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© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 403
WASTE WATER ASSESSMENT AT A
DISTILLERY/BEVERAGE UNIT, SITAPUR
USING CORN COBS
MOHIT YADAV 1 AND RAJIV BANERJEE 2
1 M.tech Scholar, Environmental Engineering, Integral University,Lucknow 2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering. Integral University,Lucknow
ABSTRACT
Water is used in most process industries for a wide range of applications. Processes and systems using water
today are being subjected to increasingly strict environmental regulations on effluents and there is growing
demand for fresh water. These changes have increased the need for better water management and
wastewater minimization. The combination of water demand management and cleaner production concepts
have resulted in both economic and ecological benefits. Beverage industry requires huge amount of fresh
water, generating considerable amount of polluted waste water during different processes including drink
production, washing bottles, plant washdown as well as washing the floors and the general work area.
Untreated effluent is found to have high contents of BOD ,very low contents of DO and high COD also.
Most of the industries do not reuse the waste water and are consuming bulk of fresh water. If we treat this
waste water with the help of corn cobs then this waste water can be treated to a standard useful for
irrigation.The beverage industry is one of the major industries in India and the present study will be
conducted on the distillery industry at Dalmiya Mills,Sitapur to assess the feasibility of reuse of wastewater
form bottle washing plant by conducting treatment test, like dilution of the waste water in different ratios,
reverse osmosis and coagulation. The results reflect that the treated effluents are not highly polluted and
they satisfy the Bureau of Indian Standards values and therefore can be used for irrigation purposes. Treated
effluent of distillery plant which is well balanced of chemicals if it is diluted with fresh water and will be
suitable for irrigation purposes.
1.INTRODUCTION
Distillery industries are one of the most polluting industries. In India there are about 613 sugar mills and
307 distilleries with a total installed capacity of 3289 million litres per annum and a yearly production of
1723 million litres alcohol. Alcohol is produced from molasses by two type of fermentation processes,Praj
type and Alfa Laval distillation. In Praj type one litre of alcohol produces about 12-15 litres of spent wash
where as in the Alfa Laval continuous fermentation and distillation process only 7-8 litres of waste water
per litres of alcohol is produced.The effluent coming from distillery industry is highly polluted which seeps
into the ground ultimately contaminating the ground water. A maximum number of distilleries is present in
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 404
Maharashtra (67) with an annual capacity of about 625 million litres of alcohol per year and an effluent
generation of about 9367 million liter per year, approximately.
Alcohol (preferably ethanol) is mainly produced from cellulosic materials. Raw materials, mainly used
in distilleries are sugarcane molasses, grains, grapes, sugarcane juice, and barley malt. Alcohol production
in distilleries consists of four main steps which are feed preparation, fermentation, distillation, and
packaging. Diluted sugarcane molasses is inoculated with yeast and fermented in either batch or continuous
mode to yield a broth containing 6–8% ethanol. In the continuous process, the cellulosic materials first
delignified and hemi-cellulose and cellulose are subsequently acid hydrolyzed into simple sugars. These
sugars are fermented in the presence of yeast to yield ethanol and carbon dioxide. The alcohol vapor is
removed from the fermentation solution under reduced pressure and subsequently distilled. Carbon dioxide
gas may be sparged throughout the fermenting solution in order to aid in the removal of the alcohol from the
fermenting solution. The gaseous carbon dioxide is captured and utilized for the manufacture of additional
quantities of ethanol or other basic chemicals.
Figure 1 –Production of alcohol at a Distillery Unit
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 405
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1) Joel Tshuma et.al.(2016)1 –According to these authors a detailed beverage effluent treatment
technology was developed in a period of 4 months, using samples from an operating beverage plant. The
total number of samples collected were 1304. The volume of the sample collected hourly was 500ml for 4
hours to give a composite sample. The plant operated continuously for 6 days a week and had two-12 hour
shifts a day. The technology consisted of four water treatment methods combined consecutively which were
chemical, physical, biological and physical treatment methods. The aim of developing the technology was
The average percentage reduction in COD and TSS was 91.1% and 90.6% respectively. The pH was
adjusted to 8.05. The obtained results indicated that the developed technology was effective for treating
beverage wastewater at ambient temperature to meet the quality of effluent that can be discharged into
public water works.
2.2) Joe Beah et.al.(2017)3 -This analysis of industrial effluents at Sierra Leone Bottling Company Limited
(SLBC) in Freetown, the capital city of Sierra Leone were conducted to assess its composition, and removal
efficiency of physio-chemical parameters. Fifteen (15) samples were collected from the drain water
(influent), pretreatment effluent and treated effluent (effluent) for five days. There were significantly higher
concentrations of influents parameters relative to those of the corresponding effluents. The influent levels
were checked for pH, electrical conductivity and chloride were higher than permissible threshold. 80% of
the samples at the influent point were within permissible guideline for TDS but all were in total agreement
with the effluent samples for the same parameter.
2.3) Marin Matosic et al.(2008)6-The paper reports on the results of treatment of wastewater from the
bottling of water and soft drinks with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant. The existing conventional
activated sludge process could not produce effluent suitable for discharge due to significant fluctuations of
wastewater composition and flow rate. MBR successfully removed pollutants measured as COD, BOD and
TOC from the wastewater with an efficiency of over 90%.
2.4) Emrah Alkayaa and Göksel Niyazi Demire (2015)2 -The aim of this study was to investigate water
conservation and reuse opportunities in a soft drink/beverage manufacturing company. Water use analysis
was carried out to determine the areas and processes where significant water saving potential is present.
Based on evaluations, water recycling and reuse practices were realized in cooling systems. As a result of
applying these practices, the total specific cooling water demand oft the company was reduced from 14.4 to
1.2 m3/m3 product or by 91.8%. Moreover, the total specific water intensity of the company was decreased
by 55.0%. Thus, the achieved total annual water saving was 503,893 m3.
2.5) Remya Neelanchari et al.(2018)10- The study investigated the photolytic and photocatalytic treatment
of soft drink industry wastewater (SDIW) in presence of microwave (MW) irradiation. The treatment
efficiency was investigated in terms of removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen and
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 406
total phosphate in microwave photolysis (MWP) system, MW photo catalytic system with one and two
electrode less discharge lamp (EDL), denoted as MWPC-1 and MWPC-2 respectively.
2.6) Yingjun Chen et al.(2017)4 - Beverage industries are one of the most polluting industries producing
huge amount of wastewater effluents. The aim of this study was to determine the status of waste water
effluent discharge of beverage industry in Ethiopia. Samples were collected from 8 beverage industries’
wastewater effluent discharge end pipe and examined for different physico-Chemical parameters such as:
COD, BOD, TSS, ammonia, total nitrogen, PH and phosphate. The observed values were ranged between 9
- 397.5 mg/L for TSS, 0.185 - 69.7 mg/l for phosphate, 0.265 - 71 mg/l for ammonia, 226 - 1975 mg/l for
COD, 15 - 576 mg/L for BOD, 4 - 86.6 mg/l for total nitrogen and 5.21 - 12.37 for PH.
2.7) Mona Amin et.al (2016)8– These authors put forward a result based on a successful experimental result
from laboratory and treatment of wastewater from beverages industry.. Experimental results have been
considered as the basis for full scale design of the industrial capacity of 1600m3/day treatment plant. Final
effluent characteristics after treatment resulted in reducing COD and BOD by about 97% and 95%
respectively. So it is recommended to reuse treated waste wate in textile industry for dyeing purposes and
other in house cleaning processes.
2.8) Ran Mei et al.(2015)9– According to these authors the anaerobic packed-bed (AP) and hybrid packed-
bed (HP) reactors containing methanogenic microbial consortia were applied to treat synthetic soft drink
wastewater, which contains polyethylene glycol (PEG) and fructose as the primary constituents. The AP and
HP reactors achieved high COD removal efficiency (>95%) after 80 and 33 days of the operation,
respectively, and operated stably over 2 years.
2.9) Nafees Mohammad et.al(2013)7- The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for
reducing freshwater consumption through recycling,low cost wastewater treatment and beneficial use of
sludge of beverage industry at Hattar industrial estate (HIE), Haripur, Pakistan, under the concept of clean
technology and water recycling. Samples were collected from end of pipe and analyzed for various physico-
chemical parameters such as flow rate, temperature, conductivity, odor, chloride, sulfate, sodium and
calcium which were found below the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs), while pH, color,
turbidity, alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical
oxygen demand (COD) were found above the NEQs level..
2.10) K M Hossain et al.(2007)5 - According to these authors various types of waste effluents produced by
two industries were studied to verify their environmental effects and to prepare a suggestion for
management of those wastes. Two types of wastes were considered- wastewater and solid wastes. Analysis
on three samples of wastewater was performed to determine the physical, chemical, organic and biological
pollution. The pH values were 6.58, 6.75 & 6.64; amount of TDS were 235, 241 & 270 ppm; total hardness
were 126, 123 & 144 ppm; calcium hardness were 105, 99 & 122 ppm, all the values of P-alkalinity were
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 407
zero and values of M-alkalinity were 40, 40 & 45 mg/l. Iron concentrations were 0.21, 0.18 & 0.19 mg/l.
Results.
3. Treatment options of distillery spent wash
Current treatment options used to treat distillery spent wash includes physical, chemical, physicochemical
and biological methods before its disposal. The selection of treatment methods depends on various factors
such as treatment efficiency, treatment cost, local geography, climate, land use, regulatory constraints, and
public acceptance of the treatment.
3.1. Physical treatment
Physical treatment methods are used at the initial stage of effluent treatment. Various physical treatment
methods currently being used in distillery wastewater treatment are screening, flow equalization mixing,
flotation, and sedimentation. Adsorption is also a one of the most widely used physical method. Adsorption
on activated carbon is widely employed for removal of colour and specific organic pollutants. Physical
treatment is used to decrease suspended/settable solids from wastewater which may be removed
inexpensively via sedimentation by using the force of gravity to separate suspended material, oil, and grease
from the wastewater reported removal of total suspended solids (TSS) by passing wastewater through a fine
granular media such as sand, the particles are captured in the fine pores and sorbed on the surface of the
granular media. Distillery wastewater treatment by the membrane-based nano-filtration and reverse osmosis
processes. It reported that membrane based nano-filtration and reverse osmosis processes can be used to
reduce the total dissolved solids (TDS), COD, and potassium (K+) content of distillery wastewater by 99.80,
99.90, and 99.99%, respectively.
3.2. Chemical treatment
During chemical wastewater treatment, compound like chlorine (Cl2), oxygen (O2), ozone (O3), and
permanganate (MnO4) are added to the wastewater to oxidize the wastewater components into carbon
dioxide (CO2), water, inorganic matter, and other harmless products .Coagulation and flocculation processes
are used for rapid and economical removal of suspended, inert, or undesirable colloidal materials in
industrial waste.
Reported suggest that treatment of distillery wastewater using iron sulfate (Fe2 (SO4)3) as a coagulant results
in 40% removal of wastewater pollutants and it also achieved 55% reduction in COD by using integrated
Fenton-coagulant/flocculation process in distillery wastewater treatment. In another report, addition of
ferrous sulfate, aluminum chloride, calcium oxide, ferric chloride along with coagulants reduced the colour
to 95%, 74.4%, 80.2%, and 83%, respectively, while COD was reduced as 78%, 61.3%, 39.8%, and 55%,
respectively.
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 408
3.3 Biotechnological/biological processes
All biological treatment processes depends upon the natural growth and selection of microorganisms in a
suspended culture or fixed film. During the treatment process, these microorganisms utilize pollutants for
growth and convert the organic substrate in the wastewater into simpler substances such as CO2 and water,
in the presence (aerobic) or absence (anaerobic) of O2. Biotechnology treatment encompasses a range of
scientific and engineering techniques for applying biological systems to the manufacture or transformation
of valuable materials or the elimination of problematic, often poisonous, liquid, solid, or gaseous wastes.
There are a number of waste treatment systems which are based on aerobic and/or anaerobic microbial
action to the wastewater.This approach can remove most of the biologically removable organics, CODs, and
colour. Identification and optimization of biotechnological treatment methods is a necessity of the present
time. Various biotechnical/biological processes are being practiced successfully to remove the high
pollution load from the distillery wastewater.
4. Preparation of Corn Cobs Activated Carbon
Maize is a popular cereal crop cultivated in many parts of the world. During the processing and production
of corn, several wastes are generated including corn cobs and corn husk. The world production of corn
increased in the 1980s, which also implies a high amount of corn cob waste. It is estimated that about 18 kg
of cobs are obtained from every 100 kg of corn produced. The corn cobs are regarded as carbonaceous
materials but a greater percentage of it, for example in India, ends up in landfills as waste.
In recent times, various low-cost activated carbons derived from carbonaceous agricultural wastes, including
coconut shells, palm kernel shells , chickpea husks and corn cobs are used as adsorbents for gases and
liquid phase pollutants. Treatment of water in India is done by several processes such as ion exchange,
chemical precipitation and solvent extraction. However, these processes are very selective and expensive.
These Corns were collected from a village near Sitapur and dried in sunlight for 8 hours after consumption.
After the drying process these corn cobs were cut into very small pieces and washed thouroughly and dried
again in sunlight for 8 hours.The dried corn cobs were then treated with a combination of H2SO4 and
H3PO4 in ratio 1:1 as an activating agent for producing activated carbon.The sample was then dried in a hot
air oven for 24 hours.After this these corn cobs were processed in microwave at 120 0 C for about 30
minutes. It was finely distributed after getting jetblack colour into smaller powdery form.The prepared Corn
cobs are then analyzed for pH,moisture content,conductivity,ash content and volatile matter content to
ensure everything is under the permissible standards.
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 409
4.1. Characterization of Corn Cobs Activated Carbon
High moisture content is not desirable as it diluted the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon and
thus,larger dosage would be required. The corn cobs contained 19.50 wt% fixed carbon, 68.62 wt% volatile
matter, 4.41 wt% ash and 5.23 wt% moisture. The carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents were also
analysed which came to be as 44.57 wt%, 6.26 wt% and 1.30 wt%, respectively.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Effect of Contact Time
The contact time is one of the most important parameters that should be considered in adsorption
experiments.The contact time between the pollutants and adsorbent plays a pivotal role in adsorption
treatment of waste water. Tables and Graphs represent the effect of contact time on reduction of all physic-
chemical parametric value.
Observation Table 5.1 on COD (contact time 6 hours) in mg/l
S. No. COD (1
hour)
COD(2hour) COD(4
hours)
COD(6hours) Adsorbent
1 10,420 10,310 5,450 3,450 5 gm CCAC
2 10,300 9,430 4,560 3170 10 gm CCAC
3 10,210 9,120 4,130 2150 15 gm CCAC
4 10,110 8,560 3,140 1560 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table 5.2 on Colour (contact time 6 hours) in Hazen units
S. No. Colour(1
hour)
Colour(2
hour)
Colour(4hour) Colour(6
hour)
Adsorbent
1 3 2.5 2.1 1.7 5 gm CCAC
2 2.8 2.4 2 1.5 10 m CCAC
3 2.7 2.4 1.8 1.2 15 gm CCAC
4 2.6 2.3 1.5 0.8 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table 5.3 on Electrical Conductivity (contact time 6 hours) in Siemens
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 410
S. No. EC(1 hour) EC(2 hour) EC(4 hours) EC(6 hours) Adsorbent
1 28 26 18 16 5 gm CCAC
2 27 25 17 14 10 gm CCAC
3 27 24 15 9 15 gm CCAC
4 26 20 13 5 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table 5.4 on Hardness in mg/l as Calcium Carbonate
S. No. Hardness(1
hr)
Hardness(2
hr)
Hardness(4
hour)
Hardness (6
hour)
Adsorbent
1 180 170 120 100 5 gm CCAC
2 170 160 110 80 10 gm CCAC
3 170 150 100 70 15 gm CCAC
4 170 140 80 50 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table 5.5 on Turbidity in NTU
S. No. Turbidity(1
hr)
Turbidity(2
hr)
Turbidity(4
hour)
Turbidity(6
hours)
Adsorbent
1 45 40 34 30 5 gm CCAC
2 43 38 32 28 10 gm CCAC
3 42 36 30 25 15 gm CCAC
4 42 35 28 22 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table 5.6 on Total Solids in mg/l
S. No. Total
Solids(1
hour)
Total
Solids(2
hours)
Total
Solids(4
hours)
Total
Solids(6
hours)
Adsorbent
1 30230 27600 22300 14670 5 gm CCAC
2 30140 26570 21340 13480 10 gm CCAC
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 411
3 30110 25460 20320 12360 15 gm CCAC
4 30070 24340 19400 11340 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table on 5.7 Nitrogen in mg/l
S. No. Nitrogen(1
hour)
Nitrogen(2
hours)
Nitrogen(4
hours)
Nitrogen(6
hours)
Adsorbent
1 980 930 820 770 5 gm CCAC
2 930 880 750 710 10 gm CCAC
3 910 850 620 510 15 gm CCAC
4 890 820 590 320 20 gm CCAC
Observation Table 5.8 on Chloride in mg/l
S. No. Chloride(1
hour)
Chloride(2
hours)
Chloride(4
hours)
Chloride(6
hours)
Adsorbent
1 5150 5070 4540 4150 5 gm CCAC
2 5100 5030 4320 3450 10 gm CCAC
3 5090 4980 3850 2460 15 gm CCAC
4 5070 4910 3270 1630 20 gm CCAC
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 412
Graph 1 on Effect of Contact Time on removal of Colour
Graph 2 on Effect of contact time on removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand
Graph 3 on Effect of contact time on removal of Electrical Conducivity
COD(1 hour) COD(2 hours) COD( 4 hours) COD(6 hours)
5 gm CCAC 10420 10310 5450 3450
10 gm CCAC 10300 9430 4560 3170
15 gm CCAC 10210 9120 4130 2150
20 gm CCAC 10110 8560 3140 1560
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Ch
em
ical
Oxy
gen
De
me
and
Mg/l
EC(1 hour) EC(2 hours) EC(3 hours) EC(4 hours)
5 gm CCAC 28 26 18 16
10 gm CCAC 27 25 17 14
15 gm CCAC 27 24 15 9
20 gm CCAC 26 20 13 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ele
ctri
cal C
on
du
ctiv
ity
Seimens unit
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 413
Graph 4 on Effect of contact time on removal of Hardness
Graph 5 on Effect of contact time on removal of Turbidity
Hardness(1hour)
Hardness(2hours)
Hardness(4hours)
Hardness( 6hours)
5 gm CCAC 180 170 120 100
10 gm CCAC 170 160 110 80
15 gm CCAC 170 150 100 70
20 gm CCAC 170 140 80 50
020406080
100120140160180200
Har
dn
ess
mg/l in terms of Calcium Carbonate
Turbidity( 1hour)Turbbidity(2
hour)Turbidity(4
hours)Turbidity(6
hours)
5 gm CCAC 45 40 34 30
10 gm CCAC 43 38 36 35
15 gm CCAC 42 36 30 25
20 gm CCAC 42 35 28 22
05
101520253035404550
Turb
idit
y
NTU unit
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Graph 6 on Effect of contact time on removal of Total Solids
Graph 7 on Effect of contact time on removal of Nitrogen
Total Solids(1hours)
Total Solids(2hours)
Total Solids(4hours)
Total Solids(6hours)
5 gm CCAC 30230 27600 22300 14670
10 gm CCAC 30140 26570 21340 13480
15 gm CCAC 30110 25460 20320 12360
20 gm CCAC 30070 24340 19400 11340
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Tota
l So
lids
Mg/l
Nitrogen(1 hour)Nitrogen(2
hours)Nitrogen(4
hours)Nitrogen(6
hours)
5 gm CCAC 980 930 820 770
10 gm CCAC 930 880 750 710
15 gm CCAC 910 850 620 510
20 gm CCAC 890 820 590 320
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Nit
roge
n
Mg/l
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Graph 8 on Effect of contact time on removal of Chlorides
5.2 Effect of adsorbent Dosage
The adsorbent dosage is also a very important parameter in adsorption studies because it determines the
capacity of adsorbent. The experiments were carried at optimum contact time of 6 hours.Amount of
adsorbent used was 20 grams of Corn Cobs Activated Carbon. Increase in quantity of activated carbon
increased the percentage removal of pollutants from the waste water.This was due to more surface area
availability and more surface functional groups. The following charts explain this aspect further.
Chloride(1 hour)Chloride(2
hours)Chloride(4
hours)Chloride(6
hours)
5 gm CCAC 5150 5070 4540 4150
10 gm CCAC 5100 5030 4320 3450
15 gm CCAC 5090 4980 3850 2460
20 gm CCAC 5070 4910 3270 1630
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Ch
lori
de
mg/l
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Chart 1 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
Chart 2 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Colour( 1 hour) Colour(2 hours) Colour( 4 hours) Colour(6 hours)
Co
lou
r
Colour( 1 hour) Colour(2 hours) Colour( 4 hours) Colour(6 hours)
20 gm CCAC 2.6 2.3 1.5 0.8
Hazen Units
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
COD(1 hour) COD(2 hour) COD(4 hours) COD(6 hours)
20 gm CCAC 10110 8560 3140 1560
Ch
em
ical
Oxy
gen
De
man
d
Mg/l
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
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Chart 3 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
Chart 4 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
EC(1 hour) EC(2 hours) EC(4 hours) EC(6 hours)
20 gm CCAC 26 20 13 5
Ele
ctri
cal C
on
du
ctiv
ity
Seimens unit
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Hardness( 1hour)
Hardness(2hours)
Hardness(4hours)
Hardness(6hours)
20 gm CCAC 170 140 80 50
Har
dn
ess
Mg/l in terms of Calcium Carbonate
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Chart 5 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
Chart 6 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
TS( 1hour) TS(2 hours) TS(4 hours) TS(6 hours)
20 gm CCAC 30070 24340 19400 11340
Tota
l So
lids
Mg/l
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Turbidity(1hour)
Turbidity(2hours)
Turbidity(4hours)
Turbidity(6hours)
20 gm CCAC 42 35 28 22
Turb
idit
y
NTU units
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Chart 7 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
Chart 8 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
pH( 1hour) pH(2 hours) pH(4 hours) pH( 6 hours)
20 gm CCAC 3.6 4.5 5.4 6.1
pH
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Nitrogen(1hour)
Nitrogen(2hours)
Nitrogen(4hours)
Nitrogen(6hours)
20 gm CCAC 890 820 590 320
Nit
roge
n
Mg/l
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Chart 9 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
Chart 10 on Effect of 6 hour contact time @ 20 gm CCAC on Waste water
5.3 Conclusions
The present study investigated the effectiveness of Corn Cobs activated carbon(CCAC) for the treatment of
biomethanated distillery condensate waste water. The studies revealed that maximum removal of COD,Total
Solids,Colour,Nitrogen,Chloride,BOD,Hardness was 85.02
%,65.24%,73.33%,67.34%,68.3%,80.4%,72.22%.respectively are obtained at an optimum operating
parameters of 6 hours of contact time when treated with a CCAC dose of 20 gm/mL.
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Chloride(1hour)
Chloride(2hours)
Chloride(4hours)
Chloride(6hours)
20 gm CCAC 5070 4910 3270 1630
Ch
lori
de
Mg/l
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
BOD(1 hour) BOD(2 hours) BOD(4 hours) BOD(6 hours)
20 gm CCAC 4350 3540 1480 850
Bio
logi
cal O
xyge
n D
em
and
Mg/l
© 2019 JETIR April 2019, Volume 6, Issue 4 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIR1904E65 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 421
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