Warm ups:

1. What is a normal body temperature?2. What is diabetes?

Identify normal or desirable ranges for common health indicators

Temperature, blood pressure, weight, cholesterol and blood glucose levels

Normal Body Temperature

• Oral (mouth) – 97.6 to 99.6 Fahrenheit• Rectal (rectum) – 99.6 to 100.6 Fahrenheit• Axillary (armpit) – 96.6 to 98.6 Fahrenheit

Blood Pressure

• ages 20 – 40 years is 120mm Hg systolic pressure and 80mm Hg diastolic pressure.= 120/80mmHg

• Systolic pressure - heart`s ventricles contract and push the blood through the veins.

• Diastolic pressure - when the artery is resting • By using the term "normal", we really mean

the ideal figure.

Average blood pressure range for your age…

Ideal Weight

• Depends on height and how much muscle mass• Better to use body mass index to see if you are in

the healthy range

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women.

Body fat percentage

• How much of your body is fat vs. muscle• Different for male and female

Normal Cholesterol levels• Your total blood cholesterol is a measure of LDL

cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and other lipid components. Doctors recommend total cholesterol levels below 200

• cholesterol levels include the following parts:– LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, also called "bad"

cholesterol)– HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, also called "good"

cholesterol)– Triglycerides (fats carried in the blood from the food we eat.

Excess calories, alcohol, or sugar in the body are converted into triglycerides and stored in fat cells throughout the body.)

LDL cholesterol:

• LDL cholesterol = “BAD” cholesterol because it can build up on the walls of your arteries and increase your chances of getting heart disease.

• The lower your LDL cholesterol number, the lower your risk.

LDL Cholesterol LDL-Cholesterol Category Less than 100 Optimal100 - 129 Near optimal/above optimal130 - 159 Borderline high160 - 189 High190 and above Very high

HDL cholesterol• HDL cholesterol -- "good" cholesterol -- the

higher the number, the lower your risk.• This is because HDL cholesterol protects

against heart disease by taking the "bad" cholesterol out of your blood and keeping it from building up in your arteries. The table below explains what the numbers mean.

HDL Cholesterol HDL-Cholesterol Category 60 and above High; Optimal; associated with lower riskLess than 40 in men and less than 50 in women

Low; considered a risk factor for heart disease

Triglycerides Triglyceride Category

Less than 150 Normal

150 - 199 Mildly High

200 - 499 High

500 or higher Very high

Triglycerides• Triglycerides - chemical form in which most fat

exists in food and the body. • A high triglyceride level has been linked to higher

risk of coronary artery disease. Here's the breakdown.

Cholesterol Summary

Total Cholesterol Category

Less than 200 Desirable

200 - 239 Mildly High

240 and above High

Blood Glucose Levels:

• The blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal.

• Average blood sugar levels between – 3.6 and 5.8 mM (mmol/L, i.e., millimoles/liter), or – 64.8 and 104.4 mg/dL.

• The human body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis.

Blood sugar levels can change throughout the day!

Diabetes

• If you have diabetes, no matter what type, it means you have too much glucose in your blood, although the reasons may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems.

• Two types of Diabetes: – Type 1 diabetes and– Type 2 diabetes

Signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes:

• Increased thirst • Frequent urination • Extreme hunger • Unexplained weight loss • Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the

breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough insulin)

• Fatigue • Blurred vision • Slow-healing sores • Mild high blood pressure • Frequent infections, such as gum or skin infections and vaginal or

bladder infections

Causes of type 1 diabetes

• In type 1 diabetes, your immune system — which normally fights harmful bacteria or viruses — attacks and destroys your insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leaves you with little or no insulin. Instead of being transported into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. Type 1 is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, though exactly what those factors are is still unclear.

Causes of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

• In prediabetes — which can lead to type 2 diabetes — and in type 2 diabetes, your cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and your pancreas is unable to make enough insulin to overcome this resistance. Instead of moving into your cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. Exactly why this happens is uncertain, although as in type 1 diabetes, it's believed that genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of type 2. Being overweight is strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, but not everyone with type 2 is overweight.

Exit slip Questions:

1. What is a normal body temperature for humans?

2. What is BMI?3. What is a healthy BMI ?4. What is diabetes?