W t li ti Water application methods (Part II)methods (Part – II)

WRE – IUNIT- VI

P f S S JAHAGIRDARProf S S JAHAGIRDARBE (CIVIL), ME(ENV.),PhD(persuing)NK Orchid college of Engg and Tech SolapurNK Orchid college of Engg. and Tech. , Solapur

Contents

Drip irrigationDrip irrigationSprinkler irrigation

1] Drip irrigationAlso known as trickle irrigation Drip irrigation refers to

li ti f t i ll application of water in small quantity at the rate of mostly less quantity at the rate of mostly less than 12 Lit/hr as drops to the

f h l h h zone of the plants through a network of plastic pipes fitted network of plastic pipes fitted with emitters.

Componentsi) HEAD EQUIPMENTS

b f ka. Water source - Subsurface tank b. Pump - Suction, monoblock pump, b. Pump Suction, monoblock pump, delivery non return valve, gate valve

Filt t ti S d filt c. Filter station - Sand filter, screen filter, manifold and pressure gauge d. Fertiliser application - Fertilisertank and ventury assemblytank and ventury assembly

ii) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

e. Conveyance line - Main line sub e. Conveyance line Main line, sub main, laterals, minor tubes and end caps.f D i P di f. Drippers - Pressure corresponding drippers.g. Valves - Non-return valve (NRV), Ball

valves Air release valve (ARV) flush valves, Air release valve (ARV), flush valves h fh. Water meter - If necessary

Types of FiltersSand filter

SCREEN FILTER

Accessories

MERITS1. Increased water use efficiency2. Better crop yield3 U if d b tt lit f 3. Uniform and better quality of the cropsp4. Efficient and economic use or fertilizer through fertigation

L d th5. Less weed growth

6. Minimum damage to the soil structurestructure7. Avoidance of leaf burn due to 7saline soil8 U i d l ti d l 8. Usage in undulating areas and less permeable soilp9. Labour saving10. High uniformity suitable for automizationautomization11. No over irrigation

11. Nutrients preservation p12. No soil erosion13. Suitable for any topography.14. Increase in net irrigable area

l f h15. Cultivation of cash crops6 V i ti i li ti 16. Variation in application

raterate.

DEMERITS

l i f d i1. Clogging of drippers Ch i l i it ti 2. Chemical precipitation

3 Salt accumulation at wetting 3. Salt accumulation at wetting front

1] Sprinkler irrigation

In the sprinkler method of irrigationIn the sprinkler method of irrigation,water is sprayed into the air and

ll d f ll h d fallowed to fall on the ground surfacesomewhat resembling rainfall. Thegspray is developed by the flow ofwater under pressure through smallwater under pressure through smallorifices or nozzles. The pressure isusually obtained by pumping.

Advantages of sprinkler irrigation Elimination of the channels for conveyance, Elimination of the channels for conveyance, therefore no conveyance loss Suitable to all types of soil except heavy clay Suitable to all types of soil except heavy clay Suitable for irrigating crops where the plant

l ti it i hi h It i t population per unit area is very high. It is most suitable for oil seeds and vegetable crops Water saving Closer control of water application ppconvenient for giving light and frequent irrigation and irrigation and higher water application efficiency

Increase in yieldMobility of systemMobility of systemMay also be used for undulating areaSaves land as no bunds etc. are requiredAreas located at a higher elevation than Areas located at a higher elevation than

the source can be irrigatedPossibility of using soluble fertilizers and chemicalsLess problem of clogging of sprinkler nozzles due to sediment laden waternozzles due to sediment laden water

Traveling Volume Gun Sprinkler Irrigating from Traveling Volume Gun Sprinkler Irrigating from LagoonLagoongg

Portable SolidPortable Solid--Set Sprinkler SystemSet Sprinkler System

Fairway Runoff Research PlotsFairway Runoff Research Plotsat OSU Turf Research Farmat OSU Turf Research Farmat OSU Turf Research Farmat OSU Turf Research Farm

SideSide--Roll Sprinkler Lateral in PeanutsRoll Sprinkler Lateral in Peanuts

Center Pivot System with Spray Pad Center Pivot System with Spray Pad SprinklersSprinklersSprinklersSprinklers

Components

(i) A pump unit(i) A pump unit(ii) Tubings - main/ sub mains and

l t llaterals(iii) Couplers( ) p(iv) Sprinkler head( ) O h i h l (v) Other accessories such as valves,

bends, plugs and risers.

Constraints in application of sprinkler irrigation (Demerits)sprinkler irrigation (Demerits)

(i) Uneven water distribution due to ( )high winds.

(ii) E ti l h ti (ii) Evaporation loss when operating under high temperatures.g p

(iii) Highly impermeable soils are not it blsuitable.

(iv) Initial cost is high.(iv) Initial cost is high.

No wind

Elongated parallel pattern

(viii) More water requirement as d d i i i icompared to drip irrigation.

(ix) High water pressure (ix) High water pressure required in sprinkler (>2.5 required in sprinkler (>2.5 kg/cm2).

(x) Difficulty in irrigation during i d i i klwind in sprinkler .

UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY QUESTIONSQ

•Write detailed note on drip irrigation. Alsodraw layout of drip irrigation system showingdraw layout of drip irrigation system showingdifferent components.(N 2008 N 2007 8 k M 2007 N(Nov 2008 Nov 2007,8 marks, May 2007 Nov2006 ,10 marks)•Write detailed note on Sprinkler method ofirrigation. Also draw layout of sprinklerirrigation system showing different components.(May 2006 ,8 marks)(May 2006 ,8 marks)•Draw and discuss layout of a drip irrigationsystem with its suitabilitysystem with its suitability.(Nov 2009, 6 marks)

•Discuss the drip irrigation and sprinklerirrigation methods with their suitabilityirrigation methods with their suitability.(May 2009, 7 marks)•Discuss the sprinkler irrigation system indetails with layout, advantages, limitationsdetails with layout, advantages, limitationsand suitability.(M 2010 7 k )(May 2010, 7 marks)•Discuss the sprinkler irrigation system inp g ydetails with their advantages anddisadvantagesdisadvantages.(Nov 2010, 8 marks)