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Water – A Scarce Resource
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Panelists Katherine Crowther Acting Senior Engineer, Toronto Water – Water Infrastructure Management Renee Chu Water Consultant Business Operations Management , Toronto Water Denise Wight Director of Sales, New Wave Industries Claire Darmanin Chief Operating Officer, International Carwash Association
Water in the News - Canada
Water in the News – Around the World
Water – The most important ingredient in
the carwash process.
Things you need to know: 1. Aging Infrastructure,
2. Increasing Costs and Supply Issues 3. Conservation
4. Reclaim 5. Marketing
Infrastructure, Supply and Costs Toronto Water Infrastructure Renewal and
Capital Works Programs
Katherine Crowther Acting Senior Engineer, Toronto Water – Water Infrastructure Management
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R.C. Harris Water Treatment Plant
R.C. Harris Water Treatment Plant
• Serves 3.2 million residents and businesses in Toronto, and portions of York and Peel
• Operates many facilities 24 hours per day, 365 days per year
• Toronto Water Capital Program is 100% rate-supported and no reliance on the property tax base to support Toronto Water operating and capital budgets.
Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant
Toronto Water Overview
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WATER - $9.0 Billion 4 water filtration plants 10 reservoirs and 4 elevated
storage tanks 5,427 km of distribution
watermains and 528 km of trunk watermains
60,933 valves and 40,817 hydrants
470,202 water service connections, plus York Region (population served 600,000)
18 water pumping stations
WASTEWATER - $19.0 Billion 4 wastewater treatment plants 5 storage and detention tanks 4,400 km of sanitary, 1,300 km of
combined and 4,300 km of storm sewers
151,485 maintenance holes 463,300 sewer service connections 82 wastewater pumping stations 371 km of watercourses, 89
stormwater management ponds 2,300 outfalls & 165,662
catchbasins
Inventory of Assets - Replacement Value of $28 Billion
Watermain Construction History (1858 – 1960)
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
Num
ber o
f Bre
ak R
ecor
ds
Year
Etobicoke
North York
Scarborough
Former Toronto
Annual Watermain Breaks (1960-2010)
16
Aging Infrastructure and Capital Renewal Rates
– $1.6 billion backlog ($1.1 billion for underground assets; $500 million for water/wastewater treatment plants and facilities).
Program Challenges
29
State of Good Repair Funding & Backlog
SOGR Backlog
SOGR Budget Proposed
Annual Renewal Need
26
2012 Capital Budget
27
2012-2021 Capital Plan by Asset Class ($000s)
2012 Water Rate
35
How Does Toronto Compare?
593 537 648 924
207 261 186
32
458
685723 725 734 800 798 834
956990
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
$/ye
ar
2011 Water Cost Residential (300 m3/y)
Total Charge
Fixed Charge
36
How Does Toronto Compare?
$1,525 $1,505 $1,603 $1,791
$2,408 $2,416
$3,080
$3,301
$-
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
$ 00
0s/Y
2011 Water Cost Large Industrial (1,000,000 m3/Y)
37
2012 Water Rate Increase Impact
• Daily cost for all residential water, wastewater and stormwater services only $2.04 per day.
• An increase of: 17¢ per household per day.
Type of Property Consumption
2011 Full Annualized Cost *
Projected 2012 Cost
m3/y $/y $/y $/y %
Residential 300 $685 $747 $62 9.00%
Industrial 100,000 $164,009 $178,769 $14,761 9.00%1,000,000 $1,603,082 $1,747,359 $144,277 9.00%
2012 Rate Increase Impact
* Rate increase implemented March 1, 2011, represents full 12 months annualized cost
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Projected Water Rate Increase
2012 PROJECTIONS 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Block 1 Rate Icrease 10.80% 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%Block 2 Rate Icrease 8.58% 9.00% 9.00% 9.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
Reduction over Block 1 Rate 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30%
• Katherine Crowther, P.Eng.
• Senior Engineer, Water Infrastructure Management • City of Toronto
• www.toronto.ca/water
Questions?
Efficiency and Conservation
Renee Chu Water Consultant
Business Operations Management , Toronto Water
Water Conservation - Do we have a water shortage? Why should we care? What can the carwash industry do to improve water efficiency? What’s in it for me? – City of Toronto “Capacity Buyback” cash incentives program
City of Toronto Water Efficiency Program
Great Lakes region Access to 18% of the world’s surface freshwater supply shared by 1% of the global population!!!
If there isn’t a water shortage locally, why is water efficiency important?
Treatment of drinking water and wastewater consumes a lot of energy and chemicals Improved efficiency = less chemicals use for treatment and less energy for distribution To produce 1 cubic metre of water requires approximately 1.0 to 1.2 kWh of electricity (= lighting a 60 watt light bulb for 17 hrs) Reduction in wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge helps improve water quality
To help protect the environment
If there isn’t a water shortage locally, why is water efficiency important?
Although water rate in Toronto is still fairly low (just under $2.50 per cubic metre), it’s been rising by 9% annually since 2008 Efficiency = directly lowering water bill Lowering operating cost of water infrastructure = indirectly lowering water bill
To help individuals and businesses save $$!
Water savings opportunities for the carwash industry
Full, turn-key systems, or site- specific systems More challenging for in-bay automatic carwash compared to conveyors because all chemical products and contaminants end up in the same separator tank Proper maintenance is critical to ensure quality of reclaimed water
1. Reclaim systems
Water savings opportunities for the carwash industry
Low flow nozzles, proper nozzle alignment and pressure Properly calibrated conveyors - nozzles timed to turn on as the vehicle passes under the arch, and shut off as the vehicle exits each arch Laser sensors - identify the length of the vehicle being washed in automatic carwashes Leaks repair – simple, yet effective!
2. Other proven conservation practices
City of Toronto Capacity Buy Back Program
Open to all commercial and institutional organizations located in the City of Toronto
E.g. Schools, health care facilities, office towers, shopping centres, restaurants, hotels, carwashes etc.
Who? Helps organizations identify ways to use water more efficiently – save $, enhance productivity
Allows the City to “buy back” water capacity freed up by participants through water use reduction
Why?
City of Toronto Capacity Buy Back Program
Implementation of permanent process or equipment change = up to 30 cents cash incentive per litre saved per annual average day
Participants can save $ over the long term with reduced water bill
What? Program is ongoing
When?
How the Capacity Buy Back Program works
Step 1: Company contact the City to express interest in participation Step 2: Company will be contacted by the City to determine eligibility and
options Step 3: If deemed eligible, a professional engineer contracted by the City will
complete a water use audit for the organization Step 4: Implementation of some or all water efficiency measures identified in
the audit (please note that the participant is solely responsible for project implementation)
Step 5: The City will verify water efficiency measure(s) completed by the
participant Step 6: A incentive will be issued (up to 30 cents per litre of water saved per
average day)
Program Highlights To Date: • 94 applicants • Participants saved $7.82 million • Water Savings 10.44 ML/d (> 4 Olympic size pools/day) • Paid out $2.8 million in incentives
FAQs Q: What does a water use audit consist of? A: Engineer will conduct site visit to identify all water using activities on premise, and
recommend water saving measures relevant to each water using activity. An estimate on payback period for each measure will also be provided
Q: What type of water efficiency measures are eligible for an incentive under the Capacity
Buyback program? A: Permanent process or equipment change, i.e. those not impacted by behavioural change.
E.g. replacing water-cooled refrigeration with air-cooled units, installing reclaim systems Q: If the incentive amount does not cover the cost of implementation, why should I
participate? A: Cash incentive would defray upfront capital cost, or help reduce the cost of implementing
further water efficiency measures. Using water more efficiently will generate long term savings from water bill, reduce energy
use, sewer charges and increase productivity Q: What’s the application process? A: Please contact the Water Efficiency Office Contact info: [email protected], 416-392-7000
Questions?
Renee Chu Water Consultant, Service Programs
Toronto Water City of Toronto 416-392-7015
Reclaim
Denise Wight Director of Sales, New Wave Industries
WHAT IS WATER RECLAMATION?
Reclaim by definition is to ‘get back’, ‘retrieve’ or ‘recover’.
Reclaiming the water is the first step in the process of water management.
Reclaim water needs to be: – separated from the
“solids” – filtered – treated for odor prior to
being utilized again.
Proper Tank Design for Underground Water Storage is Critical in the Reclamation Process
A series of water storage tanks are installed underground to capture the reclaimed water.
The water contains “solids” up to 150 microns Optimum wash quality water post water reclamation filtration is 5 microns. A poorly designed tanking system can potentially mean disaster for the carwash
operator.
The Theory of Settling
Stoke’s Law V (R/S) = (g x (Rho1 – Rho2) x D^2) / 18 Nu
Where: V (R/S) = Rise or Settling Velocity of a Particle
(cm / sec) g = Acceleration by Gravity (cm / sec^2)
Rho1 = Density of Medium (g / cm^3) Rho2 = Density of Particle (g / cm^3)
D = Particle Diameter (cm) Nu = Viscosity of Medium (g / cm / sec)
How Big is a Micron Anyway? – A human eye can see 25-35
microns at best – A human hair is typically 50
microns in diameter – Gravel: 10,000 microns (approx.
3/8 in.) – Coarse sand: 1,000 microns – Fine sand / Table salt:70 - 100
microns – Silt / Talcum Powder: 10 microns – Bacteria: 1-10 microns
With the ever increasing use of 0° nozzles and the requirements set forth by pump manufacturers’ which require 5 micron quality water as a standard provision of their warranty; 5 micron quality water is essential!
Filtration: 101… Or … What is the Best Method to Obtain 5 Micron Water?
–Media Filtration – Or depth filtration is the process of pit water being sucked from the reclaim tanks by a pump and pushed through a filter media. The most common media are activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, silica sand and glass. •Consistency can be a major problem with these systems as well as bacteria growth in the filter bed. •expensive to operate and produces a inconsistent quality of water.
Bag Filtration –reclaim water is forced through a filter bag, This is an extremely labor intensive process, most often, bags need to be changed on a daily basis.
Cyclonic separators –Hydro cyclones separate solids from water through a vortex that spins the solids and separate them from the water. This can be the most effective form of filtration. Not all cyclone separators are created equal. Many systems on the market are unable to achieve 25 microns or less. Make sure the manufacturer will ensure engineer certified 5 micron quality water.
Filtration: 101… Or … What is the Best Method to Obtain 5 Micron Water?
Last, but Certainly Not Least…Odor Control
If you as a distributor or as a consumer, have been to one or more wash locations that utilize an old
reclaim you can appreciate anything that
would mitigate, minimize or eliminate the offensive odor… In fact, it really isn’t the water that smells, it’s a microorganism called anaerobic bacteria that is the source
of the offensive odor…
Eliminating Odor at it’s Source! The 6 Most Popular Methods Utilized to Eliminate Odor are…
Chlorine: Benefit - Works, but only for a short period of time, the odor will return in a day or two.
Chlorine: Disadvantage - Chlorine is a reactive chemical, it starts attacking the metal and seals in pumps causing premature failure.
Pit Odor Deodorizers: Benefit - Deodorizers can temporarily mask the odor with a chemically formulated scent such as cherry or lemon.
Pit Odor Deodorizers: Disadvantage - Do not kill the bacteria, in fact, they can compound the odor problem by adding additional contaminants to the waste water.
Ultra-Violet: Benefit – Can be effective to eliminate anaerobic bacteria by passing reclaim water over a UV light which kills the bacteria.
Ultra-Violet: Disadvantage - Reclaim water is dirty which creates a film over the UV lamps impairing their ability to eliminate the bacteria.
Enzymes: Benefit – Enzymes consume the organic material that provides a food source to anaerobic bacteria, by eliminating the source of food, the bacteria can not survive.
Enzymes: Disadvantage – It is imperative to utilize the right enzyme, one that is formulated for the chemistry used and your vehicle washing application.
The 6 Most Popular Methods Utilized to Eliminate Odor are…(cont.)
Biological Systems: Benefit - Similar to enzymes as both are organic and designed to consume the bacteria. Biological Systems: Disadvantage – Requires a active, healthy specific population, oxygen and a balanced pH environment to survive. Very labor intensive, requires daily monitoring by a trained technician and is sensitive to changes in temperature and chemistry. Ozone: Benefit – Ozone or O³ is a reactive gas that will kill odor causing bacteria and will effectively remove color such as dyes in chemistry. Ozone: Disadvantage – Ozone is very aggressive and can prematurely degrade rubber, pumps and gaskets. A Ozone gas generator should be carefully sized specifically for the tank design and vehicle washing application. The Ozone system utilized should have a documented ETL approval by the manufacturer of the reclaim system to assure the Operator that ALL necessary control and safeguards measures have been followed to provide safe operation.
WHERE CAN RECLAIM WATER BE USED?
• UNDERCARRIAGE
• SIDE PANELS
• HIGH PRESSURE RINSE
• FLOODER ARCHES
• MITTERS
• LAWN / SHRUB WATERING
RETRO-FITTING RECLAIM
#1, most important thing – Get the manufacturer involved! Key things to determine:
– Site needs to have access to sewer, leach field, or holding tanks. – Sites needs to have or install reclaim tanks (above ground tanks can
be used) – Reclaim tanks need to have a minimum of one 2” suction line and
one 1” return line At most locations, a reclaim lease at $475 month will be less
then the your water and sewer bills.
ABOVE GROUND STORAGE TANKS
How does reclaim effect wash quality?
• A properly designed reclaim system will have no adverse effect on wash quality…
• In order to have no adverse effect it must: • Clean the water well enough for high
pressure pumps • Have no odor • Have minimal maintenance
•Achieves 5 micron quality water •Eliminates the maintenance typically associated with reclaim systems •Uses ozone in a controlled manner to manage odor causing bacteria and remove dyes from chemicals •Operates 24 hours a day 7 days a week to ensure the delivery of a quality carwash
What to look for in Reclaim:
•A system that costs between $20,000 and $30,000
•More expensive systems are typically overkill and difficult for an operator to maintain
•Like with any equipment, a certain amount of maintenance is required, a typical ozone system requires refurbishment in about 2 years
What to look for in Reclaim:
What should be considered with Reclaim systems:
A few last points... – Avoid silicone and oil based chemical products. Silicone
will clog filters, oil based products will create a slime in the recycled water.
– There are several ways to build without a sewer but there is no such thing as a true zero discharge system. Somewhere, sometime water must be discharged whether it is periodically pumping your storage tanks, irrigation or a leach field; used water has to go somewhere.
– Fresh water or spot free water should always be used for chemical application and a RO/spot free rinse is highly recommended.
Claire Darmanin Chief Operating Officer, International Carwash
Association
WaterSavers
• Recognition program of professional car washing’s good environmental practices – Focused around water practices at this time
• Who will benefit? – Car wash operators – Car wash customers – Water regulators (or employees of municipal
governments with responsibilities for preserving water)
Why Green?
• Revenue – Customers appreciate “green” practices and therefore will utilize “green” car washes.
• Expense – Water costs continue to increase – reclaiming water saves money.
• Regulator pressure - Need to remind regulators that car washes as environmentally friendly in times of drought.
• Altruism - Right thing to do for the environment.
Program Benefits
• Car wash operators have an easy to implement, professional way to promote their environmental stewardship practices and differentiate their businesses from other car washes.
www.WashWithWaterSavers.com
Why is this an exciting time to join WaterSavers?
• Consumer recognition of the WaterSavers brand and mark. • Increased investment in public relations activities in both the
U.S. and Canada • Unprecedented alignment with the industry associations • Increased visibility from local and North American media
