Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 web: www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879

EMC Compliance Overview

Steve Koster

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EMC

• EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility• The ability to operate in the intended

environment without performance degradation

• The ability to operate in the intended environment without interfering with operation of other equipment/systems

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EMC Compliance - US• FCC

• US commercial• Applies to

• Unintentional emitters• RF transmitters

• Regulates emissions (not immunity)• CFR 47, Part 15

• ITE/Digital Devices (CIPSR 22 satisfies requirements) • Receivers• Unlicensed transmitters

• CFR47, Parts ----• Specific parts for designated applications

• Part 22 - Cellular devices• Part 90 - Licensed private land mobile radio• Others (Television, Satellite, Education, Amateur, etc.)

• FCC OET Bulletin 65, Supplement C• RF Exposure Levels to Humans

• ACTA – Administrative Council for Terminal Attachments• Telecommunications – Part 68

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EMC Compliance - Canada

• Industry Canada• Formally Dept. of Communications• ICES-003 – unintentional emitters (US Part

15 harmonized)• CS03 – telecommunications products• RSS-210 – non-licensed RF products• RSS-119 – Land Mobile and Fixed Radio

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PERSONAL COMPUTERS & PERIPHERALS, RADIO RECEIVERS

• Method #1Test at Approved Laboratory

Test Product at approved

Laboratory

Report with Technical

Information

Declaration of Conformity

Sell Product

Declaration of Conformity. Does not go to the FCC

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Exempted Devices

• CFR Part 15.103• Digital device used exclusively in motor vehicle• Digital device used for power system or control by a public

utility on utility property• Digital device used exclusively as industrial, commercial or

medical test equipment• Digital device used exclusively as an appliance• Specialized medical device (generally used under direction

of medical professional)• Device with power consumption not exceeding 6nW• Analog devices used with digital devices (e.g. mouse without

digital circuitry)• Digital devices with highest used frequency not exceeding

1.705MHz and do not connect to mains power

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RADIO TRANSMITTERS• ExamplesCordless Phones, Radio Transmitters, CB Radios, Wireless Products

CERTIFICATION:

Test ProductReport with Technical

Information

Send Report and Application to FCC or TCB

FCC GRANTwith FCC ID Number

Sell Product

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North American Telecommunications• US: ACTA• Canada: Industry Canada CS03

Canada and US Share Harmonized Technical Requirements

• Objective:• Designed to protect network from harm posed by

connected equipment• General Requirements:

• Analog: Balance, signal power, impedance, isolation surge survivability

• Digital: Balance, signal power, signal masks, isolation

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BELLCORE (TELCORDIA)

• BELLCORE is laboratory/standards body set up to serve Bell Operating Companies (Each Bell Company may have their own additional requirements)

• Objective is to standardize technical requirements to facilitate acceptance and compatibility of equipment

• Principal Equipment Standards:• BELLCORE GR-1089: EMC & Safety

Based largely on international and national standards (i.e., FCC, UL)

Defines Equipment Type based on connection to the telecommunications network and the intended location of the equipment.

• Some tests interchangeable with FCC and CE tests.• BELLCORE GR-63 (“NEBS”): Environmental• BELLCORE GR-78: Requirements for Physical Design and

Manufacture of Equipment

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EPRI Requirements

• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)• US Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory

Guide 1.180 currently in use• Provides for dual path of compliance testing

• MIL-STD-461, previously used by EPRI TR-102323• IEC 61000 series of EMI/RFI test methods

• Both approaches impose more stringent requirements than commercial specifications and call out stringent test methods and limits

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EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS

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OVERVIEW OF EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS

• Terms• Directives• Comparison with US standards• Options for Conformity• Technical Requirements• Use of the CE Mark

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TERMS & DEFINITIONS• European Directive

• Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers• Must be adopted into National Law by each EC member state• Does not call out technical standards; refers to private standards-

making bodies to draw up product standards• European Norm (EN)

• Harmonized Standard: Common Standard used for determining conformity• Committee process• ENs based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)

• Must be adopted into National Standards by each EC Member state• CENELEC (Comite Europeen de Normalisation Electrotechnique)

• European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization: responsible for generating European Norms

• CE: Communaute Europeenne

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TERMS & DEFINITIONS• Competent Body

• Review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity

• Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive

• Approved by member state National Authority• Conformity Assessment Bodies (CAB) in US

• Notified Body• “Notified” means that the organization has been

“officially announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority

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NEW APPROACH DIRECTIVES

• Objective: Elimination of Technical Barriers• New Approach calls out Essential Requirements

• Technical Details Left to Committees• Harmonization of European Norms (Standards)• CENELEC

• Conformity to European Norms demonstrates compliance• Products meeting essential requirements eligible for CE

Marking

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EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES

DirectiveLow Voltage (73/23/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EECSimple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC) Amended by 90/488/EECToy Safety (88/378/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EECConstruction Products (89/106/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC

EMC (89/336/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EEC Repeal 7/20/2007EMC (2004/108/EC)Machinery (89/392/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EECPersonal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC)Non-Automatic Weighing Instruments (90/384/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EECGas Appliances (90/396/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EECTelecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC)

Amended by 93/68/EECHot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC) Amended by 93/68/EECMedical Devices (93/42/EEC)Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC)Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC)Recreational Craft (94/25/EEC)Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive

Mandatory Date:1/1/977/1/921/1/971/1/971/1/96

7/20/091/1/956/30/951/11/021/1/951/1/96

1/1/976/13/98NONE6/30/036/15/984/1/01

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THE EMC DIRECTIVE• 89/336/EEC: The EMC Directive

• Adopted 1989 by Council of the European Communities• Original Implementation 1 January 1992• Amended by 92/31/EEC

• Affects all products to be placed on the Market• Calls out essential “protection requirements” which

include emissions as well as susceptibility• Does not call out specifications or standards

“New Approach Directive”• Essential Protection Requirements• Allows Self-Certification• ”CE” Marking certifying product’s conformance

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EMC Directive - Changes

• Clarification of scope and definitions• Simplification of compliance methods – DoC• Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations• Modified DoC supporting location of responsible

parties by enforcement• Requirement for unique product identification• Clear treatment of fixed installations and their

compliance obligations

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Conformity Assessment

• Manufacturer performs an electromagnetic compatibility assessment applying all relevant harmonized standards published in OJ

• Manufacturer prepares technical documentation providing evidence of compliance – retains at least 10-years after date of last manufacture

• Manufacturer prepares a Declaration of Conformity (DoC)

• The “CE” mark may be placed on the equipment

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Non-harmonized/Incomplete Application of Standards

• If harmonized standards are not followed or partially followed:• Technical documentation is more complex

to justify the DoC describing the steps taken to meet the essential requirements

• Review by a Notified Body to obtain an opinion on conformity• NB opinion adds weight in case of a dispute but

does not solely authenticate the DoC

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Product Identification

• Each apparatus to be identified in terms of type, batch, serial number or other information allowing identification

• Each apparatus shall be accompanied with Community contact information

• Information must be provided on specific precautions for EMC protection (e.g., installation instructions, shielded cable use, etc.)

• Use restrictions for items where residential compliance is not ensured

• Information on use for intended purpose included with the apparatus

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Fixed Installations

• Special section – Article 13• Applies to a given fixed installation with the

apparatus not commercially available• CE marking and mandatory pre-testing not

required• Installation requires application of “good”

engineering practices with documentation of EMC precautions incorporated

• If EMC problems are indicated, authorities may request evidence of compliance

• If non-compliance is established, appropriate measures to attain compliance may be imposed

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CE Marking• Implementation of the CE Marking:

• Must be affixed to:• Product• Packaging• Instructions for use, OR• Guarantee certificate

• Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark

• The marking may include:• The identification of a notified body involved in

assessment

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R&TTE

• Covers the following aspects:• Efficient use of spectrum• EMC• Safety

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R&TTE Approval Process

• CE Marking by manufacturer is allowed• Self-Declaration for many products• Reduced approval procedures and

processes• Harmonized standards developed• Faster, cheaper, more market coverage

for Small – Medium Enterprises

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Annexes• Annex I: Things NOT covered• Cables, Receive-only broadcast, Kits, Aviation and Air

Traffic, marine• Annex II: Internal Production Control• Basis for all Annexes (good documentation!)

• Annex III: Annex II + Testing• Type testing

• Annex IV: TCF• Notified Body/CAB (for new technologies)

• Annex V: Full QA• Accredited Quality Assurance System

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R&TTE Testing

• No longer requires involvement of accredited test house

• Test to harmonized standards• DoC• CE Marking• Ship

• Non-harmonized frequencies:• Notification to Spectrum Authority• Alert Signal (Equipment Class Identifier)• Restricted Geographical Area

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EMC Test Standards

• Product specific test standards establish requirements and typically point to test method standards. Normally include:• Radiated Emissions – CISPR 22• Conducted Emissions – CISPR 22• Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2• Flicker – EN 61000-3-3• Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2• Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3• Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4• Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5• Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6• Magnetic Immunity * - EN 61000-4-8• Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11

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