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Waste to Energy in Indonesia
Challenges and Opportunities
Dini Trisyanti & Mohammad HelmyIndonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA)
World Waste to Energy City SummitLondon - UK, May 19 – 20, 2015
Outline
The municipal solid waste profile
Regulation and institutional
framework
Waste to energy status
Financing issues PPP & B2B
Scheme
Social concerns
Conclusion
The Archipelago of Indonesia
http://www.ceritaindonesia.web.id
• 250 million population in 1.9 million km2; GDP/Capita = USD 3,500
• 34 provinces, 511 municipalities, 17,000 islands; 30 Metro & Big Cities
• Almost 60% (150 Million) inhabitants occupied Java Island
• National waste generation 38 .5 Million T/Y, while Java Island 21.2 MT/Y (55.1%)
MSW Operational
69%
14%
14%
3%Proportion (%)
Transported to Landfill
Buried, Burnt
Composted, other
Disposed
Source: Indonesia Domestic Solid Waste Statistic, MoE, 2008
• Most of the waste is collected and transported to landfill (open
dumping, controlled, sanitary)
• Recyclables to informal sector + Waste Bank
• Compostable is partly treated in Temporary Dumping Site (TPS 3R) or
TPA (landfill)
• Heating Value : 2100 – 5000 Kcal/Kg
• Composition : Org. 58%; plastic 14%; Paper 9%
Big Landfills – Sumatera
Medan CityTerjun LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 2 mil
Palembang CitySukawinatan LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 1,4 mil
Batam CityPunggur LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 0,91 mil
Pekanbaru CityMuara Fajar LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 0,88 mil
Bandar Lampung CityBakung LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 0,88 mil
Padang CityAir Dingin LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 0,79 mil
Source: SWI-InSWA, 2015
Big Landfills – Java and BaliJakarta CityBantargebang LandfillOwn: Public&private5 municipalitiesPopulation: 9,5 mil
Bekasi citySumur Batu LandfillOwn: Public1municipalityPopulation : 2,3 mil
Tangerang CityRawa Kucing LandfillOwnership: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 1,7 mil
South Tangerang CityCipeucang LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 1,2 mil
Depok CityCipayung LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 1,7mil
Bogor CityGaluga LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 0,95 mil
Bandung CitySarimukti LandfillOwn: Public3 municipalitiesPopulation: 4,7 mil
Semarang CityJatibarang LandfillOwn: Public1 municipalitiesPopulation: 1,5 mil
Yogyakarta CityPiyungan LandfillOwn: Public3 municipalitiesPopulation: 3,4 mil
Surabaya CityBenowoLandfillOwn: Public &Private1 municipalitiesPopulation: 2,7 mil
Malang CitySupiturang LandfillOwn: Public 1 municipalitiesPopulation: 0,82 mil
Denpasar CitySuwung LandfillOwn: Public 4 municipalitiesPopulation: 2,2 mil
Kalimantan : Balikpapan & Samarinda CitySulawesi in Makassar City
Source: SWI-InSWA, 2015
The Urgency for MSW Treatment
Waste dumping sites are tickling bombs for metropolitan and big cities
Community based initiatives are encouraging to some extent, but the scaling up and sustainability are always in question
Waste to Energy becomes more and more in favored, as a way out to reduce burden of waste while resulting benefit to human needs (energy)
Central and local government have recognized this importance, and initiated programs with international donors, private sectors, etc. to speed up implementation of WtE in Indonesia
Collection Transport
Final
Treatment
(WTE)
Most interesting
for investors
Source: National Development Planning Agency Presentation on WtE Week, 2014
MSW Operational System
Regulation and Institutional Framework
Law on Limited Enterprise (PT), Tax etc
Presidential Decree 67/2005 and its addendum
• Law 18/2008 on MSW
Management• MEMR Ministerial Decree
19/2013 on Feed in Tariff
Law 23/2014 on Regional Government Issues From grant scheme of procurement to
commercially driven investment for MSW infrastructure; Un-conducive of Political Condition; & Lack of Capacity in LA
Ministry of
Environment
and Forestry
Ministry of
Public Works
and Housing
Ministry of
Energy and
Mineral
Resources
Municipal
Government
National Development
Planning Agency
Waste to Energy Status
Direct use of landfill gas :
i.e. methane gas is captured, treated, and distributed using rather traditional piping system to inhabitants surrounding the landfill area
Installed in more than 26 landfills
Electricity from landfill gas: only 2 landfills (Suwung in Bali and Bantargebang in Jakarta) with total contracted capacity 14.5 MW
No (zero) WtE incinerator (thermal) is in place
Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) and Anaerobic Digestion are applied in small scale (pilot projects)
Current Project Implementation
No Location Capacity Developers Investment
1) TPA Bantar Gebang III
Jakarta
5 x 2 MW PT OVI Energy Rp. 300 billion
2) SPA Sunter Jakarta *)
(incinerator)
14 MW DKI Jakarta Local
Government
Rp. 625 billion
3) TPA Sumur Batu Bekasi 3 x 1 MW PT Gikoko Kogyo Rp. 40 billion
4) Gedebage Bandung
**)(incinerator)
7 MW PT Bandung Raya Indah
Lestari
Rp. 562,5 billion
5) TPA Telaga Punggur Batam
(thermal)
14 MW Batam Local Government USD 150 million
6) TPA Sukawinatan
Palembang
0.5 MW DGNREEC Rp. 30 billion
7) TPA Benowo Surabaya 9 MW PT Sumber Organic Rp. 316 billion
Source: MEMR Presentation on WtE Week, 2014
*) Jakarta : pending to contract award (bid process since 2011)**) Bandung : bid winner announced in 2014 but postponed implementation due to social protest
PPP Scheme
Responsible Team for Partnership Agreement (PJPK)
Municipal Cleansing Agency
Bid Winner
Company
Consultant
Contractor
O & M
Bid award letter
Power Purchase Agreement
Deed of Company Establishment
Waste supplyPPP
Agreement
Credit Agreement
Source: National Development Planning Agency Presentation on WtE Week, 2014
Business to Business Scheme
Business to
Business
Agreement
License, Permit
Transport to Landfill
On-site treatment
(WtE)
Local Government no longer collects and transports to landfill for
waste generated in commercial area (need local regulation)
• MSW service to non-
commercial area
• Waste tariff policy
Social Concern
3R : Waste Bank movement achievement (MoE, 2013) 17 provinces; 55 municipalities; 1,136 waste banks, 2,262 ton/month waste collected, IDR 15 billion (USD 1.1 million)
/month recyclable sales
Landfill gas to energy:
Gas incentive to community surrounding
Social acceptance and participatory monitoring
WtE incinerator (thermal): Divided group: (1) strongly against, (2) supportive, (3) feel necessary
but not sure
Limited information on proven, safe, and sound technology
Transparency of bid process, emission and operational standard
Conclusion
WtE is very potential in Indonesia, given the urgency of waste problems and
energy policy towards New and Renewable Energy (NRE).
Local governments’ mind set that realizing waste needs sufficient management
cost rather than looking at energy sales as source of income is crucial.
In national level, synchronized regulation and synergized institution are also the
keys.
Transparency of procurement and sufficient-neutral-valid information on
technology application are critical in gaining public trust and social acceptance
for implementation of WtE incinerator plant.
Thank You. Terima Kasih
Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA)
Secretariat:
Jl. Krekot Bunder IV Blok H No 19, Pasar Baru, Jakarta-Pusat
[email protected], [email protected]
http://inswa.or.id
Field Office:
TPS 3R RAWASARI
Jl. Rawa Kerbau 5A- Rawasari Selatan, Cempaka Putih Timur, Jakarta Pusat 10510
Telp: (+62-21) 4627 1206 Fax :(+62-21) 4627 1207
[email protected]@gmail.com