Waste management and clearance: JRC approach in … · 2 Giovanni Macchi Clearance Coordinator European Commission Joint Research Centre Nuclear Decommissioning Unit Via E. Fermi

Joint Research Centre the European Commission's

in-house science service

8th International Summer School

on Nuclear Decommissioning and

Waste Management

ISPRA – 14.09.2016

Waste management and

clearance:

JRC approach in

compliance with the

Italian legislation

2

Giovanni Macchi

Clearance Coordinator

European Commission

Joint Research Centre

Nuclear Decommissioning Unit

Via E. Fermi 2749, TP 400

I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy

+39 0332 78 5218

[email protected]

Waste management and clearance:

JRC approach in compliance with the

Italian legislation

3

1. Definition And Criteria

2. Italian Legislation

3. JRC Situation

4



3. JRC Situation

5


JRC approach in compliance with the Italian legislation

Definition And Criteria

6




7




8


9


10


11


12


13


14


15


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Clearance is defined as the removal of radioactive materials or radioactive objects within authorized practices from any further regulatory control by the regulatory body“ (IAEA RS-G-1.7)

17


CRITERIA FOR CLEARANCE I.10. The general criteria for clearance are that:

(a) Radiation risks arising from the cleared material are

sufficiently low as not to warrant regulatory control, and there is no appreciable likelihood of occurrence for scenarios that could lead to a failure to meet the general criterion for clearance; or

(b) Continued regulatory control of the material would yield no net benefit, in that no reasonable control measures would achieve a worthwhile return in terms of reduction of individual doses or reduction of health risks.

18

International Regulations – IAEA RS-G-1.7

• Dose for a member of the public in the range of 10 μSv/a

• Single events with low likelihood can be accepted if < 1 mSv/a

effective dose and < 50 mSv/h skin dose

• 1 man Sv/a collective dose

• No mass restriction

• 100% exhaustion of the clearance levels assumed; all applications

• Values are based on several international studies, the lowest

values for every nuclide were chosen to ensure universal

applicability

• Up to the tenfold of the given level, the national regulator may

decide not to apply any regulation (graded approach)

• Application of guide is not mandatory – "may be used"


19

International Regulations – EU

Council Directive 96/29/Euratom on Exemption and clearance

• RP 89 : “Recommended radiological protection criteria for

the recycling of metals from the dismantling of nuclear installations ”, 1998.

•RP 113 : “ Recommended radiological protection criteria for the

clearance of buildings and rubble from the dismantling of nuclear

installations ”, 2000.

•RP 122 part I: “Practical use of the concepts of exemption and clearance

– guidance on general clearance levels for practices”, 2000.


Revision of EU-BSS 96/29/Euratom:

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2013/59/EURATOM of 5 December 2013

Harmonisation with International BSS

20


• EU – RP 122 4. GENERAL CLEARANCE LEVELS

Isotopes contribution to 10 μSv/a

𝑐𝑖𝑐𝐿𝑖

𝑛

𝑖=1

≤ 1.0

𝑐𝑖 is the total activity in the structure per unit mass of radionuclide 𝑖(Bq/g), 𝑐𝐿𝑖 is the clearance level of radionuclide 𝑖 (Bq/g), is the number of radionuclide in the mixture. 𝑛

21



3. JRC Situation

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Italian Legislation

Laws

Ministerial

Decrees

Technical Guidelines

from Control Authority

National Standardisation

Association:UNI, Cei

23

Italian Legislation

Laws

• Act 230/1995 as amended on Implementation of the directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 92/3/Euratom and 96/29/Euratom in the field of ionizing radiation. • §30 Specific clauses for clearance of wastes. • §154 Specific clauses for exempt wastes

• A general exemption criterion is in force in Italy, which can also be

used for clearance: – activity concentration ≤ 1 Bq/g, and – half-life < 75 days • If compliance with either of the two is failed, clearance

requires an authorization on a case-by case basis.

24

Regulatory

Sistem (D.L 230 …)

SUBJECTION CLEARANCE < 10µSv/a A posteriori

EXEMPTION: < 75d and < 1 Bq/g A priori

EXCLUSION (cosmic radiation, NORM)

Italian Legislation

Laws

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Controlled Area

Supervised Area

Free area

Workers Classification

Population CLEARANCE Plant fence

10 μSv/a

< 20 mSv/a < 6 mSv/a

Laws

Italian Legislation

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Italian Legislation

Ministerial decrees

New Waste classification

(G.U 191 – 19 August 2015)

EW

VSLW

VLLW

LLV

ILW

HLW

27

Italian Legislation

Ministerial decrees

SGRR Authorisation

(D.I 191 – 23 September 2008)


𝑛

𝑖=1

≤ 1.0

28

Italian Legislation

Technical guidelines from Control Authority

Old Waste classification

(Technical Guide 26)

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Italian Legislation

(UNI 11458-2012) - 1

National Standardisation Association: UNI, Cei

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Italian Legislation

(UNI 11458-2012) - 2

National Standardisation Association: UNI, Cei

31



3. JRC Situation

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JRC Situation

Ispra 1

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JRC Situation

INE-Essor

Ispra 1

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JRC Situation

Faro

INE-Essor

Ispra 1

35

JRC Situation

Faro

SGRR

INE-Essor

Ispra 1

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JRC Situation

Faro

SGRR

LMA

INE-Essor

Ispra 1

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JRC Situation

STRRL

Faro

SGRR

LMA

INE-Essor

Ispra 1

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JRC Situation

STRRL

Cyclotron

Faro

SGRR

LMA

INE-Essor

Ispra 1

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JRC Situation

1) Period: 2005 – 2010

2) Six projects: INE, FARO/ECO, ISPRA-1, STRRL, LCSR, RCHL

3) Internationally recognised characterisation approach:

a. Historical site assessment

b. Implementation of calculation methods

c. Structural and radiometric surveys

d. Non-destructive radiological analyses

e. Destructive radiological analyses

f. Data and sample management (MiRadIs,

characterisation sample archives)

Historical plant characterisation

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INE ISPRA

1 LCSR STRRL FARO RCHL Bioshields

Total in

all

facilities

Number of

measurements

for NDA

Gamma-ray imaging

29 34 66 15 - 1 - 145

HRGS object counting

589 195 151 151 461 550 - 2.097

LRGS object counting

1.381 620 324 208 - 70 - 2.603

LRGS scanning

78 85 77 134 49 1 - 424

Contamination measurement

by smears 737 92 302 136 179 25 - 1.471

Total number of NDA measurements

2.814 1.026 920 644 689 647 - 6.740

Number of

samples for

DA

Metal 48 54 10 7 37 9 - 165

Concrete 33 13 8 17 10 21 6 108

Other material 11 5 6 27 12 10 - 71

Total number of DA samples 92 72 24 51 59 40 6 344

Number of

laboratory

determinations

for DA

Alpha emitters 434 311 101 183 175 189 52 1.445

Beta emitters 805 583 165 332 243 281 174 2.583

Gamma emitters

158 98 38 69 79 93 66 601

Weak gamma and X-ray emitters

308 236 53 133 82 37 72 921

Total number of DA determinations

1.705 1.228 357 717 579 600 364 5.550

Total number of pages in plant

characterisation documentation 7.799 4.315 2.297 2.125 2.817 2.617 257 22.227

Total number of objects

(components, structures) in the

MiRadIs database

9.382 3.340 2.494 1.392 2.714 2.828 - 22.402

JRC Situation

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MIRADIS Database:

• 1. Physical characterization - structural

survey (22.400 objects)

• 2. Characterization of hazardous materials

• 3. Radiological pre-characterization (470.000 radiometric values)

MiRadIs Structures

WITS Waste Tracking and System Information

JRC Situation

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JRC Situation

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𝑛

𝑖=1

≤ 1.0

JRC Situation

2008 2012


𝑛

𝑖=1

≤ 1.0

44

JRC Situation

𝒄𝒊𝒄𝑳𝒊

𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎


𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎


𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎 𝒄𝒊𝒄𝑳𝒊

𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎


𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎


𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎


𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎


𝒏

𝒊=𝟏

≤ 𝟏. 𝟎

45

JRC Situation

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THANK YOU

FOR YOUR KIND

ATTENTION!

47

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Documents

Waste management and clearance: JRC approach in … · 2 Giovanni Macchi Clearance Coordinator European Commission Joint Research Centre Nuclear Decommissioning Unit Via E. Fermi