Water Quality and Habitat in Shingle Creekwashburn.mpls.k12.mn.us/uploads/habitat_presentation...Most Common Inverts in Shingle Creek Hyalella(scuds) Oligichaeta(worms) Cladocera (water

Water Quality Water Quality

and Habitat in and Habitat in

Shingle CreekShingle Creek

DefinitionsDefinitions

�� HabitatHabitat

�� MeanderMeander

�� RiffleRiffle

�� PoolPool

�� CobbleCobble

�� SubstrateSubstrate

�� BufferBuffer

Stream InvertebratesStream Invertebrates

�� Much of the aquatic life in streams is Much of the aquatic life in streams is

composed of benthic macroinvertebrates.composed of benthic macroinvertebrates.

�� Macroinvertebrate includes clams, crayfish, Macroinvertebrate includes clams, crayfish,

worms, and insects.worms, and insects.

�� Macroinvertebrates do not have internal Macroinvertebrates do not have internal

skeletons, are larger than 5 microns, and, skeletons, are larger than 5 microns, and,

typically, live on a stream substrate typically, live on a stream substrate

(bottom, woody debris, macrophyte, etc..)(bottom, woody debris, macrophyte, etc..)

Developed by: Merrick, Richards Updated: August 2003 U1-m4-s4

Aquatic insect orders

1215+

Trichoptera

(caddisflies)

582

Plecoptera(stoneflies)

357Odonata

(dragonflies and

damselflies)

572Ephemeroptera

(mayflies)

AdultsLarvae

Number of North American aquatic species

(estimated)

Order

www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/






www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/ www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/



1842+Coleoptera(beetles)

410Hemiptera (true

bugs)

4662+Diptera (flies and midges)

AdultsLarvae


(estimated)

Order











55Hymenoptera

(parasitic wasps)

635Lepidoptera (moths)

6Neuroptera

(spongilla flies)

43Megaloptera

(alderflies and

dobsonflies)

AdultsLarvae


(estimated)

Order







Other macroinvertebrates

Crustaceans (crayfish, amphipods, and mites)

Molluscs (clams, mussels, and snails)

Annelids (leeches and

aquatic worms)

http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/

http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/ http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/

http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/

http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/ http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/ http://www.usask.ca/biology/skabugs/

ShreddersShredders

�� Dominant foodDominant food

–– PlantsPlants

–– Coarse particulate organic material (CPOM)Coarse particulate organic material (CPOM)

–– WoodWood

�� Feeding mechanismsFeeding mechanisms

–– Herbivores Herbivores -- Chew and mine live plantsChew and mine live plants

–– DetritivoresDetritivores -- Chew on CPOMChew on CPOM

�� RepresentativesRepresentatives

–– ScathophagidaeScathophagidae (dung flies)(dung flies)

–– TipulidaeTipulidae (crane flies)(crane flies)

Crane flies

CollectorsCollectors

�� Dominant foodDominant food–– Decompose fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) Decompose fine particulate organic matter (FPOM)

�� Feeding mechanismsFeeding mechanisms–– Filterers Filterers -- DetritivoresDetritivores

–– Gatherers Gatherers -- DetritivoresDetritivores

�� RepresentativesRepresentatives–– FilterersFilterers

�� Hydropsychidae Hydropsychidae

�� SimulidaeSimulidae (black flies) (black flies)

–– GatherersGatherers�� ElmidaeElmidae (riffle beetles)(riffle beetles)

�� ChironominiChironomini

�� BaetisBaetis

�� EphemerellaEphemerella

�� HexageniaHexagenia

ScrapersScrapers

�� Dominant foodDominant food

–– Periphyton (attached algae)Periphyton (attached algae)

�� Feeding mechanismsFeeding mechanisms

–– Graze and scrape mineral and organic surfacesGraze and scrape mineral and organic surfaces

�� RepresentativesRepresentatives

–– HelicopsychidaeHelicopsychidae

–– PsephenidaePsephenidae (water pennies)(water pennies)

–– ThaumaleidaeThaumaleidae (solitary midges)(solitary midges)

–– GlossosomaGlossosoma

–– HeptageniaHeptagenia

PredatorsPredators

�� Dominant foodDominant food–– Living animal tissueLiving animal tissue

�� Feeding mechanismsFeeding mechanisms–– EngulfersEngulfers -- Attack prey and ingest whole animalsAttack prey and ingest whole animals

–– Piercers Piercers -- Pierce tissues, suck fluidsPierce tissues, suck fluids

�� RepresentativesRepresentatives–– EngulfersEngulfers

�� AnisopteraAnisoptera (dragonflies)(dragonflies)

�� AcroneuriaAcroneuria

�� CorydalusCorydalus (hellgrammites)(hellgrammites)

–– PiercersPiercers�� VeliidaeVeliidae (water striders)(water striders)

�� CorixidaeCorixidae (water boatmen)(water boatmen)

�� TabanidaeTabanidae (deerflies & horseflies)(deerflies & horseflies)

Most Common Inverts in Most Common Inverts in


Oligichaeta (worms)Hyalella (scuds)

Cladocera

(water fleas)

Corixidae (water boatman)

Habitat RequirementsHabitat Requirements

�� Shredders: backwaters, overhanging Shredders: backwaters, overhanging

vegetation, leaf packsvegetation, leaf packs

�� Collectors: riffles, woody debris, Collectors: riffles, woody debris,

substratesubstrate

�� Scrapers: rocks, rifflesScrapers: rocks, riffles

�� Predators: clear water, vegetation, Predators: clear water, vegetation,

rocksrocks

RiffleRiffle

Most Common Fish in Most Common Fish in


White sucker

Johnny darter

Bigmouth shiner Common carp

Fish Habitat RequirementsFish Habitat Requirements

�� Top of the food chain: need invertsTop of the food chain: need inverts

�� High dissolved oxygen: rifflesHigh dissolved oxygen: riffles

�� Clear water: visual predatorsClear water: visual predators

�� Sand and gravel substrate to spawnSand and gravel substrate to spawn

�� Pools, backwatersPools, backwaters

�� Overhanging vegetationOverhanging vegetation

�� No barriersNo barriers

Shingle Creek HabitatShingle Creek Habitat

Rock vane and pool

Caddisfly nets

Rock and cobble substrate

Native buffersNative buffers

�� Long roots stabilize streambanksLong roots stabilize streambanks

�� Filter stormwaterFilter stormwater

�� Provide bird and other wildlife habitat Provide bird and other wildlife habitat

(snapping turtles)(snapping turtles)

Buffers filter runoff

Overhanging vegetation

Where’s the water?

Documents

Water Quality and Habitat in Shingle Creekwashburn.mpls.k12.mn.us/uploads/habitat_presentation...Most Common Inverts in Shingle Creek Hyalella(scuds) Oligichaeta(worms) Cladocera (water