Warm Up!

Three types of matter are solids, liquids, and gas. We learned that these three types of matter can be

identified by…

a.Physical and chemical properties

b.Density and colorc.Testing to see if it effervescesd.Deciding if it is soluble

Warm Up!A cup filled to the rim with water was left out at room

temperature overnight. The picture shows how much water was left the next morning. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for what happened to the water?

a.The water molecules at the surface lost enough energy to evaporate.

b.The water molecules at the surface gained enough energy to evaporate.

c.The water molecules at the surface lost enough energy to condense.

d.The water molecules at the surface gained enough energy to sublimate.

Chapter 9Elements, Compounds

& Mixtures

HypothesisWhat is the difference

between these three items?Give examples if you need

to.

The BIG PictureCategorizing Matter

MatterDescribed using physical and chemical properties

Pure Substance Mixture

ElementsSmallest particle is the atom

CompoundsSmallest particle is the Molecule

Homogenous

Heterogeneous

SolutionsMixtures of two or more substances

One type of atom

throughout

specimen.

Atoms combine chemically

and cannot be separated.

Two or more atoms combine to create a

new substance.

Pure Substances

ElementsSmallest particle

is the atom.

CompoundsSmallest particle

is the Molecule.

One type of atom

throughout specimen.

Atoms combine chemically and cannot

be separated physically.Two or more atoms

combine to create a molecule of a

new substance.

or

Pure Substance - Elements

92 elements

occur naturally

and Many more have been created in

a laboratory

Famous ElementsTitanium is a hard, silvery-gray metallic

element. Its symbol is Ti. It is the 9th most common element in the Earth’s

crust.

Pure Substance - CompoundsEvery compound is a pair or group of atoms that

are combined in a definite proportion.MILLIONS of compounds have been identified!

Poisonous

yellow -green gas

Highly explosi

ve when

exposed to

water!

Table SaltOr

Sodium ChlorideSafe and

necessary for life.

plus equals

Common Household Compounds (1) water - H2O

(2) sodium chloride (table salt) - NaCl(3) sucrose (table sugar) - C12H22O11(4) sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3(5) calcium carbonate (chalk or marble) - CaCO3(6) acetic acid (vinegar) - HC2H3O2(8) ammonia (household ammonia) - NH3(9) sodium hypochlorite (bleach) - NaClO(10) sodium hydroxide (drain cleaner) - NaOH(11) calcium hydroxide (lime) - Ca(OH)2(12) sodium stearate (soap) - CH3(CH2)16COONa(13) glycerol (glycerin) - C3H5(OH)3(14) hydrogen peroxide (antiseptic or bleach) - H2O2(15) isopropanol (rubbing alcohol) - CH3COHCH3(16) silicon dioxide (glass) - SiO2(17) starch (flour) - (C6H10O5)n

The BIG PictureCategorizing Matter

MatterDescribed using physical and chemical properties

Pure Substance Mixture

ElementsSmallest particle is the atom

CompoundsSmallest particle is the Molecule

Homogenous

Heterogeneous

SolutionsMixtures of two or more substances

One type of atom

throughout

specimen.

Atoms combine chemically

and cannot be separated.

Two or more atoms combine to create a

new substance.

Mixtures ARE NOT PURE SUBSTANCES!

Substances in a mixture CAN be separated by physical means!

Mixtures can be…Heterogeneous: In substances in the mixture are NOT evenly distributed.

OrHomogenous: The substances in the

mixtureARE evenly distributed.

Heterogeneous MixturesNOT EVENLY

DISTRIBUTED! Examples of Heterogeneous mixtures are…

What heterogeneou

s Mixtures can you think

of?

Homogenous MixturesARE evenly distributed! Examples are…

More on a Homogenous

Mixture If it appears to be the same

throughout it is called a “solution”

In a solution the component that is present in the largest amount is called the “solvent”

The parts that are in the solution in lesser quantities are called “solutes”

What homogenous Mixtures can you think of?

Wrap Up ReviewMatter

Described using physical and chemical properties

Pure Substance Mixture

ElementsSmallest particle is the atom

CompoundsSmallest particle is the Molecule

Homogenous

HeterogeneousUnevenly distributed

SolutionsMixtures of two or

more substances that are evenly distributed

• Largest component = solvent

• Smaller components = solutes

One type of atom

throughout

specimen.

Atoms combine chemically

and cannot be separated.

Two or more atoms combine to create a

new substance.

Separating Mixtures

All Mixtures can be physically separated!

Let’s Practice!