Warm Up

Respond to the following prompt: Imagine you are a parent and one of your children has run away. What would you do once the child had

returned?

Would you: 1. Punish the child? 2. Accept a promise that the child wouldn’t run away again?

Explain your response.

Questions after the Civil War

• What about the freed blacks? • How will be South be re-united with the

North? • Who will make these decisions?

The New Freedmen

• Freed blacks, or "freedmen" were in a perplexing situation. – Blacks heard that they were free, but most stayed

on the plantation.– Some used violence, some went north, some

sought the law for help• All slaves were freed eventually by U.S. Army.

Freedmen's Bureau• Created by Congress to help blacks– early form of welfare: provided food, clothing,

health care, and education. – Gen. O. O. Howard led the bureau

• Largest accomplishment: teaching many blacks to read.

• Pres. Andrew Johnson unsuccessfully tried to kill it, but it expired in 1872 anyway.

Presidential Reconstruction

• "10 Percent Plan" – a southern state would be readmitted to the U.S.

after 10% of the voters took an oath of loyalty.– Had to follow emancipation

Radical Reconstruction Push Back• Radical Republicans feared the 10% plan would

allow Southern whites to again rule over freed blacks.

• Wade-Davis Bill: 50% of voters to take the allegiance oath and safeguards to protect the freed blacks.

• Lincoln pocket-vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill– Lincoln felt the Southern states had never truly seceded. – Radical Republicans felt the Southern states had

seceded. Congress could set the rules of re-admittance.

Johnson: The Tailor President

• Andrew Johnson was Lincoln’s VP – From Tennessee– Chosen to be VP because

he was the only congressmen to not secede with his state.

Johnson’s Reconstruction• Andrew Jackson basically

followed Lincoln; though he added: – Leading Confederates

were to be disenfranchised– Secession ordinances were

to be repealed– Confederate debts would

be repudiated– the states must ratify the

13th Amendment.

The Black Codes

• Rules to tie the freed blacks to their white employers. – They were contracts that said the blacks were

bound to work for whites for a certain time period. • Blacks were banned from– serving on juries– renting land– could be punished for "idleness."

Congressional Reconstruction

• Southerners stood to gain power in Congress. • 3/5ths Compromise over.• In early December 1865, Pres. Johnson stated

that the South had fulfilled all requirements.

Johnson Clashes with Congress • Johnson vetoed the

Civil Rights Bill• Congress passed 14th

Amendment:• Civil Rights and

citizenship for the freedmen• To cut state

Congressional representation if blacks were denied voting.

Reconstruction Act (1867)

• It divided the South into 5 military districts. • Congress laid out rules for states to be re-

admitted (passage of 14th Amendment/black voting rights must be protected).

• Congress added the 15th Amendment guaranteeing black suffrage

Evaluating the Republican Record

• Pg. 297Accomplishments Failures

Public schools set up in the southProperty rights for womenDebt reliefEstablished state institutions: hospitals, care for mentally illInternal improvementsModernized punishments for convicts (jail system)

Bribery in politicsWasteful spendingRise in unethical behavior in politicsPossible abuse of power by CongressNortherners come into the south and take over local governments