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American Water Works Association
WWaatteerr QQuuaalliittyy TTeecchhnnoollooggyy CCoonnffeerreennccee aanndd EExxppoossiittiioonn
22000077
“Fast Tracks to Water Quality”
November 4-8, 2007 Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
Volume 1 of 6
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ISBN: 978-1-60560-049-9
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Copyright © 2007 American Water Works Association. All rights reserved.
American Water Works Association
Water Quality Technology Conference and Exposition 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
CONVENTIONAL RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT AND REUSE/RECYCLING Studying Seasonal Variations of Aluminium and Other Residuals at Water Treatment Plants Using Aluminium-based Coagulants.................................................................. 1
D. Berube, C. Dorea
Underground Injection Wells for the Disposal of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals ........................................................................................................................................... 10
C. Sham
Possibilities of Recycling And/or Discharge of Waste Waters Originated from Conventional Surface Water Treatment.......................................................................................... 46
A. Lerch, V. Bagehorn, K. Schurz, W. Uhl
TASTE AND ODOR POSTERS
Public Outreach Tool Used in Determining Customer Preferences Determining of Water Aesthetics ............................................................................................................................... 52
J. Biggs, T. Thomure, K. Arnold, C. Cotton
Computer Aided Source Water Monitoring For Quality and Security Optimization .................. 81D. Kroll, K. King, K. Craig, G. Klein
Identifying the Best Treatment Approach Using Focused Laboratory-Scale Testing ............................................................................................................................................... 91
P. Swaim, I. Najm, G. Briest, N. Brown, T. Maloney, K. Martin
Formation of Iodinated Organic Compounds on Manganese Dioxide ...................................... 105S. Allard, R. Nicolau, H. Gallard
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF EXISTING AND FUTURE WTPS
The Drinking Water Treatability Database.................................................................................... 114
R. Miltner, C. Hill, T. Speth
Disinfection with Sonication – Impact on Trihalomethane Formation Potential...................... 125J. Plummer, E. Ringer
Enhanced Rapid Organic Characterisation Techniques to Assess NOM Treatability ....................................................................................................................................... 129
C. Chow, R. Fabris, M. Drikas
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM POSTERS
Black Specks in LCSA’s, VA Water Distribution System............................................................ 154
B. Wright, G. Iversen, W. Becker, M. Bishop, T. Danielson, R. Mowe
Early Warning Biomonitor Used for Testing a Set-up of European Environmental Technology Verification Programme. ........................................................................................... 184
J. Appels
Practical Evaluation of Corrosion Before Water Quality Changes ............................................ 187B. Rosenfeldt, M. Bishop, G. Iversen, S. Drew, J. Scher, T. Broome
Improving Hydraulic Mixing in a 90-Year Old 10.5 MG Reservoir With I/O Redesign .............. 197B. Murphy, A. Peck, J. Dummer, P. Van Duser
The Influence of Water Chemistry on Dissolution Rates of Lead Corrosion Products ………204J. Noel, D. Giammar
Developing a Pressure Management Strategy to Protect Water Quality .................................. 221K. Fleming
Using Microfiltration and Nanofiltration to Remove TOC and Meet DBP Regulations in Yucaipa, California................................................................................................ 236
R. Stratton, J. Zoba
On-line Monitoring of Drinking Water Treatment Efficacy Using UV/Vis-spectrometry ................................................................................................................................... 249
J. Van Den Broeke, P. Ross, A. Van Der Helm, L. Rietveld
DISINFECTION STRATEGIES
Tracking Utility Disinfection over Four Decades of Change, Disinfection Survey 2007-Preliminary Summary ............................................................................................................ 260
J. Routt, E. Mackey, E. Whitby, G. Connell, L. Passantino, R. Noak
Development and Application of a QMRA Model for Process Evaluation and Selection .......................................................................................................................................... 277
M. Prevost, K. Jaidi, P. Payment, B. Barbeau
Chlorine Dioxide Proves Feasible for Mitigating Drought Related Raw Water Quality Changes at 890-MGD Municipal Water District............................................................... 292
T. Cooke
FILTRATION POSTERS
Optimizing Water Treatment to Respond to Quality Changes Due to Reservoir Management and Climate Change ................................................................................................ 317
I. Slavik, W. Uhl
Startup and Operating an Arsenic Treatment Technology......................................................... 326H. Durbin III, D. Williams
Bench-and Pilot-Scale Arsenic Removal Study of Coagulation/Filtration and Adsorption Technologies............................................................................................................... 360
W. Lee, T. Galeziewski, P. Westerhoff
Achieving the Critical Balance in Chlorine Dioxide Levels with Accurate Monitoring Practices....................................................................................................................... 373
V. Malkov, M. Sadar
An Advanced Monitoring & Control System for An Advanced Monitoring & Control System for.......................................................................................................................... 382
D. Kim, H. Oh, T. Hwang, S. Lee
Developing a Contingency Plan and Response Strategy for a 160 MGD Direct Filtration Facility ............................................................................................................................. 389
D. Williams, B. Zachman, C. Seidel, H. Durbin, L. Devkota
Appliication of Floc Size Analyzer for the Efficiency Assessment of Flocculation Process ............................................................................................................................................ 429
J. Jung, T. Hwang, H. Oh
Effects of Pre-Treatment Conditions and Media Type on the Hydraulic Behavior of Deep Bed Rapid Filters Treating Public Water Supplies ............................................................ 434
S. Abreu, N. Brinck, S. Filho
CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF RIVERBANK FILTRATION
Removal of Perchlorate Through Riverbank Filtration and Aquifer Recharge and Recovery: Benefits of Water Treatment Residual ....................................................................... 452
M. Yarkin, K. Daver, K. Carlson
Riverbank Filtration for SWTR Compliance-Kennewick, Washington ...................................... 469W. Gollnitz, J. Clancy, M. Cunnane, B. Beauchene
Framework for Assessing Feasibility of Riverbank Filtration For Water Treatment ............... 473S. Sharma, D. Chaweza, E. Holzbecher, G. Amy
LABORATORY POSTERS
In Vitro Assessment of Thyroid and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in WWTPs and Surface Waters in the Great Paris (France) Area ................................................................. 490
M. Jugan, M. Bimbot, V. Huteau, L. Oziol, S. Karolak, Y. Levi
A Simple and Rapid F+ Coliphage Detection and Serotyping System for Water Quality Monitoring .......................................................................................................................... 493
D. Love, M. Sobsey
Impact of Sample Storage and Acid Preservation on Toc Measurement ................................. 498C. Westbrook, E. Milks, M. Stoner, D. Heza, S. States
Voluntary Environmental Compliance: Using Influential Tactics and Motivation to Gain Compliance............................................................................................................................. 505
L. Phillips, C. Bishop, P. Scheuerman
VOLUME 2
Reduction of Nitrate Through the Use of Nitrate Reductase for the SmartChem Autoanalyzer.................................................................................................................................... 649
B. Almassalkhi, K. Kelty
Automated IMS using the Dynal® BeadRetrieverTM for the detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts from environmental water samples ........................................ 653
S. Jones, D. Barton, D. Wareing, J. Meegan, B. Strohecker
Protein Assay in Drinking Water and Reclaimed Water.............................................................. 663W. Lee, P. Westerhoff
HALF-LIFE ON RADIONUCLIDES
Accumulation of Radionuclides in Drinking Water Distribution Accumulation of Radionuclides in Drinking Water Distribution Systems ............................................................. 667
E. Morris, D. Lytle
Evaluation of Variability in Radionuclide Measurements for the Radionuclide Rule .............. 692A. Eaton, L. Geddes, Y. Cha, K. Morley
St. Charles, IL Radium Removal and Softening Using Split Stream Hydrous Manganese Oxides and Cation Exchange.................................................................................... 709
T. Dumbaugh, S. Trotter, D. Willers
MEMBRANE POSTERS
Determining Critical flux in Submerged Membrane Filtration of Han River Water .................. 734
Y. Choi, H. Oh, S. Lee, J. Choi, B. Choi, T. Hwang
Desalination of Estuarine River Water Source in New York....................................................... 744V. Veerapaneni, S. Master, J. Dyksen
Treatment of Phosphoric Acid CIP Waste .................................................................................... 774J. Edwards-Brandt, K. Abraham, C. Tona, C. Anderson
The Development of a Monitoring Program to Assess Source Water Quality in Conjunction with the Siting and Construction of a Desalination Facility on the Hudson River ................................................................................................................................... 780
M. Principe, S. Master, J. Dyksen, S. Mallavaram
EFFLUENT REUSE: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly The True Story ..................................... 781G. Witt, J. Derrevere, F. Bloetscher, J. Klontz, S. Ehrbar
MANGANESE MANAGEMENT
Black Brook Water Treatment Plant, Synthetic Alternative to Traditional Glauconite Removal Synthetic Alternative to Traditional Glauconite Green Sand for Manganese Removal................................................................................................................. 788
F. Marascia, J. Civardi
Effect of Chemical and Biological –oxidation and –reduction of Manganese in Drinking Water Quality and Supply............................................................................................... 832
J. Cerrato, J. Falkinham III, A. Dietrich
Control of Periodically Elevated Raw Water Manganese with Oxide Coated Media................ 838J. Tobiason, W. Knocke, A. Islam, J. Goodwill
ORGANICS POSTERS
Powdered Activated Carbon for Controlling Total Organic Carbon: Application and Model Development................................................................................................................. 849
H. Cho, R. Summers
Adsorption of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole on Alternative Adsorbents..................... 857A. Rossner, D. Knappe
Impact of MIEX Pretreatment on Downstream Conventionally Treated Water Quality Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 863
N. Charlton, P. Kohl
Removing Toc in Brute Cold River Water for Membrane Pre-treatment Evaluation of a 2-stage High-rate Clarification Process ................................................................................ 875
R. Wikramanayake, G. Baker, S. Scott, T. Muilenberg
Photodegradation of chlorpyrifos: the Roles of Carbonate Radicals and Hydroxyl Radicals ........................................................................................................................................... 886
C. Wu, K. Linden
Small Systems Remove TOC from Groundwater the Easy Way ................................................ 891J. Nattress, S. Shannon, J. Kalmbacher
Removal of an Antimicrobial Compound by Sequential Photochemical and Biological Oxidation Processes .................................................................................................... 900
C. Baeza, D. Knappe
Developing a Strategy for Removing MTBE from a Groundwater Source in New York City .......................................................................................................................................... 905
M. Bell, M. Lenz
TOTAL COLIFORM RULE ISSUES
Development of a Revised Method for Increased Sensitivity for Recovery of Total Coliform and E coli in Drinking Water .......................................................................................... 928
R. McCuin, T. Hargy, J. Rosen, J. Clancy
Total Coliform Monitoring: Lessons from a Monitoring Program Using Large Sample Volumes and Large Number of Samples ........................................................................ 937
C. Owen, R. Powell, J. Rosen, J. Troutt, M. Pryor, J. Sobrinto, D. Mooren, J. Clancy, C. Fricker
Class Action Lawsuits: An Unintended Consequence of the Total Coliform Rule .................. 940J. Clancy
THM & HAA CONTROL
Use of SDS-THM to Evaluate Treatment Need for Unfiltered Supplies ..................................... 943
B. Barbeau, A. Carriere, F. Vaillancourt
Impact of Wastewater Effluent Organic Matter (EfOM) Properties on Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) in Indirect Potable Reuse........................................... 963
S. Nam, S. Krasner, G. Amy
Modeling Approach to Treatability Analyses: Impact of Source Water Degradation on an Existing Treatment Plant ..................................................................................................... 996
O. Lu, S. Krasner, R. Yates, S. Liang
Innovative Ways of Utilizing GAC for Stage 2 Compliance ...................................................... 1014K. Nowack, M. Pirnie
Occurrence and Control of Disinfection Byproducts in Consecutive Drinking Water Systems .............................................................................................................................. 1043
C. Hill, Z. Chowdhury, C. Valenti, M. Pirnie, M. Sclimenti, S. Krasner, R. Summers
A Simple Technology for THM Control in Consecutive Systems ............................................ 1057S. Sherant, H. Yeuell, Y. Xie
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MONITORING: WATER QUALITY/CONTAMINATION WARNING SYSTEMS
Evaluation of Tools to Detect Distribution System Water Quality Anomalies........................ 1063
K. Umberg, S. Allgeier
Development of a Contamination Warning System for the Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority............................................................................................................................. 1083
S. States, M. Stoner, C. Westbrook, D. Heza, L. Casson
Development of a Contamination Warning System for Glendale, AZ ..................................... 1099K. Thompson, R. Scott
Online Toxicity Monitors (OTM) for Distribution System Water Quality Monitoring ............. 1110H. Allen, S. Panguluri, N. Muhammad, D. Macke, G. Meiners
Distribution System Water Quality Monitoring Stations - Challenges and Solutions ........................................................................................................................................ 1120
B. Jeppson, S. Ruppenthal
UV VALIDATION AND OPERATIONAL FLEXIBILITY
The Changes in the UV Disinfection O&M Guidelines: New Options Provide Operational Flexibility................................................................................................................... 1154
C. Cotton, J. Collins, L. Passantino
Estimating Dose Distributions from Biodosimetry Data........................................................... 1163H. Wright, K. Bircher
Who Needs Red? An Empirical Method for Validating the Log-inactivation of a Uv Reactor Thereby Eliminating the Need for Red and Red Bias ................................................. 1172
K. Bircher, H. Wright
Evaluation of Challenge Organisms for UV Inactivation of Pathogens .................................. 1180P. Rochelle, P. Huang, K. Hanley
Evaluation of UV Disinfection System Operations Leading to Proposed System Improvements at Poughkeepsies' Water Treatment Facility .................................................... 1194
M. Heath, H. Wright, P. Lill, M. Geho
Long Term Interior and Exterior Sleeve Fouling in a Medium-pressure Ultraviolet Drinking Water Disinfection Reactor .......................................................................................... 1211
I. Wait, A. Mofidi, E. Blatchley III
PROTECTING WATER SOURCES
Modifying Reservoir Operations to Reduce Turbidity .............................................................. 1223
G. Pyke, T. Pulokas, R. Gelda, T. Johnstone
Implementing an Agricultural Chemical Removal Project to Protect Water Quality ............. 1251N. Toth, K. Morgenstern
Minimizing Impacts from Animal Feeding Operations on Drinking Water Quality ................ 1263R. Gullick, R. Brown, D. Cornwell
VOLUME 3
Antibiotics in the Environment: A Watershed-Scale Fate and Transport Study .................... 1314
L. Richards, H. Weinberg
A Toxic Spill and a Dying River. How Will Water Supplies Be Guaranteed? Problems and Solutions ............................................................................................................... 1318
M. Gomez, J. Martin, E. Fernandez
Source Water Protection Strategies for an Urban Groundwater Supply ................................ 1328M. Bell, D. Cohen
REVERSE OSMOSIS AND ION EXCHANGE RESIDUALS
Regulatory, Technical and Cost Impacts of Inland Membrane Concentrate Disposal; The Assessment of the Colorado Membrane Treatment Workgroup..................... 1354
P. Brandhuber
Inland RO Brine Management and Disposal .............................................................................. 1360P. Kwan, L. Christensen
Coagulation of Simulated High-Pressure Membrane Concentrates for Removal of Trace Pollutants ............................................................................................................................ 1374
K. Mercer, J. Tobiason
Reducing the Costs for Desalination with Zero Liquid Discharge .......................................... 1382R. Bond, V. Veerapaneni
Treatment of Ion Exchange Brine Waste for Barium Reduction by a High Rate Clarification Process .................................................................................................................... 1393
D. Willers, S. Scott, E. Lawrence
Use of Hydrogel Media to Remove Arsenic and Chromium from Water, IX Brine, and RO Concentrate ..................................................................................................................... 1414
J. Min, J. Zhang, C. Tasser, G. Crozes, J. Hering
LEAD AND COPPER
Impact of Sampling Flow Rate, Flushing, and Faucet Aerator on Dissolved and Particulate Lead Concentrations at Consumer Tap .................................................................. 1445
S. Nour, M. Prevost, C. Cartier, L. Laroche, M. Edwards
Switching to Chloramines in the New York City Water System: Impacts on Lead and Copper Leaching, Corrosion, and Regrowth ...................................................................... 1454
R. Sharp, B. Gaylord, E. Coleman, B. Rosenfeldt, W. Becker, C. Glaser
The Effect of Phosphate on the Morphological and The Effect of Phosphate on the Morphological and Spectroscopic Properties of Copper Drinking Water Spectroscopic Properties of Copper Drinking Water Pipes Experiencing Localized Corrosion...................................................................................................................... 1464
C. White, D. Lytle
Effect of Changing Disinfectants on Distribution System Lead and Copper Release........................................................................................................................................... 1471
G. Boyd, K. Dewis, A. Sandvig, S. Hendrickson, A. Vetrovs, G. Korshin, M. McFadden, S. Reiber, R. Giani, T. Otten
The Application of Electrochemical and Surface Analysis Approaches to Studying Copper Corrosion in Water: Fundamentals, Limitations and Examples ................ 1491
Y. Kang, W. Van Ooij, D. Lytle
Comparison of Sampling Methods to Monitor Lead and Copper at Consumer's tap ............ 1519M. Prevost, S. Nour, L. Laroche, C. Cartier
DETECTION AND OCCURRENCE OF WATERBORNE PATHOGENS
Host Cell Capture Quantitative PCR Detection of Viruses ....................................................... 1549
G. Di Giovanni, L. Sifuentes, K. Mena
Naegleria fowleri Proposed Operational Practices .................................................................. 1553S. Bontrager, B. Robinson
Occurrence and Control of Naegleria fowleri in Well Water Chlorine Resistance ................. 1582C. Gerba, B. Blair, P. Sarkar, K. Bright
Hydrophobic Behavior of Mycobacterium Avium Ssp Avium in Pure Culture....................... 1597A. Jacque, G. Harrington, M. Collins
Legionella in Water Systems in Spain: Comparison of Detection Methods ........................... 1620G. Saucedo, A. Terradillos, B. Galofre, I. Salazar, F. Ribas
Yersinia as a Waterborne Pathogen: Implications of Method Selection on Detection ........................................................................................................................................ 1664
B. Cheyne, M. Van Dyke, W. Anderson, V. Morton, K. Pintar, F. Pollari, P. Huck
TASTE AND ODOR: METHODS, CONSUMERS AND CONTROL
T&O Removal Using Ozone and UV Oxidation Processes ....................................................... 1668
S. Kommineni, M. Pirnie
Novel Method for In-situ Capture of Taste and Odour (T&O) in Drinking Water : Implementation of an Enrichment Tool ...................................................................................... 1692
D. Benali, D. Benanou, J. Cigana
Factors Influencing Drinking Water Consumption in a Municipal Network............................ 1706F. Proulx, M. Rodriguez, J. Serodes, C. Bouchard, L. Miranda-Moreno
Using a Consumer Panel as a Tool for Making Water Resource Blending Decisions ....................................................................................................................................... 1713
M. McGuire, K. Arnold, J. Biggs, M. Pearthree
Finding an Odor Standard for Flavor Profile Analysis of Drinking Water............................... 1722P. Omur-Ozbek, A. Dietrich
DBP POSTERS
Advantages of Using a Consumer Panel to Examine Aesthetic Challenges in a Northern California Water System .............................................................................................. 1727
M. McGuire, J. Leserman, D. Requa, S. Stephenson, M. Lang, N. Blute
Photodegradation and Dehalogenation of Aqueous Flame Retardants and Plasticizers .................................................................................................................................... 1739
M. Watts, K. Linden
Predicting Adsorbability of Organic Compounds on Activated Carbon................................. 1750I. Slavik, H. Bornick, E. Worch
Installation of a High Rate Magnetic Ion Exchange Process to Bring a Groundwater System into Compliance with the Stage 1 DBPR ............................................... 1765
N. Williams, M. Bourke, T. Shaw, M. Kelly, J. McCain
Electrolysis and Volatilization of Bromide from Drinking Water to Minimize Bromate Production by Ozonation.............................................................................................. 1772
D. Kimbrough, L. Boulos, P. Westerhoff, I. Suffet
Techniques for the Simultaneous Control of Manganese and Disinfection By-Products at Conventional Water Treatment Facilities .............................................................. 1815
S. Jeffcoat, S. Lavinder, D. Dye, R. Sosebee
Haloacetic Acid (HAA) Precursor Treatment: Identifying Characteristics for Removal ......................................................................................................................................... 1827
E. Goslan, P. Jarvis, T. Bond, C. Bougeard, B. Jefferson, S. Parsons
Development and Application of the Trihalomethanes Monitoring System in Drinking Water Process................................................................................................................ 1842
T. Hwang, S. Nam, Y. Choi, H. Oh
CORROSION AND CORROSION CONTROL
Modelling the Transport Behaviour of Particles and Corrosion Products in Drinking Water Distribution Systems ......................................................................................... 1851
K. Ripl, C. Wolf, W. Uhl
Three Years After Implementing Corrosion Control: Did We Get it Right? ............................ 1861Q. Muylwyk, I. Douglas
Planning for Ph Change: Maintaining Optimal Corrosion Control Treatment After Changes to Water Quality Treatment Processes....................................................................... 1889
D. Roth, D. Cornwell, N. Cole
Corrosion Control Evaluation for Tucson, Arizona ................................................................... 1898J. Collins, G. Hoeger, M. McGuire, J. Biggs, C. Cotton
Strategies to Control Red Water Occurrences in Distribution System ................................... 1937D. Mishra, S. Kommineni
Polyphosphates - The Solution To Distribution System Low Residuals, Biofilm and Pipe Corrosion-Part III........................................................................................................... 1943
S. Arweiler, D. Webb
VOLUME 4
OZONE AND ADVANCED OXIDATION
Ozone Contactor Flow Visualization and Characterization Using 3-Dimensional Laser Induced Fluorescence ....................................................................................................... 1967
D. Kim, P. Roberts, M. Elovitz, J. Kim
Comparison of Disinfection Calculation Methods to Actual Inactivation Measured in a Continuous-flow Ozone Contactor ...................................................................................... 1974
I. Najm, N. Brown, T. Hargy, D. Rexing, P. Zhou, M. Hotaling, R. Navratil, S. Via
Using Chlorine-Ammonia Pretreatment for Bromate Control during Ozonation ................... 1990E. Wert, J. Neemann, D. Johnson, D. Rexing, R. Zegers
An Evaluation of the Effects of Coquitlam Source Water Turbidity on Ozone and UV Disinfection.............................................................................................................................. 1996
T. Hargy, L. Landry
Evaluation of the Dynamic Energy Consumption of Ozonation and UV Technologies for Water Treatment.............................................................................................. 2015
Y. Chang, P. Kwan, K. Rakness
Modeling UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Processes in Water: The New ROH,UV Concept .......................................................................................................................................... 2045
E. Rosenfeldt, K. Linden
DISINFECTION POSTER
Evaluation of the Character of Mixed-Oxidant Species formed from Electrolysis of Brine ............................................................................................................................................... 2054
A. Sykes, H. Weinberg
Quality Control Strategies for Continuous Monitoring Ozone Sensors.................................. 2060S. Mahoney, A. Saskowitz
Evaluating Sequential Disinfection in Continuous Flow Water Treatment Systems ............. 2074B. Richards, J. Ducoste
Testing of Disinfection Alternatives for South Florida ASR Facility ....................................... 2082H. Landis, R. Verrastro, R. Frias
Electrolysis of Drinking Water and It’s Effect on Microbial Survival....................................... 2095D. Kimbrough, Y. Kouame, P. Moheban, S. Springthorpe, L. Boulos
Using an Internal Environmental Audit Program to Improve Compliance.............................. 2134M. Corson
Upgrade of the Ozone Facilities at the Sweeney Wtp in Wilmington, NC ............................... 2156R. Bouchard, J. Coggins, R. Hulsey, M. Richardson
IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROBE RECOVERY
Simultaneous Recovery of Diverse Microbes from Tap Water Using Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration.................................................................................................................................. 2161
A. Polaczyk, V. Hill, J. Amburgey
Statistical Analysis of Microbial Data Obtained by Serial Dilution-Agar Plate Methods ......................................................................................................................................... 2185
P. Schmidt, M. Emelko
Evaluation of the Methods for Enumerating Coliform Bacteria from Water Samples Using Precise Reference Standards ........................................................................... 2195
M. Gauci, T. Wohlsen, G. Vesey
Reducing the Health Risk by Using Rapid Quantification Methods for E Coli Monitoring in Bathing Waters ...................................................................................................... 2221
P. Bergeron, S. Courtois, F. Chaubron, J. Laine
Performance Characteristics of Methods Approved for the Detection of Coliforms in Drinking Water .......................................................................................................................... 2229
C. Fricker, P. Warden, M. DeSarno, B. Eldred
Improved, Rapid Hollow-fiber Ultrafiltration (HFUF) for Recovery of Microbial Pathogens, Indicators, and Surrogate Bioterrorism Agents from San Francisco’s Source and Drinking Waters ........................................................................................................ 2232
O. Simmons III, M. Casteel, H. Lee, E. Andersen, M. Sobsey
MEMBRANE PROCESS EVALUATION: FEASIBILITY TO FULL-SCALE
A Feasibility Assessment of Membrane Process Retrofit in a 40 MGD Ozonation and Softening WTP ....................................................................................................................... 2250
K. Atasi, J. Reynhout, C. McCormack, T. Suszek
Membrane Filtration-Meet More Stringent LT2ESWTR Without Breaking Your Budget ............................................................................................................................................ 2268
Y. Sun, R. Gerlach, C. Canonico, N. Matthews, R. Istre
Membranes and UV-Understanding and Utilizing the Inherent Synergies for LT2ESWTR Compliance ............................................................................................................... 2284
J. Lozier, P. Swaim, J. Garcia-Aleman
Pre-ozonation Prior to Microfiltration Membranes, a Pilot Scale Evaluation ......................... 2318J. Chen, S. Dow, C. Cruz, W. Fryer
Water Quality Performance Comparison of Reverse Osmosis to Dual-Pass Nanofiltration for Seawater Desalination.................................................................................... 2334
T. Tseng, R. Cheng, K. Wattier
Designing Membrane Filtration for Concurrent Operation with Conventional Filtration-Yuba City WTP 30 MGD Expansion Experience........................................................ 2353
S. Pan, I. Pietz, R. Stratton, D. Murbach
INORGANICS TREATMENT USING INNOVATIVE PROCESSES
A Comparative Study of Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Zinc Chloride Treated Granular Activated Carbons .......................................................................... 2359
A. Bhatnagar, M. Ji, Y. Choi, W. Jung, B. Jeon, J. Kang
Electrochemical Removal of Total Dissolved Solids, Nitrate, Ammonia from Drinking Water using Charge Barrier Capacitive Deionisation................................................ 2369
R. Broseus, J. Cigana, B. Barbeau, L. Seed, G. Shelp, C. Daines, H. Suty
Regeneration of Perchlorate and Nitrate Loaded Ion-Exchange Resins Using Biological Reduction .................................................................................................................... 2377
J. Batista, M. Sharbatmaleki, P. Jensen
Optimizing Processes Downstream of Biological Perchlorate Treatment.............................. 2387J. Brown, C. Lauderdale, G. Estevao
Perchlorate, Arsenic, & TDS Removal From Groundwater Using EDR & Biofiltration: Pilot Testing Through Full-Scale Design & Construction .................................. 2391
M. Barry, J. Brown, E. Hansen, R. Wheadon, C. Christiansen
Nitrification, Iron and Arsenic Removal in Biologically Active Filters: A Case Study .............................................................................................................................................. 2404
D. Lytle, T. Sorg, A. Chen, L. Wang, K. French
INORGANIC POSTERS
Managing Manganese: Understanding Sources to Develop Solutions................................... 2427
S. Clark, P. Brandhuber, G. Fuller, B. Spillman
Tough Water Qualities: How to Treat Hard Sulfur-Laden Groundwaters................................ 2446M. Graves, P. Kwan, R. Noack, T. St. Tours, N. Graff
Removal of Silica Coating from Porous Media to Improve Adsorption Capacity .................. 2458R. Dennis, D. Bitter, N. Abboud
Predicting Contaminant Removal by Adsorptive Media Using the Triple Layer Model .............................................................................................................................................. 2472
A. Vieira, L. Katz, C. Chen
Modeling Multi-Contaminant Removal by Ion Exchange.......................................................... 2482G. Ghurye, D. Clifford
METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ORGANISMS IN WATER
Decay Rate Index for E Coli and Enterococci in Fresh and Salt Bathing Waters .................. 2502
W. Hijnen, A. Lugtenberg, H. Ruiter, R. Vink, G. Medema
Improvements in Cryptosporidium Recovery and Variability Through Modifications to USEPA Method 1623 ........................................................................................ 2510
G. Kimble, J. Amburgey, H. Hilger
Detection of Infectious Cryptosporidium in Treated Drinking Water Using Multiple Cell Culture Assays and Genotyping.......................................................................................... 2525
A. Johnson, G. Di Giovanni, P. Rochelle
Molecular Forensic Profiling of Cryptosporidium Spp to Determine the Diversity of Fecal Contamination in Four Canadian Watersheds ............................................................ 2536
N. Ruecker, E. Topp, T. Edge, D. Lapen, E. Van Bochove, H. Schreier, W. Koning, J. Miller, I. Khan, V. Gannon, C. Sensen, N. Neumann
Isolation of Lactose-negative Coliform Bacteria from a Water Treatment Plant.................... 2548J. Huguet, B. Galofre, A. Terradillos, G. Saucedo, F. Ribas, A. De Barcelona
Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment; New Tools to Assess and Manage Risks from Pathogens in Drinking Water ................................................................................... 2565
E. Hartnett, S. McFadyen, I. Douglas, W. Robertson, G. Paoli
MICROBE POSTERS
LIMS Implementation Improves Efficiency, Reduces Costs and Enhances Data Quality ............................................................................................................................................ 2580
J. Keith, A. Trentman
Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis Isolated from Drinking Water and Food ............................................................................................................................. 2588
D. King, A. Beumer, S. Pfaller
GEOSMIN AND MIB: PERCEPTION TO TREATMENT
European Reassessment of MIB and Geosmin Perception in Drinking Waters..................... 2595
P. Piriou, R. Devesa, M. De Lalande, K. Glucina
Method Development for Analysis of Trace Taste and Odor Compounds in Drinking Water............................................................................................................................... 2602
W. Davis II, Y. Li
Effect of TOC, TDS, Temperature, and Concentration on Henry's Law Constants of Geosmin and Trichloromethane ............................................................................................. 2603
C. Jo, H. Johnson, A. Dietrich
Removal of 2-methylisoborneol and Geosmin with High-silica Zeolites ................................ 2610B. Yuncu, D. Knappe
VOLUME 5
Modeling Biodegradation and Adsorption of Geosmin and MIB at Low Concentrations in Biofilters ......................................................................................................... 2621
W. Uhl, F. Persson, G. Heinicke
Evaluating UV/H2O2 Performance for Taste and Odor Control David Dani1, Karl Linden2, R. Scott Summers3 ....................................................................................................... 2636
D. Dani, K. Linden, R. Summers
THE MANY USES OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM MODELS
Nitrification Inhibition Kinetics by Low Levels of Chlorite ....................................................... 2646
M. Rungvetvuthivitaya, R. Song, M. Campbell, J. Wang, C. Ray
Identifying Backflow Hotspots Using Meters and Models........................................................ 2658K. Fleming, D. Hughes
A Water Quality Improvement Plan Using Combined Distributed Treatment and Distribution System Modeling Technology ................................................................................ 2673
L. Jacobsen, M. Fang, J. Chan
Halftime Report: IDSE Models vs. DBP Measurements ............................................................ 2705J. Cruickshank
Calibration and Application of Water Quality Modeling in Distribution Systems .................. 2735J. Yang, D. Swailes
Using GIS and Water Quality Model to Analyze Potential Risk Areas of Lead leaching in Water Distribution Systems ..................................................................................... 2755
M. Wang, W. Zhang, H. Devine
HIGH-EFFICIENCY/ENHANCED PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES
Study of Conventional and Engineered Granular Media Filtration Performance................... 2775
D. Scott, M. Emelko, J. Bolton
Evaluating Pre-oxidation Alternatives for Upgrade of Surface Water Treatment with Dissolved Air Flotation......................................................................................................... 2806
F. Zraick, K. Cartnick, X. Wang
DAF: Water Quality Considerations and the World’s Largest DAF Plant ............................... 2829W. Becker, M. Valade, S. Freud, S. Bishop
Long-term Comparison Testing with Sand Ballasted Flocculation (SBF) and High-rate Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) .............................................................................................. 2877
S. Kempeneers, J. Clement, J. Van Cappellen, G. Budd, W. Bossaerts, G. Milton
Evaluation of High-rate Clarification Processes As a Pretreatment to Microfiltration of a Surface Water ............................................................................................... 2881
D. Wilson, S. Dow, J. Chen, W. Fryer
Numerical and Experimental Study of a Low Load High Rate Sand Ballasted Technology .................................................................................................................................... 2891
K. Essemiani, A. Gadbois, J. Cigana, E. Laflamme, J. Berard
USEPA’S WATER SECURITY INITIATIVE: CONTAMINATION WARNING SYSTEM DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION AT THE GREATER CINCINNATI WATER WORKS INITIAL PILOT UTILITY
Implementation of the Contamination Warning System at GCWW ......................................... 2903
D. Hartman, J. Swertfeger
Developing a Concept of Operations for an Integrated, Multi-Component Contamination Warning System.................................................................................................. 2911
S. Allgeier, J. Pulz
Developing a Consequence Management Plan for a Contamination Warning System ........................................................................................................................................... 2921
B. Pickard, J. Fencil
Water Quality Monitoring for the Contaminant Warning System at the Greater Cincinnati Water Works................................................................................................................ 2932
J. Swertfeger, D. Hartman, Y. Lee
Contamination Warning System Evaluation .............................................................................. 2937J. Pulz, S. Allgeier
MEMBRANE INTEGRITY AND NOVEL APPLICATIONS
Considerations on the Extension of the LT2ESWTR Membrane Regulatory Framework to Other Pathogens .................................................................................................. 2943
B. Alspach
Validation of the Pressure Decay Test for UF membrane integrity monitoring using MS2-phages ........................................................................................................................ 2960
A. Brehant, K. Glucina, J. Laine, P. Sauvade
Mechanical and Chemical Stabilities of Polymeric Membranes .............................................. 2989C. Liu
Innovative Membrane Treatment of Waste Filter Backwash .................................................... 3007J. Tobiason, K. Mercer, A. Nguyen
A Polishing Hybrid AER/UF Membrane Process for the Treatment of a High DOC Content Surface Water ................................................................................................................. 3017
H. Humbert, J. Croue, J. Schrotter
Low-cost Ceramic Membrane Filtration for Application in Developing Countries: the Ceramic Silver-impregnated Pot Filter ................................................................................. 3033
D. Van Halem, B. Heijman, H. Van Dijk, G. Amy
ORGANIC CONTAMINANT OXIDATION: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
The Impact of Co-contaminants in Septic Effluents on the Transport of Steroid Estrogens through Soil-Water Treatment................................................................................... 3040
B. Stanford, H. Weinberg
Chlorination of Pharmaceuticals................................................................................................. 3048I. Xagoraraki, R. Hullman, W. Song, H. Li
UV Oxidation for Groundwater Recharge Reuse at West Basin .............................................. 3067G. Bradshaw
Modeling Organics Degradation with the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process Using Computational Fluid Dynamics ........................................................................................ 3077
S. Alpert, J. Ducoste
Screening Study and Byproduct Determination for Pesticide Degradation during Disinfection in Water Treatment .................................................................................................. 3094
E. Chamberlain, T. Wang, C. Adams, Y. Ma, H. Shi, M. Meyer, A. Fulmer
Elimination of Microcystins and Associated Toxicity Through Biofiltration Processes ...................................................................................................................................... 3102
L. Ho, D. Hoefel, A. Gaudieux, A. Humpage, C. Saint, G. Newcombe
INACTIVATION OF ORGANISMS AND LABORATORY PREPAREDNESS
Removal of Cyanobacteria and Their Metabolites Through Water Treatment Processes-south Australian Case Studies................................................................................. 3114
L. Ho, G. Newcombe
Microbial Efficacy of Innovative Water Reuse Technologies ................................................... 3123J. Bandy, P. Ruiz-Haas, K. Cho, A. Salveson, K. Linden
Effect of Pathogen Concentration on Pathogen Removal in Conventional Surface Water Treatment............................................................................................................................ 3132
G. Harrington, P. Assavasilavasukul, B. Lau, R. Hoffman, M. Borchardt
Assessment of UV-Induced Damage to the Adenoviral Genome Using Quantitative PCR........................................................................................................................... 3147
A. Eischeid, K. Linden
The Drinking Water Laboratory Response Preparedness Project: Milestones and Lessons Learned........................................................................................................................... 3150
A. Mudambi
Enrichment, Isolation, and Characterization of Dominant Bacteria That Degrade Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water ............................................................................................ 3178
P. Zhang, R. Hozalski, T. LaPara, Y. Xie, A. Camper, L. Leach
CHLORAMINES: BY-PRODUCTS AND WATER QUALITY EFFECTS
Using Formation Potential Tests to Elucidate the Reactivity of DBP Precursors with Chlorine versus with Chloramines...................................................................................... 3184
S. Krasner, M. Sclimenti, W. Mitch, P. Westerhoff, A. Dotson
Method Development for Analysis of Carcinogenic Hydrazines in Water .............................. 3195W. Davis II, Y. Li
Measuring the Life Cycle Cost of Chloramines ......................................................................... 3197W. Lovins, R. Powell, S. Duranceau
Chlorite Decay Kinetics in Chloraminated Waters .................................................................... 3227M. Rungvetvuthivitaya, R. Song, M. Campbell, J. Wang, C. Ray
Elevated Natural Source Water Ammonia and Nitrification in the Distribution System ........................................................................................................................................... 3242
D. Lytle, C. Muhlen, B. Almassalkhi
Nitrosamine, Nitrile And Nitramine Formation Relevant To Nitrification Control .................. 3263W. Mitch
VOLUME 6
MAINTAINING WATER QUALITY IN THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Assessment of Transient Negative Pressures at the Site of the Payment's Drinking Water Epidemiological Studies.................................................................................... 3270
M. Besner, J. Lavoie, P. Payment, M. Prevost
Particulate Finger Printing of Water Quality in the Distribution System ................................ 3281J. Verberk, J. Vreeburg, J. Van Dijk
Maintaining Distribution Water Quality during a Major Reservoir Repair Effort .................... 3295A. Harvey, R. Kopansky
Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling for Water Quality Management .................................................................................................................................. 3308
F. Mahmood, J. Pimblett
Determining the Source of Low Disinfectant Residuals Using Fluoride Tracer Protocols........................................................................................................................................ 3322
N. Pizzi, M. Rodgers, D. Ramsey
CURRENT CONTEMPLATIONS IN COAGULATION
A Simple Method for Water Plant Optimization and Operation of Coagulation ..................... 3344
J. Edzwald, G. Kaminski
Microbial Elimination Capacity of conventional water treatment for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts ............................................................................................... 3350
W. Hijnen, G. Medema
Removal of Multiple Microorganisms Under Varying Coagulation Conditions in a Pilot-Plant ...................................................................................................................................... 3361
J. Amburgey, V. Hill, A. Polaczyk, M. Arrowood
Impact of Magnetic Ion Exchange (MIEX) Resin on Floc Properties: a Pilot Plant Evaluation ...................................................................................................................................... 3398
P. Jarvis, M. Mergen, S. Parsons, B. Jefferson
Alternative TOC Removal Requirements for Cost-Savings while not Compromising Your Water Quality Treatment Goals................................................................ 3412
Y. Wang, Y. Forrest, M. Littleton, D. Belhateche
Coyote Springs WTP Optimizes Arsenic and Fluoride Removal with Pilot Testing .............. 3423S. Pan, E. Wert, J. Chapman, R. Stratton, P. Kwan, E. Mortensen, Y. Chang
INORGANICS ANALYSIS
State-of-the-Art Geochemical Techniques in Evaluating Drinking Water Treatment Contaminant Removal Processes ............................................................................................... 3431
N. Blute, M. McGuire, G. Qin, D. Brabander, M. Newville, P. Kavounas
New Developments in Chlorite Residual Analysis .................................................................... 3441X. Wu, G. Qin, M. McGuire, N. Blute, D. Askenaizer
Fluoride Testing Method: Improving Ion Chromatography Accuracy..................................... 3453C. Cruse, P. Walton
Analysis of Bromate: How Do You Know You Are Really in Compliance? ............................ 3472A. Eaton, A. Haghani, L. Ramirez
Methods for the Analysis of Iodoacids in Drinking Water ........................................................ 3485K. Weissbach, H. Weinberg
MEMBRANE FOULING
Comparing NOM Related Fouling of Low Pressure Membranes and Development of a Unified Membrane Fouling Index ......................................................................................... 3489
C. Mysore, J. Lozier, G. Amy, J. Jacangelo
Impact of Chemical Cleaning on Properties and Functioning of UF Membranes .................. 3511E. Arkhangelsky, A. Brenner, V. Gitis
Optimization of Aeration and Backwash for Submerged Microfiltration of Surface Water .............................................................................................................................................. 3522
B. Choi, H. Oh, T. Hwang, S. Iee, J. Choi
Aggravated Fouling of NF and RO Membranes in the Presence of Dissolved Organic Matter and Inorganic Colloids....................................................................................... 3530
A. Harris, C. Marbury, Q. Li
Impact of Feed Water Quality on Biofouling of Nanofiltration Membranes Used for Drinking Water Production .......................................................................................................... 3540
K. Kecili, A. Houari, C. Marconnet, H. Habarou, P. Di Martino, V. Heim
Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of the Impact of Fouling on the removal of EDCs/PPCPs by Nanofiltration Membranes ............................................................................... 3552
G. Makdissy, S. Peldszus, R. McPhail, P. Huck
RISK, OCCURRENCE AND TREATMENT OF MICROPOLLUTANTS
Environmental Risk Associated with Antibiotics and Pharmaceuticals in Surface Waters ............................................................................................................................................ 3557
K. Bronstein, H. Weinberg
Screening Analysis of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Water .................................. 3563Y. Li, J. Whitaker, C. McCarty
Developing Sampling Designs for Atrazine and TCT based on Historical Data..................... 3566J. Rosen, A. Roberson, J. Sobrinho
Advanced Water Treatment Technologies for Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Removal in Reuse Water .............................................................................................................. 3581
K. Cho, P. Ruiz-Haas, J. Bandy, K. Linden
EDC and PPCP Compound Occurrence and Reduction Through Treatment Processes ...................................................................................................................................... 3588
J. Oppenheimer, S. Adham, J. DeCarolis
Assessment of Advanced Treatment Technologies and Processes for Removal of Chemical Pollutants for Water Reuse ......................................................................................... 3603
P. Ruiz-Haas, J. Bandy, K. Cho, A. Salveson, K. Linden
BIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF WATER IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Development of a Rapid Bioluminescent AOC Test.................................................................. 3612
L. Weinrich, E. Giraldo, M. LeChevallier
Application Of A Flow Cytometry Method To Quantify Bacterial Regrowth And Assimilable Organic Carbon In Distribution Systems .............................................................. 3634
E. Rosenfeldt, C. Baeza, D. Knappe
Effect of Stannous Chloride on Bacterial Growth in Distribution Systems ............................ 3641X. Dai
Factors Affecting Biofilm Density in Drinking Water Distribution Systems ........................... 3649S. Srinivasan, G. Harrington, I. Xagoraraki, R. Goel
Microbial Source Tracking in Distribution Systems: a Retrospective Analysis .................... 3662C. Krentz, S. Payne, G. Gagnon, M. Mosher, L. Truelstrup-Hansen, M. Friedman, M. LeChevallier
Modeling of Heterotrophic Bacteria in a Water Distribution System ...................................... 3667A. Francisque, M. Rodriguez, L. Miranda, R. Sadiq
WHAT’S NEW AND EXCITING IN FILTRATION
North America or Europe: Who is the True World Leader in Drinking Water Practice? (What Can Each Learn from the Other?) ................................................................... 3678
G. Amy
Management of Micro and Macro-organisms Contamination of Filter Beds .......................... 3704K. Glucina, J. Loret, M. Jousset, S. Robert, C. Marchand, I. Baudin
Optimierung Der Trinkwasseraufbereitung Bei Schwankender Rohwasserquali-tät Mehrfach Genutzter Talsperren ................................................................................................... 3714
I. Slavik, W. Uhl
Modelling of Clogging of Biological Activated Carbon Filters................................................. 3723P. Ross, L. Rietveld, L. Van Der Aa, J. Van Dijk
Increasing Plant Capacity By Optimizing Filter Media Design: The Atlantic City MUA Experience............................................................................................................................ 3734
M. Lewandowski, M. Bottin, W. Becker, J. Herzner
Polymer Dosing for Filtration: Engineering Flocs..................................................................... 3751L. Fabrizi, P. Jarvis, S. Parsons, B. Jefferson
ORGANIC BY-PRODUCT ANALYSIS
Online SPE-LC-MSMS for the quantification of pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disruptors in drinking water sources of Montreal region (Quebec, Canada).......................................................................................................................... 3761
L. Viglino, K. Aboulfadl, A. Mahvelat, M. Prevost, S. Sauve
Methods for the Analysis of Priority DBPs in RO-Concentrated Drinking Water................... 3775N. Bodin, H. Weinberg, S. Krasner, S. Richardson, J. Pressman, T. Speth, R. Miltner, J. Simmons
Simultaneous Analytical Method for 1,4-dioxane and N-nitrosoamines Using Solid Phase Extraction and GC/MS/MS/CI from Aqueous Samples .................................................. 3781
L. Yoo, S. Fitzsimmons, M. Wehner
Real-Time Oxidation and Byproduct Formation by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ................................................................................................................................. 3793
B. Vanderford, F. Rosario-Ortiz, S. Snyder
Solid-Phase Extraction of 35 DBPs with Analysis by GC/ECD and GC/MS ............................ 3798R. Chinn, T. Lee, S. Krasner, M. Dale, S. Richardson, J. Pressman, T. Speth, R. Miltner, J. Simmons
PFOS / PFOA and Beyond by On-line SPE coupled with HPLC – MS/MS ............................... 3818A. Haghani
USING SOFTWARE TOOLS TO MANAGE WATER QUALITY
Practical Applications of an Integrated LIMS / OPS System for Water Quality ...................... 3834
E. Turner
ADSORPTION, ION EXCHANGE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Stoichiometric Removal of Disinfection Byproduct Precursors by Ion Exchange ................ 3856
T. Boyer, P. Singer, G. Aiken
Combined Adsorption and Ion Exchange Removal of Trace Anionic Organic Compounds by Ion Exchange Resins......................................................................................... 3865
S. Kang, R. Summers, G. Amy
Removal of NOM Fractions by Different Ion Exchange (IEX) and Adsorbent Resins and Effect on the Performance of Activated Carbon.................................................... 3872
A. Grefte, M. Dignum, L. Rietveld, E. Cornelissen, G. Amy
Integrated Analysis of NOM Removal by Magnetic Ion Exchange........................................... 3884P. Singer, T. Boyer, A. Holmquist, J. Morran, M. Bourke
MIEX® Treatment of Polarity Based Fractions of Natural Organic Matter From a Western Australian Groundwater................................................................................................ 3897
S. Hamilton, C. Joll, R. Kagi, P. Greenwood
Characterization of Amino Acid Fraction of Organic Matter During Drinking Water Treatment ....................................................................................................................................... 3907
P. Westerhoff, A. Dotson
FREE-LIVING AMOEBAE: WHAT ARE THEY AND WHY SHOULD WE CARE? SPECIAL TOPIC SESSION
Free-Living Amebae: Biology, Epidemiology and Public Health Significance....................... 3911
G. Visvesvara
Methods for Detecting, Identifying and Quantitating Free-Living Amebae in Water ............. 3920F. Marciano-Cabral, M. Jamerson, G. Cabral
Author Index
