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WATER FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION: Vietnam’s coffee set to get a boost from smarter irrigation. Chu Thai Hoanh and Upali Amarasinghe. DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE. Excessive irrigation endangers water availability - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WATER FOOTPRINT OF COFFEE PRODUCTION:Vietnam’s coffee set to get a boost from smarter irrigation
Chu Thai Hoanh and Upali Amarasinghe
DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE
Excessive irrigation endangers water availability
Vietnam is the world’s leading Robusta coffee producer
generating annual revenues of over $1 bil and supporting
rural livelihoods of over 2 million people
Dak Lak province contributes 40% to national coffee
production; irrigation from January and April is critical to
make coffee economically viable
57% of irrigation is abstracted from groundwater, and 95%
of that is used for coffee
Irrigation in Dak Lak exploits over 70% of the province’s
groundwater resources
SCIENCE
Water stress is not bad for coffee
Estimate of crop water requirement based on FAO: Jan-Apr: 529 mm (rainfall satisfies 21%)
But records of some 300 farmers in 2005-2009 suggest that they only applied under 260 mm in Jan-Apr; (rainfall satisfies 21%)
Some applied more, but net marginal profit becomes negative beyond 400 mm of water inputs from Jan-Apr
Monthly rain and CWU in Dak Lak
SCIENCE
Optimized irrigation scheduling required
Farm records in 2005-2009:
- higher water stress levels help reach 3-4 tons/ha
- optimal irrigation scheduling is required to break the 4 tons/ha barrier
- in average rainfall year, about 150 mm (455 liter/plant/irrigation round x 3 rounds) from January to April is sufficient (each round is 20-25 days)
- in high rainfall year, about 80 - 120 mm (300 liter/plant/irrigation round x 3 rounds) is adequate
By better scheduling irrigation, it is possible to reduce groundwater withdrawals without effect on coffee yield
OUTPUTS
A policy brief on “Vietnam to Produce More Coffee with Less Water” – currently reviewed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
A report accepted by SDC and Nestle, and a paper in review in J. of Agricultural Systems
A national workshop with results well received by participants from private sector, farmers, government officers and researchers
PARTNERS
Nestle and SDC: funding and review the research
IWMI: methodology, training on survey to WASI, data analysis and reporting
EDE Consulting, Germany: collecting long-records data, data analysis and reporting
Western Highlands Agro-forestry, Sciences and Technical Institute (WASI), Vietnam: interactions with farmers, data collection and analysis
Boundary partners: Department of Crop Production (DCP) and National Agricultural Extension Center (NAEC) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD, Vietnam): dissemination of findings to farmers and incorporating into coffee development guidelines
Policy dialogue for implementing recommendations81 participants (45 from private sector, 17 government officers, 8 farmers
& 11 researchers)
Evidence: Good Morning News on Vietnamese TV in October 2013, with English sub-titles
OUTCOME
OUTCOME
“Nestlé will implement the recommended
best practices within its Farmer Connect
network of 12,000 farmers and will work
with other key local stakeholders for wider
dissemination and scale up.”
If this practice is widely adopted, it will
ensure sustainability of GW use in the
province and larger VN
Read more and watch a 7 min video in English:
http://www.nestle.com/csv/case-studies/AllCaseStudies/coffee-water-vietnam
LESSONS AND NEXT STEPS
Systematic analysis of farmers’ records could provide useful insights into agricultural practices
Private sector is active in adoption of research and has good networks to disseminate findings to large number of farmers
Continue collaboration with Nestle and SDC in the next phase of coffee water footprint, possibly covering all VN
Use successful examples (like this) of collaboration between CG Centers and private sector) to foster future collaboration