Water Purification Lab Student Copy

7/31/2019 Water Purification Lab Student Copy

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Name:________________________________ Date:_____________Cohort:_____________

EnvironmentalScience

WaterPurificationSystemDesign:PartI

EQ:WhatcanIdotomakewaterclean?

Objective:Designawaterpurificationsystemtopurifyasampleoffoul

water.Yourgoalistomakethemostefficientwaterfiltrationsystem,onethatcleanswaterquickly

andfully.

Backgroundinformation:

Wehavebeenstudyingwaterandknowthattherearevisiblecontaminantsinwater,aswellas

contaminantswecannotsee.Wearegoingtotestdifferentmaterialstoseehoweffectivelytheyclean

water.Then,youwillusethedatayouhavecollectedtodesignawaterpurificationsystem.

**Note:WewillNOTbedrinkingthewatertomakesurethatitisclean!!!Wearenotdoinga

disinfectingstep,whichmeanstherecouldbedisease-causingpathogensinourwatersamples**

Materialsneeded:

Penorpencil1waterbottle,withthebottomcutoff

sand

gravel

cottonballs

papertowels

50mLsampleoffoulwaterScissors

2cleanbeakers400mL600mL

water

maskingtapetolabelsamples

spoon

Safety

S WearsafetygogglesatalltimesS BecarefulwhenhandlingglassS CleanupanyspillsimmediatelyandnotifytheinstructorS Donotpoursandorgravelintothesink

Pre-labquestions

1. Readthebackgroundinformation.Whatisthemaingoalofthislab?

2. ReadthroughPart2oftheprocedure.ListthematerialsyouneedforPart2only.

3. Lookthroughthepartsofthelab.Whatthreelayerswillyoubetesting?

4. Listatleast3contaminantsyouknowof,easilyvisibleandnoteasilyvisible,thatcanbeinwater.


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Procedure

Part1:ObservationsMaterials:Foulwatersample,goggles

1. Obtaina50mLsampleoffoulwater.Youwillbetestingyourfirstfilterlayerusingthisfoulwatersample.

2. Write2-3sentencesdescribingyourobservationsofthewatersampleshowntoyou.Includewhatyouseeandwhatyousmell.

3. Conclusion:Makeaninferenceaboutwhatmightbeinthewater.Write2-3sentences,describingwhatmightbeinthewaterthatyoucanseeandwhatisinthewaterthatyoucant

see.

Part2:BuildingthegravellayerMaterials:1gravelbeaker,2emptybeakers,waterbottle 1. Obtainawaterbottle,aplasticbeaker,aglassbeakerandabout50mLofgravel.Beforeyou

makeyourfilter,youneedtorinsethegravel.Takethebeakerfilledwithgravelandfillitwith

water.Swirlitafewtimes,thentiltthebeakertodrainofftoplayerofwater.Repeatuntilthe

waterisclearwhenyouswirlit.Becarefulnottospillgravelinthesink.

2. Lookatthewaterbottle.Itshouldhavethebottomcutoff,aswellasholesinthecap.Holditupsidedownsothattheopenendisatthetop,andthecapisatthebottom.Thiswillserveas

thestructureofthewaterfilter.Theholesinthecapwillallowthewatertoflowthroughasit

filters.

3.Placethewaterbottleinaclean,emptybeaker,withthecapfacingdown.

4. Fillthewaterbottlewith5cmofgravel.Tapthebottletoallowthegraveltosettle.5. Pour150mLofwaterontoyourgravellayer.Observethewaterthatcomesoutofthecapinto

thebeaker.Ifthewaterisclear,thenyourgravelisreadytobetested.Ifnot,continuetorun

150mLofwaterthroughthefilteruntilyouhaveclearwater.Pouroutthefiltrate(whatcomes

outofthefilter)onceyouarefinished.

Part2:Testingthegravellayer

1. Youshouldalreadyhaveafoulwatersample.Withtheendofthewaterbottlestillintheclean,emptyglassbeaker,slowlypourthecontentsofyourfoulwatersampleintotheopenendof

thewaterbottle.Youmayholdupthebottlesoyoucanseethewatercomingoutofthefilter.

2. Writedownyourobservationsofthefilter:a. Howquicklydoesthewatercomeoutofthefilter?

b. Howdoesthewaterlookafteritisfilteredcomparedtobeforeitisfiltered?


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c. Whatisleftinthegravelafteryoufiltered?

d. Evaluategravelasamaterialforyourwaterfilter.Whatdoyouthinkitspurposeisinthewaterpurificationsystem?

3. Onceyouhavetestedyourgravellayer,washthegravelandreturnittothebeaker.Rinseout

yourwaterbottle.Wipedownyourtableandcleanupanyspilledgravel.Checkthefloortosee

ifitiswet;cleanupanyspillsimmediately.

4. Beforeyoucontinue,checkyourmaterials. Gravelisinbeaker,rinsedfreeoffoulwater Tableisdryandclearofspilledgravel Floorisdryandclearofspilledgravel Waterbottleisrinsedclean

Part3:BuildingthesandlayerMaterials:1sandbeaker,2emptybeakers,waterbottle,spoon

1. RepeatthesetupfromStep1oftheprocedure.Youwillplaceyourcleanwaterbottlecapdowninacleanglassbeaker.

2. Youneedtocleanyoursandinthesamewaythatyoucleanedyourgravel.Fillthebeakerwithwater,addthesand,swirl,thendrainofftoplayerofwater.Repeatuntilthewateris

clearwhenyouswirlit.Youshouldnowhavecleanersandthatisstilldamp.

3. Usingyourspoon,fillthewaterbottlewithdampsanduntilyouhavealayerthatisapproximately5cm.

4. Fillyourbeakerwith150mLofwater.Gentlyandslowly,pourthewaterontopofthesandlayer,beingcarefulnottodisturbthesand.

5. Observethewaterthatcomesoutofthedrinkingendofthebottle.Ifitisnotclear,continuetopourwaterinthroughthetopuntilitisclear.Pouroutthefiltrate,whichisthe

waterthathasbeenfiltered.

Part4:Testingthesandlayer

5. Obtainanadditionalfoulwatersample.Stirthefoulwatersampleuntilitismixedmoreevenly.Withtheendofthewaterbottlestillintheclean,drybeaker,slowlypourthecontentsofyour

foulwatersampleintotheopenendofthewaterbottlecontainingalayerofsand.Liftupthe

bottlesoyoucanobservethefiltrateleavingthebottle.

6. Writedownyourobservationsofthefilter:a. Howquicklydoesthewatercomeoutofthefilter?Compareittothespeedofthe

gravellayer.

b. Howdoesthewaterlookafteritisfilteredcomparedtobeforeitisfiltered?

c. Whatisleftinthesandafteryoufiltered?


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Name:________________________________ Date:_____________Cohort:_____________


d. Evaluatesandasamaterialforyourwaterfilter.Whatdoyouthinkitspurposeisinthewaterpurificationsystem?

7. Onceyouhavetestedyoursandlayer,rinseoutthesandandreturnittothebeaker.Rinseoutyourwaterbottle.Wipedownyourtableandcleanupanyspilledsand.Checkthefloortoseeif

itiswet;cleanupanyspillsimmediately.

8. Beforeyoucontinue,checkyourmaterials. Sandisinbeaker,rinsedfreeoffoulwater Tableisdryandclearofspilledsand Floorisdryandclearofspilledsand Waterbottleisrinsedclean

Part5:Buildingandtestingthecottonlayer:writingtheprocedure

Basedontestingsandandgravel,younowknowhowtotestafilterlayer.Writethestepsneeded

totestcottonasafilterlayer.(Youdontneedtocleanthecottonlikeyoudidforthegravelandsand).

Getyourprocedureapproved,thencompleteyourprocedure.Recordyourobservations.

Materials:___________________________________________________________

Building:1.

2.

3.

Testing

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Clean-Up

Observations:


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Name:________________________________ Date:_____________Cohort:_____________


WaterPurificationSystemDesign:PartII

EQ:WhatcanIdotomakewaterclean?

Youhavetested3differentlayersthathadvariouslevelsofeffectivenessin

gettingwaterclean.Youwillnowcompareandcontrasttheabilitiesofeach

layer,thendesignaMega-Filterthatwillcombinetheseabilitiesintoan

extremelyeffectivefilter.YouwillmakeyourMega-Filteronce,thenmodifyonecomponenttogetamoreeffectivefilter.

S Fillouteachboxinthetabledescribinghoweachlayerworkedtocleanthefoulwater

Gravel Sand Cotton

Speed

Whatit

filteredout

Whatwasleft

behind(ex:visualandsmell)

Pros

Cons

Part6:DesigningaMega-Filter

7. Lookoveryourresultsinthetableabove.Brainstormbelow(includeasketchofyourfilterandnotes)whatmaterialsyouwantyourMega-Filtertocontain.

S LabeleachlayerS Showmeasurementsofapproximatelyhowthickeachlayershouldbe(usecm)S Explainwhateachlayerdoesandwhyyoudecidedtopositionitwhereyoudid


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8. Predicthowyourwaterfilterwillperform.Discussspeed,amountofcontaminantsthatwillberemoved,andanyotherpredictionsbasedonyourprevioustrialsofeachlayer.

9. Buildyourfilter.Writedowneachstepasyoucompleteit(usedetails!)

10.Makesureyouruncleanwaterthroughyourfilteruntilitisclear.11.Onceyourfilterisready,slowlypour50mLoffoulwater.Observeandrecordresults.Makea

tablesimilartotheoneabouttohelpyoucollectdataonyourfilter.

12.Howeffectivelydidyourfilterwork?Whatwouldyouchangetoimproveit?


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Name:________________________________ Date:_____________Cohort:_____________


Part7:RedesigningyourMega-Filter

13.Writedown3ideasofpossiblemodificationsthatyoucouldmaketoyourfiltertomakeitworkbetter.

o o o

14.Youwillreconstructyourfilterwith1change.Choosethemodificationyouthinkwouldimproveyourfilterthemostandexplainwhyyouthinkso.

15.Reconstructyourfilterwiththemodificationyouchose.Becarefulnottowasteanymaterials;cleanandreturnmaterialsifpossible.Drawitbelow,labelingthelayersasyoudidbefore.

16.Re-testyourfilterwith50mLoffoulwater.Recordyourresultsinthesametypeofdatatableasin#11.

17.Evaluateyournewfilter.Diditworkbetterorworsethanyourpreviousmodel?Whydoyouthink?Howcanyoutell?


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Name:________________________________ Date:_____________Cohort:_____________


CheckyourUnderstanding

18.Isthewateryouproducedclean?Whyorwhynot?

19.Whatotherstepsdoyouthinkyoucouldtaketoensurethatyourwateriscompletelysafetodrink?(Usetextbookp484forideas)

20.Write3-5sentencesexplainingwhatyoulearnedaboutwaterpurificationandhowitworks.

21.Whyisitimportanttopurifywaterbeforedrinkingit?

Evaluateyourlabwork:Circlethenumberthatappliestoyourperformanceinthislab

Ifollowedthelaboratorysafetyrulesfromthesafetycontract:

Never Rarely Sometimes Mostly Always

0 1 2 3 4

Ilistenedtoinstructions:


0 1 2 3 4

Ihelpedmygroupcompleteeachstep:


0 1 2 3 4

IaskedquestionsabouttheprocedurewhenIdidntunderstand:Never Rarely Sometimes Mostly Always

0 1 2 3 4

Comments:

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Water Purification Lab Student Copy