Water Research Review2014/2015

Inte

rnat

iona

l aid

and

spo

nsor

ed w

ater

pro

gram

mes

Stakeholder engagem

ent opportunitiesregarding w

ater challenges

NER

C strategy partners likely - S

evernTrent, B

P, Shell - can explore challenges

Advising on facilitating partnerships -

water stew

ardship/governance

Advise governm

ent alternative financingsolution to building infrastructure

Working w

ithin DB

, PP

P, DB

Oteam

s for desalination

Risk assessm

ents on existing

and new supply projects

Value of natural

eco system

Surface w

ater managem

ent

for water quality

Whole catchm

ent modelling:

water resources, w

ater cycle

Water cycle m

anagement vs hard

infrastructure, 'design with w

ater'

Clim

atic/hydrological

studies

Water dem

and

managem

ent

Water resources

assessment

Land use planning

and water

Monitor im

pacts over-extraction

through groundwater m

odelling

Holistic m

anagement

of whole w

ater cycle

Water

auditsCatchm

ent: resource/ assessment/

managem

ent studies

Studies into the ground 'asset'

and design of mitigation

Imposed m

igration - identification

of regions with natural resources

International waters as

a specific business area

Advise government on cross-border

policy and water sharing arrangements

Use of oceans for heat sinks, CO2

reduction & water awareness raising

Political differences

'wars'

Trans boundary: taking sides

and fall out - stressed politics

Trans boundary: horizon scan

of water sensitive/strife areas

Trans boundary: political invest,

security of funding in the long-term

Coastal engineering

and flood defences

Concern for coastal flooding leading to

RFDs on CC resilience for transport

Advising government on downstream

impacts of dams on river systems

Water as connector: wildlife

corridors, transport, urban form

Transport navigation

Creating port infrastructure

Catchment planning

Strategic water management

plans for citiesPopulation movement

studies

Asset management of

existing infrastructureLack of governance and

funding from 'cities'Water and climate change resilience

perspective for future city designHierarchy of change: demographics,

climate & environment, market Develop and promote a 'water & people' agenda

Influence gov policy to entice behavioural change

Fully integrated water reuse systems for cities

Carbon foot-printing urban water supply

Missing transition to focus on small-scale and incremental

Conflict with 'natural habitats'

designated sites & eco/conservationists

Water sensitive urban

planning - retrofit models

Mega cities catchment

scale and security

Influence policy

in cities

Mega cities - challenge

status-quo

Comprehensive population/

city planning

Potential of aggregating small

scale action: funding, supply

Treatment of effluents for re-use - to be

used on process water, grey water, etc.

Water recycling in new developments,

campus & eco-districts

Industrial water reduction

service model (sole source)

Alternative water : share Arup capacity

and good practice from global coverage

Storm water harvesting

system design

Resource factories - energy, h

eat,

resources, nutrie

nts

Direct potable

re-use

Fracking and

water use

Respond to

the s

hort

term politic

al agen

da

Energy r

educ

tion

in dem

and

Low en

ergy t

echn

ologie

s

for fre

sh pota

ble wate

r

Energ

y effic

ient

desa

linati

on

Integ

rated

wate

r and

ener

gy m

arke

t offe

rings

Nuclea

r and

water

use

Ener

gy re

cove

ry fr

om w

ater

and

treat

men

t sys

tem

s

Heat t

reat

men

t

netw

orks

Ener

gy e

fficien

cy fo

r

wat

er tr

eatm

ent

Indu

stry

CSR

: wat

er/

ener

gy/w

aste

Lo

w g

rade

hea

t

sour

ces/

sinks

Ener

gy tr

ansit

ion

- wat

er

infra

stru

ctur

e, le

gacy

- re

-use

Proc

ess

heat

utilis

atio

n

Cos

t of e

nerg

y vs

.

cost

of w

ater

Com

mun

ity e

ngag

emen

t

rega

rdin

g w

ater

as

an a

sset

Cre

ate

a vi

rtual

wor

ld a

nd s

ell '

conc

ept'

and

'act

ual'

dece

ntra

lised

wat

erK

now

ledg

e tra

nsfe

r fro

m

dece

ntra

lised

ene

rgy

netw

orks

Loca

l and

dec

entr

al w

ater

, int

egra

ted

wat

er m

anag

emen

t eng

inee

ring

Com

mun

ity to

olki

ts a

nd s

chem

es

right

sol

utio

ns fo

r site

con

stra

ints

Dec

entr

alis

ed w

ater

sup

plie

s: n

ewm

odel

s to

sup

ply

mun

icip

al w

ater

Bot

tom

up

and

top

dow

n in

frast

ruct

ure

Glo

bal c

orps

and

glo

balis

edca

pita

l vs

loca

l man

agem

ent

Loca

l and

dece

ntra

lised

wat

er

Initiate an OPA

L debate on food and w

ater (urgent)

Suitability of crops for different clim

ates due to water stress

Efficient irrigation for food

production, water/energy/food

Agriculture w

ater efficiency

and water rights m

anagement

Food and energy production, water

efficiency, cost savings, embedded w

ater

Land, food, water, energy - nexus

we need m

ore expertise here

Opportunities

around food

Irrigation techniques for crops that

minim

ise water consum

ption

Map pharm

a

water globally

Waste w

ater treatment

for pharma pollution

Manage visualise

and use client data

Smart w

ater metering

AMR

, AMI

Integrated spatially based

data managem

ent of data

Catchm

ent

monitoring

Smart control of w

ater

ways to relieve flooding risk

Smart m

etering,

information m

anagement

Big data

capture and analysis

Space, earth observation

data - managing the catchm

ent

technology, readiness (integration of

technology) support to supply chain

Systems approach, inter m

odelling,

catchment scale, m

ega city scale

Data analytics, data -

information - decision support

Smart water and more

integrated city systems

Smart metering and

smart hydraulic modelling

“Smart cities to smart

catchment” using span source

Storm water, ageing infrastructure

and combined sewer overflows

Asset management - critical

failure and business risk

Developing design codes

for resilient infrastructure

Eliminate mitigation

and resilience

Material selection and

reducing replacement costs

Address inconsistent and incoherent

approach to asset management

Design in response to climate

change with geoengineering

Mapping natural

infrastructure opportunities

Green infrastructure analytics:

environmental restoration and enhancement

Integrated economic assessment/

planning of infrastructure

Combine social and natural capital

models, ecosystem services, social ROI

Collaboration with others on

ecosystem services qualification

City scale resilience, scale

interventions and interdependencies

"Totex" evaluation of impacts & benefits

Create a 'capitals' framework embracing economy and extending to social and natural

Bio mimicry to heal ageing infrastructure

Rehabilitation of water infrastructure

New approaches to address financing of ageing assets

Health & wellbeing -

public health

New generation

infrastructure

Adaptive infrastructure - building

in community & change

Maintain serviceability of

US water infrastructure

Water banking

in aquifers

Green infrastructure

and natural capital

Ecosystem

services

Population shifts - resilient

and flexible infrastructure

Capital models and

value of water

Future economic/

value trends - forecastDelivering 'whole life

benefits'

rather than min 'whole life

costs'Low maintenance materials/

networks for water supply

New entrants in this

space : P

WC, McKinsle

yManaging water a

t

source - h

olistically

Policy, desig

n,

planning

Building design (s

elf-su

fficien

t) in

term

s of w

ater/e

nergy c

onsumptio

n

Toward

s zero

wate

r - no

n-wate

r

solut

ions - b

reakin

g the m

odel

Share

best p

ractic

e effic

iently

with

in

Arup

whe

re reg

ulator

y les

sons

share

d

Horizo

n sca

n of u

pcom

ing ch

ange

s &

solut

ions f

or cl

ients

- brie

fing p

acks

Chang

e of d

irecti

on

in m

arke

ts if u

nsigh

ted

'Tra

nslat

ing re

gulat

ion a

nd le

gislat

ion -

so w

hat?

' guid

e with

Aru

p Le

gal

Using

our r

esea

rch

and

know

ledge

to

influ

ence

poli

cy -

thou

ght le

ader

ship

Impr

oving

con

sum

ption

rate

s

Do w

e re

view

all o

ppor

tuni

ties

for a

pps,

sof

twar

e an

d IP

?

Wat

er w

isdom

: sm

art,

secu

rity,

meg

a ci

ty, c

c im

pact

s, re

sour

ces

Educ

atio

n : e

xplo

it ES

RC re

latio

nshi

p

beha

viour

cha

nge

& at

titud

es to

wat

er

Esta

blish

ing

a 'v

alue

of w

ater

' blo

g an

d

kno

wle

dge

porta

l to

prom

ote

exch

ange

Advis

e go

vern

men

t on

educ

atio

n

and

wat

er a

war

enes

s ra

isin

g

Valu

e? a

ltern

ativ

e

ski

ll to

adv

ocat

e?

Not

hav

ing

right

sta

ff an

d kn

owle

dge

Wat

er a

cces

s pr

ojec

ts in

und

er-d

evel

oped

regi

ons

Priv

atis

ed d

eliv

ery

of w

ater

trea

tmen

t in

deve

lopi

ng c

ount

ries

PD

P's

in d

evel

opin

g co

untr

ies

for a

sset

man

agem

ent

Hea

lth a

nd s

anita

tion

in d

evel

opin

g co

untr

ies

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES

Water resources & ecoystems

Inter

natio

nal w

ater

Coa

stal

& tr

ansp

ort

Citi

es &

dem

ogra

phic

s

Water & energy

Decentralised water Food

waterPharma

Recycling and re-use

Smart water &

data

Resilient Infrastructure A

sset Managem

ent

Water & housing

& legislation

Regulation

Education & knowledge

Developing countries

Funding infrastructure

Stewardship & partnering

Water & energy

Resilient infrastructure

Cities &

dem

ogra

phic

s

Decentralised water, recycling and re-use

Water resources & ecosystem

services

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Sm

art w

ater &

data

First principles city (m

aximum

use of gravity)

Rethink relationship

between w

ater and energy

Working w

ithclim

ate change

Wise use

of water

Impacts of ageing

populations

Assessm

ent of critical

infrastructure

City real-tim

e,

smart data, M

IF

Water and

healthSmart products, fully integrated G

IS

model to inform

decision making

Smart data

spider

Future infrastructure

requirements for cities

Energy storage

Catchment

scale BIM

Human environmental services

like animals in the eco-system

Use of forecast data: predictive

asset managementIntelligent asset

management

Digital environments

Making use of earth observation data

Future ways of working across supply chains

Local information to support local planning

True understanding of

natural flood management

Asset management

of natural systems

Catchment

sciences

Working with

climate change

Water economics and

valuing the environment

Intelligent asset m

anagement: resilie

nce

and natural syste

ms functionality

Over-natu

ralisat

ion: deve

lop ecosys

tems

for benefits

beyond the natural st

ate.

Develo

pment o

f perf

orman

ce data

-

bases

for n

atural

infra

struc

ture

Econ

omics

or

recyc

ling

and

re-us

e

Wha

t is th

e

busin

ess c

ase?

Wha

t can

be

learn

t fro

m

dece

ntra

lisat

ion

in o

ther

utili

ties?

Publ

ic p

erce

ptio

ns o

f

blac

kwat

er b

arrie

rsSu

stai

nabl

e be

havi

ours

link

ed to

new

tech

nolo

gies

and

bui

ldin

g sy

stem

sIn

fluen

cing

polic

y

Opt

ions

var

iabi

lity,

feas

ibilit

y an

d

rule

s of

thum

b w

ith s

cale

.

Resource

factories

Future of the supply chain andim

proving approaches to PP

Ps

Com

munity guidance

for decentralised projects

Water econom

ics and

valuing the environment

Water and w

aste --water facility

of the future: urban and-- rural

Sim

ulating population,

demographics and living habits

Understanding future infrastructure

requirements for cities

Mapping m

etrics,

now and in the future

Retrofitting

energy / water

Catchment scenarios

modelling - efficient investm

ent

Impacts of

ageing populations

Wise use

of water

Impacts of buildings, infrastructure

and technology on wellbeing

Bio-regional planning, value

and benefits of ecosystems

Zero water technology

Exploring innovative land uses

Valuing water and wellbeing (£)

Asset management of natural systems

Establish techniques and evidence base for SROI of water infrastructure

Water, economics and valuing the environment

Combine

capital models

Catchment

sciences

Over-naturalisation: develop ecosystems

for benefits beyond the natural state

Direct and indirect virtual

water in energy productionAdvanced energy re

covery

systems from waste water

Harvestin

g heat across

the water c

ycle

Energy g

enera

tion - a

batemen

t

curve

s to ad

dress w

ater s

carci

ty

Optimisa

tion t

ools

for ne

twor

ks an

d

risk s

cena

rio plan

ning

Develo

ping

fram

ewor

k for

und

ersta

nding

equ

ivalen

ce

Lear

ning

from

ene

rgy

retro

fit in

cent

ives

ESC

OS

& W

SCO

S s

yner

gies

Ener

gy p

rodu

ctio

n, w

ater

requ

irem

ents

loca

l & re

mot

e

Inte

grat

ion

of e

nerg

y st

orag

e

into

the

wat

er c

ycle

Tool

kit f

or c

ity w

ide

low

gra

de

hea

t map

ping

- s

cena

rio te

stin

g

Water Research RoadmapTheme Prioritisation

Short term

Medium term

Long term

1

6

Priority for research activity

Low

High

3

4

5

1

6

3

4

5

1

2

1

2

Integrated water cycle

Wastewater

Water supply Flooding

Economy Place & Community C

limate C

hange

F

ood

& Ag

ricult

ure

Habitat & B

iodiversity Energy & Carbon Health & W

ellbe

ing

2

This report has been produced by the Water Skills Network and the Arup Foresight + Research + Innovation team.

The Arup F+R+I team identifies and monitors the trends and issues likely to have a significant impact upon the built environment and society at large. We research and raise awareness about the major challenges affecting the built environment and their implications. We help clients think more creatively about the long-term future and manage risk and uncertainty more effectively.

Water Research Review 2014/2015

1. Introduction

Water Research Review 2014/2015

The Water Skill Network and the Water Business within Arup have worked collaboratively with our Foresight + Research + Innovation team to review the Water Research portfolio over 2014/2015. The objective of the review was to:

- Capture all water related research undertaken during 2014/15- Analyse the research undertaken- Identify lessons learned that can be taken forward to

the 2015/16 research programme - Showcase some of the highlights of the research undertaken

The review was completed by Justin Abbott (Global Water Skills Lead), Marta Fernandez, David Hetherington and Jenna Beckett.

4

2. Our Skills Network

Water Research Review 2014/2015

Water skills are integral to most of Arup’s activity; either supporting our work direct with water clients, advising our clients on water resilience in a changing climate; or providing advisory services where water is increasingly recognised as a key risk in decision making. We see emerging themes as:

˗ Resilience to too much and too little water and extreme events.

˗ Incremental change e.g. global sea level rise impacting on communities and livelihoods.

˗ An increasing focus on smart water management and big data.

˗ The perceived value of water within both the urban space and the rural catchment with an increasing interest in social and natural capital.

˗ Asset management of deteriorating water infrastructure.˗ Catchment-based responses to address resilience and

climate change adaptation.˗ Increasing tensions over allocation of water.˗ The identification and treatment of “new” pollutants,

e.g. nano-particulates.

Our Network

Our Water Skills Network is currently over 1400 strong. The network forum is very active and reflects a vibrant community of expertise, that allows us to access global knowledge for the benefit of our clients. Our vision is to grow the network, focussing on those areas outside the UK, where network numbers are already healthy

Global1440 people

Arup’s Water Skills Network (2015)

UKMEA800

Australasia130

Americas130

East Asia200

Europe180

5

3. Research Topics

In 2013 the Water Business and Water Skill Network put together a research strategy early in the financial year to identify the priority areas for investment.

This was inspired by the 3 year global research roadmap outcomes and rationalised to respond to immediate business needs.

The agenda was shared with the water skill network community to invite applications in the prioritised areas.

Water Research Review 2014/2015

Research theme Research projects Prioritisation

Resilient infrastructure (inc ecosystems used for functionality)

Improving resilience of coastal and river areas, value of water, economics of resilience 5

SMART Water and SMART DataInnovative solutions that reduce costs, big data, ideas for efficient cities, GIS database applications

4

Water & Energy Hazards of underground caverns, HEP, reservoirs, combined utility centres 4

Integrated Water Management Cost benefits of solutions 4

Water Resources & Eco-system Services Water security, regional issues eg California 3

Decentralised Water Recycling and Re-useStrategic Major Opportunities with Operators, business case for industrial water re-use

3

Regulation & Legislation Governance 2

Pharma Water (inc nano technology) Applications for graphene 1

Cities & Demographics Water and people agenda 1

Coastal & Transport Implications of global sea level rise 0

Funding Infrastructure Different models inc BOT. DBFO 0

Education & Knowledge Better knowledge harvesting and water research roadmapping 0

Stewardship & PartneringExplore third sector and multi-agency issues through Design with Water framework (maybe ESRC)

0

International Water (inc Transboundary) Large scale water rights issues eg Colorado, Murray Darling 0

Water & Housing Explore crossover with Public Health research and plumbing 0

Food Food-Water-Energy Nexus around sewage sludge, food waste and farm slurry 0

Developing Countries Understand role in disease avoidance of different treatment solutions 0

6

Projects have been reviewed to assess which subject of the water research strategy they focused on. A significant area of research this financial year has focused on Flooding. This in part is due to the Global Research Challenge call for 2014 which was titled ‘Cities, Flooding and Sea Level Rise’.

The chart shows the distribution of funding across different topics.

Water Research Review 2014/2015

Funding distribution per topic

Smart Water 1% Water reuse 1% Stewardship 1%

Water Risk 3%

Urban water 5%

Water resources 6%

Water and Energy 6%

Wastewater 10%

Resilience 11%

Catchment Management 12%

Flooding 19%

Green infrastructure 25%

3. Research Topics continued

7

4. Collaborations

In many cases external engagement with private or public sector partners or academic institutions is needed to speed up development, leverage funding and maximise the value from investments. Collaboration with private sector partners provides an opportunity develop relationships with current and potential clients.

There were 10 collaborative projects and over 50% of those involved public authorities.

The figure maps the types of collaborations and the amount of funding invested for each type of collaboration.

Water Research Review 2014/2015

The partners that have been engaged in projects this year include:

UniversitiesBirkbeck College, UKMEALeeds University, UKMEANewcastle University, UKMEAOld Dominion University (Virginia), AmericasSouthampton University, UKMEASwansea University, UKMEAUCL, UKMEAYork University, UKMEA

Research CentresHeinz CentreSavory Institute

Public bodiesCities of Birmingham, Bristol, Hull, NorfolkWastewater lagoon operators in AustraliaNational disaster preparedness training centreNatural Resources Wales

CompaniesArgos AnalyticsESASainbury’s plc

8

Appendix 1. Research projects

Water Research Review 2014/2015

ID Project Title Fund Name PD PM Region

9859 Sustainable Drainage Design Guidelines - Hong Kong East Asia Research Fergal Whyte Mathew Bamm East Asia

9934 Arup Scene - online tool for collaborative planning and infrastructure delivery UKMEA Research Wayne Dyer Timothy Durant UKMEA

9940 Underperforming wastewater lagoons in Australia Australasia Research Daniel Lambert Niruma Akhter Australasia

9945 Physical vs computational hydraulic models - PHASE 2 UKMEA Research Rachel Sandham David Neeve UKMEA

9958 CSIC - whole-life assessment of infrastructure and future-proofing infrastructure Global Research Duncan Nicholson Heleni Pantelidou UKMEA

9987 SPLASH I/O UKMEA Research Martin Shouler Kristian Steele UKMEA

10097 Real-time natural disaster, risk alert system - HazardOwl Phase II Global Research Tim Mote Roland Martin East Asia

10116 Green infrastructure - develop conceptual model to quantify its value Global Research Vincent Lee Louise Ellis Americas

10131 Flood Damages Calculation Tool - develop and test update Global Research Catherine Wenger Jo Nelson UKMEA

10167 Southern Gateway, Birmingham - enhancing project outputs Global Research Nigel Ridgway Faye Beaman UKMEA

10171 CASE 2014 Accurate and efficient application of CFD free-surface Hydraulic Modelling Global Research Mark Fletcher David Neeve UKMEA

10215 LEED Rainwater & Waste Water Calculation Tool Americas Research Cameron Thomson Alan Glynn Americas

10279 App development for geomorphological field surveys UKMEA Research Will McBain Sally German UKMEA

10318 IBuild and Blue Green cities project support and associated research activities. UKMEA Research Andy Mace David Hetherington UKMEA

10387 Urban water management in small island states - develop a sust. and resilient framework Global Research Justin Abbott Geoffrey Morgan UKMEA

10404 Rainwater Harvesting Analytics with GIS (RHAG) Americas Research Rowan Roderick-Jones Kate Tunstall Americas

10413 Interactive Watershed Planning - version 2 Americas Research Rowan Roderick-Jones Bond Harper Americas

10443 Sheffield interactive flood visualisation Global Research Justin Abbott Llew Hancock UKMEA

10461 Mapping our green infrastructure capacity in a digital environment Global Research Justin Abbott Michael O'Neill Australasia

10478 Strategic Flooding Method for Critical Railway/Water Environment Interface Zones Europe Research Declan Bowles Ailis Power Europe

10503 Investigation of hashtag (#flood) trending for insights Global Research Faye Beaman Alison Caldwell UKMEA

10504 Retrofitting Rivers Tool - Excel paired with GIS for SUDS locations Global Research Faye Beaman Alison Caldwell UKMEA

10528 Resilience-based flood design - develop a framework for implementation Global Research Ibbi Almufti Yana Waldman Americas

10599 Low Carbon Infrastructure UKMEA Research Tim Chapman Heleni Pantelidou UKMEA

10651 Energy and PH/ESE systems UKMEA Research Martin Shouler Fabio Coelho UKMEA

10657 Engaging Singapore Government in Smart Cities Initiatives Australasia Research Henry Jeens Alma Banuelos Granda East Asia

10679 Development of a tool to optimise the location of wastewater outfall Global Research Daniel Lambert Ed Beling Australasia

10681 Energy Optimisation in WWTP Australasia Skills Daniel Lambert Rhys Anderson Australasia

10694 ESE BIM tools development UKMEA Research Martin Shouler Kate Fletcher UKMEA

10701 Natural Flood Management - turning science into implementation Global Research Andy Mace David Hetherington UKMEA

9

Water Research Review 2014/2015

ID Project Title Fund Name PD PM Region

10724 SuDS DTX Project - Phase 2 Application UKMEA Research Catherine Wenger Richard Brown UKMEA

10776 Development of a mapping tool to determine priority locations for Natural Flood Management features Global Research Will McBain Alex Nicholson UKMEA

10782 Infrastructure BIM - Information Modelling Global Research Nigel Wooldridge Ioan Evans UKMEA

10878 GRC 2014-Call 2- cities and sea level rise: flood hazard assessment and adaptation toolkits Global Research David Wilkes Donald Daly UKMEA

10916 Climate Plus: beyond readiness in coastal cities Global Research Cole Roberts Rowan Roderick-Jones Americas

10924 Ecodistricts Founding Partner: Year 2 Americas Research Fiona Cousins Afaan Naqvi Americas

10946 Easy Sediment Transport Assessment Tool (E-STAT) Global Research Andy Mace David Hetherington UKMEA

10967 Management of critical interfaces between natural and modified sections of mountain rivers Global Research Jacek Zalewski Tomasz Glixelli Europe

11003 Intelligent asset management of green infrastructure - predictive analytics Global Research Vincent Lee Jenna Browning Americas

11046 Bay Meadows post construction stormwater quality testing Americas Research Grant McInnes Jacob Wood Americas

11078 Hydropower tunnels for hydroelectric schemes - strategy for design capability Global Research Jon Hurt Sean Lee Americas

11083 Anaerobic treatment of sewage - maximising energy recovery Global Research Vincent Glancy Darryl How UKMEA

11155 Water Neutral Development - develop a business model Global Research Andy Simmans Andy Simmans UKMEA

11261 Flood warning and forecasting - review better use weather data Global Research Kenneth Kwok Yuvi Luo East Asia

11270 Water Stewardship - review of corporate approaches Global Research Justin Abbott Kate Jackson UKMEA

11282 Arup EngD: The application of ICT tools for water and sanitation in informal settlements Global Research Ian Carradice Vera Bukachi UKMEA

11300 Urban flood modelling using Flood Modeller Pro - comparison to ISIS-Tuflow Global Research Catherine Wenger Lei Yang UKMEA

11302 Floating solar PV - develop design of foundation Global Research Joe Strydom Auret Basson UKMEA

11317 Resilience through Smart City Initiatives Global Research Garry Banks Alison Ball UKMEA

11337 Working with nature to mitigate extreme hydrological events - case study of Natural Flood Management Global Research Catherine Wenger Candice Constantine UKMEA

11339 Shale gas production - review of well integrity and deep contamination issues Global Research Duncan Nicholson Michael Chendorain UKMEA

11429 Assessment of the Integration of Ecosystem Services in the Urban Metabolism approach Europe Research Ramon Rodriguez Susana Saiz Europe

11431 Sediment systems downstream of reservoirs - develop monitoring methodology Global Research Will McBain Sally German UKMEA

11432 Field apps - development of post-processing tools Global Research Will McBain Sally German UKMEA

11461 Real-time monitoring of water quality in urban waterways (to inform of swimmability) Global Research Justin Abbott Michael O'Neill Australasia

11493 Urban ecosystem services - start a reference and resource guide Global Research Gordon Richardson Rory Canavan UKMEA

10573 Sewer heat recovery - research, develop and test methodology for resource mapping Global Research Justin Abbott Richard Mizzi UKMEA

10533 Natural Systems - business case analysis to improve drinking water quality Global Research Justin Abbott Ed Beling Australasia

10966 Dams and risk - capacity building Global Research Rachel Sandham Mike Dobson UKMEA

11612 Water Drivers of Change Cards Update Global Research Mark Fletcher Justin Abbott UKMEA

Appendix 1. Research projects continued

10

Appendix 2. Overview of selected research projects from 2014/15

Three projects have been selected for each of the topic areas. The description provides an overview of the objectives of the project and the findings.

Water Research Review 2014/2015

11

We investigated the use of social media for engineering reconnaissance through monitoring the real-time activity of specific hashtags. The study explored the use of the popular hashtags, such as #flood, #flooding and #storm, across different social media platforms (twitter, Facebook etc.) to give an insight into how these hashtags are generated, gain following and trend.

This study focused on the use of hashtags prior to, during and following a disaster, providing insight into how social media is used in disaster management. Additional analysis of users, context of hashtag, frequency of use, geographic projection and variations in social media platforms provides an increased awareness and understanding of hashtags, thereby potentially enabling us to harness the power of social media to benefit clients and projects.

We developed the “resilience-plus” concept adding externally facing knowledge to inform resilience planning for high value and low capacity shorelines. Building on past work, resilience-plus reaches beyond the traditional concept of resilience, i.e. “bouncing back”, rather focusing how communities can achieve aspirational goals and thrive through resilience planning. The project looks at coastal city co-beneficial infrastructure, developed in response to multi-hazards. This research aids curricula for teaching coastal “resilience-plus” approaches to cities and practitioners. The end results of the work also include the development of future IDF curves from global climate models for use in more accurately modelling future flood risk.

“Resilience Plus” research pinpoints Arup as a recognised expert in coastal climate readiness training and provides business opportunities via training to various cities.

Flood Damages Calculation Tool Investigation of hashtag (#flood) trending for insights Resilience Plus: beyond readiness in coastal cities

Project ID: 10916 | PD: Cole Roberts | PM: Rowan Roderick-JonesProject ID: 10503 | PD: Faye Beaman | PM: Alison CaldwellProject ID: 10131 | PD: Catherine Wenger | PM: Yvonne Murphy

We developed a GIS tool that uses the latest flood damages evaluation data to calculate whole life damages for properties in multiple flood event scenarios and epochs. The results can also be easily visualised spatially as the calculations are all integrated in GIS software. Whole life calculations are a vital step in the overall understanding of option damages and resilience to climate change. This data underpins the industry best practice method of calculating damage due to flooding, required by our key clients for Flood Risk Management schemes. Being able to extract this data efficiently is vital to completing our appraisals accurately in a timely manner and being able to map the results spatially adds to the team and client's understanding of the flood damages evident.

The updated toolbox meets a key business need by streamlining our analysis, improving the quality of our results and enabling innovative thinking to appraisal projects for key clients.

Flooding

12

We developed a framework methodology for quantifying the “Ecosystem Services” (ESS) provided by the built environment, which identifies their suitability and materiality for their inclusion within the built environment. The framework identifies the objective, spatiality of potential green infrastructure strategies, and the potential issues to be considered. The characterisation and quantification of the ecosystem services is identified by data sources to be used in the LCA and cost optimal analysis tools.

A detailed analysis of Ecosystem Services identifies the information required to evaluate and quantify their potential impacts, whilst exploring the gap between the anticipated benefits and real-life performance. This enables an insight into the design process to help identify optimal green infrastructure for the required service within the urban ecosystem.

We identified possible sites and a proposal for a paired catchment study to evaluate the effectiveness of Natural Flood Management (NFM) techniques in reducing flood peaks from forested areas during large runoff events. We visited the sites with Natural Resources Wales and collated information on opportunities for and barriers to NFM implementation associated with forestry practices and operations, access, recreational use and funding. We developed a list of possible options and a programme for implementation based on planning forestry activities.

The planned study will fill gaps in NFM literature and modelling capabilities, and will provide a strong case to support the adoption of holistic flood risk management.

Understanding effective NFM techniques strengthens Arup’s position as a lead in flood risk management, and brings together an array of case studies of sustainable practice that are of interest at an international level.

Retrofitting Rivers Tool – Excel paired with GIS and SuDS locations

Assessment of the Integration of Ecosystem Services in the Urban Metabolism approach

Working with nature to mitigate extreme hydrological events – case study of Natural Flood Management

We identified sustainable flood management strategies and soft engineering solutions, including SuDS for a high risk fluvial environment in the UK. Through the use of GIS, the potential of water management strategies was explored to eliminate, or at least minimise, the need for hard engineering controls at a central London site. Through the partnership of GIS, WaND (Water & Neutral Design Tool) and internal SuDS a competent assessment of existing and proposed conditions, identified the most applicable SuDSfor the development.

This assessment provided an insight into the potential of SuDS and water management strategies in sites subjected to significant constraints, including river and surface water flooding, limited space and high commercial value of land.

Project ID: 10504 | PD: Faye Beaman | PM: Alison Caldwell Project ID: 11429 | PD: Ramon Rodriguez | PM: Susana Saiz Project ID: 11337 | PD: Catherine Wenger | PM: Candice Constantine

Green Infrastructure

13

Intelligent Asset Management for Green Infrastructure Green infrastructure - develop conceptual model to quantify its value

As cities adopt green infrastructure practices, stormwaterbest-management practices (BMPs) are being more comprehensively implemented for at-source stormwatercontrol to treat the runoff, which results in cleaner urban waterways. Many cities are facing the critical question of how to effectively maintain these systems. The aim of this research was to discover ways to input performance data derived from green infrastructure monitoring into a model, such that real-time rainfall data can then be used to monitor and predict scenarios for maintenance, thus ensuring acceptable green infrastructure performance.

The research supports the potential for remote asset management of green infrastructure practices, on small or large scales, enabling these assets to be maintained before they start to decrease from targeted performance levels. This allows for steadier uninterrupted performance and cleaner urban waterways.

Project ID: 11003 | PD: Vincent Lee | PM: Jenna Browning Project ID: 10116 | PD: Vincent Lee| PM: Louise Ellis

Green Infrastructure

Green infrastructure is a network of decentralized stormwatermanagement practices, such as green roofs, trees, rain gardens and permable pavement, that can attenuate or infiltrate rain where it falls, thus reducing stormwater runoff and improving the health of the surrounding waterways. In order to ensure that the optimum performance of each green infrastructure asset is met, it is important that they are located to meet site-specific criteria, for example, soil type, ground water depth, existing topography, well head protection area, etc.

The first aim of this project is to create a tool that provides a menu of green infrastructure strategies for each land parcel based on the existing site criteria. Green infrastructure can generate important social, environmental and economic benefits to local watersheds and communities, in addition to improvements in stormwater quality and a reduction in stormwater quantity. These can include energy consumption, air quality, property prices and recreation. The project is also looking to design an Arup Green Infrastructure Triple Bottom Line Calculator that can be used to assess the TBL of green infrastructure projects at a project planning stage.

14

We conducted a feasibility review and developed a concept design of a floating PV system, specifically the floating foundation to house the PV array, that can be used on water storage reservoirs. Power generation is often associated with negative impacts on water due to cooling requirements and waste disposal facilities. The developed floating PV design is expected to reduce evaporation losses from the reservoirs by reducing the reservoir water temperature, the exposed surface area to direct sunlight, and the wave action.

The developed design aims to be patentable, locking in potential future work for Arup at an international scale, whilst also showcasing Arup’s multidisciplinary approach to real world problems.

This project researched energy optimisation techniques and technologies for wastewater treatment plants. Public water authorities are being placed under increasing pressure to reduce capital and operating expenditure. One major cost incurred is electricity consumption in wastewater treatment plants. Building on previous work with South East Water, this project identified pragmatic and innovative opportunities to improve energy efficiency in operating treatment plants without incurring significant capital costs.

Energy optimisation improves sustainability and increases monetary value in projects for clients.

Anaerobic treatment of sewage – maximising energy recovery

Floating solar PV – develop design of foundation Energy Optimisation in WWTP

We developed a strategy for optimising the energy generation from an existing system which anaerobically treats biosolids through characterisation of the feedstock and development of a dynamic model which can inform evaluation of the real-time monitoring and control of algorithms. The model was developed using GPS-X, a leading wastewater treatment simulation package. The study has shown that mantis2 mathematical model is useful for validating the steady-state operation of a healthy anaerobic digester. With further development, the model has a great potential as a tool for process optimisation together with key instruments identified within the study. Additionally, a business opportunity was presented in recovery of high-value products from digestatethrough bioconversion.

Research into the optimisation of energy recovery from anaerobic treatment systems places Arup as a market leader in both the industrial and municipal sectors.

Project ID: 10681 | PD: Daniel Lambert | PM: Rhys AndersonProject ID: 11302 | PD: Joe Strydom | PM: Auret BassonProject ID: 11083 | PD: Vincent Glancy | PM: Darryl How

Water and Energy

15

We have provided additional tools for the already developed Geographical Information field survey tool. The tool includes fluvial audit and MiMAS survey formats and associated bespoke post-processing tools for data collected in the field. This significantly reduces the time needed for data analysis, figure and graph production, and report writing. The new tools have already been adapted to the requirements of clients, including the strategic project for SEPA to undertake surveys of over 3,500km of rivers in Scotland, showing a daily 2 hour reduction in survey time compared to using paper maps and eliminating the need for post-survey digitising.

By extending the field app survey tool the efficiency of geomorphological data collection, post-processing and analysis has been improved. The tools are adaptable to be used by other Arup teams, globally, that are collecting and/or analysing any similar data.

We assessed practical solutions for repair and management of critical areas on the interface between natural and modified mountain river corridors. The regulation of mountain rivers usually involves heavy modifications to the river bed and cross-sections to try to reduce the extensive damage caused to the river corridor by water energy. These interface areas are prone to cause flood problems. Solutions must be hydraulically assessed to stabilise river corridors and achieve a smooth transition.

This builds on our capability to be associated with the management of mountain rivers to ensure sustainable responses.

Sediment systems downstream of reservoirs – develop monitoring methodology

Field apps – development of post-processing tools Management of critical interfaces between natural and modified sections of mountain rivers

We have developed a monitoring methodology for river sediments which can be adapted to the specific requirements of river restoration sites, to obtain a robust understanding of baseline conditions and be able to evaluate post-construction impacts with confidence. The developed approach was tested using a reach downstream of Swinsty Reservoir, where an Arup designed River Restoration scheme is planned to be built in the summer of 2015.

This methodology will improve our confidence in our river restoration designs to ensure they achieve the expected and desired outcomes required by our clients and EU legislation (WFD). The approach can be developed into a transferable tool for a number of practitioners within Arup, to demonstrate our understanding and findings in order to make stronger proposals to existing and future clients.

Project ID: 11431 | PD: Will McBain | PM: Sally German Project ID: 11432 | PD: Will McBain | PM: Sally German Project ID: 10967 | PD: Jacek Zalewski | PM: Tomasz Glixelli

Catchment Management

16

We collaborated with the Technology & Research Team in Singapore to engage the Government in smart city initiatives and showcase our capabilities to clients in the private sector, in particular developers and architects.

Knowledge gained locally; internally between the Singapore Technology & Research team and with the wider Smart Cities community, and externally with the Singapore Government, has furthered our Smart City initiatives.

We are evaluating, using a systems engineering-based framework, the viability of scale and replication of decision-making ICT based tools for use by local authorities in the provision of Water and Sanitation services in informal settlements. The WATSAN Portal, an ICT based support tool currently used in Kibera, Nairobi, is being used as a comparative case study. The work is analysing the needs and priorities of stakeholders for sustainable and safe access to improved water and sanitation services in informal settlements by identifying the requirements for technology based tools to be met to ensure the tools are sustained, and evaluating the impact on the WATSAN Portal to determine the support needed, specific to informal settlements.

ICT tools for decision-making by local authorities exist, but the ability to scale and replicate this in the water and sanitation sector for urban consumers in low income countries is missing. This research addresses this knowledge gap.

Arup Scene – online tool for collaborative planning and infrastructure delivery

Engaging Singapore Government in Smart Cities Initiatives

Arup EngD: The application of ICT tools for water and sanitation in informal settlements

We piloted an internet-based Infrastructure Delivery Planning GIS tool with existing Local Authority clients. The low-cost ‘open source’ GIS tool combines mapping, spreadsheet, and gantt chart (programme) functions to provide a strategic infrastructure planning tool with multiple benefits, including strategic overviews of development and infrastructure projects for an area, information on funding, phasing, and progress towards delivery. This tool enables access and the sharing of information between partner organisations and across infrastructure sectors.

This project has provided an insight into the opportunities and challenges of encouraging closer cooperation between infrastructure providers and the management of ‘big’ data. The GIS tool sets Arup apart in the field of Strategic Infrastructure Delivery Planning in the UK, forming a vital part of our ‘Smart Cities’ offer.

Project ID: 9934 | PD: Wayne Dyer | PM: Timothy Durant Project ID: 10657 | PD: Henry Jeens | PM: Alma Banuelos Granda Project ID: 11282 | PD: Ian Carradice | PM: Vera Bukachi

Photo credits: Pascal Kipkemboi, KDI

Smart Water

17

We developed the existing HazardOwl tool into a resilient platform which can be used to monitor risk from all natural disasters. HazardOwl is a Real-Time Natural Catastrophe Risk Alert System, which concentrates on building a resilient back-end and integrating the earthquake monitoring system. This project has enabled the addition of other hazard types, such as wind, severe weather, and tidal risk.

The assessment of the potential impact to infrastructure in near real-time is a service that Arup can provide to understand our design performance and proactively advise our clients on the impacts of natural hazards. There is potential for HazardOwl to be sold as a commercial project.

We explored the potential for smart city initiatives to be used to contribute to increased city resilience. We have collaborated with the International Development Team to develop a City Resilience Index that is usable, credible and globally applicable. The index comprises a common set of indicators (what you need to observe) and variables (what you measure), but the metrics within the index vary from city to city (how you measure). We worked with Arup individuals from different cities in varying geographies to identify, develop and review the city indicators.

A City Resilience Matrix provides data opportunities for measuring and addressing resilience in various global cities.

Urban water management in small island states –develop a sustainable and resilient framework

Real-time natural disaster, risk alert system –HazardOwl Phase II

Resilience through Smart City Initiatives

We developed a replicable and scalable framework to integrated water resource management for small island states, based on previous and existing work undertaken in the Maldives. The framework aids decision making for water throughout the project lifecycle, ensuring a consistent safe and equitable access to freshwater for island communities, in particular under changing climatic conditions. Previous water supply projects for four Maldiveislands (undertaken with the United Nations Office on Project Services, UNOPS) scoped out design, review and quality assurance, alongside other core components, but failed to appreciate the complexity and unique nature of island communities to develop a sustainable resilient solution.

This conceptual framework forms the basis of a replicable service for the firm to use in similar contexts, showcasing our expertise and credibility in water resource management.

Project ID: 10387 | PD: Justin Abbott | PM: Geoffrey Morgan Project ID: 10097 | PD: Tim Mote | PM: Roland Martin Project ID: 11317 | PD: Garry Banks | PM: Alison Ball

Resilience

18

A global urban swimmability movement is emerging. In order to engage with this movement, we need data to design urban swimming areas in rivers and creeks, which are safe, accessible and clean. This requires changes in wastewater management and effective communication methods to show residents that swimming in their city’s waterways is possible.

This project researched and determined the feasibility of deploying real-time water quality monitoring systems in urban waterways, establishing Arup as a global leader in urban swimmability projects.

The Reference and Resource guide presents an authoritative and succinct evidence base of the benefits of urban ecosystem services, by identifying existing and innovative enhancement and management strategies for urban ecosystem services. The guide details the context and necessity (evidence for our reliance on urban ecosystem services within cities), and solutions for integrating and enhancing ecosystem services into the urban landscape.

This concise Reference and Resource guide places Arup at the forefront of urban design. The guide may be used within or outside Arup to inform, enlighten and inspire key stakeholders, for example; planners, architects, designers and local government.

Sheffield interactive flood visualisation –Stage 2

Real-time monitoring of water quality in urban waterways (to inform of swimmability)

Urban ecosystem services – start a reference and resource guide – Stage 1

We have improved an existing three-dimensional visual model of Sheffield City Centre, which demonstrates building and environmental effects within a 3D environment. In phase I of this project a desktop application was constructed in a games platform to allow any user to navigate a city model of Sheffield, and view 3D time varying hydraulic model results. Phase II improved the visual look and resolution of the model, in order to showcase Arup’s ability in flood modelling.

This project has shown Arup’s ability to demonstrate complex time-varying propagation through a city, within an interactive environment.

Project ID: 11331 | PD: Justin Abbott | PM: Llew Hancock Project ID: 11461 | PD: Justin Abbott | PM: Michael O’Neill Project ID: 11493 | PD: Gordon Richardson | PM: Rory Canavan

Urban Water

19

Topup is a GIS based rainwater cistern sizing optimization tool which uses climate data (rainfall depth and evapotranspiration) and project data, (roof size, non-potable demand) and other factors, to develop site specific rainwater cistern optimization curves. This powerful little tool triangulates on NOAA rain gauges to provide an estimated historic daily rainfall record at the building location, which feeds into a daily analysis of cistern fill and drawdown. As Cistern sizing is often the highest single cost item for rainwater harvesting systems, getting this analytic step correct is important to creating effective and efficient systems.

Topup is robust, satisfying technical requirements of design engineers whilst being easy to use for non-engineers. Ultimately Topup will become an internet based tool which can be applied globally to improve drought resilience in water challenged regions.

Arup is a founding member of Ecodistricts, a national 501(c)3 organisation that aims to help cities achieve sustainability goals by providing access to “people, tools, services, and training”. In the prior FY, Arup committed to a 2-year founding membership to support the relationship. The project developed an integrated decision support tool to facilitate decision-making on the retrofitting and renewal of existing districts and its composing buildings. The second year of the project saw the development of the Ecodistrict framework.

This project enables us to tackle the subject of contextualizing a sustainability standard to the local needs and environment of a project in a sophisticated and strategic way. It has also helped develop a strong relationship with Ecodistricts which is a recognized name associated with what is a fast growing national sustainability standard.

iBuild and Blue Green cities project support and associated research activities

Topup Ecodistricts Founding Partner: Year 2

We have continued to support large EPSRC-funded (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) projects and associated research activities. Through our support we provide industrial guidance in steering groups meetings, and attend regular developmental workshops with a range of other project contributors.

The projects include the iBuild project, the BlueGreencities project. We have generated and steered projects, supported students and researchers, and offered lectures. A key outcome of the Blue Green cities project has been a blue green vision for the city of Newcastle, which will now guide implementation of Blue Green Infrastructure.

Project ID: 10318 | PD: Andy Mace | PM: David Hetherington Project ID: 10404 | PD: Rowan Roderick-Jones | PM: Kate Tunstall Project ID: 10924 | PD: Fiona Cousins | PM: Afaan Naqvi

Water Resources

20

This funding has successfully developed a new tool that helps efficiently and robustly identify prime locations for any type of wastewater discharge. The tool takes into account user defined criteria and outfall performance indicators, such as advection dispersion processes, construction cost and pollutant accumulation near environmentally sensitive areas. Key inputs come from hydrodynamic modelling, as well as analysis of other opportunities and constraints that need to be taken into consideration for decision-making and evaluation.

The tool provides confidence in solutions to stakeholders, such as water utilities and industries, whilst also helping to differentiate Arup’s service offering. Already, through our initial application of the tool to Moreton Bay, we are now discussing further work with a major local utility, Unitywater, to further develop the tool and its application to the bay.

We have developed a water stress/risk footprinting tool. The activity of water footprinting and measuring water stress (of a region, at organisational level, or of a discrete asset or supply chain – e.g. fruit for a supermarket) is a service that our clients would value. We have recently moved our capability forward with the development of a pilot consumptive/non-consumptive water stress footprint tool. The new methodology developed will be aligned with our BEACON tool, enabling water stress impacts to be assessed whilst conducting carbon footprinting, and providing an efficient and effective tool to assess water and carbon impacts together.

This tool provides a new service offering, new research and knowledge opportunity, and the potential new development of relationships for the firm.

Underperforming wastewater lagoons in Australia Development of a tool to optimise the location of wastewater outfall

SPLASH I/O

We first developed a register of all wastewater lagoons in Australia, in order to identify the lagoons that are underperforming, with the long-term view to develop a client list that Arup could approach to offer assistance.

This register provides opportunities and analysis of existing lagoon performance.

Project ID: 9940 | PD: Daniel Lambert | PM: Niruma Akhter Project ID: 10679 | PD: Daniel Lambert | PM: Ed Beling Project ID: 9987 | PD: Martin Shouler | PM: Kristian Steele

Wastewater Water Risk

21

We created an excel-based tool for concept-stage building design that answers several critical questions regarding LEED Water Efficiency credit points, and the size of the infrastructure required to achieve them. The calculation tool can quantify the amount of harvested rainwater that can be used to offset a buildings potable water demands for flushing toilets. The tool can ‘communicate’ with the LEED Water Efficiency calculator sheet, to determine baseline and proposed water usage allowing achievable LEED credit points to be estimated. Users can create sizing charts, by tabulating and plotting the results from changing parameters. Future versions of the tool might incorporate a greywaterharvesting system analysis.

The tool has already been successfully used in multiple projects to help demonstrate annual water reductions.

We produced an internal Arup document to evaluate the performance and appropriateness of publically available data sources, tools, and methodologies, which are used to assess corporate water risk and shape corporate approaches to water stewardship.

The project enables Arup staff to provide cutting edge advice and intelligence on the management of water risks to clients in the corporate sector, thereby enhancing Arup’s competitive positioning in the area of water stewardship.

Water Neutral Development – develop a business model LEED Rainwater & Waste Water Calculation Tool Water Stewardship – review of corporate approaches

We developed an economic model for future human settlements, based on extensive research on sustainable urban and rural development. The model covers issues of water scarcity, economic integration of ecosystems, catchment management (grazing practices) and eco-city initiatives (integrated development management).

This research and model development will result in the delivery of a proposal to the Department For International Development (DFID) for funding towards a pilot Water Neutral Development project, in Tanzania. Arup will be an integral player in the planning, design, and implementation of the Water Neutral Development.

Project ID: 11155 | PD: Andy Simmans | PM: Andy Simmans Project ID: 10215 | PD: Cameron Thomson | PM: Alan Glynn Project ID: 11270 | PD: Justin Abbott | PM: Kate Jackson

Water Reuse Water Stewardship

22

Justin AbbottWater Skill LeaderJustin.Abbott@arup.com

Marta Fernandez Global Research LeaderMarta.Fernandez@arup.com

David Hetherington Water Research Leader David.Hetherington@arup.com

Jenna BeckettGraduate ConsultantJenna.Beckett@arup.com

Water Research Review 2014/2015