Water Clarification PWO Seminar 2013 - Nalco

1

March 29, 2013

6th Annual PWO Industrial

Wastewater Treatment

Seminar

2

Chris Hutchings Account Manager

Nalco An Ecolab Company

3

The water was not fit drink, to make it palatable, we had to

add whiskey. By diligent effort,

I learned to like it -Winston Churchill

Agenda

Introduction to Nalco and Ecolab

Chemistry of waste water treatment

Coagulation

Flocculation

Nalmet

Dissolved Air Flotation

Membranes

More than 85 years of experience

Nalco Formed in 1928

National Aluminate Corporation

A Network of Experts to Support Your Plant Operations

Industry Expertise

Everywhere Around the World

Increased Reach

8

Wastewater is the result of lost product and

cleaning practices in the manufacturing

process. These make their way into the plant

drainage systems.

It is far more cost effective to prevent them

mixing with the water in the first place.

Prevention is better than the cure!

9

Coagulation on

Settling Characteristics of Suspended

Particles in a Static Environment

10

1

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

0.00001

0.000001

0.487 sq. in. (314.2 mm2)

4.87 sq. in. (31.42 cm2)

48.7 sq. in. (314.2 cm2)

3.38 sq. ft. (0.314 m2)

33.8 sq. ft. (3.14 m2)

37.5 sq yd. (31.4 m2)

0.7 acre (0.283 ha)

7.0 acres (2.83 ha)

Gravel

Coarse Sand

Fine Sand

Silt

Bacteria

Colloidal Particles

Colloidal Particles

Colloidal Particles

0.3 sec.

3 sec.

38 sec.

33 min.

55 hr.

230 days

6.3 yr.

63 years. min.

Diameter of

Particle, mm Order of Size Total Surface Area*

Time Required

to Settle **

* Area for particles of indicated size produced from a particle 10 mm in diameter with a

specific gravity of 2.65

** Calculations based on a sphere with specific gravity of 2.65 to settle one foot (30.48 cm)

POLYMER

CHARACTERIZATION

Type

Coagulant

Flocculant

Chemistry

Inorganic

Organic

Molecular Weight

Coagulants - Examples

Inorganic Coagulants

Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) Polyaluminum Chloride Aluminum Chloride Sodium Aluminate Ferric Sulfate Ferric Chloride

Organic Coagulants

DADMAC Epi/DMA

Inorganic/Organic Blends

What Is It?

Coagulation is the destabilization of charged

colloidal particles by neutralizing forces that

keep them apart.

Think of trying to join two magnets

Same poles / charges is a fight (++)

Different poles / charges attract (+-)

Coagulation

Coagulation is generally accomplished by the

addition of the coagulant which neutralizes the

charges and collapses the cloud surrounding

the colloids so that the particles can

agglomerate.

How Does It Work?

Most organic products that are naturally occurring have

an excess of negative

charge

Most coagulants you will use have a positive charge

to neutralize these clouds

Careful! You can add excess coagulant and

reverse the effect

How Does This Affect My Plant?

Poor coagulation will result in poor plant performance.

Particles will not be easily separated from the water.

Discharge will have:

High TSS

High Turbidity

Failure to meet discharge requirements.

What Do I Need To Know To Use It?

Coagulants can be added at 100% strength (neat).

Initial rapid mixing of coagulants.

Neutralization of particle surface charges.

Collisions between neutralized particles.

18

Flocculation

What Is It?

Flocculation is the agglomeration or building up

of smaller particles into a form that may be

easily removed from the water phase.

Flocculation

The flocculant creates a bridge

between the destabilized particles

to form larger more easily

separated flocs. It also aids with

bubble attachment allowing for

greater buoyancy within a DAF.

Flocculation

Flocculants are added to a

DAF to enhance

suspended solids removal

and provide better bubble

attachment to the solids.

Flocculation

Three Types of Flocculants:

Cationic (Positively Charged)

Anionic (Negatively Charged)

Non-Ionic (Neutral No Charge)

Dry, Latex and Emulsion

How Does This Affect My Plant?

Proper addition of flocculant will:

Provide better water clarity.

Increase pollutant removal.

Increased throughput.

What Do I Need To Know To Use It?

Factors That Affect the Performance of a Flocculant:

Energy Input Intensity

Energy Input Time

Amount of Solids

Velocity Gradation

Temperature

What chemistry should we use?

Flocculation

Safety Tips:

Avoid Contact with Skin, Eyes and Clothing

Do Not Take Internally

Clean Up Spills Immediately to Avoid

Slippery Floors

Refer to MSDS for Details

28

Nalmet

Metals Removal

Mn

H 1.00794

1

Li 6.941

3

Be 9.01218

4

Na 22.98977

11

Mg 24.305

12

K 39.0983

19

Ca 40.078

20

Rb 85.4678

37

Sr 87.62

38

Cs 132.9054

55

Ba 137.33

56

Fr (223)

87

Ra 226.0254

88

Sc 44.95591

21

Ti 47.88

22

Y 88.9059

39

Zr 91.224

40

La 138.9055

57

Hf 178.49

72

Ac 227.0278

89

V 50.9415

23

Cr 51.9961

24

Nb 92.9064

41

Mo 95.94

42

Ta 180.9479

73

W 183.85

74

54.9380

25

Fe 55.847

26

Tc (98)

43

Ru 101.07

44

Re 186.207

75

Os 190.2

76

Co 58.9332

Ni 58.69

28

Rh 102.9055

45

Pd 106.42

46

Ir 192..22

77

Pt 195.08

78

Cu 63.546

29

Zn 65.39

30

Ag 107.8682

47

Cd 112.41

48

Au 196.9665

79

Hg 200.59

80

Ga 69.723

31

Ge 72.59

32

In 114.82

49

Sn 118.710

50

Tl 204.383

81

Pb 207.2

82

As 74.9216

33

Se 78.96

34

Sb 121.75

51

Te 127.60

52

Bi 208.9804

83

Po (209)

84

Br 79.904

35

Kr 83.80

36

I 126.9045

53

Xe 131.29

54

At (210)

85

Rn (222)

86

H 1.00794

1

He 4.002602

2

F 18.9984

9

Ne 20.179

10

Cl 35.453

17

Ar 39.948

18

B

5

C 12.011

6

Al

13

Si 28.0855

14

N 14.0067

7

O 15.9994

8

P 30.97376

15

S 32.066

16

10.811

26.9815

27

0 VII-A

VI-A V-A IV-A III-A

II-B I-B VIII VI-B V-B IV-B III-B VII-B

II-A

I-A Periodic Table of the Elements

Target Metals - NALMET

Metals in Solution - Water Bound

Chelants/Complexing Agents Bind and

Solubilize Metals over broad pH range

Soluble Metals

M H2O OH2

H2O OH2

OH2

OH2

Printed Circuit Board Cu-EDTA

Semiconductor Cu-CMP Cu-citrate, EDTA

Photoprocessing Waste Ag thiosulfate

Electroless Ni plating: Ni-citrate, gluconate

Brass Plating waste Cu, Zn ammonia

Metal Finishing Zn-polyphosphate

Chelated Metals:

Heavy Metal Removal Precipitate Metals from Solution

Neutralization Precipitation Coagulation Flocculation

Clarifier

Filtration Sludge

Processing

Solid/Liquid Separation

Influent

Metals

Effluent

Sludge Disposal

The Mixed Metals Dilemma!

(5.0)

(4.0)

(3.0)

(2.0)

(1.0)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0 L

og

Me

tal C

on

ce

ntr

ati

on

, p

pm

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

pH

Solubility of Various Metal Hydroxides with pH

Cu Zn Pb

Cd

Ag

The Mixed Metals Dilemma!

Ni

Hydroxide Precipitation

Use lime or caustic to adjust pH

Advantages:

Less expensive

Controlled by pH

Well known

Disadvantage:

Ineffective on mixed metals

Ineffective to ppb

High sludge volume

Nalmet

Nalcos Polymeric Precipitants

Consistent, effective results.

Low Capital for Implementation.

Reduced toxicity.

Ease of use

Polymeric Precipitant

CS2 Modified Polymer Backbone*

C

S S

C

S

S

C

S

S

C

S S

C

S S

C

S S

37

Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)

What is it?

Is a unit process (piece of equipment) used to

separate solid or liquid particles from a liquid

phase.

The flotation process consists of attaching fine

gas bubbles (10-100 microns) to suspended or

oily material causing a reduction of specific

gravity.


The Attachment of Gas Bubbles to Suspended

Solids or Oily Particles By:

Introduction of dissolved air into liquid medium.

Trapping of gas bubbles to particles, enhanced

with use of coagulants/flocculants.



Used for the treatment of effluents that are typically

difficult to settle. Applications:

Reduce BOD/COD

Suspended Solids

Grease Concentrations

To achieve a level acceptable for sewer discharge

chemical conditioning using coagulants and

flocculants is commonly practiced.


Basic Components of the dissolved air system

Air Saturation/Retention Tank

Air Compressor or Source of High Pressure Air

Backpressure Valve

Typical Controls

How Does It Work?

You must have

Pressurized water normally 25 to 50% of effluent flow

Air at a higher pressure than the water

Control of the pressure of water

Control of air flow

If you are missing any one of these components, then you do not have a DAF

Typical DAF plant

Krofta

PROVEN SOLUTIONS IN LIQUID SOLID SEPARATION

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KROFTA

Krofta DAF systems combine innovation with time-tested separation technology

Advanced technological features

Up to 12,000 GPM flow in a single unit

Automated data logging and trending

Innovative PLC technology and auto chemical flow pacing

Krofta air dissolving tube (ADT )

GLOBAL EXPERTS IN DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION

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Krofta Dissolved Air Flotation Devices

Krofta Supracell

Effective for varying influent characteristics

Higher clarification, thicker sludge and low retention time

Circular design is optimum for small foot prints

Krofta Multifloat

Modular, rectangular configuration with vertical or horizontal design

Small footprint with a large output

Krofta Sandfloat

Flocculation, flotation and filtration in one efficient solution

Combining three applications into a single solution saves on costs and provides for operating efficiencies

49

KROFTA

Avoid shutdowns and experience cost savings

Make informed decisions before making a purchase

Solve temporary challenges

DAF RENTAL PROGRAM

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Air Dissolving Tube (ADT)

Faster Air Dissolution, Lower Retention Time

Select bubble size for optimum performance

Improve collection efficiency

MAXIMUM CONTROL AND PERFORMANCE FOR DAFs

51

Membranes

Crossbow Water Technologies

Crossbow Water Profile

Competitive advantage:

State-of-the-art resin regeneration plant

Unique portable exchange fleet

Asset-ready temporary systems

Logistic based distribution and service centers

State-of-the-art equipment design/build capability

GPS dispatched service fleet

Nalco Company acquired

Crossbow Water in 2009 as a

leading Midwest supplier of

membrane and ion exchange

equipment and services.

Crossbow Water serves as

Nalcos pretreatment services

arm, servicing over 4,000

customers in the greater Midwest

area.

Crossbow Water Capabilities

Portable Exchange Services

Deionization - DI EXPRESS

Condensate polishing - Cycle GuardTM

Back up water - Flow GuardTM

Softening systems

Temporary/construction water

RO Services

Reverse osmosis - RO2GOTM

RO pretreatment - Trans GuardTM

Membrane cleaning services

Membrane optimization services

Remote monitoring -- QuickLinkTM

Pretreatment Equipment & Services

Emergency services 24/7 rapid deployment

Maintenance contracts

Resin reconditioning and regeneration services

Resin system rebeds

Media disposal - USEPA

Engineering Services

Water process upgrades

Water system modernization

Pilot study services

RO pretreatment upgrades

54

The water was not fit drink, to make it palatable, we had to

add whiskey. By diligent effort,

I learned to like it -Winston Churchill

Questions?

Chris Hutchings

[email protected]

720-448-4055

Documents

Water Clarification PWO Seminar 2013 - Nalco