Water Scenario in Punjab

8/8/2019 Water Scenario in Punjab

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Water scenario inWater scenario inPunjabPunjab

ByBy

Dr.Dr. ManojManoj SharmaSharmaDeputy Director ( Training)Deputy Director ( Training)

KVK,KVK, KapurthalaKapurthala [email protected]@gmail.com

098727098727--4589045890

0182201822--233056233056


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Landscape setting & natural resourcesLandscape setting & natural resources

Beas

Sutlej

Ghaghar

Punjab

Haryana

Ravi

Himalayas


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Introduction ofIntroduction of

Canal IrrigationCanal Irrigation

System in PunjabSystem in Punjab


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S. No Headworks Year Canal

1. Madopur 1859 UBD

2. Ropar 1873 BD & Sirhind

3. Haussainiwala 1927 Eastern & Bikaner

4. Nangal 1954 Bakhra Main & Hydal5. Harike 1952 Rajasthan & Sirhind

6. Talwara 1962 Shah

11

2

3

4

5

6


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AREA, PRODUCT ON AND Y E D OF R CE N

PUNJAB, ND A

1183

17142024 2161

2604 2612 2487 2530 2614 2647 2642 2620 26102750

10193 1014010489

11200

390 567

10437

9600

888088169157

8716

7703

6535

5585

3233

1447

688292

2552

1764

1000

4072401938683858394336723510354535063347

356532293258

2732

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1965

-66

1970

-71

1975

-76

1980

-81

1985

-86

1990

-91

1995

-96

1999

-2000

2000

-01

2001

-02

2002

-03

2003

-04

2004

-05

2005

-06

2006

-07

2007

-08

2008

-09

YEAR

Area (000 ha)Production (000 tons)

Productivity (Kg/ha)


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14.6

7.92

18.06

29.41

27.12 27.03

17.918.69

25.74

39.43

19.84

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Assam Bi

harGu

jara

Hary

an

Karn

atak

TamilNa UP

Uttra

khan

WestB

engPu

njab India

Yield

(qtl/

RICE PRODUCTIVITY-INDIAVS. IMPORTANTSTATES

3.9 times jump inproductivity About 8 times increase in area

More than 30 times increase inproduction

IN PUNJAB


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IMPACT OF PAU RELEASED RICE VARIETIES IN PUNJAB


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WATER USE BY RICEWATER USE BY RICE1 ACRE=4000 sq. m1 ACRE=4000 sq. m

1 irrigation= 10 cm= 0.10m1 irrigation= 10 cm= 0.10m

25 irrigation= 250 cm=2.50m25 irrigation= 250 cm=2.50m

Total water used=4000 x 2.50=10,000 mTotal water used=4000 x 2.50=10,000 m33

1 m1 m33 = 1000= 1000 ltrltr

10,00010,000 mm33 = 10,000,000= 10,000,000 ltrltr

3000 kg paddy = 10,000,0003000 kg paddy = 10,000,000 ltrltr

1 kg paddy =33331 kg paddy =3333 ltrltr


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IRRIGATED ECOSYSTEM

The promising

rice genotypes

are tested at

four locations

Gurdaspur

Kapurthala

Ludhiana

Patiala

INDIAPUNJAB


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VARIETY TESTING AND RELEASE PROCEDURE

OYT

State trials (RYT-1)

RYT-2nd year

RYT-3rd year

RYT-4th year + adaptive

trials at farmers field (100)

REC (University)

Release by SVRC

Notification (Min. of Agriculture, GOI)

AICRIP trials IVT

AVT-1

AVT-2

Identification of variety on the

basis of ecosystem/ regions

Release by CVRC


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Food Insecurity of IndiaPopulation

At Present = 110 crore

By 2023 = 130 crore


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Will India be Able

to Feed its Growing

Population ?


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India

IrrigatedArea = 39.5 %

RainfedA

rea = 60

.5

%


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Agricultural Growth Rate

During the Last Decade

Rain fed = - 10 %

Punjab = Declinedfrom

3.2 to1.86 %


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IrrigatedAreaPunjab =97 %

Haryana = 83 %

UP = 68 %

Others = < 51 %


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Contribution of Punjab to

Central Pool of Food Grains

During the 4 Last Decades

60 % Wheat, 40 % Rice


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Will Punjab be Able to

Produce the Same Amount

of Wheat & Rice in Future?????


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Landscape Topography&

Ground Water Quality

Of Punjab


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Rise of Ground Water TableRise of Ground Water Table

in Punjab and itsin Punjab and its

ConsequencesConsequences


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Percent area under different waterPercent area under different water

table depths in Punjabtable depths in Punjab

(October 1964)(October 1964)

41.6> 20

11.510 20

24.05 10

22.60 50.3< 0

Percent AreaWater Table Depth ( ft )


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Era of Green RevolutionEra of Green Revolution

startedwithstartedwith WheatWheat andand

followed byfollowed by RiceRice


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Number of tube wells (000) inNumber of tube wells (000) in

PunjabPunjab

11688802882004-05

6002803201980-81

9846521960-61

Tube wellsElectricityDieselYear


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Shift in Cropping PatternShift in Cropping Pattern

Wheat (ET40) : 37 78 %

Gram (ET30) : 22 0.4 %

Rice (ET65) : 6 60 %

Pulses (ET40) : 24 1.3 %


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Status of water resources(million ha m / year)

Canal Water = 1.45

Rainfall and seepage = 1.68Total availability = 3.13

Water demand = 4.33

Deficit = 1.2


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Fall ofWater Table

in Punjab


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Measured & predictedwater table fall &Measured & predictedwater table fall &

depth in Moga districtdepth in Moga district

202320042004-05

136424.9Bagha Purana

193716.4Nihal Singh

Wala

244898.2Moga-I

208956.6Moga-II

Water table depth, ftMax. Water

table fall, ft/yrBlock


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Measured & predictedwater table fallMeasured & predictedwater table fall

anddepth in Sangrurdistrictanddepth in Sangrurdistrict

202320052004-05

155744.5Dhuri

157873.9Barnala

201916.1Sherpur

247908.7Ahmedgarh

Water table depth, ftWater table

fall, ft/yrBlock


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Reasons for the Fall of Water Table1.Farmers have plowed most of the water

courses in the central Punjab

2. 85% area during kharifseason under rice

3. Early transplantation ofrice


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Water Courses InWater Courses In

Central PunjabCentral Punjab

Farmers in the Central PunjabFarmers in the Central Punjab have plowed mosthave plowed most

ofthe water coursesofthe water courses due to abundant supply ofdue to abundant supply of

good quality groundwater at shallowdepthgood quality groundwater at shallowdepth &&

Tube well Irrigation / Subsidised / Free PowerTube well Irrigation / Subsidised / Free Power


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With the result

groundwater recharge

has decreased

in the central Punjab


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Large AreaUnder Rice

During

KharifSeason


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Why Farmers ResortedWhy Farmers Resorted

toto Early RiceEarly Rice TransplantationTransplantation

in thein the Past?Past?


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Paddy (PRPaddy (PR--118) yield118) yield

with spraywith spray

Mean20052004

9.958.8711.0225th June

NSNSNSLSD (0.05)

10.86

9.97

9.798.9010th June

9.579.2125th May

Yield (t/ha)Date of

transplanting


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No Reduction in Rice YieldNo Reduction in Rice Yieldwill occur even if wewill occur even if we

start Transplantingstart Transplanting

of Rice fromof Rice from 3030thth

JuneJune


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Impact of Falling Water TableImpact of Falling Water Table

Increase in power requirement forIncrease in power requirement for

tube wellstube wells

Deterioration ofgroundwater qualityDeterioration ofgroundwater quality

Increase in cost of infrastructureIncrease in cost of infrastructuredevelopment for tube wellsdevelopment for tube wells


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History Of Dug WellHistory Of Dug Well

& Tube Well Irrigation& Tube Well Irrigation

Dug WellDug Well

1.Charas1.Charas

2.Persian Wheel2.Persian Wheel

Tube Well IrrigationTube Well Irrigation

1.Centrifugal Pump1.Centrifugal Pump

2.Submersible Pump2.Submersible Pump


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InfrastructureInfrastructure

Cost for Tube wellsCost for Tube wells

Centrifugal pump systemCentrifugal pump system

Diesel engine and generatorDiesel engine and generator

Regulardiesel costRegulardiesel cost

Submersible pumpSubmersible pump


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Deepening ofDeepening of

Tube well PitTube well Pit


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Purchase & Repurchase ofPurchase & Repurchase of

Electric motor, pump,Electric motor, pump,

starter, cable, capacitor,starter, cable, capacitor,switch, voltage stabilizer etc.switch, voltage stabilizer etc.


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Widening ofWidening of

Tube Well PitTube Well Pit


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Installation of

Submersible Pump


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Cost ofCost of

Generator SetsGenerator Sets


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Hand PumpHand Pump


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Indebtedness of Punjab FarmersIndebtedness of Punjab Farmers

Total indebtedness ofPunjabTotal indebtedness ofPunjab

farmers = Rs 24,000 Crorefarmers = Rs 24,000 Crore

One of the major reason for thisOne of the major reason for this

indebtedness isindebtedness is cost of infrastructurecost of infrastructure

development for tube wellsdevelopment for tube wellsdudue tofall ofwater tablee tofall ofwater table


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Is the Statement

True or False ?


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Are not we heading

towards Disaster ?


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Future of

Punjab Agriculture????????????


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Food Security of India

??????????


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Solutions to escape

from the present

crisis


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1. Arrest Falling Water Table

2. Save Energy For Pumping


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Percent Water DemandRice = 37.0

Wheat = 32.0

Fodder, Vegetables and Forests = 13.3

Other crops = 14.3

Municipal and Industrial use = 3.4


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Falling Water Table can be Arrested

1.Delay Transplanting ofRice

2.Revive the Old Water Courses

3.Increase Canal Water Supply

4.Crop Diversification


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Mass Campaign to Farmers

through Wall Posters


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Arrest in average water table fall

in central districts of Punjab:

Water table fall ( WTF )during

2003 - 05 = 164 cm

2005

-07 =

128 cm

Arrest in WTF = 36 cm


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Arrest in Average Water Table Fall

in Critical Moga District :

Water Table Fall ( WTF ) during

2003 05= 292 cm

2005 07 = 160 cm

Arrest in WTF = 132 cm


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Future Projections ofWater Table Fall

if above

Hypothesis is accepted


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Will it bePossible ?

The Answer is

Yes


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PAU 201

Sowing 27th June

Yield = 36 q / acre

Pusa 44

Sowing 12th June

Yield = 35 q / acre


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To Save Energy for

Pumping Adopt

Water saving

Technologies


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Water saving Technologies

1. Irrigation Scheduling

2. LaserLand Leveller

3. irrigation Methods

4. Mulching


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cont...cont...

2. Gradually shift in transplanting2. Gradually shift in transplanting

ofrice to 30ofrice to 30thth June. It willJune. It will

help alleviate economic stresshelp alleviate economic stress

offarmers & PSEB.offarmers & PSEB.


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3.To Save Energy for Pumping

Adopt Water Saving Technologies

-Irrigation to Rice with Tensiometer

-Laser Land Levelling

-Furrow Irrigation

-Mulching


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Documents

Water Scenario in Punjab