““WATER RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE REGION MANAGEMENT IN THE REGION

OF ORESTIADA”OF ORESTIADA”

Orestiada, May 2008

CLAY - PROJECTCLAY - PROJECT

Arvaniti EleniKakos SteliosPapantoniou ManolisParaskevopoulou Magda

The aim of the project

• The water balance of the region• The surface and underground water• Hydrochemistry of the water • The water use

Proposals for a more effective water resources management in Orestiada.

The aim of the project is to register the way water resources are managed in the region of Northern Evros. Particularly:

Geographical position of the region

Present situation Unreasonable waste of water resources for urban and agricultural use

Precipitations are decreasing The springs of the two (2) most important rivers of the region (Evros and Ardas) are in Bulgaria that controls the flow of the water

Results The quantity is gradually decreasing Irrigation needs cannot be covered

The quality of surface water is continually going down because of pollutants which are dumped by Bulgaria

Dangers for public health

Distribution of crops

The region of Orestiada is mainly agricultural

Cultivation *1.000 m2Corn 124.842Sugar-beet 52.154Cotton-plant 36.237Wheat 48.812Heliotrop 2.372Clover 4.572Other crops 11.545Waste land 13.042Uncultivated 2.858Total for irrigation 293.576Total 296.434

42%

1%4%

18%

12%

16%

1%2%

4% Corn

Sugar - beet

Cotton - plant

Wheat

Heliotrop

Clover

Other

Waste land

Uncultivated

Works of water resources management

φρ.Άρδα

Α Καρακόπετρας Β Καρακόπετρας

Λιμνοδεξαμενή

Καστανιές

Κόμαρα Κυπρίνος

Νεοχώρι

Ορμένιο

Πύθιο

Πτελέα

Information for the hydrology of the region

Surface: 1.283 km2

Rain-measuring stations

Dikaia

Kyprinos

Orestiada

Metaxades

Didimoteicho

Annual distribution of precipitation (1966 – 2001)Orestiada

0200400600800

1.000

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Έτη

Ύψ

ος

(mm

)

• min: 320 mm (1986)• max: 949 mm (1998)• Average: 538 mm/year

Metaxades

0200400600800

1.0001.200

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

Έτη

Ύψ

ος

(mm

)

• min: 261 mm (2001) • max: 1.022 mm (1966)• Average: 631 mm/year

Distribution of mean precipitation/year (mm)

Using the software

WinSurf, it is calculated

that the volume of mean

precipitation/year for

the period 1966 –2001 is

720.850.000 m3

Δίκαια

Κυπρίνος

Ορεστιάδα

Διδυμότειχο

Μεταξάδες

The driest month is August with 30.166.000 m3

Δίκαια

Κυπρίνος

Ορεστιάδα

Διδυμότειχο

Μεταξάδες

The rainiest month is November with 92.200.000 m3

Δίκαια

Κυπρίνος

Ορεστιάδα

Διδθμότειχο

Μεταξάδες

Mean precipitation – Evapotranspiration - Surplus

P (mm) ETr (mm) Surplus (mm) %P (ETr) %P (Surplus)min 327,74 291,74 3,05 51,71 0,93max 884,00 616,54 403,51 99,31 47,43M.O. 561,84 413,85 153,60 75,67 24,33

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

P (mm) ETr (mm) Πλεόν. (mm)

(mm

)

Variation of monthly precipitation and surplus

0

20

40

60

80

ΙΑΝ

.

ΦΕ

Β.

ΜΑ

Ρ.

ΑΠ

Ρ.

ΜΑ

I.

ΙΟΥ

Ν.

ΙΟΥ

Λ.

ΑΥ

Γ.

ΣΕΠ

.

ΟΚ

Τ.

ΝΟ

Ε.

ΔΕ

Κ.

months

(mm

) P (mm)

Surplus

From October to May precipitation (P) is higher than evapotranspiration (ETr) and consequently there is surplus.

From June to September there is no surplus because P < ETr.

Surface water resources in the region of Orestiada

The flow of river Evros was gauged only for the period 1970 – 1974. From then the flow was gauged once from 2/2/2002 to 5/2/2002.

Flow variation 1970 - 1974

0200400600800

1.000

Μαϊ-70

Νοε-

70

Μαϊ-71

Νοε-

71

Μαϊ-72

Νοε-

72

Μαϊ-73

Νοε-

73

Date

Q (m3 /s

ec)

The flow of river Erithropotamos (Red River) was gauged from 25/1/1974 to 21/2/1983. From then the flow hasn’t been gauged yet.

Flow variation 1974 - 1983

020406080

100120140

Ιαν-

74

Ιαν-

75

Ιαν-

76

Ιαν-

77

Ιαν-

78

Ιαν-

79

Ιαν-

80

Ιαν-

81

Ιαν-

82

Ιαν-

83

Date

Q (m

3 /sec

)

The flow of river Ardas hasn’t been gauged yet, although it is of great importance for the whole region.

The constant level of underground water resources is due to

their communication with the rivers Evros and Ardas. At the

fields in the North and South of the river Ardas, however, it

has been observed a fall of the level because of over-pumping

for irrigation.

Underground water resources in the region of Orestiada

Water quality in the region of Orestiada

Max limits Northern Ardas Southern Ardas r.Ardas r.EvrospH - 8 8 8,52 9,44

Conductivity - 555 613 260 489Hardness - 235 228 112 140Cl (mg/lt) 200 50 74 14 33

SO4 (mg/lt) 250 62 60 57 80NO3 (mg/lt) 50 15 17 3 2,4K (mg/lt) 12 3 4 3,5 6Na (mg/lt) 150 38 57 14 40Mg (mg/lt) 50 16 20 7,7 17,7Ca (mg/lt) - 67 58 32 27

Conclusions

The examined parameters don’t surpass the permissible limits.

Surface and underground water resources in the region

are suitable for irrigation because SAR < 6 in all the

examined samples.

In general, underground water resources quality in the region is very good.

Water use in the region of Orestiada

Water resources cover the needs for irrigation and for

potable water.

The r.Ardas is the only one of the three rivers that covers

the needs for irrigation. The Bulgarian Government, however,

allows only 186*10^6 m3 to be used for these needs.

As a consequence there are many drills in the fields in

order to satisfy the needs for water during the summer. The

fields in the North and South of r.Ardas are irrigated by an

extended irrigational net.

53%47%

Distribution of irrigational water

From 29.650 ha cultivated in the region, 15.714,5 ha (53%) are irrigated with surface water resources and the rest 13.935,5 ha (47%) with drills.

Potable water in the region of Orestiada The needs for potable water are satisfied with drills and in a small percentage with springs in the north region of the r.Ardas.

There are 6 Municipalities in the region and the total water consumption for 2001 was 3.242.000 m3. Municipality of Orestiada has the highest consumption and Municipality of Didimoticho follows.

40%

21%

14%

6%

7%

12% Orestiada

Didimoteicho

Vissa

Kyprinos

Metaxades

Trigono

0

500.000

1.000.000

1.500.000

2.000.000

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

Years

Wat

er C

onsu

mption

Water consumption (m3) in the Municipality of Orestiada

• min: 1.176.000 m3 (2000)

• max: 1.882.000 m3 (1995)

• Average consumption: 1.504.000 m3/year

Water Consumption (m3) in the Municipality of Didimoticho

0

200.000

400.000

600.000

800.000

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

Years

Wat

er C

onsu

mption

• min: 367.000 m3 (1995)

• max: 686.000 m3 (2001)

• Average Consumption: 535.000 m3/year

96,30%

0,29%

0,04%

3,37%

Oικίες

Βιομηχανία

Στρατός

Σχολεία

Municipality of Orestiada:

96,30 % for households

3,37 % for army

0,29 % for industry

0,04 % for schools

Municipality of Didimoticho:

72,11 % for households

15,29 % for army

9,83 % for industry

2,19 % for schools72,11%

2,15%

9,83%

15,92%Households

Industry

Arny

Schools

Summary

Volume of Mean Annual Precipitation

720,84*10^6 m3

Evapotranspiration (75,7%)

545,68*10^6 m3

Surplus (24,3%)

175,16*10^6 m3

Mean Annual Surplus

175,16*10^6 m3

Run-off Infiltration to the underground water resources

Proposals

Continuous and systematic registration of precipitation in

all the stations and flow variation in the rivers.

Construction of small dams in order to hold the surplus

during the winter. Dams have to be constructed in the

western region where surplus is higher.

Disaster of inactive drills and very strict appliance of the

laws for every new drill.

Continuous registration of surface and underground water

quality.

Motivate new methods of irrigation which demand less

amount of water, e.g. irrigation with drips.

Inform citizens for the value of water and increase the value

of the m3 (cubic meter).