““Water, Water, Water, Water, Everywhere”Everywhere”

Earth ScienceEarth ScienceThe Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Water CycleWater Cycle(picture interpretation)(picture interpretation)

Earth ScienceEarth ScienceThe Water CycleThe Water Cycle

• Major Emphasis:Major Emphasis:

• S6E3. Students will recognize S6E3. Students will recognize the significant role of water in the significant role of water in earth processes.earth processes.

• b. Relate various atmospheric b. Relate various atmospheric conditions to the stages of the water conditions to the stages of the water cycle.cycle.

• HERE COMES THE RAIN AGAINHERE COMES THE RAIN AGAINEvery afternoon, the same darn thing: Gully-washers, Every afternoon, the same darn thing: Gully-washers, thunderclaps and, of course, lightning. Take cover, folks, thunderclaps and, of course, lightning. Take cover, folks, the dog days are here. the dog days are here. Author: Author:    GRACIE BONDS STAPLES    GRACIE BONDS STAPLES Date: Date: August 1, 2005 August 1, 2005 Publication: Publication: Atlanta Journal-Constitution WHY HERE?Atlanta Journal-Constitution WHY HERE?

• What we experience in the Southeast in late summer are What we experience in the Southeast in late summer are typically "air mass" thunderstorms (as opposed to moving typically "air mass" thunderstorms (as opposed to moving in with a front), which are formed as the day gets hotter on in with a front), which are formed as the day gets hotter on the ground. Moisture rises from the Gulf of Mexico and the the ground. Moisture rises from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic and forms rain clouds. "If you get down to places Atlantic and forms rain clouds. "If you get down to places like Florida, and have even more humidity, they have an like Florida, and have even more humidity, they have an even better chance of thunderstorms," said Jim Noffsinger, even better chance of thunderstorms," said Jim Noffsinger, senior forecaster of the National Weather senior forecaster of the National Weather

Related Content StandardsRelated Content Standards

• S6E4b. Relate unequal heating of S6E4b. Relate unequal heating of land and water surfaces and weather land and water surfaces and weather events as tornadoes and events as tornadoes and thunderstorms.thunderstorms.

• S6E4c. Relate how moisture from the S6E4c. Relate how moisture from the oceans affects the weather patterns oceans affects the weather patterns and and

weather events such as hurricanes weather events such as hurricanes

Four named storms in early July set recordFour named storms in early July set recordForecasters predict a bad hurricane seasonForecasters predict a bad hurricane season    Severe WeatherSevere Weather Updated: 5:33 p.m. ET July 9, 2005Updated: 5:33 p.m. ET July 9, 2005 Arlene, Bret, Cindy and now Dennis. Storm hunters don’t expect to be Arlene, Bret, Cindy and now Dennis. Storm hunters don’t expect to be

hunched over their radar screens and dispatching chase aircraft until Labor hunched over their radar screens and dispatching chase aircraft until Labor Day. But 2005 is no normal year.Day. But 2005 is no normal year.

Martin Nelson, the lead forecaster at the National Hurricane Center in Martin Nelson, the lead forecaster at the National Hurricane Center in Miami, says this is the first time the Atlantic hurricane season had four Miami, says this is the first time the Atlantic hurricane season had four named storms this early since record-keeping began in 1851. The season named storms this early since record-keeping began in 1851. The season runs from June 1 to Nov. 30.runs from June 1 to Nov. 30.

The first three storms never grew beyond tropical storms that dumped rain The first three storms never grew beyond tropical storms that dumped rain and cut utilities from Louisiana to the Carolinas. Dennis got its name on and cut utilities from Louisiana to the Carolinas. Dennis got its name on July 5 and two days later it had morphed into a Category 4 monster with July 5 and two days later it had morphed into a Category 4 monster with winds reaching 150 mph. It also is the earliest occurrence of a Category 4 winds reaching 150 mph. It also is the earliest occurrence of a Category 4 hurricane in the Caribbean, and possibly the U.S., meteorologists say.hurricane in the Caribbean, and possibly the U.S., meteorologists say.

Characteristics of Science Characteristics of Science StandardsStandards• Characteristics of Science: Characteristics of Science: • S6CS1: Students will explore the importance of curiosity, S6CS1: Students will explore the importance of curiosity,

honesty, openness and skepticism in science and will honesty, openness and skepticism in science and will exhibit these traits in their own efforts to understand how exhibit these traits in their own efforts to understand how the world works.the world works.

• S6CS4: Students will use tools and instruments for S6CS4: Students will use tools and instruments for observing, measuring, and manipulating equipment and observing, measuring, and manipulating equipment and material in scientific activities.material in scientific activities.

• S6CS5: Students will use the ideas of system model, S6CS5: Students will use the ideas of system model, change, and scale in exploring scientific and technological change, and scale in exploring scientific and technological matters.matters.

• S6CS6: Students will communicate scientific ideas and S6CS6: Students will communicate scientific ideas and activities clearly.activities clearly.

• S6CS8: Students will investigate the characteristics of S6CS8: Students will investigate the characteristics of scientific knowledge and how its achieved.scientific knowledge and how its achieved.

• S6CS10: Students will enhance reading in all curriculum S6CS10: Students will enhance reading in all curriculum areas by…areas by…

Big IdeasBig Ideas

• The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

• Atmospheric Conditions Atmospheric Conditions

• Role of Water in Earth’s ProcessesRole of Water in Earth’s Processes

UnderstandingsUnderstandings• There are distinct stages of the water cycle There are distinct stages of the water cycle

(i.e., evaporation, condensation, etc.).(i.e., evaporation, condensation, etc.).• There are 3 basic cloud types.There are 3 basic cloud types.• There are various forms of precipitation (i.e., There are various forms of precipitation (i.e.,

rain, sleet, snow, etc.).rain, sleet, snow, etc.).• Precipitation can be measured and can be Precipitation can be measured and can be

controlled.controlled.• Humidity is a measure of water vapor in the Humidity is a measure of water vapor in the

air.air.• Evaporation is the process by which water Evaporation is the process by which water

molecules escape into the air as water vapor.molecules escape into the air as water vapor.

UnderstandingsUnderstandings

• Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds and Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches the Earth’s surface.reaches the Earth’s surface.

• Condensation is changing of a gas to a liquid.Condensation is changing of a gas to a liquid.• Most differences in air pressure are caused by unequal Most differences in air pressure are caused by unequal

heating of the atmosphere.heating of the atmosphere.• Wind is the horizontal movement of air from an area of high Wind is the horizontal movement of air from an area of high

pressure to an area of lower pressure.pressure to an area of lower pressure.• Global winds/local winds are caused by unequal heating of Global winds/local winds are caused by unequal heating of

Earth’s surface.Earth’s surface.• A hurricane is a tropical storm, which gets its energy from A hurricane is a tropical storm, which gets its energy from

humid air at the ocean’s surface.humid air at the ocean’s surface.• A tornado is a small, very violent funnel-shaped storm.A tornado is a small, very violent funnel-shaped storm.• A thunderstorm is a storm with thunder, lightning, heavyA thunderstorm is a storm with thunder, lightning, heavy

Questions to ConsiderQuestions to Consider

• What severe weather events are What severe weather events are most common in your community?most common in your community?

• How do those events compare with How do those events compare with severe weather events in other parts severe weather events in other parts of the country?of the country?

• What causes towering rain clouds to What causes towering rain clouds to form? What causes such clouds to form? What causes such clouds to move from place to place?move from place to place?

Knowledge and SkillsKnowledge and Skills

• How to use scientific language How to use scientific language correctlycorrectly

• What is the water cycle?What is the water cycle?• What causes cloud formation?What causes cloud formation?• What is precipitation?What is precipitation?• What is humidity?What is humidity?• What is evaporation?What is evaporation?• How does the water cycle cause How does the water cycle cause

various atmospheric conditions?various atmospheric conditions?• What is condensation?What is condensation?• What is weather?What is weather?• What conditions create What conditions create

hurricanes?hurricanes?• What are tornadoes?What are tornadoes?• How does the water cycle cause How does the water cycle cause

various weather conditions various weather conditions

• Demonstrate the stages of the Demonstrate the stages of the water cycle (via movement)water cycle (via movement)

• Sketch the various stages of the Sketch the various stages of the water cyclewater cycle

• Create a graphic organizer Create a graphic organizer (foldable) pertaining to the stages (foldable) pertaining to the stages of the water cycleof the water cycle

• Explain how atmospheric Explain how atmospheric conditions are related to the conditions are related to the water cyclewater cycle

• Explain that weather is composed Explain that weather is composed of air temperature, humidity, wind of air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and speed and direction, and precipitation in a particular place precipitation in a particular place and time.and time.

Stage 2: Evidence Stage 2: Evidence

• Performance Task:Performance Task:Part One:Part One:An entertainment company wants to build a public arena in or near your An entertainment company wants to build a public arena in or near your

community. The company proposes a circular arena that will seat community. The company proposes a circular arena that will seat 25,000 people. The arena will have a retractable roof that will allow for 25,000 people. The arena will have a retractable roof that will allow for open-air rock concerts in good weather. Closing the roof will keep the open-air rock concerts in good weather. Closing the roof will keep the company from having to cancel concerts in bad weather. Local company from having to cancel concerts in bad weather. Local government officials will approve the proposed arena if a plan is in government officials will approve the proposed arena if a plan is in place to ensure the safety of concert-goers. Of special concern is safety place to ensure the safety of concert-goers. Of special concern is safety in severe weather. It takes an hour to close the roof of the building. in severe weather. It takes an hour to close the roof of the building. Before and after concerts, roads leading to and from the arena will be Before and after concerts, roads leading to and from the arena will be clogged with cars. Some of the roads may cross streams that may flood clogged with cars. Some of the roads may cross streams that may flood in severe weather. Will people be safe if severe weather develops? in severe weather. Will people be safe if severe weather develops? What warning signs will help the company decide whether to close the What warning signs will help the company decide whether to close the roof or cancel a concert? The entertainment company has asked roof or cancel a concert? The entertainment company has asked students in your school to help them evaluate the potential for severe students in your school to help them evaluate the potential for severe weather hazards in your community. Can you use your understanding weather hazards in your community. Can you use your understanding of weather to explain how to recognize when severe weather threatens of weather to explain how to recognize when severe weather threatens your region? You will need to explain what to do during a weather-your region? You will need to explain what to do during a weather-related emergency.related emergency.

Part Two: Part Two:

• You are a meteorologist who has been You are a meteorologist who has been hired to develop a report that will explain hired to develop a report that will explain to the entertainment company how to to the entertainment company how to recognize when severe weather hazards recognize when severe weather hazards may be approaching, and what to do in may be approaching, and what to do in case of such hazards. Your report will help case of such hazards. Your report will help the company to complete their final plans the company to complete their final plans for the proposed arena. Without your for the proposed arena. Without your report, the arena project will be dropped. report, the arena project will be dropped.

ProductsProducts

• Your report should address: Your report should address: • The weather-related hazards that are likely to occur in your The weather-related hazards that are likely to occur in your

community.community.• How often the hazards are likely to occur, and at what times of How often the hazards are likely to occur, and at what times of

the year.the year.• How dangerous these hazards are and what kind of damage they How dangerous these hazards are and what kind of damage they

can produce.can produce.• What conditions might contribute to the development of these What conditions might contribute to the development of these

hazards.hazards.• The warning signs that indicate when severe weather is The warning signs that indicate when severe weather is

developing.developing.• How citizens can be informed on short notice (in less than one How citizens can be informed on short notice (in less than one

hour) when weather-related hazards are expected.hour) when weather-related hazards are expected.• How citizens can prepare in advance for specific weather hazards.How citizens can prepare in advance for specific weather hazards.• What safety procedures citizens should follow during and after What safety procedures citizens should follow during and after

severe weather events.severe weather events.

Assessment CriteriaAssessment Criteria

Think about what you have been asked to Think about what you have been asked to do. Work with your classmates and your do. Work with your classmates and your teacher to define the criteria for assessing teacher to define the criteria for assessing your work. Devise a grading sheet for the your work. Devise a grading sheet for the assessment of the challenge. Record all of assessment of the challenge. Record all of this information. Make sure you understand this information. Make sure you understand the criteria and the grading scheme as well the criteria and the grading scheme as well as you can. Your instructor may provide as you can. Your instructor may provide you with a sample rubric to help you get you with a sample rubric to help you get started.started.

Water Cycle CartoonWater Cycle Cartoon

Waiting for the subway, Mr. I.M. Richman slips and falls Waiting for the subway, Mr. I.M. Richman slips and falls in a puddle of water. in a puddle of water.

Above him, he sees water dripping from some pipes. Above him, he sees water dripping from some pipes. They must be leaking! I.M. Richman decides to sue They must be leaking! I.M. Richman decides to sue Pip Peterson, the maker of the pipesPip Peterson, the maker of the pipes

Water cycle CartoonWater cycle Cartoon

Pip Peterson asks Science Court attorney Alison Krempel to Pip Peterson asks Science Court attorney Alison Krempel to defend her company. "Our pipes don't leak, Ms. Krempel!" defend her company. "Our pipes don't leak, Ms. Krempel!"

In Science Court, Alison Krempel calls an expert witness, In Science Court, Alison Krempel calls an expert witness, meterologist Maria Hernandez. "Water in the air condensed meterologist Maria Hernandez. "Water in the air condensed on the outside of the pipes and dripped onto the floor. The on the outside of the pipes and dripped onto the floor. The pipes weren't leaking," says Maria. pipes weren't leaking," says Maria.

Water Cycle CartoonWater Cycle Cartoon

"Water in the air? Do you expect us to believe that "Water in the air? Do you expect us to believe that there is water roaming around in the air?" asks there is water roaming around in the air?" asks Doug Savage, I.M. Richman's attorney Doug Savage, I.M. Richman's attorney

Judge Stone and the Science Court jury must Judge Stone and the Science Court jury must decide: Is Pip Peterson guilty of leaky pipes? Or decide: Is Pip Peterson guilty of leaky pipes? Or could the water have come from the air? could the water have come from the air?

Water Cycle SongsWater Cycle Songs

• ““The Water Cycle Boogie”The Water Cycle Boogie”

• ““The Water Cycle”The Water Cycle”

Kinesthetic ActivitiesKinesthetic Activities

• The Water Cycle DanceThe Water Cycle Dance

• Water Cycle “Electric Slide”Water Cycle “Electric Slide”

Terms for “Electric Slide”Terms for “Electric Slide”

• CondensationCondensation

• PrecipitationPrecipitation

• EvaporationEvaporation

Cloud in A BottleCloud in A Bottle

• Author:Author: Michael Kneese; Snake Michael Kneese; Snake River Jr. High, Idaho River Jr. High, Idaho

• PURPOSE:PURPOSE: The purpose to this The purpose to this activity is to demonstrate to the activity is to demonstrate to the students the direct affects of students the direct affects of pressure and temperature on cloud pressure and temperature on cloud formation (refer to handout).formation (refer to handout).

Procedure: “Cloud in A Procedure: “Cloud in A Bottle”Bottle”• Place about 20 ml of water in a wide Place about 20 ml of water in a wide

mouth gallon pickle jar mouth gallon pickle jar • Place a lit match into the jar. Place a lit match into the jar. • Quickly place a heavy duty clear plastic Quickly place a heavy duty clear plastic

bag over the mouth of the jar and secure bag over the mouth of the jar and secure a firm seal by placing a rubber a firm seal by placing a rubber band/masking tape around the top of the band/masking tape around the top of the jar. jar.

• Push the bag into the jar quickly, then Push the bag into the jar quickly, then pull the bag out. Observe! pull the bag out. Observe!

Other EvidenceOther Evidence

• Other Evidence: (quizzes, tests, prompts, observations, dialogues, work samples, Other Evidence: (quizzes, tests, prompts, observations, dialogues, work samples, etc.)etc.)

• Quizzes: Quizzes: Vocabulary-selected responseVocabulary-selected response• Constructed response – description of stages of the water cycleConstructed response – description of stages of the water cycle• Tests:Tests: Selected response test about water cycle and various Selected response test about water cycle and various

atmospheric atmospheric • ConditionsConditions• Observation:Observation: Sketch of various stages of the water cycleSketch of various stages of the water cycle• Demonstrate the distinct stages of the water cycle via Demonstrate the distinct stages of the water cycle via

movement (dance)movement (dance)• Track weather conditions using the internet for various regions of Track weather conditions using the internet for various regions of

the U.S.the U.S.• Maintain a weather log of weather conditions in your area (i.e., Maintain a weather log of weather conditions in your area (i.e.,

humidity, humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage).air pressure, wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage).• Constructed Response: Ask members of your family or neighbors about the most Constructed Response: Ask members of your family or neighbors about the most • memorable thunderstorms they ever witnessed in memorable thunderstorms they ever witnessed in

your your • community. (You may wish to describe a community. (You may wish to describe a

thunderstorm you thunderstorm you have witnessed). have witnessed).• Diagram:Diagram: Label and sequence pictures of stages in the water cycle.Label and sequence pictures of stages in the water cycle.• Self-Assessment: Journal daily reflections, questions, and understandings.Self-Assessment: Journal daily reflections, questions, and understandings.

Terms (not necessarily same Terms (not necessarily same terms on standardized terms on standardized assessment)assessment)• water cyclewater cycle

• precipitation precipitation

• condensation condensation

• runoff runoff

• groundwater groundwater

• evaporationevaporation

• cumuluscumulus

• stratusstratus

• tornadotornado

• cirruscirrus

• thunderstormthunderstorm

• hurricanehurricane

• humidityhumidity

• air pressureair pressure

• atmosphereatmosphere

Sample Self-Assessment Sample Self-Assessment QuestionsQuestions• What did you accomplish today?What did you accomplish today?• What strengths do you think you showed in your What strengths do you think you showed in your

work?work?• How did you feel about the topic we investigated How did you feel about the topic we investigated

today?today?• How well do you think you understood the activity we How well do you think you understood the activity we

did today?did today?• What questions do you have about what we did What questions do you have about what we did

today?today?• Are there some things you don’t understand?Are there some things you don’t understand?• What do you think is the most important thing you What do you think is the most important thing you

learned in science this week?learned in science this week?

Multiple Choice TestsMultiple Choice Tests

• The next set of slides are questions The next set of slides are questions released from state tests.released from state tests.

• http://edinformatics.com/testing/testing.hthttp://edinformatics.com/testing/testing.htmm

• Instruction can be written to guide Instruction can be written to guide the students in understanding the the students in understanding the concept a different level.concept a different level.

QuestionsQuestions

• Which is the thickest layer of the Which is the thickest layer of the Earth?Earth?

a.a. CrustCrust

b.b. Inner coreInner core

c.c. Mantle *Mantle *

d.d. Outer coreOuter core

QuestionsQuestions

• When air near the ground is warmed by When air near the ground is warmed by sunlight, which of following occurs?sunlight, which of following occurs?

a. The warm air radiates and becomes cool a. The warm air radiates and becomes cool again.again.

b. The warm air evaporates into the cooler b. The warm air evaporates into the cooler air.air.

c. The warm air expands and rises, c. The warm air expands and rises, resulting in convection. *resulting in convection. *

d. The warm air loses its ability to hold d. The warm air loses its ability to hold water and precipitates.water and precipitates.

QuestionsQuestions

• When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer atmospheric air, the lighter warmer air rises. As atmospheric air, the lighter warmer air rises. As this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and this air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some and some of the water vapor in it some and some of the water vapor in it condenses.condenses.

Which of following will Which of following will most likelymost likely form as this form as this occurs?occurs?

a.a. a cloud *a cloud *b.b. A rainbowA rainbowc.c. a sunseta sunsetd.d. A tornadoA tornado

QuestionsQuestions

• Which of the following is an Which of the following is an important factor in explaining why important factor in explaining why seasons occur on Earth?seasons occur on Earth?

a.a. Earth rotates on its axis.Earth rotates on its axis.

b.b. The Sun rotates on its axis.The Sun rotates on its axis.

c.c. Earth’s axis is tilted. *Earth’s axis is tilted. *

d.d. The Sun’s axis is tilted.The Sun’s axis is tilted.

QuestionsQuestions

• Why do mountain climbers use oxygen Why do mountain climbers use oxygen equipment a the top of the world’s equipment a the top of the world’s highest mountains?highest mountains?

a.a. There is less oxygen in the air at great heights. There is less oxygen in the air at great heights. **

b.b. There is little nitrogen in the air at great There is little nitrogen in the air at great heights.heights.

c.c. There is a hole in the ozone layer.There is a hole in the ozone layer.

d.d. There is no air at the top of very high There is no air at the top of very high mountains.mountains.

QuestionsQuestions

• The Moon produces no light, and yet it The Moon produces no light, and yet it shines at night. Why is this?shines at night. Why is this?

a.a. The Moon reflects the light from the The Moon reflects the light from the Sun.*Sun.*

b.b. The Moon rotates at very high speed.The Moon rotates at very high speed.c.c. The Moon is covered with a thin layer of The Moon is covered with a thin layer of

ice.ice.d.d. The Moon has many craters.The Moon has many craters.

Science WebsitesScience Websites

• Mad Scientists Network: Mad Scientists Network: www.madsci.orgwww.madsci.org

• How Stuff Works: How Stuff Works: www.howstuffworks.comwww.howstuffworks.com

• Environmental Education Network:Environmental Education Network:

http://www.envirolink.orghttp://www.envirolink.org

• Chem4Kids.com: Chem4Kids.com: http://chem4kids.com/index.htmlhttp://chem4kids.com/index.html

• Science UTM: Science UTM: www.ScienceU.comwww.ScienceU.com

• www.braingym.orgwww.braingym.org (educational kinesiology) (educational kinesiology)