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WarmUp: ReviewOpen your books to Chapter 3,
Section 3 & identify the 6 factors of social change discussed in that section.
In your journals, copy & summarize each of those factors.
Chapter 18.1Social Change & Modernization
ObjectivesSummarize the theories that social scientists have offered to explain the process of social change.
Explain how theories of social change have evolved.
Social Changealterations in various aspects of society over time
CYCLICAL THEORY
Spengler & Sorokin
Cyclical Theory of Social Changeviews change
from a historical perspective
assumes natural stages of development
likely to gain popularity during periods of upheaval
Oswald SpenglerGerman
historiandeeply
troubled by WWI
wrote Decline of the West◦asserted that
West was well into decline in the 1900s & collapse was inevitable
Pitirim SorokinRussian-American
sociologistpresented 2
extreme forms of culture◦ ideational culture:
truth & knowledge sought through faith & religion
◦sensate culture: people seek knowledge through science
EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
Early & Modern
Evolutionary Theory of Social Change
views change as a process that moves in one direction – toward increasing complexity
Early Evolutionary Theories1800s: believed
that all societies progress through the same distinct stages of social development
stages should improve over time
justified political & social conditions in Europe & U.S.
Modern Evolutionary Theoriessaid that societies have a “tendency” to become more complex over time
attempts to see why societies change
EQUILIBRIUM THEORY
Equilibrium Theory of Social Change
built on functionalist idea that society resembles a living organism
occurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation & integration
CONFLICT THEORY
Marx & Class Conflict,Dahrendorf & Social Conflict
Conflict Theory of Social Changechange results from conflicts
between groups with opposing interests
Karl Marx & Class Conflict
all human history is history of class conflict
most interested in how this occurs in industrial societies
Ralf Dahrendorf & Social Conflict
holds that social conflict can take many forms◦racial,
ethnic, political, religious, labor, gender, age, etc.
Social Change Through Technology: Social Media & Climate Change
Participation culture, creativity & social change
Do you agree with Gauntlett’s assertion that we need to become more of a “making-and-doing culture” as opposed to a “sit-back-and-be-told culture?” Why or why not?
How do you think technology & social media will influence social movements of the future?
Do you think that people will be happier & more productive if they are engaged in the process of creating? Why or why not?
What role will social media play in helping us transition into a society that has to adapt to new environmental challenges? What challenges might we be facing?
CHAPTER 18: CLASSWORKPage 470: #3-4Page 479: #2-3Page 480: #1-10 Identifying
People & IdeasPage 480: #1-6 Understanding
Main IdeasPage 481: #1-4 Building Social
Studies Skills
