Warmup 01/24 An investigation was conducted using three groups of laboratory rats, X, Y, and Z, to

determine the relative effects of glucose and adrenaline on the rate of heartbeat. The experimental conditions for each group of rats were kept the same except for the type of solution injected, as shown in the data table. According to the data table, which group of rats functioned as the control?

A. X, only

B. Y, only

C. Z, only

D. both X and Y

Group Solution Injected

X 1 mL adrenaline in distilled water

Y 1 mL glucose in distilled water

Z 1 mL distilled water only

Warmup 01/27 A new drug for the treatment of asthma is tested on 100

people. The people are evenly divided into 2 groups. One group is given the drug, the other is given a glucose pill. The group that is given the glucose pill serves as the Experimental Group Limiting Factor Control Indicator

What are Life Processes?

In order to be alive, organisms must be able to do the following

All life processes can be combined into the word metabolism

S Synthesis

T Transport

E Excretion

R Respiration

N Nutrition

G Growth & Development

R Regulation

R Reproduction

Is it alive? Living: currently shows STERNGRR Dead: was living at one point Non-living: might show 1 or more

characteristics of STERNGRR but does not have all of them

Synthesis

Organisms build big things from little things. Ex: protein synthesis:

All organisms do this with ribosomes Ex: producing food:

Photosynthesis- plants make foodOpposite is digestion because digestion breaks

large things into small things

Transport

Movement of materials within an organism.

Examples: Multicellular organisms (organisms you can see)

circulate blood around the body

Transport continued Examples

Plants Vascular tissues move things up and down the plant

Xylem: transports water up the plant Phloem: transport food down the plant

Nonvascular plants are not very tall because they do not have vascular tissues to move things against gravity.

Excretion

How an organism get rid of waste Examples

In humans, this makes you pee and poop Sweating and peeing are used to balance levels of

water, salt and pH (acids) Organs used include kidneys

Respiration

How the organism gets its energy from food ATP = Energy Two types:

Anaerobic: does NOT use oxygen Aerobic: uses oxygen

Example: Feeling energized after eating food

Nutrition

Living things get food and nutrients from the environment

Two ways to get energy and nutrients: Autotrophs: make their own food

Plants Heterotrophs: eat other organisms for food

Animals

Growth and Development

Growth involves organisms increasing in size or increasing the number of cells in the organism EX: growing from 4ft to 5 ft EX: 1 cell divides into 2 cells

Growth and Development (cont) Development involves maturing

physically and mentallyEX: puberty in humans

EX: metamorphosis in butterflies and frogs

Regulation

Keeping conditions in the body constant Maintaining homeostasis.

Homeostasis means to keep things inside the body the same

Things to keep constant pH of stomach and blood Temperature Salt levels

Reproduction

Involves producing more organisms of the same species Asexual reproduction: 1 organism producing

offspring alone Sexual reproduction: 2 organisms producing

offpring together Means that DNA is exchanged

Reproduction Continued Methods of reproduction

Seeds (sexual) Spores (spores) Eggs (sexual) Sperm (sexual)

Warmup 1/28 Which condition is necessary for an

experiment to yield useful data? Similar results should be obtained when the

experiment is repeated Only the expected results should be considered

each time the experiment is performed The hypothesis must be correct The experimental period must be short

Warmup 01/31 In one of his experiments with pea plants,

Mendel notes that 75% of the offspring of a certain cross had green pea pods. This statement would be considered____. An observation An inference A hypothesis A conclusion

Graphing

Scientific Method

Graphs must have:

Title

Key

Labeled Axes

X Axis

Y Axis

Grpahing

4. Interpreting Data Graphs and Tablesa. Types of Graphs:

1. Line Graph – shows a relationship

Steps to the Scientific Method

Steps to the Scientific Method Interpreting Data

a. Types of Graphs:2. Bar Graph – used to compare information

Steps to the Scientific Method5. Interpreting

a. Types of Graphs:3. Pie Graph – shows percentages; must add up to 100%

Warmup 2/03 What is an example of the following

characteristics of STERNGRR? Synthesis

Respiration

Regulation

Scientific Method

Steps to the Scientific Method1. State the Problem

Make sure you are only studying ONE problem at a time!

Make sure the question you are asking is related to biology!

2. Form a Hypothesisa. Educated guess; possible

answer to your question

b. Written as an “If…then…” statement

Steps to the Scientific Method

Why is this event happening?

3. Experimentationa. A test of the hypothesis

b. Parts of an experimenta. Independent Variable: what is tested

b. Dependent Variable: how the IV is measured

c. Control group: group that is most normal, is not changed

d. Experimental group: group that is changed, receives the IV

Steps to the Scientific Method

Scientific Method Scenario #1 Raven tests to see if fertilizing marigolds

increases the number of flowers produced. She has four containers of marigolds. In two containers she uses potting soil and in two containers she mixes potting soil and fertilizer. After one month, she counts the number of flowers on each plant and records her data.

4. Interpreting Dataa. Make a graph of your finding

Steps to the Scientific Method

6. Draw Conclusionsa. Use data to make summaries

b. Discussion of problems with experiment

c. Discussions of options for future experiments

Steps to the Scientific Method