Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020...The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020 The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020 9 Objectives and ambitions

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Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

2 The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

The waste management plan for Stockholm 2017−2020 sets the agenda for the development and organisation of waste management in Stockholm over the next four years. The management of waste needs to be tailored for a city that is growing in size and density. It needs to be arranged with the good of the residents of Stockholm and the environ-ment foremost.

Stockholm's waste management should focus on climate smart choices and efficient logistics. Areas for waste management need to be integrated and shared with other activities where new housing, business premises, schools and roads are being built. Waste systems are to be secure, safe and accessible, at the same time as they encourage reuse and recovery.

The EU waste hierarchy forms the point of departure for the waste management plan. Compared with the past there will be more of a focus on preventing the production of waste and promoting reuse. Waste that is produced is to be recovered in the best possible manner; increased food waste collection is one of the main objectives of the waste plan for example. The waste management plan also addresses objectives and action to counter litter in the urban environment,in the city's bodies of water and on its shoreline.

The waste management plan affects everyone who lives and works in Stockholm. We can all help in our own way to make waste management in the city work in the best possible fashion. Communication and coop-eration initiatives can create the conditions needed for the commitment and effort required to fulfil the objectives of the waste management plan.

Foreword

Krister SchultzManaging Director

3The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020 The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

The waste management regulation for the City of Stockholm is divided into three publications:

• The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

• Annexes to the Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

• Regulations for waste management for the City of Stockholm

The waste management plan details the state of waste management in Stockholm today along with plans for the future. Objectives, subsidiary objectives and the actions needed are also set out. The annexes contain background information about the waste management plan.

The regulations contain local provisions on the collection and handling of household and similar waste, lines of responsibility, collection intervals, equipment and so on. Provisions regarding the review of exemptions to the regulations are also set out here.

These publications can be easily downloaded or printed from www.svoa.se/renhallningsordning

The three parts of the municipal waste management regulation

Introduction .........................................................................................................................7Overview .............................................................................................................................8Our challenges .....................................................................................................................8

Objectives and ambitions ................................................................................................9Preparation and implementation ..............................................................................................9Follow-up and status review ....................................................................................................9The consequences of the implementation of the waste management plan ....................................10

An in-depth look at certain areas .................................................................................10The future development of waste streams ................................................................................10Incentives and infrastructure ..................................................................................................12The collection of packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper ...................................................13The prevention of waste .......................................................................................................14Communication ...................................................................................................................15

Objective 1Waste from those who live and work in the city is to decrease, and the waste that is produced is to be dealt with in a resource-efficient manner .............................17

Description .........................................................................................................................18Vision for 2040 ..................................................................................................................18

Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan .......................................................191.1 City residents and businesses must know how to reduce the amount of waste they produce ...191.2 Waste is to be prevented and a greater proportion of products and materials are to be reused .............................................................................................201.3 More material is to be separated for recovery ..................................................................201.4 The prevention, reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste is to increase ........211.5 The amount of textile in household waste is to be reduced .................................................221.6 At least 70% of food waste is to be collected for anaerobic digestion for biogas production and nutrient recovery ...........................................................................231.7 At least 40% of the phosphorus in wastewater is to be collected and returned to arable land as fertiliser .........................................................241.8 Littering in the urban environment is to decrease ...............................................................251.9 The occurrence of litter in the marine environment is to be reduced .....................................26

Contents

Objective 2Waste that could be harmful to humans or the environment is to be prevented and managed safely .....29


Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan .......................................................312.1 City residents are to be made more aware of what constitutes hazardous waste and where to dispose of it ....................................................................................................312.2 The proportion of hazardous waste and waste from electrical and electronic equipment in the household rubbish bag is to be less than 0.3% with a downward trend .............322.3 Hazardous construction and demolition waste is to be managed properly ...........................33

Objective 3Waste management is to be adapted for people .........................................................................35


Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan .......................................................373.1 Communication is to increase awareness and motivation with regard to waste management .373.2 Waste management systems are to be straightforward, accessible and secure .....................373.3 Waste management systems are to provide a good work environment ................................383.4 It must be easier to dispose of waste for reuse and recycling without a car ..........................39

Objective 4Waste management is to be a natural part of the city's physical planning ......................................41


Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan .......................................................434.1 Waste issues are to be taken into account at the initial planning stages of new construction and refurbishment ...................................................................................434.2 To deal with increasing urban density, end-to-end solutions, covering both the new and existing built environment, are to be considered ...............................444.3 It must be possible to use land in the city for waste-related activities ....................................444.4 Increased account is to be taken of the surrounding environment in the collection of waste ....454.5 New technical solutions are to be tested and the development of collection and handling systems is to continue .......................................................................................46

Glossary and definitions ................................................................................................48

List of annexes ..................................................................................................................50

The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

7The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

Introduction

8 The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020 The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

Overview

Our challenges

The purpose of the waste management plan is to have a strategy for the work of the City of Stockholm and other actors working with waste – in planning new areas, reviewing building permits and super-vising environmentally hazardous activities, as well as determining how residents, businesses and other organisations should manage their waste.

The plan focuses on household waste, in other words waste arising in households and similar waste from businesses. But it also contains objectives relating to other waste.

Waste management is an important part of society’s infrastructure and involves and affects many people. The Environmental Code therefore requires all munici-palities to have a waste management plan, covering all waste - both the waste the municipality is responsible for and other types of waste. The waste management plan must describe the long-term objectives and meas-ures planned by the municipality to reduce the volume and hazard inherent in waste, and to provide informa-tion about all waste generated in the municipality.

The waste management plan makes up one part of the municipal waste management regulations while the other part consists of the provisions. The two parts of the plan may be updated at different times.

Stockholm is one of the five fastest growing regions in Europe. More and more people are choosing to move to Stockholm at the same time as we are living longer and more children are being born. This places considerable demands on clear and long-term approaches to the planning of waste management and other infrastructure. In 2020 the City of Stockholm is expected to have just over one million inhabitants. The steadily growing population means an increase in the requirement for adequate space in which to han-dle waste from households and businesses; including household waste, bulky waste, hazardous waste and packaging. The rise in population and density of the city also lead to greater competition for available land and increased traffic levels.

The volume of waste generated is expected to rise with the population. At the start of the 20th century Swedes threw away an average of 25–30 kg waste per year; today that figure has risen to 500 kg. Reducing this volume of waste and providing acces-sible, environmentally sound and cost-effective waste management along with a good work environment poses a major challenge.

Waste management is governed and steered by legislation, planning and strategy at the local, re-gional, national and EU level. These are detailed in Annex 7. Any changes to waste management legislation may have an impact on the waste management plan. Above all if responsibility for the collection of packaging and newsprint changes.

500 kg waste thrown away per person every year


Objectives and ambitionsThe waste management plan contains four primary objectives. A vision for 2040 is presented under each objective. These visions aim to achieve the long-term objectives in Vision 2040 - A Stockholm for Everyone.

The four primary objectives have been broken down into more detailed subsidiary objectives for the plan period, 2017–2020. Actions are associated with the subsidiary objectives; their purpose is to help in meeting the objectives. The objectives are linked to the Stockholm Environment Programme 2016–2019.

Preparation and implementationThe waste management plan for 2017–2020 is largely a revision of the previous plan. The four pri-mary objectives remain in place, albeit with slightly reworked text. In the process of drawing up objectives and guidelines for the waste management plan, a dialogue has been held with the public administrative bodies and companies that expressed an interest in taking part at an early stage. The proposal was then published so that all parties affected by the waste man-agement plan could submit their comments. Relevant views were then incorporated into the final document.

The regulations of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency governing the content of a waste management plan were followed in the work prepar-ing the plan. The applicable Swedish Environmental Protection Agency regulations were under revision during the same period as the waste management plan was being drawn up. Because of this Stockholm Vatten och Avfall has tried to include items in the waste management plan that may apply in the future.

An environmental assessment of the waste management plan has been undertaken according to the Swedish

Environmental Code Chapter 6, Sections 11–18, and a social impact assessment of the waste management plan has been carried out in the context of looking forward to the city's Vision 2040 – A Stockholm for Everyone. The social impact assessment is intended for use as a basis for continued work on the subsidiary objectives closer to the city's residents.

The City of Stockholm's environment programme and waste management plan are heading in the same direction. Actions that are the same in both documents are marked (the environment programme).

The Stockholm Board of Waste is responsible for drawing up the waste management plan. The subsidi-ary objectives detail what Stockholm Vatten och Avfall will do to fulfil them. In some cases what the Traffic Administration Office and City District Administrations will do is also detailed. Where other public bodies and companies have jurisdiction it is important that the subsidiary objectives be incorporated into each operational plan and followed up in annual reports.

Follow-up and status reviewTo assess how well the objectives of the waste man-agement plan will be fulfilled, continuous follow-up is necessary. In this way it is also possible to see at an early stage whether there is a need for greater re-sources or a different approach in a particular area.

Under each subsidiary objective there is a brief description of who is responsible for follow-up, and which key indicators are to be followed up. Most key indicators are not quantified. This may be due to the

city not being able to control the outcome, or because a description and analysis of the degree to which the objective will be achieved or not provides a better picture. Some of the subsidiary objectives are followed up in the city's integrated management system, ILS, and will also be shown in the environmental barometer on the city's website. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall has overall responsibility for the follow-up of the waste management plan. An in-depth status review will be carried out halfway through the period of the plan.


The consequences of the implementation of the waste management planThe waste management plan is to contribute to a positive development for those who live and work in the city and for its environment. The plan’s envi-ronmental impact assessment (Annex 8) assesses its effect on the environment compared to a zero alternative. Some of the measures proposed in the

plan may mean increased costs, both for the City of Stockholm, property owners and other stakeholders. However, these increases should be compared to the costs arising in the absence of planning and control, from the perspective of the individual and society.

An in-depth look at certain areasThe future development of waste streamsDevelopment of volumesBased on the waste volumes and population growth in the period 2006 to 2015 a forecast of the total volume of waste from households in the city has been made for the years 2020 and 2026. The total

Table 1. Development – collected volume of waste, tonnes per annum

volume of waste from households is predicted to in-crease to 460,000 tonnes in 2020 and to just over 480,000 tonnes in 2026. However, the volume of waste per resident is calculated to decrease to 452 kg in 2020 and 424 kg in 2026.

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015 2020 2026

Residual waste 235,205 234,112 234,074 234,518 230,569 229,348 188,774 200,597

Food waste 2,925 3,192 6,409 9,953 14,495 16,019 66,677 67,503

Bulky waste 134,096 149,589 141,219 130,938 145,827 137,036 143,391 151,406

Packaging material 74,981 75,357 71,188 65,147 60,776 58,154 60,851 64,252

Total amount 447,207 462,250 452,890 440,556 451,667 440,557 459,692 483,759

Inhabitants 782,885 810,120 847,043 881,235 911,989 923,516 1,016,142 1,139,637

kg/inhabitant 571 571 535 500 495 477 452 424


Residual wasteOver the past ten years the volume of residual waste has been relatively constant, 230,000 tonnes a year, despite the increase in population. This can be assumed to be the result of factors such as the increased separation of packaging material, news-print and food waste. The increased separation of food waste is expected to lead to a reduction in the volume of residual waste.

Food wasteFrom now until 2026 a sharp increase in the volume of food waste going to biological processing is planned. The city's target is for 70% of the available food waste to be collected by 2020; this corre-sponds to just over 66,000 tonnes.

Bulky wasteThe city's target is to increase the collection of sepa-rated bulky waste. Today almost 30 different types of waste are collected and within ten years this could be up to 35 waste fractions.

As a total the amount of bulky waste collected at recycling centres and by waste collection contractors has increased somewhat, from 134,000 tonnes in 2006 to 137,000 tonnes in 2015. Changes in the types of waste received by the recycling centres can affect the volumes.

The city has no entry control system at the recycling centres. So the volume of waste includes some waste from the residents of neighbouring municipalities. Using some sort of future offset system between the municipalities in the region will probably reduce the city's volume of bulky waste.

Packaging material and newsprintThe total amount of packaging material and news-print is decreasing. The trend is for the volume of newsprint to decrease as newspapers transition to digital media. However, the volume of separated packaging is increasing.


Incentives and infrastructureTechnological development, higher levels of ambition and changes to regulations are some of the driving forces behind the change in waste management over time. The levels of work environment and envi-ronmental requirements are constantly being raised in society as a whole, and it is natural that waste management follows this trend, and in some cases leads it. Technical and organisational conditions need to be reviewed continuously to adapt them to political objectives and to changing lifestyles in society as a whole. At the same time the complexity of waste management and its close association with the building and urban planning processes means that continuity and long-termism are required in the initiatives taken in the area. The central role of waste management in the city's overall environmental activ-ities also means a responsibility and a platform from which to inform those who live and work in the city how they can reduce their environmental impact.

FeesThe design of the city's waste fees allows activities to be steered in the desired direction. Historically Stockholm has done a lot of work on designing the fees to disincentivise systems with a poor work envi-ronment and encourage environmentally sound and resource-efficient waste management. Examples of this include sharply increased fees for certain types of heavy collection requiring a lot of manual work such as compressed waste in bins and sacks, the introduc-tion of a weight charge and various forms of stimulus to promote food waste collection. The stated political will is for the city to continue to actively work with fees that steer the work environment and environment.

InfrastructureThe city's infrastructure and waste management systems are continuously developing, some gradually and in the long-term, while others can have more immediate causes and effects. Below are listed a number of developments that have been decided, are planned or are being examined.

BiocharA pilot plant for the production of biochar was built in 2016/2017. Biochar will be manufactured through the pyrolysis of residents' garden waste and

used in the city's plant beds and in gardens as an effective soil conditioner. Surplus energy from the manufacturing process in the form of gas will be used in district heating production. In this way carbon dioxide is being captured in an urban carbon sink, at the same time as the conditions for the growth of the city's trees and plants are improved and a climate positive surplus for district heating is created.

Sorting facility, pre-treatment and anaerobic digestionTo achieve the city's target of collecting 70% of available food waste by 2020 Stockholm Vatten och Avfall plans to build a sorting facility to separate food waste from the households in the city where the separate collection of food waste is not possible for various reasons. For the most part this applies to blocks of flats in the inner city. It is planned that the facility will be located next to the Fortum cogen-eration plant in Högdalen. In 2016 the preliminary design of the facility was started. The potential to separate packaging fractions (plastics, paper, metal and newsprint) is also being studied.

The separated food waste will be pre-treated and sent for anaerobic digestion. Biogas will be pro-duced and the digestate will be used as biofertiliser. Whatever cannot be sent for anaerobic digestion goes to incineration and becomes energy. Food waste from household waste disposal units goes directly to anaerobic digestion plants. An inventory is being made of the region's existing and planned capacity for the pre-treatment and anaerobic diges-tion of the city's food waste. Studies are also being undertaken into designing our own facility.

Resource-efficient and flexible systemsIn the city's environmental profile district, Norra Djurgårdsstaden, large-scale mechanical systems combined with kerbside solutions are being planned and implemented. This allows for systems that are as comprehensive and resource-efficient as possible with a good work environment and good accessi-bility. A stationary vacuum waste collection system is being built with three refuse chutes, and at a later stage with a built-in recording and weighing system so that it can be utilised optimally. Currently residual waste, plastic packaging and newsprint are handled


in each refuse chute respectively, but in the future one of the refuse chutes could take several packaging fractions in different coloured or marked bags. The fractions not suitable for collection by way of vacuum collection will be handled in source separation areas close to the property. Food waste collection through kitchen waste disposal units connected to tanks and continued studies and possible trials of separating sewerage systems, are planned for the future.

Responsibility and ownership structuresThe question of whether the City of Stockholm should be the body responsible for vacuum waste collec-tion facilities has been germane for a number of years; mainly because of the attention attracted by

the difficulties experienced by the City Development Administration, developers and property companies in the development of large and complex joint facili-ties and consortia for the construction of the vacuum waste collection facility in Norra Djurgårdsstaden. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall has been commissioned to study the issue in more detail with the aim of let-ting the city, through Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, take greater responsibility for the construction of new vacuum waste collection systems as well as existing systems where there has been a requirement for a stationary vacuum waste collection system included in the detailed development plan. A similar approach to that of vacuum waste collection systems can also be expected in the construction of large kitchen waste disposal to tank systems for food waste collection.

The collection of packaging and newsprint/recyclable paperCurrent statusAt present in Stockholm the approximately 250 re-cycling stations dominate as collection systems for packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper. It is also estimated that on average 30% of metal, plastic and paper packaging is collected by traditional kerbside collection, the majority from public housing. In the en-vironmental profile areas and in certain development areas there are already collection models in place (or planned) that are based on vacuum waste collection systems for some fractions and recycling rooms or the equivalent for the collection of the other waste.

The proportion of packaging and newsprint/recycla-ble paper in the household rubbish bag is still great; 30% for households without food waste collection and 17% for houses and the residents of blocks of flats with collection in bins and that have food waste collection.

Collaboration is underway between Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, the Traffic Administration Office and the Environment and Health Protection Adminis-tration to draw up a programme for waste manage-ment in public spaces. This includes separation at source in parks, using the popup concept for reuse, which also encompasses the collection of packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper.

The planned sorting facility in Högdalen is primarily for food waste from blocks of flats in the inner city;

but the potential for the separation of packaging is also being studied.

The futureIn 2015 the government decided to transfer the responsibility for collecting packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper to the municipalities. It was proposed that ownership of the material and liability for recovery remained with the producers. However, a majority in parliament were uncertain about this development and so no change in responsibility has taken place.

The transfer of the collection responsibility to the mu-nicipalities has the potential to result in a more easily accessible, transparent and coherent collection system than the current one, which should provide higher quality and a greater inflow of material. This would mean greater opportunities for the municipality

30% of the contents of the household rubbish bag will consist of packaging and newsprint in house-holds that do not yet have food waste collection


to jointly plan all waste management and increase the kerbside collection of packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper. Irrespective of where the respon-sibility for a future collection system will lie, there is great potential to improve management and systems through various forms of cooperation between munic-ipalities and producers.

Most realistic would be a number of locally tailored solutions for the collection of packaging and news-print/recyclable paper. And at the individual prop-erty level different solutions are also needed. The main emphasis is on the prioritisation of mechanical systems. Kerbside collection in bins (or the equiva-

lent) is used in locations where mechanical systems would not work. Vacuum waste collection systems can be adapted for the collection of packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper, and with optical sorting (collection in different coloured or marked bags) a number of collection systems can be used. The further development of mobile systems is also conceivable; particularly when account is taken of the competition for the shrinking volume of available public space.

A combination of information and easily accessible collection systems will prevent the production of pack-aging waste and newsprint/recyclable paper and promote increased separation, reuse and recycling.

The prevention of wasteSimply put the prevention of waste means reducing the volume and inherent hazard of waste. Making it more straightforward for Stockholm residents to dispose of material, products and objects they no longer need in their households, makes it easier and more achievable for Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, in partnership with charity organisations and businesses, to prevent the production of waste in the municipality in various ways.

Collection and reuse in the municipality's collection systemIn partnership with a number of actors, both private and charity organisations, the potential to dispose of products at the city's recycling centres has increased significantly in the past five years. Now residents in Stockholm can dispose of things such as furni-ture, books, clothes, household items, cycles and sports equipment that they no longer need for reuse. Collecting these products reduces the volume of waste in the municipality.

New collection systems have also been introduced that facilitate the handover of products for reuse. For example in December 2015 Stockholm's first reuse facility, the Roslagstull Reuse Centre in Vanadisberget was opened. The new facility highlights for the visitor that even if they do not need something any-more there are others who do. The new facility has reduced the volume of waste significantly for those

who visit it. Over the next few years more facilities of this type are planned in the municipality. Both in the inner city and in the suburbs.

In 2016 mobile reuse facilities were opened in locations where a lot of people pass through and where visitors have no need of a car. In future years Stockholm Vatten och Avfall will continue to develop mobile systems that can contribute to the prevention of waste.

The futureIn 2016 Stockholm Vatten och Avfall studied how the collection structure could further improve the potential for those who live and work in Stockholm to prevent waste. This is being planned through new physical locations where material and products can be reused, repurposed, mended and, if necessary, replaced. The study will largely form the basis of how waste management (mainly bulky waste) will be procured during the period of this waste manage-ment plan.

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall is providing various types of information and undertaking communication initiatives to increase the awareness of the city's residents of the importance to the environment and economy of conscious consumption. This applies to food and food waste as well as other types of prod-uct and waste.


CommunicationThe basis for all communication is to support the vision of the City of Stockholm – A Stockholm for Everyone. The objective of communication linked to the waste management plan is for Stockholm residents and businesses to move upwards in the waste hierarchy.

Stockholm Vatten och AvfallStockholm Vatten och Avfall bases its communication about waste around partnership, message and education. In practice this will generate a number of different communication initiatives tailored for sepa-rate target groups.

A priority over the next year is to communicate the content of the waste management plan to the city's businesses so that together with the residents of Stockholm we will be able to fulfil the plan's objec-tives and the city's vision.

The basis for all communication is to support the vision of the City of Stockholm – A Stockholm for Everyone

Objective 1Waste from those who live and work in the city is to decrease, and the waste that is produced is to be dealt with in a resource-efficient manner


DescriptionThe City of Stockholm is endeavouring to move waste upwards in the EU waste hierarchy, commonly known as the waste ladder, see Figure 1.

Resource management generally increases the fur-ther one goes up the waste hierarchy. Reducing the amount of waste is a major and important challenge in our environmental work. If this is not possible, the waste should be re-used, recycled or recovered as energy. As a last option it goes to landfill.

The amount of waste created in a society is gov-erned by many different factors and partly depends on the state of the economy. The link between economic growth and the increased generation of waste needs to be broken. This is conditional on resources being utilised more efficiently, patterns of consumption being changed and the life cycle of products being extended.

Today municipalities have few tools to directly influ-ence waste streams. However, within its own activi-ties the City of Stockholm can play an important role in setting an example and reducing its own waste.

By collecting and treating food waste separately, instead of sending it with household waste for

incineration, biogas can be extracted and used as vehicle fuel, replacing fossil fuels in buses, refuse-collection vehicles and cars. In addition a nutrient-rich digestate is obtained; this can be used as fertiliser on arable land replacing chemical fer-tilisers which use a lot of energy to produce and in some cases are a finite resource. Food waste is an important resource that, with separate collection and treatment, will contribute both to fulfilling the city's ambitious climate objectives and to linking the nutri-ent recovery cycle between town and country.

The recycling step in the waste hierarchy also relates to packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper. Improving opportunities for households to dispose of packaging and newsprint/recyclable paper for kerbside collection can contribute to better waste separation. There are additional fractions in both residual waste and bulky waste which could be separated and recycled.

To enable an increase in the quantity of waste that can be utilised there is a need for adequate treat-ment capacity in the region and a strong aftermarket for each type of waste.

Vision for 2040Conscious production and consumption means the generation of lower volumes of waste and a breaking

of trend towards increasing volumes. All waste should be dealt with in the most resource-efficient manner.

DISPOSALWaste that cannot be recovered or reused.

ENERGY RECOVERYCombustible waste is recovered through incineration to provide heat and electricity.

RECYCLINGPackaging, newsprint and other materials can be recycled and made into new products. Food waste can also be recycled making biogas or biofertiliser.

REUSEProducts can often be repaired or change hands instead of being discarded. What do you do?

PREVENTIONThe volume of waste can be reduced by conscious consumption. Think before you buy!

Figure 1. EU waste hierarchy


Overall objective: Less than 250 kg food and residual waste per person and year by the

end of 2020.

Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan1.1 City residents and businesses must know how to reduce the amount of waste they produce

DescriptionTo reduce the volume of waste in Stockholm action is needed on many fronts. We need to think differently, viewing our consumption from a wider perspective. There is often money to be saved.

ActorsThe public bodies and companies of the City of Stockholm. Goods producers. Trade organisations.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Provide information about reuse and prevention

to those who live and work in the city (the envi-ronment programme)

• Communicate the importance of reducing food wastage

• Develop educational activities, through partner-ships among other things

Examples of what other actors can do• Information initiatives related to the reuse and

prevention of waste for both residents and businesses

• A dialogue between stakeholders in the City of Stockholm regarding how work on reuse and prevention is to be implemented and developed

Follow-up and key indicatorsUser surveys and campaign metrics (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)Volume per person and year (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall's statistics)


1.2 Waste is to be prevented and a greater proportion of products and materials are to be reused

DescriptionOften both the production of new goods and their associated waste have a negative environmental impact. In a circular economy the ecocycle approach means that a product at the end of its life can be used again in new production. This generates a smaller volume of waste and creates new value. Conscious production and consumption can make this possible. Disposable materials should only be used if necessary.

The reuse of household waste is to increase, by stimulating reuse and careful consideration before scrapping products, and also through accessible collection systems.

ActorsAll waste holders and producers of goods and mate-rials. The city has a responsibility to lead the way.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Steer the customers of recycling centres towards

reuse in the first instance

• Collaborate with actors that accept used products to stimulate reuse

• Continue with the differentiation of waste fees in order to incentivise increased waste sepa-ration and waste prevention (the environment programme)

• Develop systems for accepting and managing material for reuse

Examples of what other actors can do• Create conditions for reuse

• When purchasing and procuring goods, mate-rials and services plan to reduce the incidence of waste; this applies to all actors especially the city (the environment programme)

• In as far as it is possible products and equipment no longer used are to be reused (the environment programme)

Follow-up and key indicatorsThe number of subscribers paying a weight fee com-pared to a volume fee (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall) Statistics of how much is handed over for reuse in the city's collection systems (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

1.3 More material is to be separated for recovery

DescriptionToday most of household waste in Stockholm is incinerated for energy recovery. While packaging and newsprint is separated a large proportion still ends up in the household rubbish bag or with bulky waste. The objective is to increase the separation of materials for which there are already rules and systems (e.g. food waste, packaging and newsprint), but also whether new fractions can be relevant in the future in order to increase the resource efficiency in waste management (textiles for example).

ActorsThe City of Stockholm, producers and property own-ers create the necessary conditions. Waste holders have a responsibility to separate and to use the col-lection systems.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Study the feasibility of introducing the optical sort-

ing of fractions that have been separated at source

• Develop educational activities, through partner-ships among other things

• Persuade city residents and businesses through communication to recycle waste


• Find new fractions that can be separated for recycling

• Together with affected actors develop collection systems for fractions that have been separated at source

Examples of what other actors can do• All of the city's galley kitchens where there is

packaging and newspapers are to have separa-tion facilities (the environment programme)

• Reuse excavated material to avoid the extraction of unused natural resources and reduce the need to transport excavated material

• Property owners should create separation facil-ities for those who live and work in Stockholm and provide information about these facilities

• Reduce the proportion of packaging and news-print thrown away in the household rubbish bag

Follow-up and key indicatorsWaste component analyses (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall). Environmental programme follow-up (ILS)Volume statistics (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, City Development Administration)

1.4 The prevention, reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste is to increase

DescriptionOne of the targets of the EU Directive on Waste is for the reuse and recycling of non-hazardous con-struction and demolition waste to be at least 70% in 2020. There is also great potential, through good planning at building sites, to reduce the proportion of materials that needs to be scrapped. There are no aggregated statistics for this area.

ActorsDevelopers, contractors, property owners, the City Planning Administration, Stockholm Environment and Health Protection Administration, City Development Administration, Traffic Administration Office, Property Management Administration, etc.

Examples of what the City of Stockholm and other actors can do

• Impose requirements on construction and demolition contractors to recover material to the greatest possible extent, at the same time as waste that is hazardous and harmful to the environment is dealt with properly

• Review the potential to reuse materials from demolition and renovation

• Supervise the management of construction and demolition waste

• Increase the City of Stockholm's awareness by making an inventory of the waste streams in se-lected new construction and refurbishment projects

• Impose clear requirements regarding waste man-agement in building and demolition permits, and following up on compliance

• Endeavour to ensure effective management of construction materials and construction waste in new construction and refurbishment projects in the city

• The waste material generated during construction is to be minimised (the environment programme)

• Produce good, concrete examples to show how the subsidiary objective can be achieved

Follow-up and key indicatorsA description of how the work has been developed to achieve the subsidiary objective (the Development Administration, the Environment and Health Protec-tion Administration, the City Planning Administration)

70% of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste is to be reused or recycled by 2020


1.5 The amount of textile in household waste is to be reduced

DescriptionTextiles are a type of waste that up to now largely mirrors unsustainable consumption. The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has found that approximately eight kilos of clothes and household textiles are thrown away per person and year1.

ActorsHouseholds, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, textile producers.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do • Communicate to households how they can

reuse and recycle their textiles and how the environment benefits from this

1 Source: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency report Swedish Consumption and the Global Environment, 2010

• Supply and develop systems for the reception, reuse and recycling of textiles

• Collaborate with other actors in order to find new business models

Examples of what the city can do• The city is to promote textiles being dealt with

resource-efficiently (the environment programme)

Follow-up and key indicators Waste component analyses (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)Volume statistics; volumes collected by the city's collection systems (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)


1.6 At least 70% of food waste is to be collected for anaerobic digestion for biogas production and nutrient recovery

DescriptionThe city has raised its ambition regarding food waste collection; this will require a number of different measures if it is to be realised. A project unit in Stockholm Vatten och Avfall is working exclusively on the initiatives needed to meet the objective. The work includes a great many of communication and outreach activities. Waste fees are an important policy instrument.

ActorsThe City of Stockholm, restaurants and other businesses, property owners and households.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Increase the awareness of city residents regard-

ing the significance of food wastage to the envi-ronment and the economy

• Increase the awareness of city residents regard-ing the significance of food waste collection to the environment and the economy. In other words the food waste that is generated anyway should be collected and biologically processed into biogas and biofertiliser

• Educate school kitchens, kindergarten kitchens and municipal catering kitchens about the impor-tance of preventing food wastage and how best to deal with the food waste generated

• Follow the existing food waste collection strategy

• Introduce technical systems that allow the collection of food waste from all of the city's households. Optical sorting for example, allowing food waste collection using existing systems, even where the separate collection of food waste is not possible

Examples of what other actors can do• The city's businesses should minimise their food

wastage (the environment programme)

• All of the city's businesses are to separate their food waste and send it for biological processing (the environment programme)

• Catered events are to have food waste collection

• Property owners and businesses are to introduce food waste collection where this is possible

• Introduce the separation of food waste in public spaces

• When planning the new build of housing and municipal buildings include food waste collec-tion - from kitchen to collection

Follow-up and key indicatorsThe volume of food waste collected (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)The volume of food waste per person (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)Waste component analyses (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

All of the city's businesses are to separate their food waste and send it for biological processing


1.7 At least 40% of the phosphorus in wastewater is to be collected and returned to arable land as fertiliser

DescriptionThe Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's pro-posed milestone reads:

• By 2018 at the latest at least 40% of the phos-phorous and 10% of the nitrogen in wastewater will be utilised and recycled as nutrients for arable land without entailing exposure to pollut-ants that pose the risk of harming people or the environment.

However, this milestone has not yet been adopted.

In 2015 about 76,000 tonnes of sludge was produced at the wastewater treatment plants of Stockholm Vatten och Avfall. Of this 14,200 tonnes from the Bromma wastewater treatment plant was used on arable land. This corresponds to 19% of total sludge production.

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall's ambition for sewage sludge should at least be in line with the national target. Our ability to meet this target depends on the quality of the sludge, external requirements and commercial factors. The ecocycle-based use of the sludge necessitates very low levels of pollutants and a general acceptance that the sludge will be utilised on arable land, but there is interest from farmers. One important waste-related measure to improve the quality of the sludge is to act to ensure that waste containing hazardous waste, such as pharmaceutical residue, is handled properly.

In order to return sludge to arable land the sludge must meet the requirements in the proposed sludge regulation and the Revaq certification system. The sludge contains only about seven percent of incom-ing nitrogen. If ten percent of the nitrogen is to be returned measures over and above slurry spreading will be needed.

ActorsStockholm Vatten och Avfall and farming organisa-tions. In addition, households and businesses have a responsibility for ensuring that hazardous substances do not end up in wastewater.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Continue with measures to improve sludge

quality, particularly with regard to cadmium, silver and copper

• Continue the dialogue with farming organisations and other stakeholders regarding the use of sludge on arable land

• Set aside more sludge for use on arable land

• Study and potentially undertake trials on the separate handling of sewage for separate sludge digestion

• Continue work on the separate collection of hazardous waste and pharmaceutical waste

• Study treatment methods allowing the extraction of phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater or sludge

Examples of what other actors can do• Increase the awareness of households and other

businesses regarding what can be put down the drain

• Take measures in accordance with the Environ-mental Protection Agency report on the sustaina-ble recycling of phosphorous and examples from the National Board of Housing Building and Planning (Boverket) with regard to copper in tap water systems

• Increase the potential for the storage of sludge

Follow-up and key indicatorsThe proportion of sludge spread on arable land (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

More sludge is to be set aside for use on arable land


1.8 Littering in the urban environment is to decrease

DescriptionApart from looking dismal, litter strewn areas can create a feeling of insecurity. The City of Stockholm has made active efforts to reduce litter in the streets, squares, parks and green spaces. Remedial meas-ures include expanding litter collection and changing public attitudes and behaviour with regard to litter us-ing campaigns and communication. New collection systems are being tested and street cleaning takes place when people can see it happening.

ActorsThe Traffic Administration Office, City District Admin-istrations, property owners and housing companies, shopping centre owners and businesses, Stockholm Transport (SL), the Keep Sweden Tidy Foundation, event organisers and others. Households, visitors and people who work in the city.

What will the Traffic Administration Office do• Increase cleaning activities

• Clean more when people can see it happening

• Meet the city's cleaning guarantees that state that cleaning, the emptying of litter bins and the removal of graffiti is to take place within 24 hours of it being reported

• Carry out litter picking through the Stockholm hosts organisation

• Offer litter picking work to young people in the summer holidays

• Increase collaboration between affected parties such as businesses, housing companies and shopping centre owners

• Initiate new partnerships and initiatives for a cleaner and more secure urban environment in the small shopping centres in the suburbs

• Communicate the work of the office in keeping the city clean and countering litter


• Communicate the office's message that litter is the joint responsibility of the individual and the city

• Replace existing litter bins with litter bins with integrated ashtrays

• Provide the potential to separate waste at source in public spaces

• Arrange annual Litter Picking Days together with the Keep Sweden Tidy Foundation

• Use climate smart alternatives in waste management

• Draw up a programme for waste manage-ment in the city's public spaces together with Stockholm Vatten och Avfall and the Environment and Health Protection Administration

What will the City District Administrations do• Ensure that parks and green spaces in the city

are perceived as clean, well-tended, secure and accessible

• Maintain a high standard in the district playgrounds keeping them free of litter

• Help with the potential to separate waste at source in public spaces

• Communicate the work involved in keeping the districts clean and countering litter

• Use climate smart alternatives in waste management

Examples of what other actors can do• Households have a responsibility not to use the

city's public litter bins for household waste

• Everyone who lives in, visits or works in Stockholm has a responsibility not to litter and to use litter bins provided by the city and other actors

• Everyone who lives in, visits or works in Stockholm is encouraged to report littering, full litter bins and other problems in the urban environment using the Tyck Till app or the City of Stockholm website

• Businesses such as property owners, shopping centre owners, traders and others are encour-aged to install ashtrays outside entrances and staff entrances in order to reduce the number of cigarette ends in the city's pavements

• Event organisers have a responsibility to clean the event space and the area surrounding it, even when the event extends over several days. When the event is over the area must be returned to its original condition

Follow-up and key indicatorsLitter metrics (the Traffic Administration Office)Citizen surveys (Stockholm Environment and Health Protection Administration)Urban environment surveys (City Executive Board)

1.9 The occurrence of litter in the marine environment is to be reduced

DescriptionMarine litter is a major environmental problem and Stockholm has a long shoreline along both the Baltic and Lake Mälaren. Most of the marine litter comes from land, and over half of it is plastic2. So the link to the waste management plan's subsidiary objective 1.8 is clear. The city's measures to reduce littering include expanding litter collection, and changing public attitudes and behaviour with regard to litter using campaigns and communication.

2 Source: Keep Sweden Tidy Foundation

Over 50% of marine litter is plastic

Stockholms Hamn AB is carrying out a contract on behalf of the Traffic Administration Office; this covers the continuous cleaning of the waters and shoreline of central Stockholm.


ActorsStockholm Vatten och Avfall, the Traffic Administration Office, City District Administrations, Stockholms Hamn AB, SL and event organisers etc.

What will the City of Stockholm do• Make an inventory of the danger areas where

rubbish from land risks ending up in the sea and take measures to prevent this from happening

• Identify sources of marine litter in order to take preventive action

• Further develop the Traffic Administration Office’s litter action plan

• Continue work on activities and communication aimed at the public regarding attitudes to litter

• Develop partnerships between various actors

Examples of what other actors can do• Everyone who lives in, visits or works in Stockholm

has a responsibility not to litter and to use litter bins provided by the city and other actors

Follow-up and key indicatorsLitter metrics gathered from land, water and shoreline (the Traffic Administration Office and other actors)Citizen surveys (Stockholm Environment and Health Protection Administration)Urban environment surveys (City Executive Board)The volume of waste cleaned up from the city's waters and shoreline (Stockholms Hamn AB)


Objective 2Waste that could be harmful to humans or the environment is to be prevented and managed safely


DescriptionIn this case harmful waste means waste classified as hazardous in the Waste Ordinance and other waste that, based on its content or characteristics, may cause harm to humans or the environment. Examples include waste oil, leftover paint, waste from electrical and electronic equipment, used batteries and phar-maceutical waste.

To reduce the impact on human health and the environ-ment and to prevent any interference with waste and wastewater treatment, it is important to reduce the quan-tity of hazardous waste generated and increase the pro-portion collected and dealt with properly. When buying chemicals and products avoid hazardous substances in as far as it is possible. The City of Stockholm's Chemical Action Plan 2014–2019 constitutes an important instru-ment regarding work in this field.

To prevent the release of hazardous substances into the environment, hazardous waste is to be separated before any other waste is processed. For example, hazardous substances can be released in smoke from waste incineration, through leachates from landfill or with wastewater and sludge from sewage treatment plants. The proper separation of hazardous waste is also essential for recycling other types of waste.

Important parameters for minimising the impact of hazardous substances, as well as obtaining waste that is suitable for recycling, are:

• Products with a low content of harmful substanc-es, and products designed to make it easier to deal with these substances separately when the product is scrapped

• Knowledge and awareness among consumers of what hazardous and harmful waste is, how it can be avoided, and how it should be managed, as well as the importance of taking responsibility for it

Vision for 2040All waste containing substances harmful to people or the environment is managed in separate waste streams, and none of it ends up in the household rub-bish bag or wastewater. Products have a minimum amount of harmful substances and are designed to make the separate management of these substanc-

es easier the day the product becomes waste. The awareness is high among private individuals and businesses, and everyone takes responsibility for managing hazardous and harmful waste properly. The systems for the collection and reception of this type of waste are well developed.

• Safe and easily accessible systems for the collection of hazardous waste, from both households and businesses

• Safe and reliable systems for the management and final disposal of waste

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall is working purposefully to improve the collection of hazardous waste from households. Most of those living in single family dwellings are satisfied with the potential to dispose of hazardous waste, but almost 30% of those living in blocks of flats are less than satisfied or not at all satisfied. More work is needed.

Hazardous waste from businesses lies outside the municipality's responsibility for collection. However, small businesses may currently find it difficult to prop-erly dispose of their hazardous waste.

Waste from electrical and electronic equipment is one type of harmful waste. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment is a producer responsibili-ty; this means that the person who buys the item pays a fee for its collection and treatment. The individual disposing of waste is obliged to separate waste from electrical and electronic equipment so that it can be dealt with and recycled properly. One objective in the national waste management plan is to increase the collection of waste from electrical and electronic equipment for recycling, particularly for small items. Our use of electrical products has increased over the years, and many products are superseded by new, more up-to-date products before the old product has reached the end of its useful life. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall sees a somewhat reduced proportion of waste from electrical and electronic equipment in the household rubbish bag.


Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan2.1 City residents are to be made more aware of what constitutes hazardous waste and where to dispose of it

DescriptionTo increase the proportion of hazardous and waste from electrical and electronic equipment collected and dealt with properly, it is important that the waste holder is very aware of what hazardous waste is, how to deal with it and where to dispose of it.

ActorsStockholm Vatten och Avfall has overall responsibility for hazardous household waste and communications with regard to it. Waste from electrical and electron-ic equipment is a producer responsibility and the El-kretsen organisation is responsible for informing households. Property owners are responsible for ten-ants receiving information about how waste manage-ment is dealt with in the property. Households have a responsibility to keep themselves informed and take responsibility for their hazardous waste.


2.2 The proportion of hazardous waste and waste from electrical and electronic equipment in the household rubbish bag is to be less than 0.3% with a downward trend

DescriptionWaste component analyses show that relatively little hazardous waste ends up in the household rubbish bag, but it is important that it does not end up in wastewater or elsewhere.

There is producer responsibility for waste from electri-cal and electronic equipment, batteries and pharma-ceutical products. The municipality is responsible for other hazardous household waste. Businesses have the responsibility to ensure their hazardous waste is dealt with in a sound manner with regard to public health and the environment.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Increase the awareness of the general public

and companies about what is classed hazard-ous waste, how it is sorted and where it should be handed in (the environment programme)

• Continuously communicate about what constitutes hazardous waste and where it should be handed in

• Continuously communicate about what consti-tutes waste from electrical and electronic equip-ment and where it should be handed in

Examples of what other actors can do• The city's businesses are to control what haz-

ardous waste is generated and ensure that its handling, removal and disposal are carried out properly (the environment programme)

• Shops that accept waste from electrical and electronic equipment should be clearer with their customers about the ability of households to hand that waste in at the shop

• Property owners are to inform their tenants about where they can leave their hazardous waste

Follow-up and key indicatorsUser surveys and campaign metrics (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)Citizen surveys (Stockholm Environment and Health Protection Administration)

ActorsThe City of Stockholm, producers, businesses, property owners and households.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Improve the ability of the city's residents to

dispose of their hazardous waste in one of the city's systems (the environment programme)

• Continue to develop the collection of hazardous waste and waste from electrical and electronic equipment

Examples of what other actors can do• Improve the ability of businesses to dispose

of small volumes of hazardous waste

Follow-up and key indicatorsThe proportion of hazardous waste and waste from electrical and electronic equipment in the household rubbish bag through waste component analyses (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

Relatively little hazardous waste ends up in the household rubbish bag


2.3 Hazardous construction and demolition waste is to be managed properly

DescriptionAccording to waste statistics, the construction and demolition sector generates significant quantities of hazardous waste. This is also designated a priority area in the national waste management plan.

ActorsDevelopers and contractors are responsible for the hazardous waste arising from their activities.

The Stockholm Environment and Health Protection Administration has regulatory responsibility and it monitors and informs businesses about the management of hazardous waste and waste from electrical and electronic equipment.

Examples of what the City of Stockholm and other actors can do

• Extend the collaboration between the city, devel-opers and contractors to create the capacity to separate hazardous waste

• Set clear requirements on the management of hazardous waste in areas of new construction within the city

• Set clear requirements on the management of haz-ardous waste in building and demolition permits

• Highlight best practice• Draw up collaborative procedures for the public

administrative bodies regarding demolition per-mits and inspection

• Follow up compliance with the specified requirements

Follow-up and key indicatorsA description of how the work has been developed to achieve the subsidiary objective (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, the Environment & Health Protection Administration)


Objective 3 Waste management is to be adapted for people

DescriptionThe waste management system is to work well for all of the individuals involved. The entire management chain is to be characterised by a good work, consid-eration for the surrounding environment and for the individuals disposing of waste; from when the waste is generated by way of collection to final disposal and treatment. The three elements addressed as part of this objective are:

• Knowledge and understanding

• Accessibility and usability

• Work environment

Everyone who lives and works in the city is responsi-ble for making waste management work well at their respective level. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall is respon-sible for ensuring that the systems are understandable and work comprehensively. For some types of waste, the producers are responsible for the collection sys-tems. Property owners are responsible for ensuring that there is an effective and easily accessible waste management system in their properties.

In as far as is reasonable account must be taken of the fact that we are all different, and that special requirements may exist.

Vision for 2040The city has straightforward and easily accessible systems for waste management, which encourage reuse and recycling. Those who live and work in the city and those who manage waste, are familiar with the importance of proper management and feel

responsible for their link in the chain. All collection and management takes place safely and in a good work environment. Waste management is integrated with other stakeholders in the urban environment.


Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan3.1 Communication is to increase awareness and motivation with regard to waste management

DescriptionCommunication is one of the fundamental require-ments if the residents of Stockholm are to sort their waste properly. Communication is to be accessible and feedback is an important factor for motivation.

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall provides information about the management of household waste as a whole. Property owners are responsible for informing their tenants about how waste is to be managed in the property.

ActorsStockholm Vatten och Avfall, property owners, the City District Administrations, the Traffic Administration Office.

Private individuals and businesses are responsible for keeping themselves informed.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Draw up a communications strategy

• Communicate the waste management plan to all stakeholders

• Communicate the objectives of the waste man-agement plan to affected businesses in the city

• Analyse and communicate the results of waste component analyses

• Draft measures and follow up waste component analyses systematically

• Carry on periodic and targeted information cam-paigns to households and businesses on relevant themes

• Develop educational activities, including through partnerships

• Draw up advice for property owners about how they can provide information to their tenants

• Increase awareness of waste issues within the city's public administrative bodies and companies

Examples of what other actors can do• In partnership with Stockholm Vatten och Avfall

increase awareness of waste issues

Follow-up and key indicatorsUser surveys (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)Waste component analyses (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

3.2 Waste management systems are to be straightforward, accessible and secure

DescriptionIt should be easy to do the right thing. Waste disposal and separation should be accessible for everyone, regardless of their type of housing or particular needs.

Households should also have good access to dispos-al facilities for bulky waste. Rooms for bulky waste in blocks of flats help residents dispose of waste easily even if they do not have a car.


Waste disposal should be designed so that the person disposing of the waste perceives the expe-rience as safe and secure. This may, for example, entail planning and selecting systems so as to avoid transport in residential areas, or designing bins and waste rooms to minimise the risk of accidents. Light waste rooms in visible locations feel more secure. These measures often also contribute to an improved work environment for the personnel handling the waste and lead to less litter around the bins.

ActorsCity of Stockholm, developers and property owners.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Study the kerbside collection of fractions other

than food waste and residual waste for different types of housing

• The city's recycling centres should handle all recyclable material (the environment programme)

• Extend the potential for separation and collection for households

• Develop the collection systems for fractions that have been separated at source

• Impose requirements on property owners but also support them so that the city's residents can dis-pose of their household waste satisfactorily

Examples of what other actors can do• Like property owners the city is to create the con-

ditions for tenants to separate food waste (the environment programme)

• The city is to extend separation at source for the public in its facilities (the environment programme)

• Extend the potential for businesses to dispose of packaging

Follow-up and key indicatorsUser surveys (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

3.3 Waste management systems are to provide a good work environment

DescriptionWaste management as an industry has long been characterised by problematic working conditions. For many years goal-oriented efforts have been made by the parties to resolve this issue, and great progress has been made. However, much remains to be done to meet the current requirements of the Swedish Work Environment Authority and to prepare for the more stringent requirements that are expected in the future. To achieve a good work environment, me-chanical solutions should chiefly be used. This means that the waste is collected and handled using me-chanical solutions such as vacuum waste collection and bins emptied by vehicles with a special crane. Manual systems should be avoided as far as it is technically possible and economically reasonable. The waste fee is used to steer development towards mechanical systems.

It is important to take account of the work environment in all links in the waste chain, including building care-takers, personnel at recycling centres, waste collection personnel and personnel at transfer stations, interim storage facilities and waste treatment plants.

ActorsThe Swedish Work Environment Authority issues regulations for those involved in waste manage-ment. Property owners are responsible for waste management in their properties and for ensuring that waste can be collected using the systems available. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall is to create the conditions for a good work environment through good planning and imposing requirements during procurement.


What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Continue the systematic work of remedying col-

lection points with a poor work environment

• Continue to phase out the collection of com-pressed waste in bins and sacks

• Phase out refuse bins and sacks

• Phase out the collection of latrine waste bins

• Develop systems that provide a good work en-vironment for the collection of bulky waste from properties

Examples of what other actors can do• Mechanical solutions should be chosen for all

new construction and major refurbishment work

Follow-up and key indicatorsThe proportion of sack collection in the city (statistics from Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)The number of collection points with compressed waste in bins and sacks (statistics from Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)The number of collection points with latrine waste bins (statistics from Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

It is important to take account of the work environment in all links in the waste chain

3.4 It must be easier to dispose of waste for reuse and recycling without a car

DescriptionResidents should be able to dispose of waste for collection without using a car. Today there is the mobile environment station for hazardous waste, it is possible to borrow cargo bikes from the Roslagstull Reuse Centre and there is kerbside collection for certain types of waste. New solutions are under development.

ActorsStockholm Vatten och Avfall, property owners, FTI AB.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Develop alternatives to the traditional recycling

centres for the collection of bulky waste and ma-terial for reuse in a dense urban environment

• Look at the opportunity to reach recycling cen-tres and other collection systems using means of transport other than cars

Examples of what other actors can do• Plan for households to be able to dispose of

bulky waste and material for reuse in a dense urban environment

Follow-up and key indicatorsDescription of how the work has been developed(Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)User surveys (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

Today there is the mobile environment station, cargo bikes from the Roslagstull Reuse Centre and kerbside collection


Objective 4Waste management is to be a natural part of the city's physical planning


DescriptionThis objective plays a key role in the fulfilment of all the other objectives.

As the city’s population grows the volume of waste that must be dealt with is also expected to increase. The denser urban environment combined with modern waste management systems often needing a large area (for separation for example) means that it is harder to find space. More people travelling in the same amount of space places greater demands on good logistics for the transport of waste. Even though the city has the right potential for efficient waste management it is a challenge to create systems that are readily accessible, environmentally and cost-effective and well adapted to the urban environ-ment. Depending on the type of built environment in certain areas local solutions are necessary, while a central facility is more appropriate in others. There are also accessibility factors in the planning of waste management. It must be possible to carry out waste management while maintaining road safety.

Another type of waste management for which space is needed is clearing snow. According to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, snow cleared from streets should be regarded as waste. An exemption is therefore necessary to dump snow in and around bodies of water. For snow clearance to work efficiently in the city, and for snow to be han-dled without the environmental impact unnecessary transport entails, suitable areas need to be set aside for snow clearance around the city.

The Stockholm city plan – The Walkable City - is being updated. Housing is a priority for the city, 40,000 homes are to be built by 2020. The city's vision 2040 of a great city to live in, "A Stockholm for Everyone", is the starting point. The city plan is to draw up solutions that make it easy for the residents of Stockholm to live environmentally sound lives and to deal with challenges in the form of major differ-ences in social circumstances between city districts.

Stockholm also needs to adapt to a changing climate. Torrential rain and rising sea levels will result in the risk of flooding and can affect where facilities need to be located so that their function is not lost.


Vision for 2040Planning for the management of waste is to be included at an early stage and at all levels, regional, citywide and local, and in the new construction and refurbishment of individual properties. Everyone involved in the planning process is to have a good

understanding of waste issues and see waste management as a natural part of infrastructure. Account must be taken of how people are to have good access to systems at the same time as these are adapted to a dense urban environment.

Subsidiary objectives for the period of the plan4.1 Waste issues are to be taken into account at the initial planning stages of new construction and refurbishment

DescriptionIt is important that waste issues are included at an early stage of the planning process so as to find the scope for resource-efficient waste management. There are many actors involved and there are often different interests to be reconciled. We will build an attractive and accessible city together.

ActorsAll public administrative bodies and municipal enterprises have a responsibility for handling the waste issue as part of their activities. Particularly involved are the City Planning Administration, the City Development Administration, the Traffic Adminis-tration Office and the City District Administrations.

Examples of what Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, the City of Stockholm and other actors can do

• Develop partnership arrangements between public administrative bodies and companies in the city in order to produce good examples of first-rate waste management

• Further cooperation in the city in order to introduce waste issues at an early stage in the planning process

• Clarify the systems to be prioritised from a work environment perspective and for resource-efficiency

Follow-up and key indicatorsA description of how the work has been developed to achieve the subsidiary objective (the City Devel-opment Administration, the City Planning Administra-tion, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)


• Work towards clarity in the potential for common solutions for property owners

Examples of what the various actors can do• Identify existing waste management systems in

the area before starting the planning of a new one to see if it can be used or improved

Follow-up and key indicatorsA description of how the work has been developed to achieve the subsidiary objective (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall)

4.2 To deal with increasing urban density, end-to-end solutions, covering both the new and existing built environment, are to be considered

DescriptionSometimes by taking a comprehensive approach to a large area, waste management systems in new areas can solve potential problems with waste management in neighbouring, existing areas and vice versa. As a basis Stockholm Vatten och Avfall has drawn up a list prioritising the collection systems used in the city.

ActorsThe City Development Administration, City Planning Administration, Stockholm Environment & Health Protec-tion Administration, City Development Administrations, property owners and Stockholm Vatten och Avfall.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Investigate the possibility of creating a thematic

supplement to the city plan regarding waste management planning

4.3 It must be possible to use land in the city for waste-related activities

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall has drawn up a list prioritising the collection systems used in the city

DescriptionWaste management in the city is dependent on land being set aside for technical services. Recycling cen-tres, transfer stations, waste treatment plants, reuse sites and snow dumps all require space. Existing facilities need replacement sites if they cannot contin-ue to operate at the original location. Private actors who are part of the waste chain also need to be able to carry on their activities.

ActorsThe City Development Administration, City Planning Administration, Traffic Administration Office and Stockholm Vatten och Avfall.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• In partnership with other public administrative

bodies in the city develop and adapt systems suitable for the public space, for example the use of multifunctional areas

• Draw up guidance for event waste, food trucks and market stalls

• Continue work aimed at achieving a consensus on the use of municipal land for waste manage-ment when good waste management cannot be arranged on the property


Examples of what other actors can do• Reuse excavated material to avoid the extraction

of unused natural resources and reduce the need to transport excavated material (the environment programme)

• Cooperate with other actors to find long-term solutions for bulk materials handling in the city

• Look at the potential to dump snow in locations other than in the water

• Ensure that existing recycling centres remain in place or that replacement sites exist if a centre has to be removed

• Set aside areas of land in the city for waste man-agement related activities managed by the City of Stockholm and other actors

• In partnership the city can work for areas to have multifunctional usage

• Look at the possibility of using municipal land for temporary waste management (during construc-tion and refurbishment for example).

Follow-up and key indicatorsA description of how the work has been developed to achieve the subsidiary objective (Stockholm Vatten och Avfall, the City Planning Administration, City Develop-ment Administration, Traffic Administration Office)

4.4 Increased account is to be taken of the surrounding environment in the collection of waste

DescriptionCreating easily accessible collection systems for both users and waste collection contractors that are adapt-ed to the urban environment and local natural and cultural assets is a challenge. In both the inner city and the suburbs there is a varied built environment and surroundings that may conflict with the require-ments of rational waste management and a good work environment.

This subsidiary objective also relates to reducing the impact on the surrounding environment (noise and emissions for example).

ActorsCity of Stockholm, property owners, developers and contractors.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Develop and disseminate the city's guidelines

"Plan and build for good waste management"

• Work towards all waste management being carried out using vehicles running on renewable fuels to the greatest possible extent

• Promote good and carefully considered logistics for waste transport

• Continue work on the noise problem at the city's recycling centres and other collection systems

Examples of what other actors can do• Collaborate within the city and with Stockholm

Vatten och Avfall (on traffic issues and the provi-sion of areas for waste management for example)


All waste transport is to be carried out using good and carefully considered logistics


4.5 New technical solutions are to be tested and the development of collection and handling systems is to continue

DescriptionStockholm is a city with many different types of built environment with different characters. A broad range of system solutions is required to achieve effective waste management. Therefore new technologies need to be tested and the development of existing systems must continue. As the city grows, previously untried solutions may be needed.

ActorsThe City of Stockholm, developers and contractors.

What will Stockholm Vatten och Avfall do• Continue the continuous development of waste

management systems

• Be open to innovations that can lead to the de-velopment of waste management

• Collaborate with other actors in order to find good solutions

• Look at the possibilities for extended regional cooperation

• Continue to work on combining vacuum waste collection with the expansion of separation at source

• Investigate the criteria for new responsibility and ownership structures

Examples of what other actors can do• Work with the city to identify new and effective

solutions




Glossary and definitionsAnaerobic digestion The biodegradation of organic material in an oxygen-free environ-

ment. During anaerobic digestion biogas and digestate are formed.

Biochar Charred biomass produced through pyrolysis.

Bulky waste Household waste that is heavy or bulky, or has other properties mak-ing it unsuitable for collection in the ordinary household rubbish bag.

Fraction A particular separated component of the waste. For example food waste, glass, metal packaging or textile waste.

Hazardous waste Waste that is dangerous because it is explosive, flammable, corrosive, infectious or toxic to people and the environment.

Waste described in Annex 4 of the Ordinance on Waste (SFS 2011:927) with a waste code marked with an asterisk (*) or waste pursuant to the provisions in Section 12 of the Ordinance on Waste, shall be deemed hazardous waste. Examples of hazardous waste include paint residue, waste oil, pesticide residue and solvents.

Hazardous waste collecting station

Collection point for hazardous household waste.

Household waste Waste generated by households and comparable waste from other sources.

ILS Integrated management system. The City of Stockholm's web-based system for the integrated management and monitoring of activities and the budget.

Marine litter Manufactured objects or parts of objects that have been thrown away, left or unintentionally lost, and directly or indirectly ended up in the sea, in coastal waters or on the shoreline.

Producer responsibility Producers of goods and products in the areas in which there is producer responsibility are responsible for collecting and dealing with these goods and products. For example there is producer responsibility for packaging, recyclable paper, cars, tyres, waste from electrical and electronic equipment and pharmaceutical products.

Pyrolysis A process in which a substance is heated to a high temperature in an oxygen-free environment so that it decomposes without combustion taking place.

Recycling centre Large, manned collection and reception site primarily for bulky household waste.


Reuse Measure that either means:1) that a product or component that is not waste is used again to fulfil the same function it was originally intended for, or2) waste management that, through inspection, cleaning or repair, means that products or components that had become waste can be reused.

Also used as the name of the recycling centres in which the focus is on reuse.

Revaq A certification system for the sustainable recycling of plant nutrients, the reduced flow of hazardous substances to wastewater treatment plants and the management of risk on the way there.

The environmental barometer

A digital tool for municipalities and organisations for reporting their environmental or sustainability work on the web.

The Ordinance on Waste The Ordinance on Waste (SFS 2011:927) contains provisions governing waste and waste management.

User survey Questionnaire and telephone survey undertaken to identify the views of various customer groups on our activities.

Volume fee A waste fee where the fee is based on the container volume and collection frequency.

Waste All objects, agents or substances that the holder wishes to dispose of, or is obliged to dispose of.

Waste component analysis

A method of investigating the composition of a particular type of waste by sorting it into different fractions and weighing each fraction.

Waste fee Fee charged by the municipality to finance the management of the waste for which the municipality is responsible. Pursuant to Chapter 27, Sections 4–6 of the Swedish Environmental Code a waste col-lection fee shall be paid based on the tariff set by the City Council.

Waste hierarchy The basis of the EU's waste directive (2008/98/EC). Indicates the order in which different methods for treating waste should be used.

Weight fee A waste fee where the fee is based on the weight of the waste collected.


List of annexes1 Description of waste management in the City of Stockholm

2 Waste volumes and streams in the City of Stockholm

3 Facilities for the recycling and disposal of waste in the City of Stockholm

4 Maps of waste treatment plants in the Stockholm region

5 Details of disused landfill sites in the City of Stockholm

6 Follow-up of the Waste management plan for Stockholm 2013–2016

7 Related legislation, regulations, objectives and strategies

8 An environmental impact assessment for the Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020

9 A social impact assessment for the Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020


Layout and production: Blomquist I Photography: Johnér, iStock I Printing: Edita Bobergs I Item

number: 14404 Stockholm

Vatten och Avfall 05/2017

Adopted 3 April 2017

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall is a cutting edge community builder that operates and develops water and waste services with an environmental focus. Every day, all year round we supply 1.4 million Stockholm residents with clean, high quality tap water, treat wastewater and ensure that waste is dealt with. Together with residents, companies and other stakeholders we are working to make Stockholm the world's most sustainable city.

Stockholm Vatten och Avfall+46 (0)8 522 120 00, [email protected]

Part of the City of Stockholm

Documents

Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020...The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020 The Waste management plan for Stockholm 2017–2020 9 Objectives and ambitions