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Wave Properties
Reflection
When a wave is turned back toward its start point
Fixed End – wave hits an obstacle that is rigid and is reflected back inverted
Free End ReflectionWave hits an end of a medium free to
move, wave reflected back but not inverted
There is no change in frequency, wavelength, or velocity during reflection as long as the medium stays the same
Transmission
When wave passes through from one medium to another
Frequency stays the same as it passes into another medium
In different medium, the speed, and thus wavelength, will be different
At Boundary
Some of the wave will continue on and some of the wave will bounce back
Partial transmissionPartial reflection
Fast to Slow Media
Loose to stiff springBoundary acts like a fixed end
Slow to Fast Media
Stiff to loose springBoundary acts like a free end
Refraction
Change in velocity and wavelength as wave enters a different media
Causes a bending appearance if wave hits new media at an angle
Bending Of Water Waves
Crests on left hit shallow water which has a lower velocity
Causes shorter wavelength
Appears as though waves are bent
Diffraction
Bending of waves around an edge of an opening or object
Why people can hear around a wallEffects of diffraction are evident only when
the size of the diffracting object is about the same or smaller than the wavelength of the waves
Reflection Off Barriers
When a wave hits a barrier at an angle, it bounces off at an angle
Ripple tank: oblique reflection
Law of Reflection
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection i = r
Parabolic Barrier