Warm-Up

• Pick up a Big Bang Theory Reading from the front table• Begin reading & answering the questions as you go• Underline the most important sentence in each

paragraph• Circle any unknown words

• You have 15 minutes from the bell to complete

2.1 – Big Bang Theory

Objective• SWBAT outline Big Bang

Theory as it relates to the expanding universe & astronomical hierarchy

Agenda• Warm-Up• Objective

• Big Bang Balloon Lab• Exit Ticket & Cleanup

Activity Directions

• Answer the following questions with your table partners. • 1 person will write down the answer.• 1 person will collect and return the cards.

What are your ideas about the Universe? Part IHow Big:Place the 7 objects in order from smallest to largest.

What are your ideas about the Universe? Part II• How far?• Place the 7 objects in order from closest to Earth to

farthest.

What are your ideas about the Universe? Part III• How old?• Place the 7 objects in order from youngest to

oldest.

Class Answers

• How Big?• How Far?• How Old?

Actual Answers – How Big?

• Smallest• Telescope (40 feet)• Moon (2,000 miles)• Saturn (75 thousand Miles)• Sun (875 thousand miles)• Pleiades Star Cluster (60 trillion miles)• Whirlpool Galaxy (600 thousand trillion miles)• Hubble Galaxies (600 million trillion miles)

• Largest

Actual Answers – How Far?

• Closest• Telescope (350 miles)• Moon (250,000 miles)• Sun (93 million)• Saturn (120 million)• Pleiades Star Cluster (2,400 trillion)• Whirlpool Galaxy (200 million trillion)• Hubble Galaxies (30 billion trillion)

• Farthest

Actual Answers – How Old

• Youngest• Telescope (1990)• Pleiades Star Cluster (80 Million Years)• Moon, Saturn, and Sun (4.5 Billion Years)• Whirlpool Galaxy (10 Billion Years)• Hubble Galaxies (10 Billion Years)

• Oldest

Astronomical HierarchyThe universe is made up of many different structures arranged in a fairly well-defined hierarchy.

Definition of Hierarchy:an arrangement or classification of

things according to relative importance

Astronomical Hierarchy

Universe

Galaxy

Solar System

Planets

Scale of the Universe

How Big is the Universe??

The Formation of the Universe• Discuss with your classmates why the statement on

this poster is inaccurate (white boards).

Big Bang Theory... The show?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0p04CLd0gk

Origins of the Universe, Galaxies, Solar

Systems and Planets

Step 1. Big Bang Theory (Draw Visuals)• A theory explaining that

the universe formed through expansion from a single point.• Occurred roughly 13.7

billion years ago

Step 2. Solar Nebula

• Space clouds that are made of dust and particles.• Nebulas condense to

form galaxies, stars and planets.

Galaxies and Solar Systems Form• Step 3• Contraction Phase:

nebula begins to collapse and spin due to collision with another nebula or supernova

Galaxies and Solar Systems Form• Step 4• Accretion and Spinning

Nebula Phase: nebula flattens and rotation increases.• Rotation increases due

to the compaction of gases.

Galaxies and Solar Systems Form• Step 5• Protostar and

Planetismals Form: the building blocks (planetismals) of planets begin to form through a process of repeated collisions.• The Sun (protostar) is

forming through the same process.

Galaxies and Solar Systems Form• Step 6• Main Sequence: star is

turned “on” and begins fusing hydrogen into helium.• Planets and the star

continue to condense as particles collide together.

Galaxies and Solar Systems Form• Step 7• Civilized Universe: all

bodies in space have established their orbits and rarely collide• Planets orbit in the

same direction as star spins.

Critical Thinking Break

5 minutes with your table partner. 3 minutes with the people who also answered and have a consensus answer.1. Explain why some planets might spin or orbit in a different

direction. BONUS QUESTION: Explain the formation of the Earth-Moon System.

2. Explain why planets closer to the sun have solid surfaces and why planets farther from the sun are gas giants. BONUS QUESTION: Explain why objects outside of Neptune’s orbit are made of ice.

3. Explain why objects become smaller as the distance from the Sun increases. Also explain why Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are much smaller than the gas giants.

• Test Review• New Notebook Rubric• Honors Project #2

Galaxy Formation

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhy1fucSRQI• In the video, look for the 7 steps of formation of the

universe

But how do we know about the Big Bang?

The Expanding Universe

• 1929 – Edwin Hubble found that the universe is expanding• Proof comes from Red

Shifts: meaning wavelengths of light from other Galaxies are becoming longer and redder• This proves these

galaxies are moving Away from us

Doppler Effect

Doppler Effect Demonstration1. How does the pitch change and what is

happening to the wavelength of sound:a) When the ball is moving towards the observer (YOU)?b) When the ball is moving away from the observer

(YOU)?

2. Explain the connection between redshift (light) and changes in pitch in questions 1 and 2.

You may use your phone ONLY to help you answer the questions above.

Support for the Big Bang Theory• Cosmic background radiation• Radio signals coming from every direction in space.• Believed to be created by the big bang explosion.

• Being Cosmic Background Radiation was recorded in sound waves, lets take a listen…• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJyJ8Xjllzk

• Definition of Hierarchy: an arrangement or classification of things according to relative importance

• Astronomical Hierarchy: the universe is made up of many different structures arranged in a fairly well-defined hierarchy.

Astronomical Hierarchy

Universe

Galaxies

Solar Systems

Planets

Warm Up – 2.1b

1. Describe the process that formed the Milky Way Galaxy.

2. During what phase is our Sun currently in right now?

3. Explain two pieces of support for the Big Bang Theory.

Big Bang Balloon Lab

• You are working in pairs (2)• The partner next to you or I will assign you a partner

• You need:• 1 balloon• 1 permanent marker• 1 piece of string• Ruler

Big Bang Balloon Lab

• Expectations:• You are following the procedure exactly as it says• Do not get up out of your seat unless authorized• Talk quietly with only your table partner

Exit TicketWord Bank: PlanetsUniverseGalaxies Solar Systems

Using the word bank, answer:1. Which was created first?2. Which was created last?3. Which was formed from colliding

asteroids?4. The milky way is one of these.