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Waste to Energy -
Reduction of Plastic
Waste into the Ocean
1
Higashiyodo plants, Osaka Japan (400t/d 10MW)
Hitachi Zosen Corporation
September 6, 2017
Makoto Takano
Project Manager
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Company Profile Overview
Company Name
• Hitachi Zosen CorporationCompany Name
• April 1, 1881 by E. H. Hunter from UKDate of Founding
• May 29, 1934Date of Establishment
• Osaka & Tokyo, JAPANLocation of Head office
• 32 Domestic offices & 7 works in Japan
• 43 Overseas offices & subsidiariesOffices
• 45,442million JP¥ (≒441 million USD)Capital
• 399billion JP¥(≒3.87 billion USD, FY2016)Net Sales
• 10,131 (As of March, 2017)Employee
2
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
■ Environmental& Industrial Plants
■ Machinery,Process Equipment
■ Infrastructure, Precise machinery and others
Waste Water Treatment
a
Biogas Systems
a
Waste Treatment Systems
Desalination Plants
3
Marine Diesel Engines
Tunneling Boring Machines Pressure Vessels
Bridges
GPS Oceanographic Monitoring System
Vacuum Equipment and Device
■ Others
Sales Structure by Product
63.7%
26.0%
7.3%
3.0%
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Plastic Waste In the Ocean
4
50-60% of plastic waste entering the ocean comes from China, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnamand Philippine.
Approximately 3% of plastic waste (8 million ton per year)goes into the Ocean
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
44%
17%
16%
9%
8%
6%
Disposal Options (%)
Landfill
Waste Incineration
Open Dump
Others
Source: WHAT A WASTE A Global Review of Solid Waste Management, March 2012, No. 15
Municipal Solid Waste Disposal of Worldwide
Compost
Recycling
5
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
79%
19%
2%
Disposal Options (%)
Recycling
Municipal Solid Waste Disposal of Japan
Direct LandfillRecycling
Source: Waste Management and Recycling Department, Ministry of Environment
33,900,000t/y
825,000t/y
590t/y
6
Waste Incineration
In 1930 Japanese government established a law in which incinerator installation is mandatory in every municipality.
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Flow of MSW in 23 Cities of Tokyo
7
Combustible waste
Incombustible waste
Large-sized waste
Transfer
Collect resources
Collection /Transport of
waste(23 cities)
Ash-MeltingFacilities
Pulverized Waste
Processing Center
Final disposalIntermediate processing of waste
(Clean Association of TOKYO 23)
Processing and re-production for recycling by private businesses
incombustibles
Transferlarge-sized
waste
21 WtE plants
within 23 Cities
2 Incombustible
Waste Processing
Center
Pulverization
Processing
Plant for
Large-sized
Waste
Used of incineration ash for construction & others by processing into slag
Recovery of Steel and
aluminum for sale
(Tokyo Metropolitan Government)
Ou
ter Cen
tral Breakw
ater Land
fill Disp
osal
Site or N
ew Sea Su
rface Disp
osal Site
Efficient use of heat energy Power generation: in-house use/sale of surplus power Heat supply to in-door swimming pool and others
Resources
Proper collection and Source segregation is basis of waste management
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Plastic Recycle in Japan
8
1. PET Bottles
2. Plastic containers and packing
3. Plastic Products(involved in Combustible Waste)
Producer’s Responsibility in the “Containers and Packaging Recycling law”
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Waste Management Hierarchy
9
Energy Recovery by incineration, anaerobic digestion, or similar processes
Island countries like Japan have less disposal area for landfill site or dump site.
3RReduceReuseRecycle
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
l The Maldives, the chain of twenty six atolls, is a sovereign island country and archipelago in the Indian Ocean.
l Malé is the capital and most populous city in the country with a population of 153,000 and an area of 5.8 km2, it is also one of the most densely populated cities in the world.
The Maldives
11
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Solid Waste Management in Maldives
12
1. Waste collection
3. Recyclable material transportation
2. Waste segregation & Recycle
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Solid Waste Management in Maldives
13
4. Waste transportation to Thilafushi island
5. Thilafushi island
Open incineration without flue gas treatment system makes toxic gas fume.
Contamination by floating waste at surrounding lagoons
Approximately 500t/d of waste is transfer to Thilafushi island from Male and four resorts islands.
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp. 14
Solid waste is collected, recycled and the rest is transported to Thilafushi island.
Current Waste Management in Maldives
Material Recycle
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp. 15
Waste Management Option in Maldives
Waste to Energy
Incombustible & Construction Debris
Ash
Sanitary Landfill Site
Material Recycle
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Waste to EnergyA proven and reliable technology that recovers energy from waste by incineration.A hygienic method of treating waste and reduces its volume by about 90%.300-800kWh electricity can be recovered from 1 ton of waste.
Electric power and/or
Steam / hot water
Ash: 10% of original volume
Municipal Solid Waste
Sanitary Landfill Site
WtE plant
What is WtE?
16
Ex. 1ton of Waste
→
Power: 300- 800 kWh
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp. 17
Process of Osaka Higashiyodo WtE Plant
1 Tipping hall
2 Waste pit
3 Waste crane
4 Feed hopper
5 Reciprocating incineration grate
6 Bottom ash discharger
7 Bottom ash pit
8 Bottom ash crane
9 3-pass steam generator
10 Economizer
11 Fabric filter
12 Wet scrubber
13 Gas reheater
14 SCR
15 IDF
16 Stack
17 Combustion air preheater
18 Turbine Generator
19 Air cooled steam condenser
20 Condensate tank
21 Available waste heat facility
22 Residue screening system
23 Fly ash treatment system
24 Waste water treatment system
Capacity: 200t/d x 2 units
Steam Condition: 4MPa x 400℃
Power Generation Capacity: 10,000kW
Generating Efficiency: 20.4%
RefuseAsh/ResidueFlue gasCombustion airSteamCondensateWaste water
4
3
7
2
1
24
8
9
1011
12
1314
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
21
23
6
5
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Waste
Drying Grate
Combustion Grate
Burnout Grate
Combustion Gas
Ash
Ram Feeder
Stoker Type Combustion System
18
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Semi-Dry typeBag Filter
Dust HCl, HF, SOx, etc
NOx Dioxin Remarks
Bag Filter Dry type, Semi-dry type
Wet Type Scrubber Wet type
Non-Catalytic De-NOx Device SNCR
Catalytic De-NOx Device SCR
Equipment for Flue Gas Treatment
Flue Gas Treatment
19
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Dioxin Emission from WtE Plant in Japan
20
Dioxin Emissions from Waste Incinerators in Japan
1997:Guidelines for Prevention of dioxin and related to waste disposal
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
年度
総排
出量
[g-
TEQ
/年
]
小型焼却炉
産廃焼却施設
一廃焼却施設
191(2.6%)
206(2.8%)
225(3.0%)
226(3.0%) 135(1.8%)
7,432(100%)
3,582(48.2%)
2,728(36.7%)
2,187(29.4%)
1,745(23.5%)
760(10.2%)
232(3.1%)
( )内の数値は,1997年度の総排出量を100%としたときの割合
Dio
xin
Em
issi
on
s (g
/yea
r)
Year
Small Incinerator
Industrial Waste Incinerator
Municipal Waste Incinerator
Source: Ministry of Environment web site
97%Reduction
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Plastic as alternative fuel in WtE plant
21
Oil Fired Power Plant
Plastic Products
Waste to Energy Plant
Material Cascade Usage
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Europe
213Asia
587
Oceania
3
North America
79
886
Reference projects for Waste Thermal Treatment
SouthAmerica
1
Africa
3
22
As of March 2017
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Negative Effects of Open dumping
Threatening our sanitary and healthy life.
23
・ Toxic gas from open incineration・ Methane gas -> Global warming
Waste to Energy is becoming mainstream
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
l Our first WtE facility in India
l Hitachi Zosen India (HZIND) as a consortium leader
l LoCal standard model plant (Low cost, Localization, Standardization)
l HZIND supplied “chute to stack” technology and equipment
Client: Jabalpur MSW Private Limited
Start-up: 2016
TechnologyFurnace: Grate furnace (air-cooled)Energy recovery: 4-pass boiler, turbineFlue gas treatment: Bag filter
Technical DataFuel: MSWWaste Capacity:600t/d (600t/d x 1)Net calorific value: 6.9 MJ/kgThermal capacity: 48 MWGenerator capacity: 11.5 MW
Jabalpur, India
24
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Waste Industry Drivers
25
• Global Policies
• Directives by Country
Legal Frameworks Resources Waste Problem
• Natural Resources Shortage
• Raw Materials Retrieving
• Growing Landfill
• Increasing Emissions
• Plastic Waste in the Ocean
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Waste Management: downstream of resource life?
26
Consuming
ProductDisposal
RessourceRecovery
Landfill
Raw Materials
Energy
Distribution
WtE saves up to 2 ton CO2 per
treated ton of waste.
WtE eliminates Methane emissions
from Landfill.WtE offsets CO2
from power production.
Manu-facturing
Copyright Hitachi Zosen Corp.
Reduction of Plastic Waste into the Ocean
27
l Proper Waste Collection is basis of Waste Management
l Avoid Open Dumping
l Combination of Recycle and Waste to Energy is better solution
l Advanced Resources and Energy Cycle can reduce Waste itself
WtE can reduce Plastic Waste into the OceanJapan can contribute more and more in Waste Management field