Water and Body Fluid 2012

7/29/2019 Water and Body Fluid 2012

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1. Carrier nutrient & waste product

2. Maintain the structure of large molecules (protein &

glycogen)

3. Participates in metabolic reaction4. Regulator of normal body temperature

5. Maintains blood volume

6. Act as lubricant & cushion (joint, eye, spinal cord, amnion)

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1. Every cells exact intracellular fluids & bathed extracellular

fluids

2. These fluids continually lose & replace composition in

each compartment remarkably constant under normal

condition

3. Imbalance (normal condition) quick response by

adjusting water intake & excretion

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4. Thirst & satiety influence water intake blood becomes

concentrate, mouth become dry, hypothalamus initiates

drinking behavior stomach & heart (blood monitor) send

signal to stop drinking

5. To much water loss & not replaced dehydration

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Body Weight Lost

(%)

Symptoms

1-2 Thirst, fatigue, weakness, vague discomfort, loss of appetite

3-4 Impaired physical performance, dry mouth, reduction in urine,

flushed skin, impatience, apathy

5-6 Difficulty in concentration, headache, irritability, sleepiness,

impaired temperature regulation , increase respiratory rate

7-10 Dizziness, spastic muscle, loss of balance, delirium, exhaustion,

collapse

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6. Water intoxication rare excessive intake & kidney

disease

7. Water losses normal : 500 ml urine, lung, skin

8. Water recommendation: 1 -1,5 ml/kcal (adults), and 1,5ml/kcal (infant & athlete)

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Central to regulation of blood volume & blood pressure are

kidney

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First Regulator

1. ADH & water retention blood volume & blood pressure

falls/extracellular become too concentrate pituitary gland

ADH (anti diuretic hormone) = water conserving hormone

kidney reabsorb water

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Second Regulator

2. Renin & sodium retention kidney cells response low

blood pressure renin reabsorb sodium = restore blood

volume & blood pressure

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Third Regulator

3. Angiotensin & blood vessel constriction renin activate

protein angiotensinogen angiotensin = powerful

vasoconstriction narrows the diameters blood vessel

raising blood pressure

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Fourth Regulation

4. Aldosterone & sodium retention angiotensin mediates

the hormone aldosterone adrenal gland kidney retain

more sodium & water more water needed, less is

excreted

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Maintaining a balance 2/3 body fluid inside cells & 1/3

outside = vital too more : rapture, too less : collapse

major mineral to control

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1. Dissociation of salt in water salt (ex. NaCl) + water

dissociates ions (Na+ & Cl-) cation & anion electrical

current electrolyte = electrolyte solution balance

concentration

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2. Electrolyte attract water water charge zero (slightly O- &

slightly H+) electrolyte solution attract water molecules

around them dissolve salt in water & enables the body to

move fluids into appropriate compartment

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3. Water follows electrolyte outside cells (Na & Cl), inside

cells (K, Mg, Phosphate, Sulfur) when move across

membrane, water follows water across membrane

process called = osmosis

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4. Protein regulate flow of fluids & ions regulate the passage

of positive ions & other substance regulator protein

sodium-potassium pump actively exchange sodium for

potassium across membrane using ATP

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5. Regulation of fluid & electrolyte balance regulation in two

sites : GI tract & the kidneys

GI tractdigestive juice (contain minerals) these

mineral & those from food reabsorbed in large intestine

as needed 8 ltr/day recycled this way opportunity for

regulation

The kidneys to regulate the electrolyte content depend

on adrenal gland aldosterone reabs sodium-excr potassium

to regulate water depend on ADH

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1. Sodium & chloride most easily lost because they are the

bodys principal extracellular cation & anion first loss when

sweating, bleeding/excrt

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2. Different solutes lost by different routes vomiting &

diarrhea = sodium, kidney tumors = potassium, diabetes un-

control = solute (glucose) & fluids dehydration water

alone cannot restore

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3. Replacing lost fluids & electrolyte in normal drink water

& eat food, in abnormal simple formula (ORT = oral

rehydration therapy)

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The Body must maintain the pH within narrow range life-

threatening consequences slight deviation damage protein

= metabolic mayhem enzymes couldnt catalyzed reaction,

hemoglobin cannot carry oxygen

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The acidity concentration of hydrogen (H+), hydrogen =

acid

Normal metabolism generate hydrogen

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Three systems defend ph-buffer blood, respiration lungs

& excretion kidney

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1. By buffer bicarbonate (a base) & carbonic acid (an acid) ~

body fluids against changes in acidity

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2. By the lungs carbon dioxide (from metab) ~ carbonic acid

in blood dissociated hydrogen & bicarbonate ~ can

balancing pH by reaction with carbonic acid carbonic

acid produce ~ respiration rate speed up bicarbonate ~

respiration rate slow down

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3. By kidneys primary role in maintaining long- term control

of acid-base balance ~ by which ions to retain & which to

excrete their work is complex total acid burden

remains nearly constant ~ urines acidity fluctuates to

accommodate that balance

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THANK YOU

Documents

Water and Body Fluid 2012