Warm-Up

What do you consider to be the greatest invention in history?Why?

Chapter 11The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution• Industrial Revolution – factory machines

replaced hand tools, and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming.• Inventions of machines made it possible for

unskilled workers to produce items quickly.• Changed the way goods were produced

• Cottage Industry – making things at home prior to industrialization

Samuel Slater• Samuel Slater – sailed to the

United States from Britain and brought the idea of machines for making thread and cloth

Factories

• Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof

• People left farms and crowded into cities where factories were.

• Factories needed a source of power = water

New England states

• The New England states became a good place to set up factories - WHY??• Factories needed water for power – New

England had many fast moving rivers• Transporting goods – easy access to the

ocean for ships• No farming – people here were looking for

jobs and willing to work

Children work

• Many workers in factories were women and children • Children could often produce more

cloth, more quickly• Children as young

as 7 were common workers

Women work• Lowell Mills – textile mills in village of

Lowell Massachusetts • Machines spun raw cotton into yarn• Mills employed farm girls – Lowell girls• Girls lived in boarding

houses & worked 12 hour days

Lowell Girls

Eli Whitney• Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney

invented machine-made parts that were exactly alike• This sped up production

& made repairs easier• Cheaper for factories to produce goods• 1798 – demonstrated to Congress

Assembly Line Production

• Possible because of advances in technology• interchangeable parts• steam powered machinery

• Worker didn’t have to know how to build a product from start to finish• good for unskilled workers• jobs for immigrants

Transportation• Robert Fulton – invented a steamboat

that could move against the current or wind• The Clermont could carry passengers

much easier on water – moved people and goods very quickly

• More efficient method of transporting goods and people

Steamboat

Telegraph• Samuel Morse – invented a telegraph

that would send pulses of electricity down a wire• Morse code• Telegraph lines

spanned the country making communication quicker & easier

Farming inventions• John Deere – invented a lightweight

steel plow that made preparing soil much less work

Farming Inventions• Cyrus McCormick – invented a

reaper which cut through grain• New technology in farming allowed

for more food quicker and cheaper• HOW? The grain cut by this

reaper fell on a platform, from which it was raked by a person walking beside the machine

The Cotton Gin• Eli Whitney – invented the cotton

gin – a machine for cleaning cotton• One worker (slave) could clean as

much as 50 pounds of cotton a day in comparison to 1 pound by hand

• This will lead to the need This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick for more slaves to pick more cotton more cotton

Cotton Gin

Farming Inventions• Agriculture/Farming Inventions

The Cotton Boom

The cotton gin changed southern life:

Caused cotton farmers to move westward – to Alabama, Mississippi & Louisiana

More Native Americans driven off land – as southern farming moved

More slaves needed – to pick more cotton as it was cleaned faster

Slavery• Cotton Kingdom – became the

nickname of the South because of all the cotton plantations

• 8% of African Americans in South were free – 92% were slaves

Slavery• Most famous slave rebellion was led

by Nat Turner • Turner and 70 followers killed 55

white men, women & children• Turner was caught and he was tried

and hanged• Caused whites fear in the South –

harsh laws were passed for slaves

Nationalism• 1800’s

• NORTH – factories and industry• SOUTH – plantations with cotton

• Nationalism – a feeling of pride & joy in your country

• This feeling of nationalism began to spread after the War of 1812

Roads & Canals• U.S. needed better transportation

systems• Erie Canal – created a water route

between New York City and the Great Lakes• Unified 2 sections

of the country• Trade & goods flow

throughout the U.S.

Erie Canal

Transportation• Erie Canal helped New York

city to become nation’s largest city• 1830’s – nation began

to use steam-powered trains to move goods & people

5th President• James Monroe became the 5th

president in 1816• Era of Good Feelings -

bitter political disputes appeared to have ended

• Increased nationalism & patriotism

• Everyone seemed to be getting along

Sectionalism• Sectionalism – loyalty to the interests of

your own region of the country, rather than the nation• NORTH – industry & factories • SOUTH – farming, agriculture & plantations

• The country began to divide because of differences in jobs, industry & people

Sectionalism

Missouri Compromise• For months the nation argued whether to

admit Missouri as a slave state or a free state

• WHY? People wanted an equal number of free states & slaves states in Congress so one could not out-vote the other

• Missouri Compromise – Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state

Missouri Compromise

13 Free States...13 Slave States

Monroe Doctrine• Some Latin American countries gained

their independence from Spain• Monroe did not want Europe colonizing

or interferring with the U.S. or Latin America

• Monroe Doctrine – U.S. would not interfere with European nations or their colonies but they must leave Latin America alone.

Monroe agreed with Washington’s Farewell Address – stay out of foreign affairs

Monroe Doctrine