Washing Machine Controller

                                                                           

User Interface

Washing and drying tubs

Detergent

                                                                        

                   

           

        Mini Type         Convenient Operation         Many Colors Are Available

Model XPB05-15Washing/Spin Capacity 6.2 kg/5.2 kg

Rate Power Washing 360WSpin 180W

Net Weight 3.5 KgGross Weight 4.8 KgExterior size ( LxWxH ) 348x348x378 mm

        Fully Automatic         Course Selection:

Fuzzy Light/Blanket/Heavy/Wool/Economic         Function: Wash/Rinse/Spin.Various Auto Programs         Auto Power Off         Detergent Box

Model XQB52-88Washing/Spin Capacity 5.2 kg/5.2 kg

Rate Power Washing 340WSpin 340W

Net Weight 31 KgGross Weight 36 KgExterior size ( LxWxH ) 575x595x1020 mm

    

                      

Cleaning ClothesOperating a washing machine is pretty simple:

•There are a few things to decide before you start your load of clothes, such as how big the load is (small, medium, large, extra large), what temperature the water will be for the wash and rinse cycles (cold/cold, warm/cold, warm/warm, hot/cold), how the machine should agitate (delicate, knit, permanent press, heavy), and how long the cycles should last (number of minutes, based on how soiled your clothes are). •After you fill the tub with clothes, the machine fills the tub with water, and then stirs the clothes around using an agitator. •After some time agitating, the washer drains the water and then spins the clothes to remove most of the water. Then, it refills, and agitates the clothes some more to rinse out the soap. Then it drains and spins again.

                                                                                                                     

Key Specifications/Special Features:

•Controlling sine wave DC brushless motor with DSP chip and loop control of strict sine vibration location •Totally solving the problem of washer winding •Completely intellectualized, set up automatically washing time, water flow, water level, dehydration and rotating-speed, etc. •Realizing non-polarized speed adjustment •Weighing precisely, "self-study" function •Energy-saving and consumption-reducing, automatically allocating the parameters of washing time and power, etc.

•Fuzzy control, adopting parameter automatic adjustment, intelligent integral, reasoning dynamically modification •Controlling fabric texture, quantity and water level •Adopting DSP to fulfill all kinds of controller solutions and multifunctional driving conveniently •Adopting new type sensor

                                                                                                                     

•Voice hint and voice identification with imported chip, saving multiple voice messages, preparation control and storage information •LCD backlight display mode •PC long-distance monitoring function •Musical buzz function

Over the years, the concept of adaptive control has continued to expand and can now be found in almost every industry. The automotive sector, for example, has quite a few adaptive concepts. Probably the best known automotive adaptive system is antiskid braking.Currently, intelligent design typically involves motion systems that have control or computing capabilities, sensors, and feedback loops. However, just a single component could be intelligent. For example, it is possible for a motor to measure its own speed, or for a bearing to sense the force being applied to it.Intelligent design has also contributed to the move towards distributed motion-control systems. The trend here is to place intelligence further away from the central controller, and closer to what is being controlled.

All this is made possible by ever-shrinking microprocessors and increasing processing speed. Microprocessors and digital signal processors have more functions built into the chip, requiring fewer supporting chips, thereby taking up less board space. This makes it possible to buy motors with built-in controllers and drives.But intelligent design has progressed beyond the realm of motion control. Intelligent design, and its close cousin embedded systems (placing microprocessors and sensors in places you wouldn't imagine), are making their presence known in the world of consumer goods. For example, designers are embedding computers in refrigerators and washing machines, and putting piezoelectric materials in skis.

In the near future, your washing machine will request service for itself without your knowledge. Some day soon, a repairperson may show up at your door and say that your washing machine e-mailed a request for a new bearing. This is coming down the pike: more computing power, "smarter" devices, and a future that looks increasingly like the Jetson household.

                                                         

Philips 51LPC Microcontrollers and Triacs in

White Good ApplicationsA washing-machine example

Customers Benefit+Low sensitive Triacs simple driving circuit +P87LPC764 microcontroller very few external components+Trigger on current-zero-crossing low supply current+Very simple Power-supply

=Low cost

The Demo

The power-supplyThe Triacs

The micro The User Interface

Contents•A user-interface

•A cheap and powerful microcontroller

•A power-interface (Triacs)

•Power devices (Valves, Pumps, Motors)

IndicatorsButtons and Switches

Philips Semiconductors

UART

Multi-Functionlow-power Osc.

System Supervisory pwr-on-reset, w /dog, brownout detectAccelerated 80C51 CPU Core

4KBytes OTP

Internal 6MHzRC Oscillator

128 Bytes RAMI2C

Timer 0/1(16-bit)

KeyboardInterrupt

Ports0, 1, 2

Analog Comparators

LPC76x Family Low System-Cost Feature-Set

- 8-bit System-on-Silicon - Low -Power 2x speed C51+

core- Reduced system-cost

innovations- Many high-volume applications: Lamp Ballasts, Motor Contr.,

HVAC, Smoke Detectors, White-Goods

etc. On-Chip Memory & Peripherals

- Up to 4KB OTP Program Code for Micropower applications- 128 Bytes RAM for Data- On-chip System Supervisor

circuits - Multi-function LP Osc. (0-

20MHz) - 6MHz Internal Osc. & Reset

LPC76x Family - Features/Applications•door lock control

•mirror control•window lift control•air quality sensor•security systems•temp. sensors•car communication•CD, Tape-modules•climate control / HVAC•motor control•LCD backlight control•alarm systems•head / back lighting•compass•LIN slave

87LPC760

87LPC761 2K OTP UART, I2C, BOD

1K OTPLow Cost 14 Pin

87LPC764

87LPC767

2K OTP

4K OTP ADC/DAC DAC

4K OTP ADC PWM

Low Cost Digital Applications + I2C EEPROMs and Peripherals

Motor Control, TRIAC & Bridge Drivers

Low-Cost Voice, Audio & Analog Outputs

UART, I2C, BOD

4K OTP UART, I2C, BOD

4K OTP ADCAnalog Sensor Measurements

UART, I2C, BOD

UART, I2C, BOD

UART, I2C, BOD

87LPC768

87LPC769

87LPC76216 Pin Packages

UART, I2C, BOD

Functional blocks of a washing-machine example

Use

r in

terf

ace

forward

reverse

Switch on/off

Tumble motor

Water inlet pump

Switch on/off Drain valve

The User-Interface•Should be simple and cheap.

•LED's as indicators.

•Buttons and switches for the user input and machine-control

E.g.:

•4 LEDs to indicate program-selection for four different programs.

•3 LEDs to indicate state of the washing-machine. (ready, washing, idle)

•2 Buttons. (Program-select, Start/Pause)

•2 Switches for machine-control. (Lid is open, water maximum reached)

The User-InterfaceColumn Select 4

Row1

Row2

Row3

P87L

PC76

xM

icro

cont

rolle

r

Program 1

Program 2

Program 3

Program 4

ready washing idle

Program select

Start/Pause Lid open

Water levelmax

The matrix-structure allows eleven elements on seven pins

Update TimeTo avoid a flickering of the Leds, these should be updated at least with 80Hz. This leads to an update-time of 12,5ms. In this time all seven states have to be cycled trough. The panel-update routine must therefore be accessed every ~1,8ms.

Timer-ISR

Panel-routine

Every 1,8ms

The Microcontroller circuitry

• The power supply.

• The reset circuit.

• The brown-out detection.

• The oscillator.

• The voltage zero crossing detection.

• The current zero crossing detection.

P87L

PC76

x

– Cheap for Low Power– 2 diodes and dropper RC– 2 diodes and dropper R

(low current)– Can drive up to 80mA

Gatepulses

The P87LPC76x power supply from mains

The P87LPC76x reset circuit

• None, it’s on chip

The P87LPC76x brown-out detection

• None, it’s on chip• Configurable for 2,5V or

3,8V.

The P87LPC76x oscillator

• None, 6Mhz RC-oscillator on chip.• Configurable for:

– Internal RC– External low frequency oscillator (20kHz-100kHz)– External medium frequency oscillator (100kHz-

4Mhz)– External high frequency oscillator (4Mhz-20Mhz)– External Clock attached to X1

Switching the triacs

•The Turn-on of triac is done at voltage-zero-crossing of the mainsvoltage.•To avoid current-jumps, the retriggering is done at current-zero-crossingdetection.

+5V

Neutral

Line

0V

R1

1M

D1

D2

LPC– Any LPC Input except I²C-pins – Internal Clamping Diodes – Falling Edge Interrupt– Schmitt Trigger– Single Current Limiting

Resistor

Voltage Zero Crossing Detection

– Senses Current ZeroCrossing

– Window Comparator

Gate Voltage Supervision Circuit+5V

Line

0V

LPC

R122k

R322k

0V 0V

Neutral

T1BTA216-600D

RLoad

R21k R4

100k

R5100k

RgateOUT

– Compares Gate Voltage– Supervision of Latch Status– Detects false Commutation

– Self Retriggering– Detects false

Commutation– Adjustable to Load

Gate Voltage Supervision Circuit

Gate Voltage / 2

Voltage Window

Output Port

The washing-program software• Located in non volatile memory, e.g. code

space, EEProm or I²C-EEPROM etc.• Sequence of basic instructions like rotate

forward, open drain valve, water in etc.• Wait functionality is implemented with a timer.

Structure of the commands

Basic intructions//Commands

#define cWaterIn 1

#define cWaterStop 2

#define cOpenDrain 3

#define cCloseDrain 4

#define cFwd 5

#define cRev 6

#define cStop 7

#define cEnd 8

#define cBeep 9

#define cWaitLevel 10

#define cSpin 11

•Lets water in

•Stop the water-inlet

•Open the drain-valve

•Close the drain-valve

•Rotate forward

•Rotate reverse

•Stop rotating

•End of program

•Do a beep with a sounder

•Wait until the water-level switch opens

•Spin

Washing program example description

The DemoThe power-supply

The Triacs

VZCdetect CZC

detect

The User Interface

Philips Semiconductors

LPC900 FamilyLow-Power 3V Flash MCU

• 0.35Flash Process– 8KB 3V Low-Power IAP/ISP Flash– 512B EEPROM– 768B SRAM

• 6x Accelerated 80C51 core– Improved speed, power & EMC

• Innovative peripherals– Enh. UART + Baudrate Generator– 3Mb/s SPI & 400 Kb/s I2C serial I/O– 16-bit Capture/Compare/PWM Unit

• Packages: TSSOP/PLCC/HVQFN28• Low Cost Development

– Starter kits (around $50)– In-Circuit Debugger/Compiler

All-in-one Package (under $200)– Full Trace Emulation (under $500)

Timer0/1

16-bit

SPI

Power Management, RTC, WDT, power-on-reset, brownout detect600% Accelerated C51 Core

Internal ±2.5%7.3728 MHz

RC Oscillator

Keypad/Pattern Match

Interrupt

Ports0,1,2,3

AnalogComparators

16-bit PWMCapture/Compare32

x PL

L

768BSRAM

8K ISP/IAP

Flash

512BData

EEPROM

Enh.UART I2C

– Easy solution to control loads at mains supply withPhilips LPC and Triacs

– Very cheap and simple power-supply due to low supply current

– Offers a universal "one-for-all" control method for any load with load supervision

– New method for detecting zero-crossing of load Current without shunt resistor in the load circuit

Phase Control and SwitchingTriac DrivingZero-Crossing DetectionTriac SupervisionSynchronization to MainsEmulation @ Mains SUPPLYPower SupplyPhase Control ExampleContinuous Conduction Example

Application-Note AN467:

www.semiconductors.com/mcu

Thanks for your interest

Washing machine demonstration

The demo board

Summary of technical features• A fully functioning controller for a top-loading washing machine that uses a

reversible induction motor• Integrates Philips’ microcontroller and triacs• Low total component count• Circuit optimised for reliability and low cost• Most triacs driven directly from microcontroller (driver IC not required)• Gate triggering uses voltage zero cross detection for minimum EMI• Resistor-less current zero cross detection uses triac gate voltage monitoring

– intelligent triggering of motor triacs minimises power supply current and allows the use of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest IGT)

– simple, low-current 5V logic supply uses R-C dropper• User interface includes LEDs, push buttons and audible sounder• Software provided and includes a full suite of wash programmes• Board is complete and ready to connect to your washing machine

User interface

• Push buttons:– PROGRAMME - steps through the five programmes in turn– STEP - selects which sections of the programme to run– START/PAUSE - starts and pauses the programme

• Light Emitting Diodes:– Wash programmes: SOAK, STANDARD, GENTLE, STRONG,

FAST– Programme sections: WASH, RINSE, DRAIN

• Audible sounder:– makes a short sound for every valid button push– signals the end of the programme by five long sounds

Making it work

• Mains power supply is 180 - 260V, 50 - 60Hz.

• Use in– stand-alone mode or– connected to a top-loading washing machine

Stand-alone mode (1)

• Manual water level switch– replaces the machine’s water level switch function.– Contacts closed when full, contacts open when

empty.– Set to “empty” before starting the programme to

allow “fill” sequence to commence.– Set to “full” to allow programme to progress.– Set to “empty” during “drain” sequence to allow

programme to progress.

Stand-alone mode (2)

• Spin disable– a machine safety feature that is activated if the load is severely

unbalanced or if the lid is lifted.– It shuts everything down and halts the programme for a set timeout

period after the ‘fault’ has cleared.– It is bypassed by connecting a wire link across the “spin cut-out”

terminals.– “Spin cut-out” terminals must be closed for the programme to

progress through a spin sequence.• NOTE: 100W loads minimum must be connected to “motor

forward” and “motor reverse” outputs. If a suitable motor is not available, 100W - 150W lamps are suggested.

Stand-alone mode (3)• What happens if the motor load is too small?

– The microcontroller applies gate pulses only when the load current is close to zero and the triac is about to commutate (turn off).

– If the load current is very small, it will spend more time close to zero.– The microcontroller must apply more gate pulses to maintain

continuous conduction.– More gate pulses mean more current demand from the 5V logic supply.– Our demo board has a simple R-C power supply of limited current

capability.– A load substantially lower than 100W requires more gate pulses than

the power supply can sustain.– The 5V logic supply drops below the microcontroller’s brownout

detection threshold, causing it to reset.

Connected to a washing machine

• Connect the five outputs: water inlet valve, motor forward, motor reverse, power switch trip and drain valve.– Drain valve output also releases the spin brake.

• Connect water level switch (contacts open when empty).– Manual water level switch must be set to “empty” to open its

contacts and allow the demo board to “see” the machine’s water level switch.

• Connect spin cut-out switch (contacts normally closed to enable spin).

• At end of programme, the power switch trip output is activated to switch off the power switch.

Wash programmes1. STANDARD

• Default programme on power-up• Used for most everyday washing• Available options:

– WASH + RINSE + DRAIN– WASH only– DRAIN only– WASH + RINSE– WASH + DRAIN– RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes2. GENTLE

• The most gentle programme with minimum agitation for delicate fabrics including woollens

• Available options:– WASH + RINSE + DRAIN– WASH only– DRAIN only– WASH + RINSE– WASH + DRAIN– RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes3. STRONG

• The longest programme - more vigorous agitation, more rinses, more water and longer spins for very dirty clothes

• Available options:– WASH + RINSE + DRAIN– WASH only– DRAIN only– WASH + RINSE– WASH + DRAIN– RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes4. FAST

• The shortest programme - very quick, with one rinse for lightly soiled clothes

• Available options:– WASH + RINSE + DRAIN– WASH only– DRAIN only– WASH + RINSE– WASH + DRAIN– RINSE + DRAIN

Wash programmes5. SOAK

• Normal agitation with extended soaking periods to loosen ingrained dirt

• Available options:– WASH + RINSE + DRAIN– WASH only– WASH + RINSE– WASH + DRAIN

Demo board PCB

Demo board schematic

Power supply

Power outputs

Voltage zero cross detection

Current zero cross detection by gate voltage monitoring

User interface

Intelligent triggering of motor triacs- minimises power supply current and allows the use of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest IGT)

Load current

Gate current

Load current

Gate current

Intelligent triggering of motor triacs- minimises power supply current and allows the use of the best Hi-Com triacs (highest IGT)

8A 1000V Hi-Com triac in SOT186A for high AC mains voltages:

BTA208X-1000B

Unique to Philips!

Benefits of BTA208X-1000B

• High Commutation– less risk of triac damage through uncontrolled turn-on– less false triggering with “difficult” reactive loads– fewer protection components required (snubbers, capacitors &

inductors)– better control maintained at high temperature

• High voltage blocking capability– higher voltage headroom– higher reliability in high voltage applications– less risk of false triggering through overvoltage

• High IGT– optimised at 50mA max for best possible commutation performance

• Isolated package– provides 2500V RMS isolation from the mounting base

BTA208X-1000B applications (general)

• Reversible induction motors where mains voltage is boosted by ‘autotransformer step-up’ in the motor windings

• High mains voltage supplies• Applications requiring extra voltage

headroom for improved immunity to false triggering by overvoltage

BTA208X-1000B applications (specific)

• Top-loading washing machines• Tumble dryers• Industrial motor forward/reverse controls

– doors– roller shutters– conveyors

• Three-phase mains loads operating at 440V

http://www.semiconductors.philips.com/news/infocus/IntelligentControllers/

9.   The rinse cycle is completed in the same manner repair.  When  troubleshooting  a  washer,  you  need  to as the wash cycle, and after this cycle, the timer shuts down, completing the operation. have the wiring diagram for that particular washer. Normally, it is pasted to the back panel. Try starting the machine and observing its operation. Run the machine TROUBLESHOOTING.—Before

attempting through its cycles so you can trace the trouble to one any repair or replacement of any washing machine circuit  or  component.  Figure  7-3  shows  a  typical  wiring component, you

must locate the trouble. Eliminate any diagram of a washing machine. The information shown guesswork. Guesswork can result in time-consuming in table 7-1 should help you troubleshoot a

washing Table  7-1.—Washing  Machine  Troublesbooting  Chart TROUBLE PROBABLE   CAUSE REMEDY Motor will not start. Blown fuse. Replace fuse. (No power at motor.) Broken wiring. Repair wiring. Loose connections. Tighten connections. Inoperative timer. Repair  timer. Defective motor. Replace motor. Motor will not turn. Jammed water pump due to foreign matter. Clean  pump. (Motor has power.) Transmission jammed. Repair transmission. Low voltage. Correct voltage. Motor runs but agitator does Belt broken. Replace belt. not. Loose pulleys. Tighten pulleys. Belt off pulleys. Replace belt on pulleys. Faulty timer. Replace timer. Inoperative clutch. Adjust clutch. Broken gear in transmission. Repair transmission. Loose connection at time or clutch solenoid. Tighten connection. Washer washes but does not Water in tub. Check operation of water pump. spin. Faulty timer. Replace timer. Faulty clutch or transmission. Replace clutch or transmission. Loose connection in spin circuit. Tighten connection. No water enters tub. Clogged screen at water valve. Clean screen. Loose connection in water valve solenoid circuit. Tighten connection. Defective solenoid. Replace solenoid. Water valve stuck. Repair valve. Defective timer. Replace timer. Water does not drain. Clogged drain valve screen. Clean screen. Defective water pump. Replace water pump. Drain  hose  plugged. Unplug  hose. Defective timer. Replace timer. Pump  belt  broken. Replace belt. Noisy  operation. Loose pulleys. Tighten pulleys. Cracked belt. Replace belt. Worn transmission. Replace transmission. Worn  pump. Replace pump. Loose cabinet parts. Tighten parts. Agitator operates when basket Improper electrical connection at timer. Correct condition. spins. Defective clutch. Repair clutch. Washer stalls when running. Frozen bearing. Replace bearing. Transmission jammed. Replace transmission. Off-balance load. Distribute clothes evenly in tub. Improper adjustment of vibration switch. Adjust switch. Washer leaks water. Poor door or lid gasket. Replace gasket. Pump seal defective. Replace seal. Hose connection loose. Tighten connection. Machineoverloaded. Remove part of load. Too much water in tub. Check operation of water shutoff. Washer  does  not  cycle. Faulty  timer. Replace timer. Inoperative solenoids. Replace solenoids. Faulty wiring. Repair wiring. Loose circuit connections. Tighten connections. Crossed circuit wires. Check circuits with manufacturer's diagram. Broken transmission parts. Replace transmission. 7-5

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