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Mechanical Basics
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Basics
Chapter Overview
In this chapter, the basics of using Mechanicalto perform analyses
will be covered, which include:
A. The Mechanical GUI and Operation
B. Introduction to the Mechanical Application Wizard
C. Basic Analysis Procedure
D. The Engineering Data application
E. Workshop 2-1
The capabilities described in this section are generally applicable to
theANSYS DesignSpace Entra licenses and above, unless noted.
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Basics
A. Launching Mechanical
Recall that there are two ways of running Mechanical:
Configured from within ANSYS Workbench
or from a su orted CAD s stem
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Basics
Mechanical Interface
The components of the user interface are shown below:
ToolbarsMenus
Graphics Window
Tree OutlineMechanical
Application Wizard
Details View Message Window
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Status Bar
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Basics
. . . GUI Menus
The menus provide much of the functionality present in Mechanical.
The more commonly used menu items are covered below:
The title bar lists analysis type, product and active ANSYS license.
File > Clean to delete mesh and/or results from database.
Units to change units on-the-fly.
Tools > Options to customize settings and options.
Help > Mechanical Help to access documentation.
Analysis Type Product License
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Basics
GUI Toolbars
There are a number of toolbars to provide users quick access to
functionality also found in the menus.
window.
The Context toolbar, as will be illustrated later, updates depending on
what branch is active in the Outline tree.
Tooltips appear if the cursor is placed over the toolbar button.
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Basics
GUI Toolbars
The Standard toolbar is shown below:
Bring up Mechanical Wizard Annotations Comments
Solve Model
Capture Snapshot
Slice Planes
The Graphics toolbar is used for selection and graphicsmanipulation:
Graphics ManipulationSelection ToolsSelect mode Viewports
The left mouse button can be either in selection mode or graphicsmanipulation mode. The above toolbar buttons are grouped as selectentities and graphics manipulation control.
-
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selection. This is controlled by the Select Mode icon.
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Basics
GUI Outline Tree
The Outline Tree provides an easy way of organizing the model,
materials, mesh, loads, and results for the analysis
The Model branch contains the input
data required for the analysis
The Static Structural branch contains
the loads and supports relevant to the
analysis discipline
The Solution branch contains result
objects and solution information
Other branches (not covered here)
are also available.
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Basics
GUI Outline Tree
The Outline Tree shows icons for each branch, along with a status
symbol. Examples of the status symbols are below:
Checkmark indicates branch is fully defined/OK
Question mark indicates item has incomplete data (need input)
Lightning bolt indicates solving is required
Exclamation mark means problem exists
X means that item is suppressed (will not be solved)
Transparent checkmark means body or part is hidden
Green lightning bolt indicates item is currently being evaluated
Minus sign means that mapped face meshing failed
Check mark with a slash indicates a meshed part/body
Red lightning bolt indicates a failed solution
Becoming familiar with the basic status symbols allows users to debug
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Mechanical problems quickly.
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Basics
GUI Details View
The Details View contains data input and output fields. The contents
will change depending on branch selected.
White field: input data
Data in white text field is editable
Gray (or Red) field: information
Data in gray fields cannot be modified.
Yellow field: incomplete input data
Data in yellow fields indicates missing information.
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Basics
GUI Graphics Window
The Graphics Window shows the geometry and results. It can also provide
worksheet (tabular) listings, the HTML report, and a Print Preview option.
Geometry Tab Print Preview Tab
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Worksheet Tab Report Preview Tab
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Basics
GUI Mechanical Application Wizard
The Mechanical Wizard is an optional component, a
useful aid to remind users steps required to
complete an analysis
steps and the status of them Green checkmark indicates the item is complete
Green i shows an informational item
A greyed symbol shows that the step cannot be
performed yet
A red question mark means that there is an
An x means that the item is not performed yet
A lightning bolt means that the item is ready to be
solved or updated
The Mechanical Wizard can be toggled on/off byselecting the button on the Standard Toolbar
The options on the Mechanical Wizard menu will
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Basics
B. Mechanical Application Wizard
By selecting an item on the Required Steps checklist, a callout appears,
illustrating how that function is performed.
In the example below, Verify Materials was selected, and the callout shows the
.
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Basics
Mechanical Application Wizard
The Mechanical Wizard is handy for
users who do not use Mechanical
every day
Besides basic functionality, callouts
for more advanced items are alsoavailable as shown on right
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Basics
C. Basic Procedure
The purpose of analysis is usually to determine the response of a
system based on some type ofexcitation or loading.
It is crucial to remember that a mathematical modelis used:
CAD geometryis an idealization of thephysical model
The mesh is a mathematical representation of the CAD model
The accuracy of answers is determined by various factors:
How well the physical model is represented depends on the assumptions
Numerical accuracy is determined by the mesh density
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CAD Model Finite Element Mesh
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Basics
Basic Procedure
Every analysis involves four main steps:
Preliminary Decisions
What type of analysis: Static, modal, etc.? Preliminary
What to model: Part or Assembly?
Which elements: Surface or Solid Bodies?
Preprocessing
ec s ons
ttac t e mo e geometry
Define and assign material properties to parts
Mesh the geometry
Preprocessing
Request results
Solve the Model
Post rocessin
Solution
Review results
Check the validity of the solution
Postprocessing
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Basics
Basic Procedure
The Wizards in Mechanical aid the user in following the basic
analysis template discussed previously:
Attach/import geometry
Assign material properties
(Mesh geometry)
A default mesh will be supplied by Mechanical if this step is not performed
manua y y t e user
Apply loads and supports
Request results
o ve mo e
Review results/postprocessing
evera examp es o us ng e ec an ca zar o ow . . . .
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Basics
Wizard Example: Assign/Verify Material Properties
Verify Materials is selected, and the callout shows how to verify/changematerial properties in the pull-down menu (engineering data is describedlater in this chapter).
After Verify Materials isselected, all of the parts
from the Geometry
,
and the Details view shows
how to change the
material.
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Basics
Wizard Example: Assign Material Properties
The call out message indicates the user should return to theWorkbench interface to access Engineering Data
The default material property is Structural Steel but can be changed
As a material is added to the project it will appear in the material
assignment detail field
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.Users should use their own material property values in production use.
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Basics
Wizard Example: insert Loads & Supports
After verifying and assigning materials, Insert Structural Loads is selected
from the Stress Wizard
Loads are applied from the pull-down icons in the Context toolbar.
After Insert Loads is
selected, notice that the
Environment branch is
highlighted.
By highlighting the ,
Context toolbar and Details
view change.
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Basics
Applying Loads & Supports
Loads and supports are applied on geometric entities in two different ways:
Pre-select geometry entity in Graphics Window, then select load or support fromContext Toolbar
Or, select load or support from Context Toolbar then select geometry entities inGraphics Window, then click on Apply in Details View.
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Basics
Applying Loads & Supports
After assigning the load the user can enter additional data in the Details view,if necessary.
Notice that in the Outline Tree the associated loads branch symbol status will alsochange to completed (checkmark).
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Basics
Applying Loads & Supports
For some structural loads direction is
needed:
If Components is chosen, enter X, Y, or Z
omponen s o oa ng
If Vector is chosen, select geometry andenter magnitude of loading
Defaults can be set in Tools > O tions
> Mechanical: Miscellaneous
> Load Orientation Type
The Global Coordinate System or user
referenced
User-Defined Coordinate Systems will be
discussed later
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Basics
Applying Loads & Supports
Existing geometry can be referenced to
control direction:
In the Details view, select Define By:
ec or
Three types of existing geometry can be used Normal to planar face or along axis of cylindrical
face
Along straight edge or normal to cylindrical edge
Two vertices defining vector
Click on Direction and select geometry used
for vector orientation. Use the arrows in the
Graphics window to toggle the direction.
Click on Apply when finished.
Enter magnitude for loading in Magnitude.
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Toggle arrow buttons to
reverse load direction
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Basics
Mouse Controls
The left mouse button is used to select geometric entities OR to
manipulate the graphics display
User can select items (vertex, edge, surface, body) or manipulate the view(rotate, pan, zoom in/out, box zoom)
e ec mo e can e s ng e-se ec or ox-se ec
In single-select mode, click-drag with left mouse
button to paint select multiple items
Use Ctrl-Left mouse button in sin le-select mode to select or unselect multi le
entities
In box-select mode, click-drag from left to right selects entities fully enclosed in
bounding box
In box-select mode, click-dra from ri ht to left selects an entit artiall enclosed in
bounding box
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Basics
Mouse Controls (shortcuts)
In select mode the middle mouse provides several short cuts for graphicsmanipulation Click + drag middle mouse button = dynamic rotate
CTRL+ Middle mouse button = dynamic pan
Shift + Middle mouse button = dynamic zoom
If present, the wheel can be used to zoom in/out RMB + drag = box zoom
Click right mouse button once and select Fit to fit model in view or access
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Basics
Selection Planes
Selection planes allow for users to easily select surfaces which are hiddenfrom view by other surfaces.
User selects a plane; if more planes lie directly underneath the cursor, selectionplanes appear. Selection planes are color-coded with the same color as its parentpart and are ordered by depth from the cursor.
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Basics
D. Engineering Data
The Engineering Data application provides overall control for material
properties.
Engineering data is a part of every project.
Engineering data can be opened stand alone (as a precursor to starting
a project for example).
To edit the En ineerinTo o en the En ineerin Data
Data in an existingproject RMB > Edit or
double click
standalone, add from thecomponent systems in the toolbox
(drag/drop or double click), then
RMB > Edit or double click.
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
The Engineering Data application is displayed below. Individual
controls and components are described next.
Toolbox
Properties for material
selected below
Outline Filter
Outline of Filtered Materials
PropertyChart
Properties ofmaterial selected
above
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
The window interaction provides cascading data presentation. To view or modify materials one generally follows a work flow shown here:
Display Property intabular and graphical
format
Choose Data Source
(Library)
Choose Material
Choose Property
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
The Engineering Data field represents the
list of materials which have been imported
Check box allows
library to be unlocked
Outline Filter
for use in the current project .
A list of available material
libraries is displayed. These maye supp e or user
defined.
Favorites are materials which will be
available in ever ro ect without the need
Browse for existing
libraries or choose
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to import from a library.new rary oca on.
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
The toolbox provides numerous material property definitions that can beadded to existing or new materials.
To modify materials in existing libraries the library must be unlocked,note this ermanentl modifies the material stored in that librar .
Materials in the current projects engineering data can be modified without
affecting the material library.
The Toolbox Customization settingsallows filtering of the properties
displayed in the toolbox.
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
To add a material from an existing library to
the current project click the plus sign (+)
next to that material.
Any material defined in the current projectwill be marked as show at right.
Once added each material becomes
available for use in the current project (it
becomes art of the current En ineerinData).
Note, to add amaterial to the
Favorites list,
RMB the material
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and add.
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
To create a new material first
select the library where you
want the definition to be stored
current project).
if desired, for the new material.
From the Toolbox double clickor drag and drop the desired
properties.
Finally enter values for theproperties.
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Basics
. . . Engineering Data
Units menu in Engineering Data:
You may choose to display Values as Defined
or Values in Project Units.
As Defined units are controlled individually.
Project Units are taken
from the current Units menu
selection.
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Basics
E. Workshop 2-1 Mechanical Basics
Workshop 2.1 Mechanical Basics
Goal:
Using the Stress Wizard, set up and solve a structural model for
stress, deflection and safety factor.
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