Upload
trevor-hamman
View
222
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 1/87
Sustainable Waste Management
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 2/87
Sustainable Waste Management
Overview• municipal solid waste (MSW)
– history– today’s numbers
– landfills
– three R’s
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 3/87
History: Prior to (and during) WWII
• little MSWgenerated
• high reuse• goods made for
repair not disposal
• war rationing
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 6/87
History: Post WWII• consumption increases
• economy based on consumption
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 10/87
Small towns used to have individual
dumps
• now restricted to permitted landfills
• many small towns have transferstations instead– waste collected for further
transportation– save money on labor and operating costs
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 14/87
Landfills
• design has improved over the years– plastic liner, leachate and methane
collection, and monitoring• still there are landfill sitting
problems
– NIMBY– LULU
– NIMTOO
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 15/87
Landfills
• design has improved over the years– plastic liner, leachate and methane
collection, and monitoring• still there are landfill sitting
problems
– NIMBY – Not In My Back Yard– LULU – Locally Unwanted Land Use
– NIMTOO – Not In My Term of Office
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 16/87
Landfills
-
• Leachategeneration watercont.
• Incomplete
decomposition (lackof H20)
• Aesthetics
+• Packed tightly, fit
large amount oftrash in small area
• No air pollution (as
from incineration)• Methane used for
energy
• Recreational Use
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 18/87
Waste to energy
• 90 plants in US, renewable energy?
• about 12% of waste is currently
burned• reduce weight and volume of trash
• make useable energy
• but, toxic emissions are a possibility
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 20/87
How Can We Manage Our MSW
Sustainably?“The 3 R’s”
REDUCE
REUSE
RECYCLE
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 21/87
The Reduction Approach
• buy less?
• buy more durable goods as opposed todisposable ones
• manufacturers are reducing the size of
goods and size of packaging
– 2 liter bottles and 1 gallon milk jug weigh33% less now than in 1970s
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 22/87
The Reuse Approach
• maximize the lifespan of a material inthe production-consumption cycle.
• examples?– just reusing a container for a different
purpose
– Bottle Bill
– thrift stores– Dump and Run – local
– www.universityymca.org/dump_and_run/
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 23/87
Bottle Bills
• requires buyers to pay a deposit on bottledgoods then it is returned (1st
= VT 1953)most are 5 cents
• 95% of refillable bottles and 92% of thealuminum cans are returned (Michigan 96%
of bottles and cans)
• 35-40% roadside litter reduced
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 25/87
The Recycle Approach
• similar to Reuse, but involvesprocessing of the material.
– end-point vs. source separation• composting
• the US recycles approximately 33%
of solid municipal wastes
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 26/87
How much do we recycle?
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 27/87
Recycling by material
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 30/87
Weighing the Costs and Benefitsof Recycling
Benefits• Reduces demand for
raw materials• Reduces pollution
• Reduces energy needs
• Composting providesnutrients to soils
Costs
• $$$ - UsuallyTaxpayer
• Source separationinvolves effort
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 31/87
Promoting Recycling
• most efforts involved collection, more focusneeds to be on procurement andremanufacturing
• government efforts– Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) -1976
– container deposit bills (Bottle Bill)
– tax breaks– remove subsidies for raw materials and energy
• pay per throw disposal pricing– should we charge per bag/container?
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 32/87
What you can do
• recycle, reduce, reuse
• don’t buy much to begin with
• buy used where possible• use containers over and over
• compost food waste
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 33/87
Campus Waste Disposal
Brickyard Landfill
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 34/87
UIUC Campus Recycling
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 35/87
Campus Waste Video
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 42/87
where does your trash go?
8/10/2019 Waste (NRES 102)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/waste-nres-102 87/87
What can you do to reduce
solid waste?• always put recyclable materials in
best receptacle (source separation)• buy less, or with less packaging
• educate others (students/friends)
• support bottle bills and otherlegislation