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Waterborne Transport and Waterborne Transport and Homeland SecurityHomeland Security
William B. Samuels, Ph.DWilliam B. Samuels, Ph.DScience Applications International CorporationScience Applications International Corporation
McLean, VirginiaMcLean, Virginia
2007 Joint Services Environmental Management Conference2007 Joint Services Environmental Management ConferenceColumbus, OHColumbus, OH
May 21May 21--24, 200724, 2007
Program AreasProgram Areas
•• Water Distribution Water Distribution SystemsSystems
•• Waste Water Waste Water Collection SystemsCollection Systems
•• Source WaterSource Water
SponsorsSponsors
•• Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)•• Environmental Protection AgencyEnvironmental Protection Agency•• Technical Support Working GroupTechnical Support Working Group•• USDA Forest ServiceUSDA Forest Service•• Defense Threat Reduction AgencyDefense Threat Reduction Agency•• American Water Works Association Research American Water Works Association Research
FoundationFoundation•• Water Environment Research FoundationWater Environment Research Foundation•• Metropolitan Washington Council of GovernmentsMetropolitan Washington Council of Governments•• New York City Department of HealthNew York City Department of Health
Water Distribution SystemsWater Distribution Systems
•• PipelineNetPipelineNet•• Drinking Water Contamination in Drinking Water Contamination in
Buildings and Large VenuesBuildings and Large Venues•• Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Threat Ensemble Vulnerability
Assessment (TEVA) SupportAssessment (TEVA) Support
MonitoringLocation
MonitoringLocation
EPANET ToolkitVisual Basic
EPANET ArcView
Contaminant Transport
ConsequenceAssessment
RegulatoryCompliance
SystemIsolationSystem
Isolation
PipelineNet
Concentration, AgeingTracing, Pressure, Head
Population at RiskCritical Facilities at Risk
PipelineNet
Pipes, Tanks,Reservoirs
Valves, PumpsSCADA
Water DistributionInfrastructure
Schools, Hospitals, Population, etc.
PipelineNetPipelineNet
•• GISGIS--based based hydraulic and hydraulic and water quality water quality modelmodel
•• Consequence Consequence assessmentassessment
•• Sensor placement Sensor placement •• Mitigation Mitigation
alternativesalternatives
Model ApplicationsModel Applications
Halifax
New York
Manchester
Cincinnati
Ann Arbor
Fort Worth
Salt Lake CityMurray ProvoPark City
Seattle
San Francisco
DC WASA
PhoenixWSSC
Las Vegas
St. Paul
Completed
In progress
Oakland
Birmingham
HillsboroughCounty
Arlington
Pittsburgh
Falls Church
Tucson
TEVA
PipelineNetPipelineNet -- NYCNYC
•• Calibrated Extended Period Simulation EPANET ModelCalibrated Extended Period Simulation EPANET Model–– 3 pressure zones (Central Park to the Battery)3 pressure zones (Central Park to the Battery)–– Calibrated for flowCalibrated for flow–– Comparison with fluoride tracer dataComparison with fluoride tracer data–– Integrated into PipelineNetIntegrated into PipelineNet
•• Hydraulic modeling reportHydraulic modeling report•• ARCGIS PipelineNet installation CDARCGIS PipelineNet installation CD•• User GuideUser Guide•• Training ManualTraining Manual•• User Training SessionUser Training Session•• Quality Assurance Project PlanQuality Assurance Project Plan
PipelineNetPipelineNet HighlightsHighlights
•• 19991999 Development of Development of PipelineNetPipelineNet PrototypePrototype•• 20002000 EPA/TSWG Interagency AgreementEPA/TSWG Interagency Agreement•• 2001 2001 First set of 5 cities selected for First set of 5 cities selected for PipelineNetPipelineNet
developmentdevelopment•• 2002 2002 Winter Olympics Winter Olympics –– Salt Lake CitySalt Lake City•• 2003 2003 AwwaRFAwwaRF Case Study Case Study -- EBMUDEBMUD•• 2004 2004 Republican National Convention Republican National Convention –– NYCNYC•• 2005 2005 Joint Project with Canada Joint Project with Canada –– HalifaxHalifax
Collaboration with TEVA ProgramCollaboration with TEVA Program•• 2006 2006 DCWASA Model ImprovementDCWASA Model Improvement
New York City Department of HealthNew York City Department of Health
• Development of Protocols and Guidelines for the Prevention of Contamination of Drinking Water in Large Venues– Assessment of Building and Plumbing Types–– Analysis of Analysis of ChemChem--Bio Agents Bio Agents –– Analysis of Drinking Water Supply Vulnerability Analysis of Drinking Water Supply Vulnerability
Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment (TEVA)Assessment (TEVA)
•• Hydraulic Model Development and CalibrationHydraulic Model Development and Calibration•• GIS SupportGIS Support•• Population EstimatesPopulation Estimates•• Sensor Placement StudiesSensor Placement Studies•• Effects of Effects of SkeletonizationSkeletonization•• Quality Assurance Project PlansQuality Assurance Project Plans•• Ann Arbor StudyAnn Arbor Study
Waste Water Collection SystemsWaste Water Collection SystemsSewerNetSewerNet
•• A direct release into a manhole or other entry point of A direct release into a manhole or other entry point of the sewer system.the sewer system.
•• The collection of contaminated water flushed from The collection of contaminated water flushed from hydrants or other devices hydrants or other devices
•• The collection of wastewater generated from the normal The collection of wastewater generated from the normal activitiesactivities
Source WaterSource Water•• ICWaterICWater
•• Potomac Potomac RiverSpillRiverSpill
•• Waterborne Transport ModuleWaterborne Transport Module
ICWaterICWater ComponentsComponents
•• National National HydrographyHydrography Dataset Plus (Dataset Plus (NHDPlusNHDPlus))•• RealReal--Time StreamTime Stream
FlowFlow•• Agent DatabaseAgent Database•• ARCGISARCGIS•• RiverSpillRiverSpill ModelModel•• Asset DatabasesAsset Databases
National National HydrographyHydrography Dataset Plus Dataset Plus ((NHDPlusNHDPlus))
•• 1:100K Stream Network1:100K Stream Network•• Catchments for each Catchments for each flowlineflowline•• Drainage area characteristics Drainage area characteristics •• Flow volume & velocity Flow volume & velocity
estimatesestimates
Potomac Potomac RiverSpillRiverSpillInterstate Commission on the PotomacInterstate Commission on the Potomac
River BasinRiver Basin
•• Model CalibrationModel Calibration
Waterborne Transport ModuleWaterborne Transport Module
RiverSpill
Runoff
Rainout & Deposition
Estuarine, Ports and Coastal
Ocean
HYTRAS
NAVOCEANO
NOAA
Rainfall -Runoff
SCS Curve Number
Atmospheric Deposition and Atmospheric Deposition and Surface RunoffSurface Runoff
Deposition Pattern (HPAC)
Catchments
(NHDPlus)Land Use (NHDPlus)
Hydrologic Soil
Groups (NRCS)
Rainfall Pattern (NOAA - QPF)
Rainfall - Runoff
(Curve Number)
Runoff Volume and Contaminant Runoff Volume and Contaminant ConcentrationConcentration
•• Curve Number EquationCurve Number Equation
• Runoff volume (cm3) = Q (cm) x Catchment Area (cm2)• Contaminant mass from HPAC
Q = (P - 0.2S)2 / (P + 0.8S)
Q = runoff (cm)
P = precipitation (cm)
S = water retention parameter (cm), computed from dimensionless curve numbers (CN) which are functions of soils, land cover, antecedent moisture
S = (2540/CN) – 25.4
CN describes the hydrologic condition of the land surface at the time of the precipitation event
William B. Samuels, Ph.D
Science Applications International Corporation1710 SAIC Drive
McLean, VA 22102phone: 703 [email protected]
http://eh2o.saic.com