Water Supply Network in Urban Area

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Water Supply Network Sy

Theory

M. Tech2nd Sem

Faculty ADr. K. A

Prepared

ANKIT

Urban Infrastructure Planning and Management

(CE-634)

P.G. URBAN PLANNINGCivil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Urban Planning)

Graduate Report: 2013


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Contents:

INTRODUCTION

SOURCES OF WATER

SURFACE SOURCE

GROUND WATER SOURCE

WATER DEMAND AND QUANTITY OF URBAN WATER SUPPLY

QUALITY OF WATER

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

NORMS OF WATER SUPPLY

PRESENT SCENARIO OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK OF SURAT CIT

REFERENCES


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Introduction:

Water supply system in urban area should be developeway to meet the demand and at the same time, qushould also be maintained with in standard prescribed

Thus the quality of water and the distributions are tissues for urban water supply system.

Provision of an adequate quantity of water has beenconcern since the beginning of civilization. Even in alocal supplies were often inadequate and aqueductsconvey water from distant sources.

The primary objective of water supply system is to takthe best available source and to subject it to processensure water of good quality, free from unpleasant taand containing nothing which might be determined toto distribute it top meet the requirement of the town or


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Any public water supply scheme should meet the followinrequirements:

Ensured quality of water supply for its intended use like industrial use.

Ensured sufficient quantity of supply.

Ensured convenient and easy accessibility of water supdistribution.

Ensured economic and financial viability of water suppsuch that the capital and recurring cost falls within the limits of the consumers of the system.


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SOURCES OF WATER:

Surface Source:

Surface water is water in a river, lake or freshwater wetland. Surface water is naturally

replenished by precipitation and naturally lostthrough discharge to the oceans,evaporation and sub-surface seepage.

Ground Water Source:

Sub-Surface water, or groundwater, is fresh

water located in the pore space of soil androcks. It is also water that is flowing withinaquifers below the water table. Sometimes itis useful to make a distinction between sub-surface water that is closely associated withsurface water and deep sub-surface water inan aquifer.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Groundwater_flow_times_usgs_cir1139.png


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Surface Sources:

Storage Reservoir

Investigation for Reservoir Planning

Engineering Surveys

Geological Investigations

Hydrological Investigation

Calculation of reservoir capacity for a specified y

the inflow.

INTAKES: Intakes are classified under three heads as under:


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INTAKES:

River Intakes


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INTAKES:

Reservoir Intakes for earth dams


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Ground Water Source:

Wells:

Types of Aquifers:

1. Unconfined Aquifer

2. Confined Aquifer (Artesian Aquifer)


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Other Sources of Under Ground Water:

Collection of Water from Springs

Infiltration G


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WATER DEMAND AND QUANTITY:

Factors affecting the quantity of water supply are:

Pollution and their characteristics

Climatic conditions

Size and type of city

Standard of living

Quality of water

Pressure in the supply

System of supply

Rates of water

Type of sewerage system

Metering

Fire-fighting requirement

Number and type of industries

Area under public gardens

Policy regarding the metered supply

Potential sources of water supply

Age of community


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Design period:

For water supply projects, a 30 years design period is assumed.

forecast for this period take into consideration the potential of vario

urban economy and regional physical and economic linkages.

Per capita rate of water supply:

The following per capita rates have been recommminimum requirement for the design of public water supply

For design population up to 5,000 90 lpcd per person

For design population up to 5,000 to 20,000 110 lpcd per pe

For design population up to 20,000 to 50,000 125 lpcd per pe

For design population above 50,000 to 2, 00,000 200 lpcd per

Rate of water supply:

The consumption of water during the year is not always rate. There will be seasonal, monthly, daily, and hourly varia


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QUALITY OF WATER:

Temperature: the drinking water should be cool. Desirable is b

Turbidity: turbidity is on account of suspended and colloidasuch as silt, clay and mud particle. It should be between 2.5 -

Odour and Taste: substance that produce and odour will impart a taste as well as odour in drinking water may be dueof microscopic organic matter or inorganic substance succarbonates and sulphates.

Colour: for drinking purpose the colour of water should be than 10ppm.

Alkalinity: alkalinity is mainly because of carbonates, b

hydroxides. It helps in the process of coagulation while purify

Hardness: hardness of water is due to the presence of bicarband chlorides of calcium carbonate.hardness of water sh75-115 ppm for domestic purpose.

pH value: pH value is a symbol of presence of positivconcentration in a sample of water. Water containing alkali while water containing an acid will have more H+ ions. The pfor domestic use shall be from 6.5 to 8.


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DISTRIBUTION OF WATER:

Distribution of water is very much important in any water supply

supply distribution is designed to satisfy the demand placed by d

densities and fire-fighting requirements all the time.

Piping systems, pumping stations, storage facilities fire hydrants, ho

water meters constitute the entire distribution system.

The distribution system normally costs 60 to 70% of the total cost.

Municipal water supply system consists of the following units:

Collection works

Transmission works

Purification works

Distribution works


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Distribution system characteristics:

The configuration

The configuration of the system is dictated primarily by th

topography, degree and type of development of the area

treatment and storage work.

Topography and distributionIf there is a change in topography, the distribution system is di

This will preclude extreme high pressure at lower area and mai

pressure at higher elevation.

Grid and branching system

The distribution system may be generally classified as grid sy

system or some other combination.

Pipe specification

Distribution pipes shall not be less than 150 mm in diamet

metropolitan cities to meet fire-fighting requirements. In other

minimum pipe diameter shall be 100 mm.

Pressure specification

The minimum residual pressure at the time of two store hou

three store house and 22 mt for four store houses.


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Water Distribution system: The spatial distribution of water consumption can be estimate

population demand and commercial and industrial water us

1. Dead-End System or Tree System:-


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2. Grid Iron System or Reticulation System:-

3. Circular System or Ring System:-


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4. Radial System:-


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Water treatment processes:

Following are purposes of water treatment:

To remove colour, dissolved gas and murkiness of water.

To remove objectionable tastes and odour.

To remove the disease-producing micro-organisms so that water

drinking purposes.

To remove hardness of water.

TREATMENT PROCESSES ARE GENERALLY ADOPTED:

Screening

Aeration

Sedimentation With or Without Coagulants.

Filtration

Disinfections

Miscellaneous Processes


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Norms of water supply:

Sr. No. Category A

1 Water Supply (lpcd) 12 Distribution network coverage (%)3 Total storage required (%)4 Storage capacity ratio5 Total treatment req. (%)6 Population dependent on House Service Connection 57 Person per stand post/Hand Pump 1


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PRESENT SCENARIO OF WATER SUPPLYNETWORK OF SURAT CITY:

Area of Surat City: 326.52 sq.km

Present Population of city: 45 Lacs

Population covered under piped network: 92%

Source of Water: River Tapi

Total numbers of Water works: 4

Total numbers of Water Distribution Stations: 21

Total Installed capacity of all WTP: 1178 MLD

Present Gross daily average water supply: 840 MLD

Total Storage capacity of all UGSR & ESR: 653 ML

Total Approx. length of all water supply pipe lines: 2750 km


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Water Supply System - Year 2006 to 20

In the year 2006, city limit was extended from 112.27 sq.km. toarea, merging 27 Grampanchayats & 8 Nagarpalikas into cirevised area & population scenario, preparation of Master Prevised.

By fast-tracking the implementation of projects, SMC has increase in water supply from 580 in 2006 to 850 in 2012.

SMC is now poised to achieve the goal of 100% coverage of expopulation by 2013.

Increase in Capacity Year 2006-2012 & Projected Increase by 2014

Sr. No. Water Supply

Project

Year 2006 Year 2012 Year 2014

1 Intake Well (in

MLD) 840 1463 20332 Water Treatment

Plants (in MLD) 628 1178 14683 UGSR Capacity (in

Lac lit) 4450 6247 68094 ESR Capacity (in

Lac lit)150 286 709

5 Pi eline in km 2250 2715 3100

i i


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Capital Expenditure In Water SuppIncrease In Daily Water Supply: Surat Municipal Corporation has spent more than Rs.993 Cro

expenditure on water supply infrastructure since year 1995 up to y

Due to the project investments, area of Surat city prior to city limyear 2006 was covered 99% population & 97% area under water network.

Due to merger of new area into city, water supply coverage ha2010. Gross daily average water supply increased from 180 MLD about 850 MLD currently.

SMC has planned to achieve the goal of 100% area & populatioSurat city under water supply network including newly merged ar2014 with stage wise project implementation.


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User Charges & Water Meter Poli


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User Charges & Water Meter Poli As a part of achieving targeted reforms under JnNURM to re

charges as per the timeline, new user charges and water effective since Dt.01-04-2008. User charges are reviewed andthe requirement of the policy.

Residential & Religious purpose Water & Sewerage Charges: 2012-1

Sr.No. Connection Size (in inch)

Charges per 1000 lit

For monthly consumption

up to 30000 liters

For

gr

1 3/4" 3.00

2 1.0" 3.00

3 1.5" 3.00

4 2.0" & above 3.00

Non Residential purpose Water & Sewerage Charges: 2012 13


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Non-Residential purpose Water & Sewerage Charges: 2012-13

TYPESr.

No.PURPOSE OF USAGE Charg

(A) 1 Premises for Public institutional services like Bus, Railway, GujaratElectricity Board, Surat Electricity Company, Banks.

2 General(non water based ) Industries like power looms/Diamond/jari -Kasab/Work shop

3 Temporary water connection for non-commercial, individualconstruction purpose.

(B) 1 For Halls and Vadi's used for social Functions.2 Properties like Dispensary, Hospital, Nursing Home, Maternity

Home, Dispensary Chemist etc related with medical services,

3 Photo studios4 Dhobi Ghat5 Private swimming pools6 Gymkhana and Sports Club7 All Types of Restaurant and Canteens (inclusive of Tea /Snacks

/Farsaan shops )8 Properties like nursery, plantations activity used for commercial

use9 Properties used for Residential use for Private/Limited company.

10 Guest Houses.

TYPESr.

NPURPOSE OF USAGE Cha


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No.

(C) 1 Soft Drinks/Soda manufacturing organizations.2 Ice Cream /Ice manufacturing organization.3 Cold storage Plant4 Central Air condition plant.5 Cinema / Theatre6

Film processing /sound studios/Film laboratory

7 RCC/PCC Materials and marble Mosaic tiles manufacturing

works.8 Temporary water connection for commercial purpose

constructions.9 Temporary Water connection for Public Fair, Function, Exhibition

10 All Types of Hotels - up to three - stars.(D) 1 Dyeing & Printing houses. (Except Pandesara GIDC)

2 4-star/5-star hotel3 Water park/Amusement park

(E) 1 Commercial purpose /shops other than mentioned above. (F) 1 For Educational institutions (G) 1 For Residence purpose. Outside city area.

2 For commercial purpose Outside city area.3 For Industrial purpose Outside city area.

Minimum user charges applicable for different purpo


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g

(above 0.5" size) shall be as follows.

S.No.

Connectio

n Size (in

inch)

Monthly Minimum User Charges (in Rs.)

For area inside city For For Residential & Religious

purpose

For Non-resi./

comm. / industrial

purposeFor Residen

Religious pu

1 0.5" 120 240 4202 3/4" 180 360 7653 1.0" 450 900 16804 1.5" 900 1800 30005 2.0" 1395 2790 45606 2.5" 2250 4500 66007 3" 3420 6840 114008 4" 6750 13500 228009 6" 11250 22500 54000

10 8" 18300 36600 8700011 9" 25200 50400 1200012 10" 33750 67500 1500013 12" 56250 112500 22500


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REFERENCES:

Books:

Punamia B.C. and Jain Ashok K., Water Supply EngineeriLaxmi Publications PVT.LTD, New Delhi.

B.S. Raju ,Water supply and Waste water engineering, (Macgraw-Hill Publishing CO. LTD, New Delhi.

Deswal S.S. and Deswal S., Environmental Engineering, Dhanpatrai And CO. PVT. LTD., Delhi.

Surat City Development Plan

Web Sites:

http://www.suratmuniciple.org
http://www.suratmuniciple.org/http://www.suratmuniciple.org/


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We believe users of waterare the best managers of water

Documents

Water Supply Network in Urban Area