‘w§~B©‘w{ÐV {ÛVr` g§ñH$aU Jmoñdm{‘-lrnwéfmoÎm‘ …

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gånmXH$:Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha

dmamUgr‘w{ÐV àW‘ g§ñH$aU:{d.g§.1965-66.‘w§~B©‘w{ÐV {ÛVr` g§ñH$aU:{d.g§.1968.

V¥Vr` àñVwV g§ñH$aU:{d.g§.2056.

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1lrdëb^mMm © ‘hmà wHo$ d§e‘| 2lr{dÆ>bZmW à wMaU 3lr~mbH¥$îUOr4lrnrVmå~aOr 5lr`Xwn{VOr 6lrnrVmå~aOr Am¡a 7lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or, àñVwVàñWmZaËZmH$aHo$ H$Vm©H$m OÝ‘, gmVdt nr‹T>rna {dH«$‘ g§dV² 1714; `mlrdëb^-d§ed¥j(3/2J¥h:gyaV.n¥ð>g§.15)Ho$ AZwgma 1724, H$s mÐnXewŠbmEH$mXerHo$ {XZ hþdm. OÝ‘Ho$ g‘` n[adma JmoHw$bJ«m‘‘| hr {Zdmg H$aVm Wm{H$ÝVw ~mX‘| 5lr`Xwn{VOrHo$ Á oð> «mVm 5lrí`m‘bOrHo$ nwÌ 6lrd«OamÒrZoBÝh| AnZm Y‘©nwÌ ~Zm H$a 10 df©H$s Am w‘| gwaV ~wbm {b`m. {dH«$‘ g§dV²1781 ‘| 67 df©H$s d`‘|, AnZo Xmo nwÌ Am¡a EH$ nwÌr Ho$ AnZr {dÚ‘mZVm‘|Z ah OmZoHo$ H$maU, AnZo g‘mZZm‘m MMoao ^mB©H$mo AnZm CÎmam{YH$mar ~ZmH$a o nwZ… AnZo OÝ‘ñWb JmoHw$b bm¡Q> J o. Bgr df© AmnZo h[aÛmaH$s `mÌm^r H$s Wr Eogm dhm§Ho$ nwamo{hVH$s ~hr‘| CëboI {‘bVm h¡. d¡go H$hm OmVm h¡{H$ Amn {dH«$‘ g§dV² 1810 VH$ Adí` hr yVbna {dÚ‘mZ aho. Š`m|{H$ ñd §‘¢Z| ^r Bg Ad{YHo$ AmnHo$ hñVmjam|‘| {bIo J«ÝWHo$ Hw$N> n¥ð> n§M‘nrR>ñWhñV{bpIV J«ÝWm|Ho$ g§J«h‘| XoIo h¢. Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Amn n`m©ßV bå~rAm w VH$ J«ÝWboIZm{X H$m ©‘| g§b½Z aho. hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àñWmZaËZmH$aAmnZo JmoHw$b hr ‘| {bIm hmo. d¡go dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ gm{hË`H$s godmÛmam CgHo$gwdU©`wJHo$ gm¡dU©MVwîH$moUmon‘ lrh[aamÒr, lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or, bmby^Å>monZm‘lr~mbH¥$îU ^Å>Or VWm boIH$ma lrdëbÔr H$s MVwï>`r‘| `h BZH$m hrAgmYmaU d¡{eï>ç h¡ {H$ ‘hmà wHo$ ZmåZm àH$Q> {H$gr J«ÝWna BZH$s ì`m»`mZ {‘bVr hmo Vmo Eogo J«ÝWH$m lrdëb^mMm © ‘hmà w{da{MV hmoZm ^r g§{X½Yhr hmo OmVm h¡. BZHo$ à‘wI {eî`m|‘| lrh[aamÒrHo$ Y‘©nwÌ lr{J[aYaOr,

V¥Vr`/1=H$m§H$amobrHo$ ~wahmZnwa Om ~gZodmbo lraUN>mo‹S>OrHo$ nwÌ lrA{ZéÕOr,MmonmgZrdmbo lrXm‘moXaOrHo$ nwÌ lr{dÆ>bamÒr (àñVwV gånmXHo$ nyd©O), EH$AÝ` ^r lr{J[aYaOr, lrVwbOmam‘Or, VH©$nÄMmZZ lrdoUrXÎm ^Å>mMm © Am{X{JZm o Om gH$Vo h¢. AñVw.

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d¡go AÝ`mÝ` VÝÌm|H$s VwbZm‘| Hw$N> {Zê$nU H$aZm hmo Vmo `h H$hm OmgH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~m¡Õ Xe©Z‘| lrY‘©H$s{V©Ho$ à‘mUdm{V©H$, O¡Z Xe©Z‘| lrà^mMÝÐHo$Ý`m`Hw$‘wXMÝÐmoX`, Ý`m`Xe©Z‘| lr^mgd©kHo$ Ý`m`gma, nyd©‘r‘m§gm‘|lrnmW©gma{WH$s emñÌXr{nH$mHo$ VH©$nmX, emL²H$a doXmÝV‘| lrAmZÝXnyU© ‘wZrÝÐH$sÝ`m`MpÝÐH$m, am‘mZwO doXmÝV‘| lrdoXmÝVXo{eH$H$s Ý`m`n[aew{Õ-Ý`m`{gÕmÄOZ;AWdm, ‘mÜd doXmÝV‘| lrì`mgam`ñdm‘rH$m VH©$VmÊS>d {OZ {dMm ©{df`m|H$sO¡gr VwbZmpË‘H$m Ed§ AmbmoMZmpË‘H$m e¡br‘| {dMmamW© àH$Q> hþdo h¢, CÝht{dMm`©{df`m|H$mo d¡gr hr {dMmae¡brH$m Adbå~Z H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$malrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo ^r àñVwV J«ÝWH$m {Z‘m©U {H$`m h¡.

^JdÁkmZmdmVma ‘h{f© ~mXamÙHo$ doXmÝVgyÌm|Ho$ dmëb^ doXmÝVm{^àoVAÜ`m`MVwï>`rHo$ à‘mU à‘o gmYZ Am¡a ’$b Ho$ {df`{d^mOZm|Ho$ AZwê$n,`h àñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝW ^r, Mma n[aÀN>oXm|‘| hr {bIm OmZm Wm. àñVwV J«ÝWHo$àmaå^‘| hr J«ÝWH$maZo Bg ~mao‘| `m| ñnï>rH$aU Xo {X`m h¡:

(1)VÌ VmdX² ^JdVm ì`mgoZ, eãXñ` AZnoj§ àm‘mÊ`§ñdrH¥$Ë`, MVwb©jÊ`m§ àW‘o eãX~b{dMmaoU¡d à‘o {ZU© … H¥$V…,VV… à‘o gmYZ’$bm{Z {dMm[aVmZr{V, AmMm £a{n VW¡d gw~mo{YÝ`mXm¡{Zê$ß`Vo.

(2){gÕmÝVo àH$mañVw gmYZàH$aUo dú`Vo.

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AV… gmYZn[aÀN>oXH$m mdr boIZ O~ H$ÊR>moŠV à{VkmV h¡ Vmo ’$bn[aÀN>oX{bIZm r J«ÝWH$maH$mo gd©Wm A^rï> hr ahm hmoJm. d¡go AmO Vmo à‘mUn[aÀN>oXgånyU© Am¡a AnyU© à‘o n[aÀN>oX hr Ho$db CnbãY hmoVo h¢. h‘mao Xw m©½`deAnZo ‘ZmoaWHo$ AZwê$n J«ÝWH$ma Bg J«ÝWH$mo nyam Zht H$a nm o `h Vmo ñnîQ>hr h¡; Š`m|{H$, à‘o`n[aÀN>oXH$mo^r J«ÝWH$maZo ñdà{VkmV {dMm`©-{df`-H$mo{Q>Am|H$s MMm© VH$ A{VËda`m WmH$WpÄMV hr nhþ§Mm`m h¡. gmo gmYZn[aÀN>oXAm¡a ’$bn[aÀN>oX {bIo hr Zht Om gHo$. ñd § J«ÝWH$maHo$ hñVmjam|dmbr AVWm Am ‘mV¥H$mAm|, Omo h‘mao íbm¿`V‘ gm¡ m½`de h‘| àmßV hmo nm`r, Ho$AdbmoH$Zgo h gd©Wm ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ J«ÝWH$ma ApÝV‘ n¥ð>na dmŠ`{dÝ`mg^r nyam Zht H$a nm o h¢. Bg‘| àW‘ ‘mV¥H$m Vmo AmÚmonmÝV {ZO¡H$hñVmjam|‘|AmbopIV h¡. {ÛVr`, O~{H$, AÝ` {H$grHo$ hñVmjam|‘| {bpIV hmoZona ^ràmaå^Ho$ Hw$N> n¥ð>m|na J«ÝWH$maHo$ hñVmjam|‘| H$ht erf©{Q>ßnUr, H$htgì oVanmíd©{Q>ßnUr, H$ht nmX{Q>ßnUr `m H$ht emoY{ZH$m ^r CnbãY hmoVr h¡.AY~rM‘| nwZ… J«ÝWH$maoVa AZw{b{nH$maHo$ hñVmjam|‘| {bIr J`r h g{Q>ßnUrH$‘mV¥H$m {XIbm`r XoVr h¢. ApÝV‘n¥ð>na nwZ… AMmZH$ hr J«ÝWH$maHo$ hñVmjanyaH$m§eHo$ boIZmW© àH$Q> hmo J o h¢; {’$a^r, dmŠ` AYyam Ny>Q> J`m h¡ bJVmh¡ {H$ AnZr T>bVr Am wHo$ VWm ZoÌÁ`mo{VH$s jrUVmHo$ H$maU H$moB© à{V~ÝYCnpñWV hþdo hm|Jo.

{ÛVr`nrR>mYre Jmoñdm‘r lrH$ë`mUamÒrZo H¥$nm H$aHo$ Hw$N> dfm] nhboCZHo$ g§J«h‘| {dÚ‘mZ EH$ nÌHo$, Omo J«ÝWH$maÛmam VËH$mbrZ {ÛVr`nrR>mYrelr{J[aYaOrH$mo {bIm J`m Wm, ‘wPo Xe©Z H$adm o Wo. o lr{J[aYaOr lrh[aamÒrHo$CÎmam{YH$mar VWm àñVwV J«ÝWH$ma lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ A{V {à` {eî` h¢, EogmnÌJV md Am¡a mfm Ho$ AmYmana PbH$Vm h¡. o nÌ BÝh| O~ do X{jU`mÌmnaJ o Wo V~ J«ÝWH$maÛmam {ZOhñVmjam|‘| {bIm J`m h¡. Bg‘| J«ÝWH$maZo AnZoàhñVdmX J«ÝWH$s à{VHo$ H$mÄMr oOZoHo$ g‘mMma VWm H$mÄMrHo$ e¡d-em§H$a{dÛmZm|H$s d¡Mm[aH$ à{V{H«$`m OmZZoHo$ ~mao‘| AnZr Vrd« CËH$ÊR>m àH$Q> H$s h¡.gmW hr gmW AnZo {eî`Ho$ ^m½`H$s àe§gm ^r H$s h¡ {H$ CÝh| ^JdËgodm VWmJ«ÝWmZwerbZ XmoZm|Ho${b o g‘` VWm gm‘Ï © ^JdËH¥$n`m gwb^ h¢, O~{H$

dmY©Š`demV² ZoÌÁ`mo{VHo$ jrU hmoVo OmZoHo$ H$maU lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo BZ‘| Am‹S>oAmVr A‹S>MZm|na AnZm ‘ZñVmn ^r àH$Q> {H$`m h¡. àñWmZaËZmH$a‘| BgàhñVdmXH$m CëboI {‘bVm hmoZogo bJVm h¡ {H$ Bgr Ad{YHo$ Amgnmg H$^ràñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝWH$m ^r {Z‘m©U hþdm hmoZm Mm{h o. Am¡a `hr hoVw Bg J«ÝWHo$AnyU© ah OmZoH$m VWm ñd §Ho$ hr hñVmjam|Ûmam AZoH$mZoH$ A{ZíMm`H$ nmR> oXm|Ho$^r àH$Q> hmo OmZoH$m àVrV hmoVm h¡. d¡go J«ÝWboIZHo$ ~mX AmXVZ ^rlrnwéfmoÎm‘Or AnZo boIZ‘| {ZaÝVa g§emoYZ-n[adY©ZH$mar AZwerbZ‘| VmoVËna ahVo hr Wo, h Vmo CZHo$ AÝ` r AZoH$ J«ÝWm|Ho$ AmYmana ‘ybhñVmjam|Ho$Aä`m{gAm|go {N>nr hþB© H$moB© ~mV Zht h¡.

I¡a hoVw Omo Hw$N> r ahm hmo, Bg J«ÝWHo$ AnyU© ah OmZona r, AWm©V² AmO`h {OVZm CnbãY hmoVm h¡, CVZm ^r dmëb^ doXmÝVHo${b o Vmo boe‘mÌ ^rAën‘hÎdH$m Zht h¡.

AnZr ñdma{gH$ àH¥${Vde doXmÝV{MÝVZ, CËàojm‘ybH$ {MÝVZ Z hmo H$adoXmon{ZfX² ^JdX²JrVm ~«÷gyÌ nwamUm{X gH$b Amf© emñÌm|na Adbpå~V hmoH$a, CZH$s EH$dmŠ`Vmgånm{XH$m VmËn ©‘r‘m§gmHo$ hoVw àd¥Îm hmoZodmbm {MÝVZh¡. lre§H$amMm ©go Amaå^ H$a nadVu g^r AmMm`m]H$mo ‘mÝ` EH$ {dMmaZr{VHo$ê$n‘| Bgo XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡. gd©àW‘ lre§H$amMm ©H$mo hr XoI| Vmo AVrdà^mdembr dMZm|‘| do ^r Bg {dMmaZr{VH$m à{VnmXZ H$aVo h¢ :

doXmÝVdmŠ`Hw$gw‘J«WZmW©ËdmV² gyÌmUm§ doXmÝVdmŠ`m{Z gyÌ¡…CXmöË` {dMm ©ÝVo. dmŠ`mW©{dMmaUmÜ`dgmZ{Zd¥©Îmm ~«÷mdJ{V… ZAZw‘mZm{Xà‘mUmÝVa{Zd© ¥Îmm. gËgwVw doXmÝVdmŠòf w OJVm oOÝ‘m{XH$maUdm{Xfw VXW©J«hUXmT²>çm© AZw‘mZ‘{n doXmÝVdmŠ`m{damo{Yà‘mU§ ^dV² Z {Zdm ©Vo.

(~«.gy.^m.1&1&2)

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Bg {df`‘| doXmÝVHo$ AÝ` ^r g^r gåàXm`m|Ho$ ~rM gd©Wm EoH$‘Ë` h¡.AVEd lrdëb^mMm © ‘hmà w ^r H$hVo h¢ :

Z{h ñd~wÕçm doXmWª n[aH$ëß` VXWª {dMma… H$Vwª eŠ`….~ «÷ n wZ… `mÑe § d oXmÝV of w AdJV § VmÑe‘od ‘ÝVì`‘ ².AUw‘mÌmÝ`WmH$ënZo@{n Xmof… ñ`mV².

(~«.gy.^m.1&1&1)

AVEd doXmÝV{MÝVZ‘| d¥{Îm ^mî` Q>rH$m à{H«$`m àH$aU J«ÝWm| Am¡aVÝ‘ybH$ `m VXWm}nmoX²~bH$ dmXJ«ÝWm| H$s O¡gr ~hþbVm h¡, d¡gr dm{V©H$e¡br‘|{bIo J«ÝWm|H$s Zht. CŠVmZwŠVXwéŠV{df`H$ {d‘e©, {deofV… XwéŠV{d‘e©Ho$gÝX ©‘|, Ý`m`-ì`mH$aUemñÌm|‘| {Og Vah CnbãY hmoVm h¡, dh doXmÝV‘| VmoH$ënZr` hr Zht h¡. `hm§ ""`WmoÎma‘wZrZm§ àm‘mÊ §''Ho$ ~Om` ""`Wmnyd©‘wZrZm§àm‘mÊ`§''‘| d¡Mm[aH$ AmñWm A{YH$ Ñ‹T>VmHo$ gmW Adbå~Zr` hmoVr h¡.Ab~Îmm gyÌna `m ^mî`na, `m gm‘mÝ`V`m ‘Vna ^r, CŠVmZwŠV{d‘em©pË‘H$me¡br‘| `{X H$moB© dm{V©H$ H$^r {bIZm Mmho Vmo, Cgo doXmÝV{MÝVZH$s {ZOràH¥${VHo$ {dnarV Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm. Bg VÏ`H$mo ~w{ÕJV H$aZona àñVwVàñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝWH$mo ^r dmëb^ doXmÝV‘VHo$ dm{V©H$V`m {Z{d©dmXê$noUñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡. `h J«ÝW gmjmV² ~«÷gyÌ^mî`Ho$ D$na {bIm J`m ZhmoZona ^r dmëb^ ‘Vna Adí` hr dm{V©H$mon‘ J«ÝW h¡. `h EH$ Am¡a AZyR>m‘hÎd Bg J«ÝWH$m h¡ hr. ñd § J«ÝWH$maHo$ eãXm|‘-

`V² à‘o ‘wéYmH$ao pñWV§ Zmonnm{XV‘wVmonnm{XV‘²&{dàH$sU©{‘{V VÝ‘Zrf`moX²J¥h² wpŠV{^[ahmondÊ ©Vo&&

BZ CÒmam|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona Bg J«ÝWH$s dm{V©H$mon‘Vm àH$Q> hmoVr hrh¡. AVEd Zm‘m{^YmZnyd©H$ Bg J«ÝWH$mo "dm{V©H$' Z H$hZm ^r doXmÝV{MÝVZHo$íbm¿`V‘ AmXem]H$m {Zdm©h hr àVrV hmoVm h¡, gmW hr gmW XwéŠV{d‘e©Ho$A^mdde `h C{MV ^r h¡.

Ohm§ VH$ J«ÝWm{^YmZ "àñWmZaËZmH$a' Ho$ A{^àoVmW©H$m àíZ h¡ Vmo Hw$N>‘m¡{bH$ ñnï>rH$aU OmZ boZo AË`mdí`H$ bJVo h¡. BYa gm¡-nMmg dfm}‘| Xoe-H$mb-ì`pŠV-n[aÀN>oX-a{hV ~«÷H$s Vah EH$ «‘ ^r g^r gmåàXm{`H$ Am¡aAgmåàXm{`H$ boIH$m|H$s bopIZrgo {Z…g¥V hmo H$a Xoe-H$mb-ì`pŠVHo$n[aÀN>oXm|H$mo Vmo‹S> MwH$m h¡. doXmÝVHo$ BVagåàXm`m|go dmëb^ doXmÝVH$m d¡bjÊ``h {XIbm`m OmVm h¡ {H$ `h àñWmZÌ`dmXr hmoZoHo$ ~Om` àñWmZMVwï>`dmXrdoXmÝVgåàXm` h¡ "{H$‘míM ©‘V…na‘²'

nwamUàm‘mÊ` doXmÝVHo$ {H$g gåàXm`H$mo A^rï> Zht h¡? em§H$a^mîàm‘mZwO^mî` ‘mÜd^mî` lrH$a^mî` e¡d^mî` {^jw mî` {Zå~mH©$^mî` Am{Xg^r‘| ‘hm^maV-nwamUHo$ dMZ à‘mUV`m CÕ¥V h¢ hr. Eogr‘| pñW{V mJdVnwamUH$s‘hÎmmH$s KmofUmÛmam dmëb^doXmÝVZo Z Vmo H$moB© AgmYmaU àmñWm{ZH$ gmhg{H$`m h¡ Am¡a Z H$moB© AgmYmaU Amnam{YH$ gmhg hr. EVXW© ‘hmà^wlrdëb^mMm ©Ho$ ‘ybdMZm|H$mo EH$ ~ma {Zhma boZm A{YH$ Cn wŠV hmoJm-

Apñ‘Z² emñÌo n[a^mfm‘² CŠËdm à‘mU‘² Amh : doXm…lrH¥$îUdmŠ`m{Z ì`mggyÌm{U M¡d {h g‘m{Y^mfm ì`mgñ` à‘mU§VÀMVwï>`‘². CÎma§ nyd©gÝXohdmaH§$ n[aH$s{V©V‘² A{déÕÝVw `Îdñ`à‘mU§ VÀM ZmÝ`Wm. EV{ÛéÕ§ `V² gdª Z VÝ‘mZ§ H$WÄMZ. AWdmgd©ê$nËdmV² Zm‘brbm{dôXVmo {déÕm§en[aË`mJmV² à‘mU§ gd©‘od{h. ñ‘¥{VËdoZ H¥$îUdmŠ`m{Z doXËdo@{n n¥WJ² CŠVm{Z. ì`mggyÌm{U,MH$mamX² O¡{‘{ZgyÌm{U... EVÀMVwï>`‘² EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ§ à‘mOZH$‘².EVX{damoYoZ¡d ‘ÝdmXrZm§ àm‘mÊ`‘² Amh... Ed§ nyU©kmZmoX`md{Y `X²J«mh² § à‘mUËdoZ VV² {Zê$ß` VXZÝVa§ `V² à‘mU§ VX² Amh : AWdo{VdmL²>‘mÌ‘od à‘mU‘² AW©ñ` ^JdÐÿnËdmV².

(V.Xr.{Z.1&7-9)

8 9

`hm§ ì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo gwñnï> eãXm|‘| ""Ed§ g{VA{déÕm@g§dmÚ§eEd àm‘mÊ`‘² B{V AW©… ’$b{V'' Eogm {dYmZ {H$`m h¡. Bggo{gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| Ho$db àñWmZMVwï>`rHo$ àm‘mÊ`H$s YmaUmgd©Wm {Z‘y©b hr h¡. Š`m|{H$ à‘mUMVwï>`rgo A{déÕ Am¡a AZdJV hmoZona AÝ`^r AZoH$mZoH$ eãX AZw‘mZ m àË`j Am{X WmW©kmZmonm`m|H$mo {d{d{XfmH$mb‘|^r à‘mUV`m ‘mÝ` aIm hr J`m h¡. Ho$db à‘mUMVwï>`rH$mo hr à‘mUV`mñdrH$maZona Vmo ñd § à‘mUVwï>`rHo$ eãXm|H$m ldU `m Xe©Z ^r MVwï>`mÝVJ©VZ hmoZogo à‘mZw y{V Zht ah Om |Jo AV… Bggo A{YH$ Ag‘ÄO YmaUm Am¡a H$moB©Š`m hmo gH$Vr h¡? {Og dMZH$m Adbå~Z H$a `h YmaUm àd¥Îm hþ r ñd §Cgr dMZ‘| ì`mgdMZm{déÕ O¡{‘{ZdMZm|H$m ^r àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$mam hr J`m h¡.ñd § ^mJdVH$m àm‘mÊ` ^r {Og g‘m{Y^mfm hmoZoHo$ H$maU ñdrH$mam J`m h¡dh hoVw ""dmë‘r{H$… gmåàV§ {H$b g‘m{Y^mf`m àmh à‘mU§ gd©W¡d VV²''(V.Xr.{Z.2&81) {dYmZÛmam ‘hmà wZo dmë‘r{H$am‘mÙHo$ ~mao‘| ^r gd©Wm‘mÝ` aIm hr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ àñWmZMVwï>`dmXr hmoZoH$sYmaUm {H$VZr {Z‘y©b h¡ `h ñd § g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡.

ñdm^m{dH$V`m "àñWmZaËZmH$a' A{^YmZJV "àñWmZ' {deofUH$m ì`mdË ©`m VmËn © V~ Š`m hmo gH$Vm h¡, `h {Okmñ` ~Z OmVm h¡.

AnZo AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©V nydm}ŠV àhñVdmXHo$ ‘§JbmMaU‘| J«ÝWH$ma""g§drú`mon{ZfÀN®>{Vñ‘¥{VJU§ ^mî`m{U gyÌmÊ`{n àñWmZ¡{d©{dY¡`w©Vm{Z''(Ad.dmXm.1&3) {dYmZ H$aVo h¢. BgH$m gmdYmZrHo$ gmW AdbmoH$Z H$aZona{~bHw$b gm’$ PbH$Vm h¡ {H$ lw{V ñ‘¥{V gyÌ H$mo, CnbjU{dY`m ^mJdVH$mo^r, J«ÝWH$ma "àñWmZ' Zht H$h aho h¢; àË wV, BZna Omo {d{dY ^mî` VÎmX²doXmÝVgåàXm`m|Ho$ àH$Q> hþdo h¢, CÝh| doXmÝVHo$ {d{dY àñWmZV`m {Zê${nVH$aZm MmhVo h¢ : ""{d{dY¡… àñWmZ¡… wVm{Z gyÌm{U ^mî`m{U''. AV… ‘mÝ`gH$b Amf© emñÌm|H$s gwg§JV ì`m»`m àñVwV H$aZoH$s ‘Zmod¥{Îm `m ‘ZmoaW hrdoXmÝV{MÝVZmpË‘H$m `mÌmH$m dh gd©gm‘mÝ` Amaå^{~ÝXw h¡, Ohm§godoXmÝV{MÝVZ`mÌmHo$ g^r `mÌr AnZr `mÌm àmaå^ H$aVo h¢. Bg `mÌmna AJ«ga

hmoZona g^r {MÝVH$m|H$s AnZr-AnZr {Xem Am¡a gaUr ~ZVr-~XbVr OmVrh¢. Am¡a Bgo hr lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or "àñWmZ' {deofUÛmam {Zê${nV H$aZm MmhVo h¢.

AV… ""EVÀMVwï>`‘² EH$dmŠ`VmnÝZ§ à‘mOZH$‘²''Ho$ {dYmZÛmam ‘hmà wZo{d{d{XfmH$mb‘| lw{V ñ‘¥{V gyÌ Am¡a nwamU ê$nr Mma emñÌm|H$mo Zht àË wV BZMma emñÌm|H$s EH$dmŠ`VmH$mo à‘mUV`m ‘mÝ` H$aZoH$s ~mV H$hr h¡, CgHo${dnarV àñWmZMVwï>`rH$s H$ënZm H$aZm, nwZ… BZ‘| {H$gr Z {H$gr VahH$m oXI‹S>m H$aHo$ EH$dmŠ`VmHo$ A^mdH$mo Üd{ZV H$aZoH$s Ym§Ybr bJVr h¡lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrHo$ g‘H$m{bH$ lr~mbH¥$îU Å>Ûmam {da{MV "à‘o aËZmU©d' Zm‘H$J«ÝW‘| O¡go àË oH$ {ddoH$Ho$ {dMm ©{df`H$s àñVw{V‘| AmJ«{hbV`m gd©àW‘lw{V JrVm ~«÷gyÌ VWm ^mJdV H$s EH$dmŠ`VmHo$ {ZXe©ZmW© Mmam|Ho$ dMZm|H$moCÕ¥V {H$`m J`m h¡, d¡gr {Zê$nUe¡br lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo `hm§ Bg J«ÝW‘| gmJ«hAnZm`r hmo Eogm {XIbm`r Zht XoVm. BgH$m H$maU EH$‘mÌ `hr C{MV bJVmh¡ {H$ ""Ed§ g{V A{déÕm@g§dmÚ§eEd àm‘mÊ`‘² B{V AW©… ’$b{V'' H$s{dMmaZr{VH$m Adbå~Z H$aHo$ à‘mUMVwï>`‘| A{Zê${nV Eogo {H$gr {df`‘|J«ÝWH$maH$mo H$^r Ý`m`‘V, Vmo H$^r d¡ mH$aUm|H$m ‘V, Vmo H$^r ^mÅ>m|H$m ‘V,Vmo H$^r gm§»`‘V ^r "A{déÕ-Ag§dmXr' {Zê$nU hmoZoHo$ H$maU A§eVmo ‘mÝàIZm A^rï> h¡. `h nwZ… AZwŠV{d‘em©Ë‘H$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU àñVwV J«ÝWHo$dmëb^‘Vdm{V©H$ hmoZoHo$ JwUH$s nw{ï> H$aZodmbr ~mV h¡.

AV… "àñWmZ' eãXHo$ H$moeJV AW© ""`mÌm d«Á`m{^{Z`m©U§ àñWmZ§ J‘Z§J‘…'' (A‘aH$m oe:2&8&95) ""A^rï>dñVwMmbZ‘²'' (lr^r‘mMm`©PbH$sH$a{da{MV Ý`m`H$moe) Ho$ AmYmana VWm ‘hmà wH$s "" o YmVweãXm…`ÌmW} CnXoeo àH$s{V©Vm… VW¡dmWm}... H$V©ì`mo ZmÝ`Wm Šd{MV²…'' (nÌmd.4)AmkmH$m AZwgaU H$aVo hþdo "àñWmZ' eãXH$mo lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamUm{Xà‘mUm|H$m n`m©`V`m ñdrH$maZm h‘ AZmdí`H$ g‘PVo h¢, H$‘go H$‘"àñWmZaËZmH$a' A{^YmZH$s AW©{dMmaUmHo$ gÝX ©‘| Vmo {ZíM oZ hr.

O¡gm {H$ h‘ {XIbm hr MwHo$ h¢ {H$ àñVwV J«ÝWH$mo Mma, à‘mU à‘ogmYZ Am¡a ’$b, n[aÀN>oXm|‘| J«ÝWH$ma {bIZm MmhVo Wo naÝVw Xmo hr n[aÀN>oXà‘mU Am¡a à‘o Ho$ {bI nm o. VXZwgma ‘ybH$maHo$ eãXà`moJmZwgma CZ XmoZm|

10 11

n[aÀN>oXm|H$mo `WmdV² {Z^mVo hþdo J«ÝWH$maHo$ öX`‘| J«ÝWHo$ àmê$nH$s Omon[aH$ënZm ahr hmoJr CgH$m Wm‘{V AmH$bZ m D$h H$aHo$ {df`~moYgm¡H$ ©H$sÑ{ï>go h‘Zo BgHo$ XmoZm| hr n[aÀN>oXm|H$mo nwZ… H$ëbmob Am¡a Va“mo ‘| ^r{d^m{OV H$aZm Cn wŠV g‘Pm. àË oH$ Va“mÝVJ©V {df`m|Ho$ {Zê$nH$ AZwÀN>oXm|H$mo^r à{VnmÚ{df`Ho$ ÚmoVH$ erf©H$m|Ho$ gmW `Wm‘{V {d^m{OV {H$`m h¡.

nyd©àH$m{eV Xmo g§ñH$aUm|‘| `h gw{dYm Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU J«ÝWà{VnmÚ{df`m|H$m gmH$ë oZ AdYmaU AVrd Am`mgnyU© hmo OmVm Wm. A~ Amem h¡{H$ Bggo J«ÝWmZwerbZ‘| n`m©ßV gm¡H$ © ahoJm. AñVw.

lrnwéfmoÎm‘J«ÝW‘mbmHo$ àW‘ àgyZ "doXmÝVm{YH$aU‘mbm-^mdàH$m{eH$m'Ho$ ~mX Bg {ÛVr` àgyZHo$ àH$meZ‘| A{Zdm © g§ moJm|Ho$ H$maU H$ar~ gVah-AR>mah dfm]H$m Agh² {dbå~ hmo J`m h¡. {’$a ^r Bg àñWmZaËZmH$aH$mAZoH$nmR> oXm|Ho$ g{hV ewÕnmR>Ho$ {ZU© Ho$ gmW `h nwZ…àH$meZ ‘oao OrdZH$sHw$N> A{V‘hÎdnyU© AmH$m§jmAm|‘| EH$H$s ny{V© ‘¢ ‘mZVm hÿ§. ^JdËH¥$nmde BgrVah V¥Vr` àgyZ AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ Mm¡~rgm| dmX, MVwW© àgyZ `mdXwnbãYCn{ZfÔr{nH$m | Am¡a JrVm‘¥VVa§{JUr, n§M‘ àgyZ CËgdàVmZ Ðìèw{Õ VWmÛmqÌeXnamY{dd¥{V H$^r àH$m{eV hmo Om | Eogo ‘ZmoaW öX`Ho$ ^rVa {ZaÝVaXm¡‹S>Vo hr ahVo h¢ ""‘ZmoaWmZm‘² AJ{VZ© {dÚVo

d¡go gZ² 84 ‘| h[aÛma`mÌmHo$ g‘` dhm§ AnZo EH$‘mgHo$ AmdmgH$sAd{Y‘| AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ H${Vn` dmXm|H$m Am¡a Bg àñWmZaËZmH$aH$m‘w{ÐVnmR>m|Ho$ AmYmana àmW{‘H$ gånmXZ {H$`m Wm. CgHo$ ~mX ‘oao {à` {‘Ìlr‘XZbmb ì`mgOrgo BgH$s Xmo ~ma àogH$m°nr ^r V¡ ma H$admB© Wr gmo CZHo$à{V AnZr H¥$VkVmHo$ ^mdm|H$m g§JmonZ Zht H$a gH$Vm

I¡a, d¡go O~ `h ~mV Mbr h¡ Vmo Bg J«ÝWHo$ H$ nmR>Ho$ gånmXH$lr‘JZbmb emñÌrHo$ {eî`-gh`moJr ES>dmoHo$Q> lrdm‹S>rbmb ZJrZXmg emhHo$nwÊ`ñ‘aUgo ^r ‘oam öX` ~a~g N>bH$Zo bJVm h¡

CZH$m EH$ {Z`‘ Wm {H$ ‘oar àË oH$ df©Jm§R>na ‘wPo H$moB© Z H$moB© EH$ñd‘mJu` J«ÝW OÝ‘{XZHo$ CnhmaV`m AnZr ew H$m‘Zm {bI H$a Adí` XoVoWo. gZ² gmR>Ho$ XeH$Ho$ ‘Ü`‘| EH$ ~ma ‘oao OÝ‘{XZgo Xmo-VrZ {XZ nyd© CÝhm|Zo‘wPgo ‘oao AÜ``ZHo$ ~mao‘| nyN>m Am¡a V~ ‘¢Zo ~Vm`m {H$ VÎdàXr{nH$m {MËgwIrAm¡a IÊS>ZImÚ H$m AÜ``Z Mb ahm h¡ Vmo ~mobo {H$ ""H$^r g‘` {ZH$mbH$a lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrH$m àñWmZaËZmH$a ^r n‹T>Ho$ XoImo'' ‘¢Zo H$hm ""‘oao nmg J«ÝWh¡ Zht'' Vmo V~ Vmo Hw$N> ~mobo Zht naÝVw OÝ‘{XZHo$ gm §H$mbH$mo ‘oao{b o AnZohñVmjam|‘| ew H$m‘ZmHo$ boIg{hV àñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝW Cnhmaê$noU Xo J o doeãX AmO ^r ‘oao H$mZm|‘| Jy±OVo ahVo h¢. ~mX‘| lr‘JZbmb emñÌrOrHo$ hr{eî`-gh`moJr lr‘mohZbmb Oardmbm Am¡a ‘oao Xw m©½`de lr‘X² mJdVH$WmH$moAnZr AmOr{dH$m ~ZmZoH$s ‘hÎdm§H$mjm aIZodmbo EH$ gyVmon‘ H$WŠH$‹S>ì`mg ‘wPgo àñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝWHo$ AÜ``ZmW© ‘oaonmg AmZo bJo. Hw$N> Xg-n§Xah {XZ nmR> Mbm ^r naÝVw OZ‘Zmoa§OZmW© H$s OmVr ^mJdVH$Wm‘| BgJ«ÝW‘|go H$moB© ~mV {‘M©‘gmbm ~Z nm o Eogm {df` `hm§ Vmo {‘bZm Zht Wm,gmo nmR> AY~rM‘| hr ~§X hmo J`m, lr‘mohZ^mB©Ho$ nmR> MbmZoHo$ A{VeÀmJ«hHo$ ~mdOyX ‘wPo IoX h¡ {H$ V~go AmO VH$ {H$grH$mo n‹T>mZoH$m gm¡ m½`‘wPo {‘b Zht nm`m. {’$a ^r gånm{XV-àH$m{eV H$a nmZoH$m gm¡ m½` ^r‘oao{b o AVrd ñn¥hUr` hr h¡.

Bg J«ÝWH$mo gånm{XV H$aZm dñVwV… EH$ A{Vl‘gmÜ` AZwð>mZ ‘oao{b oahm. gd©àW‘ Vmo ñd § J«ÝWH$maZo Bgo BVZr Ëdam‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ {bIZoHo$ ~mX`Ì-VÌ ñd § CÝh| n¥ð>Ho$ Mmam| Amoa D$na-ZrMo Xm |-~m§ o ~hþV gmar {Q>ßnUrAm¡a emoY{ZH$mAm| go â XoZm n‹S>m h¡. ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ {H$ H$^r emoY{ZH$m,nadVu AZw{b{nH$mam|Ûmam {Q>ßnUr hmoZoH$s «mpÝVde N>mo‹S> Xr J`r Am¡a H$ht{Q>ßnUr ‘ybJ«ÝWHo$ gmW Omo‹S> Xr J`r. BgHo$ H$maU nmR> oXm|H$s â‘ma hmo OmZrñdm^m{dH$ ~mV Wr.

J«ÝWH$maZo AÝ`mÝ` ‘Vm|Ho$ njm|H$mo CnñWm{nV H$aZo‘| {OZ J«ÝWm|H$mgdm©{YH$ ghmam {b`m h¡, CZ‘|, lrnmW©gma{W{‘lH$s emñÌXr{nH$mH$m VH©$nmX,

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lrOmZH$sZmW ^Å>mMm ©H$s Ý`m`‘ÄOar, lrY‘©amOmÜdarÝÐH$s doXmÝVn[a^mfmHo$ Zm‘ {deofV… CëboIZr` h¢. H$B© ~ma {H$gr EH$ ‘VH$s ‘mÝ`VmH$mo nyd©njHo$ê$n‘| àñVwV H$aVo g‘` Cg ‘VHo$ EH$m{YH$ J«ÝWm|‘|go AbJ-AbJ dmŠ`m§em|H$moboH$a Omo‹S> H$a EH$ nyd©nj ~Zm`m hmo Eogm ^r AZoH$Ym Ñ{ï>JmoMa hmoVm h¡.n[aUm‘V… H$m¡Zgr wpŠV H$hm§go Am ahr h¡ BgH$m ‘ybmÝdofU Xwd©h CÎmaXm{`Ëd~Z OmVm h¡.

J«ÝWgånmXZar{V : AV… à~b BÀN>m aIZoHo$ ~mdOyX {d{^ÝZ nyd©njm|Ho$ ‘ybmÝdofUÛmam

gÝX^m}Ho$ CëboI H$aZoHo$ {dMmago {daV hmoZm n‹S>m. {’$a r g^r na‘VmoëboIm|H$mo,CXmhaUV`m, ""~mh² mñVw *ñdbjU‘mÌJmoMa§ {Z{d©H$ënH§$* BÀN>pÝV'' BgVah Xagm`m J`m h¡. Bgr Vah e§H$m-g‘mYmZ ^r `{X ""ZM....... B{VdmÀ`‘²'' Ho$ ê$n‘| hmo Vmo nwZ… ""ZM *.......* B{V dmÀ`‘²'' ê$n‘| Am¡a""ZZw....... B{V MoV², Z...'' Ho$ ê$n‘| hmo Vmo ""*ZZw.......* B{V MoV², Z,...''Ho$ ê$n‘| Xagm`m J`m h¡. O¡go CÕaUHo$ AÝVJ©V nwZ… H$moB© AdmÝVa CÕaUAmVm hmo Vmo Eogr ""......"...'......'' ar{Vgo Xagm`m OmVm h¡, d¡go hr e§H$m-g‘mYmZHo$ AÝVJ©V e§H$m-g‘mYmZ AWdm {H$gr ‘VmoëboIHo$ AÝVJ©V nwZ…Ana ‘VmoëboI AmVm hmo Vmo ""*......*....*......*'' m| N>moQ>o-~‹S>o nwînÝ`mgm|H$mAmYma boH$a CÝh| Ñ{ï>gwb^ ~ZmZoH$m à`mg {H$`m h¡. gm‘mÝ`V`m "".....''CÕaU{MÝhm|H$m Cn`moJ eãXe… CÕaU hmoZoHo$ ÚmoVZmW© h¡ O~{H$ ""*.....*''Bg VahHo$ {MÝhm§{H$V dmŠ` eãXe… Zht naÝVw AÝ`m|Ho$ dmŠ`me`H$mo CÕ¥V{H$`m Om ahm h¡, Bg VÏ`Ho$ ÚmoVZmW© h¡. J«ÝWH$maZo à‘mUdMZV`m {H$grdMZH$mo CÕ¥V {H$`m hmo Vmo `WmepŠV CgHo$ ‘yb gÝX ©H$mo ImoOZoH$m AmJ«hAdí` hr {Z^m`m h¡ VWm `mdÀN>Š` gmdYmZr ~aVVo hþdo g^r à‘mUV`mCÕ¥V dmŠ`mË‘H$ dMZm|H$mo ""...'' ( ) Bg Vah XoZoH$m à`mg {H$`m h¡ Am¡aà‘mUV`m CÕ¥V nXm| "...' Bg Vah.

O¡go {H$ nhbo hr ñnï>Vm H$a Xr-ñd § J«ÝWH$maÛmam Vmo Xmo hr n[aÀN>oXm|‘|à{VnmÚ{df`H$mo Bg J«ÝW‘| {d^m{OV {H$`m J`m Wm. Cgo H$ëbmob Am¡a Va§Jmo‘| {d^m{OV H$aZoH$m, Mmho wŠV hmo A wŠV, gånmXH$s` ñdmVÝÍ` ‘¢Zo {b`m

h¡. Bggo H$ht J«ÝWme`Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU‘| H$ht-H$moB© AÝ`Wm^md hþdm hmo VmoJ«ÝWH$ma Ed§ {dk nmR>H$ Bgo j‘mh© ‘mZ|Jo Š`m|{H$ ‘oam CÔoí` Ho$db J«ÝWJ«pÝWAm|H$mogwbPmZo âH$m ahm h¡.

AmYma^yV ‘mV¥H$mAm|H$m n[aM` VWm BZH$s µOoamoŠg à{V àXmZH$aZodmbm|H$m CnH$mañ‘aU :

àñVwV J«ÝW ‘yb g§ñH¥$V^mfm‘| ‘oar OmZH$mar‘| Vmo Xmo ~ma hr ‘w{ÐV hþdmh¡ Am¡a BZ XmoZm| hr g§ñH$aUm|H$m ‘¢Zo H$ I nmR>V`m AmYma yV gm‘J«rHo$ ê$n‘|Cn`moJ {b`m h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm EH$ ~ma JwOamVr ^mfmZwdmXHo$ gmW Ho$ gmWAm¡a Xmo ~ma {hÝXr ^mfm‘| BgH$m A§eV… gmamZwdmX ^r àH$m{eV hþdm h¡. BÝh|‘¢Zo AmYma yV gm‘J«rHo$ ê$n‘| boZm Amdí`H$ Zht g‘Pm.

I nmR> : àñWmZaËZmH$a J«ÝWH$m gd©àW‘ àH$m{eV g§ñH$aU dmamUgrH$sMm¡I§ m g§ñH¥$V grarµO‘| 144 Am¡a 145 `m| Xmo {H$íVm|‘| gZ² 1909 Ho${Xgå~a Am¡a 1910 Ho$ OZdar ‘mgm|‘| hþdm. Bg g§ñH$aUHo$ gånmXH$ npÊS>VlraËZJmonmb ^Å> Wo. BÝhm|Zo gàH$me AUw mî`, gmdaU §J VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY,^pŠV‘mV©ÊS>, ewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>-à‘o aËZmU©d, {dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z, Hw$N> gw~mo{YZrHo$ A§e`m| dmëb^ gåàXm`Ho$ AZoH$ J«ÝWH$m| BXåàW‘V`m àH$m{eV H$aZoH$m ‘§JbmMaU{H$`m Wm. `h g§ñH$aU {Og ‘mV¥H$mH$mo ‘yb AmYma ~Zm H$a àH$Q> hþdm Cgoh‘Zo Am nmR>Ho$ ê$n‘| Bg àñVwV g§ñH$aU‘| g§Ho${VV {H$`m h¡. Bg‘| J«ÝWH$maÛmamOmo‹S>r J`r {Q>ßn{U`m§ Am¡a emoY{ZH$mAm| H$mo, gånmXH$Zo H$Xm{MV² J«ÝWH$maHo${ZO hñVmjam|H$mo nhMmZ Z nmZoHo$ H$maU, Omo‹S>Zm Amdí`H$ Zht g‘Pm. AV…H$B© ñWbm|na ~S>r H${R>ZmB© m§ Bg J«ÝWH$mo XoIZona gm‘Zo AmVr h¢.

H$ nmR> : `h g§ñH$aU V~ ‘w§~B© Ebq’$ñQ>Z hmB©ñHy$bHo$ gr{ZAag§ñH¥$VmÜ`mnH$ lr‘JZbmb JUn{V emñÌrÛmam gånm{XV h¡. lrdëb^mãX435 ‘| VXZwgma gZ² 1912Ho$ Amgnmg {ZU© gmJa àog ‘w§~B©‘| ‘w{ÐV hþdm Wm.Bg‘| `Ú{n nmX{Q>ßnUr VWm emoY{ZH$mAm|H$mo Vmo g‘m{dï> {H$`m J`m naÝVwH$m¡Z gr nmX{Q>ßnUr {H$g ‘mV¥H$mHo$ AmYmana br Am¡a H$m¡Z gr ñd § CZH$sgånmXH$s` {Q>ßnUr h¢, Bg {df`H$s H$moB© ^r gyMZm Bg g§ñH$aU‘| H$ht ^r

14 15

CnbãY Zht hmoVr. Bg‘| Xmogo Vmo A{YH$ hr ‘mV¥H$mAm|H$m AmYma {b`m J`mWm, Eogm nmR> oXHo$ CëboIHo$ H$maU AZw‘mZ hmoVm h¡. Bggo A{YH$, {H$ÝVw,H$moB© gyMZm {‘b Zht nmVr. d¡go h‘H$mo Omo ‘mV¥H$m | àmßV hþ r CZ‘| J nmR>Ho$ gmW BgHo$ nmR> àm`… {‘bVo-OwbVo AmVo h¢.

A nmR> : `h ‘mV¥H$m ñd`§ J«ÝWH$maHo$ hñVmjam|‘| {bpIV gåà{VgånyUm©ZÝX dmamUgo g§ñH¥$V {díd{dÚmb`ñW gañdVr^dZHo$ J«ÝWg§J«hH$s{ddaUnpÄOH$mHo$ gßV‘^mJ‘| Bg Vah CpëbpIV h¢ :

H«$‘g§»`m 27234 n¥îR> 1-82, AmH$ma 10.1x4.3, n§pŠV g§»`m 11,Aja g§»`m 44, {b{n… Xo.Zm. AmYma H$mJO, nyU©, à‘mUn[aÀN>oX².

H«$‘g§»`m 27402 n¥îR> 1-27, AmH$ma 10x4.4, n§pŠV g§»`m 15, Ajag§»`m 58, {b{n… Xo.Zm. AmYma H$mJO, AnyU©, à‘o n[aÀN>oX².

`h Cgr g§J«hH$m ^mJ h¡ Omo lrnwéfmoÎm‘OrZo AnZo {à` {eî` VH©$nÄMmZZlrdoUrXÎm ^Å>mMm © H$mo oOr Wr, Eogm CëboI AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©VàhñVdmXHo$ gånmXH$ lrh[ae§H$a Am|H$maOr emñÌrOrZo AnZo gånmXH$s`‘|{H$`m h¡. EH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU© VÏ` Omo Bg ‘mV¥H$mHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona gm‘ZoAmVm h¡ dh `h h¡ {H$ `h àñWmZaËZmH$aH$s gd©àW‘ hñV{bpIV à{V h¡.Š`m|{H$ Bg ‘mV¥H$m‘| {Og Vahgo {Q>ßnUr Am¡a emoY{ZH$mAm|H$mo n¥ð>Ho$ Mmam| Am¡aOmo‹S>m J`m h¡, dh {ÛVr` boIZ‘| H$W‘{n gå^d Zht. g§J«hmb`Ho$ A{Yð>mVmZoAVrd Am¡Xm`©^md àH$Q> H$aVo hþdo h‘| BgH$s µOoamoŠg BgHo$ AmYmanaJ«ÝWg§emoYZmW© AZw‘{V àXmZ H$s Wr. `h dñVwV… ~hmoV ~‹S>m CnH$ma h‘mamBg g§ñWmHo$ Ûmam hþdm h¡.

Am nmR> : `h dh ‘mV¥H$m h¡ Omo I nmR>H$s AmYma yV gm‘J«r Wr. gåà{V`h ‘w§~B©{díd{dÚmb`Ho$ J«ÝWmJmaH$s g§J«hgy{M‘| gm‘mÝ` H«$‘g§»`m 954VWm J«ÝWàmpßV-g§»`m 116.13 Ho$ ê$n‘| CpëbpIV h¡. O¡gm {H$ h‘Zo nhbo~Vm {X`m BgH$m AZw{b{nH$ma Vmo AÝ` H$moB© h¡ naÝVw àmaå^‘| Am¡a AÝV‘|J«ÝWH$maHo$ {ZO hñVmjam|‘| {Q>ßn{U`m§ VWm emoY{ZH$m | h¢. BZ‘| go Hw$N> VmoEogr h¢ Omo A ‘mV¥H$mHo$ boIZHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$maZo `mo{OV H$aZr Mmhr h¢, Š`m|{H$A nmR>H$s emoY{ZH$mAm|H$mo Vmo Bg‘| ‘ybJ«ÝW‘| g‘m{dï> H$a {b`m J`m h¡.

BgrHo$ AmYmana lraËZJmonmb ^Å>Zo I nmR>H$m g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$`m Wm.BgH$mo XoIZona hr `h ^r nmVm Mbm {H$ A ‘mV¥H$m‘| Omo nmR> CnbãY Zhth¢ do ñd § J«ÝWH$maÛmam níMmX² AmbopIV g§emoYZ `m n[adY©Z h¢. bJVm h¡ {H$`h à{V gå^dV… `moJr JmonoídaOrHo$ {eî` lrÛmaHo$eOrHo$ Ûmam dmamUgrñWewÕmÛ¡V‘mV©ÊS>H$ma lr{J[aYaOrH$mo {‘br hm|Jr. Š`m|{H$ BZHo$ AmñWmZnpÊS>Vlram‘H ¥ $ îU Z oVH o $hñVmjam |‘ | ""lrdëb^mMm` ©H w $bm o ËnÝZlr‘X² XwZmWHw$bOb{YH$bmYa lr‘X²Jwé{J[aYaMaUma{dÝXÛÝÛ‘Ywnm`‘mZ‘mZgoZZoVmonZm‘H${dëhmZm{Q>V¡b“OmVr`JmoHw$bJ«m‘ñWdmamUgrnwa{Zdm{gam‘H¥$îU^Å>ñ oX§nwñVH$‘²'' Eogm ‘mV¥H$mHo$ ApÝV‘ n¥ð>na {bIm hþdm {‘bVm h¡. `h à{V BZH$snËZrHo$ nmggo "JwOamVr' nÌH$s bm`~«oarHo$ g§MmbH$ lrBÀN>mam‘ gy ©am‘ ^mB©Ho$npÊS>V lrBÝÐOrV H$mbrXmgÛmam ‘w§~B© bm`r J`r Wr Eogm ^r CëboI {‘bVmh¡. ~mX‘| CZHo$ CÎmam{YH$m[a`m|Ûmam ‘w§~B©{díd{dÚmb`Ho$ J«ÝWmJmaH$mo |Q>ê$n‘|Xo Xr J`r. gåà{V ‘w§~B© {d.{d.J«ÝWmJmaHo$ J«ÝWnmb VWm AÝ` r A{YH$m[aAm|Ho$CXma gh`moJde BgH$s µOoamoŠg à{V h‘| J«ÝWg§emoYZmW© àmßV hmo nm`r.

J nmR> : Bg ‘mV¥H$mHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona Omo EH$ CëboIZr` VÏ`Ñ{ï>JmoMa hþdm dh `h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| Vrgar ~ma J«ÝWH$maZo Hw$N> g§emoYZ-n[adY©Z{H$ o h¢. H$h Zht gH$Vo Bg‘| {bpIV hñVmja ñd § J«ÝWH$maHo$ h¢ `m CZHo$hr hñVmjam| O¡go AÝ` {H$gr AZw{b{nH$maHo$. `h ‘mV¥H$m h‘| {ZË`brbmpñWVJmoñdm{‘lr aUN>mo‹S>mMm © àW‘oeOrZo H¥$nm H$aHo$ àXmZ H$s Wr. ñd § CZHo$g§J«hH$s h¡ `m AÝ` {H$grHo$ g§J«hH$s `h kmV Zht hmo nm`m.

K nmR> : h ‘mV¥H$m Aew{Õ~hþb h¡. Am¡a h r {Z.br.Jmo.lraUN>mo‹S>mMm ©àW‘oeOrÛmam àmßV hþ r Wr. ñd § CZHo$ g§J«hH$s h¡ `m AÝ` {H$grHo$ g§J«hH$s`h kmV hmo Zht nm`m.

L> nmR> : `h ‘mV¥H$m amOñWmZ àmÀ` {dÚm g§ñWmZ‘| H«$‘g§»`m 28946V`m n§OrH¥$V h¡. Bg ‘mV¥H$mH$s µOoamoŠg à{V h‘| Bg g§ñWmHo$ A{YH$m[a`m|Ho$CXma gh`moJde CnbãY hþ r. `h à‘mUn[aÀN>oX n ©ÝV hr CnbãY hmoVr h¡.

16 17

M nmR> : `h OyZmJ‹T>go Jmoñdm‘r lr{H$emoaMÝÐOrHo$ CXma gh`moJdeCZHo$ g§J«hH$s µOoamoŠg à{V h¡. `h ^r à‘mUn[aÀN>oX n ©ÝV hr CnbãY hmoVrh¡.

BVZr gmar ‘mV¥H$mAm|Ho$ AmYmana nmR>ôXm|H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aZm ‘wPgoEH$m{H$V`m Vmo eŠ` hmo Zht nmVm. AV… nmR> oX{ZYm©aUmW© g^r ‘mV¥H$mAm|Ho$ghnR>ZH$s b§~r ~¡R>H$m|‘| Y¡ ©nyd©H$ ~mar-~mar ~¡R>Zodmbo Jmo.lr{H$emoaMÝÐOrJmo.lraKwZmWbmbOr, lrA{gV emh, lr^moJrbmb emh, lra{gH$ emh, lrY‘}ÝÐPmbm, lrOrVw mB© OrdmUr, lrh§g‘wI^mB©, lr{~hmar mB©, lrOJXre, lrA{Zb,lr‘WwamXmg, lr‘hoÝÐ nmbrMm Am{X g^rH$m AWH$ gh`moJ Bg‘| ‘wPo {‘bmh¡. J«ÝW‘| CÕ¥V AmH$adMZm|Ho$ gÝX © ImoOZo VWm CÝh| AH$mam{X H«$‘‘| `mo{OVH$aZo‘| {MaÄOrdr Jmoñdm‘r lreaX² ~mdmH$m gh`moJ ^r dñVwV… CëboIZr` ahmh¡. J«ÝWHo$ AmdaH$n¥ð>H$m {MÌg§ moOZ lr{H$aU R>ŠH$aZo {H$`m h¡. ‘oao g^ràH$meZm|H$s Vah Bg‘| ^r H$åß wQ>a‘| goqQ>J, ‘wÐU Am{X g^r VahH$s Xm¡‹S>^mJH$aZodmbo lr‘Zrf ~mamB© Am{X g^r ‘oao gh`mo{J`m|na lr‘hmà wH$m ew m{e©dmXgd©Xm Eogm hr ~Zm aho {H$ Eogr J«ÝWgodm o g^r gXm H$aVo hr ah| Eogrew^H$m‘ZmHo$ gmW...

Xrnmdbr {d.g§.2055 Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha(‘w§~B©-{H$eZJ‹T>)

*J«ÝW‘| à{Vnm{XV {df`H$m g§{jßV n[aM`*

CnHy$bn[aM` : àñWmZaËZmH$aHo$ à‘mUn[aÀN>oXHo$ àW‘ H$ëbmobHo$ AÝVJ©V AmÚ Va§Jgo

^r nyd© CnH«$‘‘|, {Ogo h‘Zo "CnHy$b' erf©H$ XoZm "aËZmH$a' nXH$s g§J{VHo${dMmago C{MV g‘Pm, J«ÝWH$ma Bg J«ÝWHo$ ~«÷gyÌmZwH$mar hmoZoHo$ {ZXe©ZmW©,gd©àW‘, à‘mU à‘o gmYZ VWm ’$b `m| MVwYm© {dMmaH$s à{Vkm H$aVo h¢.

doXmÝV{MÝVZ ‘ybV… Cn{ZfXm{X emñÌm|Ho$ à‘o H$s ‘r‘m§gm hmoZogo lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-gyÌ-nwamUm{X emñÌr` eãXm|Ho$ àm‘mÊ`H$m CnOrdr {MÝVZ h¡.

emñÌr` eãXm|H$m `h àW‘ Ed§ na‘ à‘mU hmoZm ñd § CZ‘| {dg§dmXCËnÝZ hmoZona Hw$pÊR>V hmo gH$Vm h¡. AV… emñÌHo$ {d{^ÝZ dMZm|‘| g‘Ýd`ñWm{nV hmo nmò, Eogr Cnn{ÎmAm|H$mo emñÌàm‘mÊ`g§ajUmW© ImoOZm hrdoXmÝV{MÝVZ‘| à‘wI nwéfmW© {gÕ hmoVm h¡. emñÌm|Ho$ {d{^ÝZ dMZm|‘| {dg§dmXCËnÝZ hmoZona do nañna~mYH$ ~Z Om |Jo Am¡a CZHo$Ûmam àH$Q> hmoVm kmZ ^rnañna~m{YV kmZ {gÕ hmo Om oJm. n[aUm‘V… ""gd©Zmeo g‘wËnÝZo AYª ËÒ{VnpÊS>V…'' Ý`m`Ho$ AZwgaUÛmam EH$ dMZH$m `WmlwVmW©àm‘mÊ` Am¡a AnadMZH$m bjUm `m Jm¡Ur d¥{ÎmAm|H$m ghmam boH$a àm‘mÊ`{Zdm©h H$aZm n‹S>oJm.Bg gÝX ©‘|, naÝVw, lre§H$amMm ©Ho$ AYmo{Z{X©ï> CX²Jma àË oH$ doXmÝVmW©{OkmgwHo${b o gd©Xm A{dñ‘aUr` hmoVo h¢:

(1)`Îmw CŠV§ ""n[a{ZînÝZËdmX² ~«÷{U à‘mUmÝVam{Ugå^do w…'' B{V VX{n ‘ZmoaW‘mÌ§, ê$nmÚ^mdmX² {h Z A`‘² AW©…àË`jñ` Jm oMa…, {b“mÚ^mdmV ² M Z AZw‘mZmXrZm‘ ²,AmJ‘‘mÌg‘{YJåÈdVw A`‘² AWm} Y‘©dV² (~«.gy.^m.2&1&6).

(2)^¥ËòVw ñdm{‘^¥Ë`ôXñ` àË`jËdmX² CnnÝZmo Jm¡U…"AmË‘'eãXmo-""‘‘mË‘m`§ ^ÐgoZ…'' B{V. A{nM Šd{MX² Jm¡U…

18 19

eãXmo Ñï>B{V ZM EVmdVm eãXà‘mUHo$ AW} Jm¡UrH$ënZm Ý`mæ`mgd©Ì AZmídmgàg“mV². (~«.gy.^m.1&1&7).

AV… doXmon{ZfXm{X emñÌm|Ho$ eãX¡H$Jå` VmËn ©H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aZo‘| {H$grEH$ emñÌdMZHo$ A{^{hVmW©H$mo bm¡{H$H$ àË`j `m AZw‘mZ go nhbo ~m{YV{gÕ H$aHo$ ~mX‘| bjUm `m Jm¡Ur d¥{ÎmH$m ghmam boH$a ñdmä wnoV VmËn`m©ZwgmadmŠ`mW© moOZm H$aZm emñÌr` eãXm|‘| AZmñWm `m AYm©ñWm H$s hr ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$moCOmJa H$aVm h¡. AV… emñÌr` dMZm|H$m nañna g‘pÝdV hmoZm doXmÝVì`m»`mZHo${b o àmUXm`H$ ~b O¡gm VÏ` h¡. `h lre§H$amMm ©go boH$a nadVu g^rdoXmÝVì`m»`mVmAm|H$mo ‘mÝ` Zr{V ahr h¡. AVEd lr‘ÜdmMm © ^r `hr ~mV~‹S>o Omoaemoago Kmo{fV H$aVo h¢:

F$JmX`íM MËdma… nÄMamÌ§ M ^maV‘²&‘yb§ am‘mÙ§ ~«÷gyÌ§ ‘mZ§ ñdV… ñ‘¥V‘²&&A{déÕÝVw `Îdñ` à‘mU§ VÀM ZmÝ`Wm&EVX²{déÕ§ `Îmw ñ`mÝZ VÝ‘mZ§ H$WÄMZ&&d¡îUdm{Z nwamUm{Z nÄMamÌmË‘H$ËdV…&à‘mUmÝ od ‘ÝdmÚm… ñ‘¥V`mo@ß`ZwHy$bV…&&.........................................&`Xod dmMH§$ emñÌ§ V{Õ emñÌ§ na§ ‘V‘²&&{ZU© m ¡d `ËàmoŠV§ ~«÷gyÌÝVw {dîUwZm&ì`mgê$noU VX² J«mh² §..................&&Vñ‘mV² gyÌmW©‘mJ¥h² H$V©ì`… gd©{ZU© …&(‘.^m.Vm.{Z.1&30-44)EH$ñ`m{n {h eãXñ` Jm¡UmW©ñdrH¥$Vm¡ gVm‘²&‘hVr Om`Vo bÁOm `Ì VÌmpIbm adm…&&A‘w»`mWm© B{V dXZ² `ñVÝ‘mJm©Zwd{V©Zm‘²&

H$W§ Z Om`Vo bÁOm dŠVw§ emãXËd‘mË‘Z…&&(AZwì`m.1&1&5).

AV… AnZo BZ nyd©dVu doXmÝVì`m»`mVmAm|H$s doXmÝVì`m»`mZgå~ÝYrKmo{fV Zr{VAm|Ho$ AZwê$n hr ‘hmà w O~ Eogr hr KmofUm H$aVo h¢ {H$-

àË`jmÑï>{df o nXmWm©… lw{V~mo{YVm…&nañna§ {déÕmñVo Z¡H$eof§ ÔpÝV {h&C^`mod£{XH$ËdoZ H$… ñ`mX² AÌ {Z`m‘H$…?&&{dMmaH$mZm§ ~w{ÕñVw gmonOrì`m lwVo… gXm&&..........................................&`Wm gdm©{damoY… ñ`mÎmW¡dmÌ {dMmaU‘²&gd©ê$ng‘W©Ëd‘² AVmo ~«÷{U Jr`Vo&&AÝ`Wm à{V^mZ§ `X² CÀMZrMm{X oXV…&VX² ^mZ§ Vñ` H$Vm© M h[aaod VWm{dY…&

(gw~mo.2&9&32)

Vmo ‘hmà wZo ^r AnZr doXmÝVì`m»`mZH$s Eogr ar{V-Zr{V gwñnï> H$aHo$doXmÝVJmoð>r‘| H$moB© AlwVnyd© YmaUm àH$Q> H$a Xr hmo Eogm ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vmh¡.

àñVwV J«ÝWH$ma lrnwéfmoÎm‘Or ^r, AVEd, J«ÝWmaå^‘| hr eãX~bH$sMMm© CR>m H$a VwaV hr H$hVo h¢ {H$ "à‘mU' eãXH$m EH$ AW© Vmo A~m{YV `m~mY`mo½`ì`{V[aŠV kmZ hmoVm h¡. Bgo hr "à‘m' `m "à{‘{V' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡.

"à‘mU' eãXH$m Xygam AW© hmoVm h¡ : {OZ eãX àË`j AZw‘mZ Am{XCnm`m|go Eogm kmZ àH$Q> hmoVm hmo d¡go Cnm`. BÝh| "à‘mU' `m "à{‘{VH$aU'^r H$hm OmVm h¡.

20 21

CŠV A~m{YVkmZ AWdm ~mY`mo½`ì`{V[aŠVkmZ ê$nr Xmo oXm|Ho$ H$maU,kmZHo$ H$aU `m Cnm` ^r Xmo VahHo$ ñdrH$maZo n‹S>Vo h¢. AV… Bg nhbwH$mo ñnï>H$aZoHo${bò gd©àW‘ kmZHo$ Xe{dY ê$nm|H$m {Zê$nU à‘mUn[aÀN>oXmÝVJ©VàW‘ H$ëbmob‘| H$aZm J«ÝWH$maH$mo A{^b{fV h¡.

à‘mHo$ ñdê$nH$mo g‘PZo‘| Cn`moJr kmZHo$ ôXmonôXm|H$mo g‘PmZodmboàW‘ H$ëbmobH$m gma :

1.Xe{dYkmZH$m {Zê$nU : Bg àW‘ H$ëbmob‘| Mma Va§J| h¢, {OZ‘|goAmÚ Va§J‘| à‘mHo$ ñdê$nH$mo g‘PmZoHo${b o kmZHo$ {ZË`kmZ Am¡a A{ZË`kmZEogo Xmo àH$ma {XIbm o J o h¢. {ZË`kmZHo$ nwZ… Mma AdmÝVa Am¡a A{ZË`kmZHo$N>h `m| Hw$b Xg àH$ma {XIbm o J o h¢ :

(1){ZË`kmZHo$ AÝVJ©V gd©àW‘ Vmo ""gË § kmZ‘² AZÝV§~«÷'', ""Ah‘mË‘m JwS>mHo$e gd© yVme`… pñWV…'', ""g AmË‘mñdml`ml`…'' O¡go lw{V JrVm ^mJdVm{X emñÌdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana{ZpIb MoVZmMoVZg¥{ï>H$s CËn{Îm pñW{V Am¡a b` H$m EH$‘odm{ÛVrÀ{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ H$maU Vmo gd©ê$n gdm©Ë‘m gdm©ÝV`m©‘r gdm©l`gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷H$mo hr g‘PZm Mm{hò. Omo Hw$N> àË`jmàË`j‘yVm©‘yV© MbmMb ZídamZída h¡, dh Bgr A{dH$mar MoVZVÎdH$mZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ {dñVma h¡. AV… OrdMoVZmH$mo ^r Bgrna‘MoVZmH$s A§empË‘H$m A{^ì`pŠV g‘P boZr Mm{h o.

(2){ÛVr` àH$maV`m Bg Eogr MoVZm‘| O~ {H$gr ñdg§H$ënmoËWñdoVa {df`H$m àH$meZ hmoVm h¡ V~ Cg ñd §àH$meê$nm MoVZm‘|naàH$meZgm‘Ï ©ê$n Y‘©H$m ^r ~moY hmoVm h¡. `h Y‘©ê$n MoVZm hremãXr à‘mH$s ~rOê$nm hmoVr h¡. ^J(ñd^md{gÕ An[apÀN>ÝZEoíd © dr © è lr kmZ d¡am½`)dmZ²‘| Vmo `h ñdV…{gÕ ahVr h¡;naÝVw, ~«÷m§e yV OrdMoVZm‘| ^Jd{XÀN>`m `Wm`W Ý yZm{YH$V`màH$Q> `m AàH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡.

(3)V¥Vr` àH$maV`m nma‘mpË‘H$ MoVZm‘| O~ nydm}ŠV àH$magoZm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘Zm AnZo-AmnH$mo AZoH$ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> H$aZoH$m g§H$ënCR>Vm h¡, V~ CŠV g§H$ënmZwê$n doXmË‘H$ kmZg‘{ï> Omo àH$Q> hmoVrh¡, Cg ê$n‘| g‘PZm Mm{h o.

(4)MVwW© àH$maV`m Cg g‘{ï>‘|go VÎmV² eãXê$n ì`{ï>kmZàH$Q> hmoVo h¢. BZ XmoZm| Vrgao Am¡a Mm¡Wo àH$maHo$ kmZm|H$mo ‘ybV…^JdXm{lV {ZË`kmZê$nm nam-dmUrHo$ g‘{ï>ê$n Am¡a ì`{ï>ê$ng‘PZo Mmqh o. Am¡a Š`m|{H$ OrdMoVZm nma‘mpË‘H$ MoVZmH$s hrA§empË‘H$m A{^ì`pŠV h¡, AV… ~«÷mZw y{Va{hV OrdMoVZm‘| `hnam dmUr A§emË‘Zm hr AZwJV `m àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡.

Bg à{H«$`mH$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZona BVZm Vmo ñnï> hmo hr OmVm h¡ {H$ ñd-na-àH$meZê$nm MoVZm AnZo {ZOê$n‘| Z Vmo AMoVZÐì`m|H$m Ho$db H$moB©g§KmV Amaå^ `m n[aUm‘ ê$nr H$m © h¡ Am¡a Z `h H$moB© {ZY©‘©H$-{Z{d©eof gÎmmhr Ho$db h¡. ñdàH$meZmW© ñdoVamZnojr Y‘uÛmam O~ naàH$meZ hmoVm h¡ V~CgH$s gY‘©H$Vm ^r àH$Q> hmo hr OmVr h¡.

A{ZË`kmZHo$ N>h AdmÝVa àH$ma `m| {XIbm o J o h¢. `Wm: (1)nam dmUr O~ Bg g¥{ï>‘| OrdHo$ ^rVa gm‘mÝ`V`m

{df`MoVZm `m naàH$meZgm‘Ï © Ho$ ê$n‘| A{^ì`ŠV hmoVr h¡ VmoCgo à‘o`m{lV `m {df`ñ’w$aUmË‘H$ kmZ g‘PZm Mm{hò. Bgà‘o m{lV kmZH$m AZÝV{dY hmoZm hr BgH$s EH$ {dYm h¡. CpëbpIV{ZË`kmZHo$ AÝVJ©V V¥Vr` H$mo{Q>Ho$ kmZ Am¡a Bg A{ZË`kmZHo$ Ho$~rM à‘wI VmaVå` `h h¡ {H$ dh gd©{df`àH$meZê$n kmZ hmoVmh¡, O~{H$ `h AZÝVmZÝV {df`m|Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$gr EH$hr {df`H$mAWdm EH$m {YH$ {df` hm oZ ona CZH o $ EH$ g‘ yhH$ mhràH$meZ(sensation)ê$n kmZ hmoVm h¡. Bg VahHo$ kmZ‘| Ho$db{df`md^mgZ `m {df`ñ’w$aU H$s àYmZVm ahVr h¡, O~{H$ ñd §{df`r kmZ `hm§ Jm¡U^mdmnÝZ ahVm h¡. AWm©V² Bg ñVana {H$grVahH$m {dH$ënmÜ`dgm` (cognition) Câ Zht nmVm Vmo

22 23

{ddoMZmË‘H$ kmZ (cogitation) H$m Vmo àíZ hr Aàmg§{JH$ hmoOmVm h¡.

`hr g{df`H$ kmZ OrdMoVZm‘| àYmZ^mdmnÝZ hmoZona "ní`ÝVr' Zm{‘H$mAdñWmH$mo àmßV H$aHo$ "à‘mÌm{lVkmZ' H$hbmVm h¡. Bgo Ho$db {df`àH$meZHo$ê$n‘| Zht àË wV {df`àH$meZHo$ AZwì`dgm`mW© gj‘ {df`àH$meZ g‘PZmMm{h o. Eogo Bg à‘mÌm{lV kmZ‘| ~mh² mä`ÝVa H$aU{Zanoj OrdH$s Ho$dbMoVZmg‘W© hmo Zht gH$Vr. AV… ~mh² H$aUê$nm nÄM{dY kmZopÝÐ`m|H$s ghm`Vmgo`h H$m © OrdMoVZm‘| gånÝZ hmoVm h¡.

(2.H$)AV… nm§M kmZopÝÐ`m|go OÝ` hmoZogo Xe©Z ldU AmK«mUAmñdmXZ VWm ñne©Z ê$n BgHo$ nm§M àH$ma ~Z OmVo h¢. Bgo{Z{d©H$ënH$ {df`àË`j g‘PZm Mm{h o.

AÝV…H$aUH$mo, ‘Z ~w{Õ Ah§H$ma VWm {MÎm `m|, MVwJ«©pÝW ‘mZm OmVmhmoZogo à‘mÌm{lV kmZ BZ AmÝV[aH$ H$aUm|de ^r AbJ-AbJ ê$n YmaUH$aVm h¡. `Wm:

(2/I)‘ZmoOÝ` kmZ A{ZíM`mË‘H$ m g§H$ën-{dH$ënmË‘H$hmoVm h¡.

(2/J)~w{ÕOÝ` kmZHo$ AZoH${dY àH$mam|‘| gd©àW‘ Vmo EH$earam{^‘{V hr AmVr h¡. Xygao àH$mam|‘| 1g§H$ën-{dH$ënmË‘H$‘Z…gh wŠV ~w{Õ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr g§e`mH$m[aH$m ~w{Õd¥{Îm, 2BpÝÐ`Ûmamgm‘mÝ`kmZHo$ ~mX àH$Q> hmoVr {dn`m©gmpË‘H$m ~w{Õd¥{Îm,3BpÝÐ`mW©g§{ZH$f©Ho$ ~mX `WmWm©Ü`dgm`ê$nm ~w{Õd¥{Îm, 4nydm©Zw yV{df`g§ñH$mam|Ho$ ~w{Õ‘| C×þÕ hmoZona àH$Q> hmoVr ñ‘¥Ë`mpË‘H$m ~w{Õd¥{Îm,Bgr Vah 5nydm©Zw y{VOÝ` g§ñH$mam{X hoVwAm|Ho$ demV² ~wÕçwnñWm{nV

nXmWm]H$s AmÝV[aH$ AZw y{Vê$nm ñdßZmpË‘H$m ~w{Õd¥{Îm ^r {JZm`rJ`r h¢.

(2/K)Ah§H$maOÝ` kmZ‘| gd©àW‘ Vmo Ah‘mpË‘H$m AZw y{VOmo OmJ«XdñWmgo ñdßZmdñWm n ©ÝV AjwÊU ahVr h¡ Am¡a XygaoñdßZkmZdmbr ~w{Õd¥{Îm ^r Ah§H$maHo$ gh`moJdemV² hr CËnÝZhmoVr h¡.

(2/L>){MÎmOÝ` kmZ‘| Vmo {ZOmË‘mHo$ Abmdm AÝ` H$moB© ^r{df` ^m{gV Zht hmoVm. AWm©V² `h AmË‘¡H${df`H$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡agwfwßVmdñWm‘| hr àH$Q> hmo nmVm h¡.

A{ZË`kmZHo$ o N>hm| àH$ma {dOmVr` H$maUgm‘J«rdemV² `Wm`W CËnÝZ-Zï> Vmo hmoVo ahVo h¢; {’$a^r, AÝ`‘Vm|H$s Vah dmëb^ ‘V‘| BZ (1) VWm (2/H$-2/L>) àH$maHo$ kmZm|H$mo {ÌjUmdñWm`r Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. OÝ`kmZHo$ BZàH$mam|Ho$ O{ZV hmo OmZona Vmo eãX Am¡a {df` CÔrnH$ ~Z OmVo h¢. AÝ`WmAO{ZV hmoZona eãX Am¡a {df` OZZgm‘J«rê$n H$maU ~ZVo h¢. g§jon‘| Bg{Zê$nUHo$ gmW Xe{dY kmZ{Zê$nH$ AmÚ Va§J g‘mßV hmoVr h¡.

2.~wÕçm{lVkmZ{Zê$nH$ {ÛVr` Va§J : BgHo$ ~mX AmVr {ÛVr` Va§J‘|J«ÝWH$ma ~wÕçm{lV kmZHo$ {Ì{dY àH$mam|Ho$ à{VnmXZmW© àd¥Îm hþdo h¢. kmZHo${d{dY àH$mam|Ho$ àmH$Q²>çmW© OrdMoVZm ~mh² mä`ÝVa H$aUm|, AWm©V² n§MkmZopÝÐÀm¡a MVw{d©Y AÝV…H$aU, Ho$ gm{Mì`Ho$ {~Zm ñdV… Vmo gj‘ hmo Zht gH$Vr.Am¡a o gmao CnH$aU, OrdMoVZmH$mo, {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m O‹S>àH¥${VH$s AZoH$ê$nmn[aU{VdemV² hr CnbãY hmoVo h¢. AVEd CnH$aUm|H$s ñdmonmXmZmZwJwU{ÌJwUmË‘H$VmHo$ de kmZHo$ ^r àH$mam|‘| {Ì{dYVm àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¡. Hw$N> kmZgmpÎdH$, Vmo Hw$N> amOg, Vmo AÝ` Hw$N> Vm‘g àH$maHo$ hmoVo h¢. gmpÎdH$kmZA~m{YV `m ~mY`mo½`ì`{V[aŠV kmZ hmoVm h¡. amOgkmZ AÝ`Va-kmZ-~mY-`mo½` kmZ hmoVm h¡. Vm‘gkmZ gmpÎdH$kmZÛmam ~m{YV `m ~mY`mo½` hmoVm h¡.

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^JdX²JrVmHo$ AÇ>mahd| AÜ`m`Ho$ ~rg-BŠH$sg-~mB©gd| íbmoH$m|‘| {‘bVrEVX²{df`H$ {ddoMZmHo$ AmYmana BZ {Ì{dY kmZm|Ho$ nmW©Š`H$mo Bg Vah g‘PmgH$Vm h¡:

(1)Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s AZoH${dYVm‘| ~«m{÷H$ gXÛ¡V `mgXoH${dYVmH$m ^mZ gmpÎdH$kmZH$m ‘w»` ñdê$n h¡.

(2)Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s AZoH${dYVm‘| hr aMr-nMr ahZodmbr~w{Õ‘| amOgkmZ hr àH$Q> hmo nmVm h¡.

(3)AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘|go {H$gr EH$ hr Zm‘, `mEH$ hr ê$n, `m EH$ hr H$‘©, ‘| {ZaÝVa CbPr ahZodmbr ~w{Õ‘| OmokmZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ dh Vm‘g àH$maH$m hr hmoVm h¡.

gÎd-aOmo-V‘mo-JwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${Vgo n¡Xm hmoZodmbo nÄMkmZopÝÐ` Am¡aMVw{d©Y AÝV…H$aU ê$n àmH¥$V CnH$aUm|go {Kar OrdMoVZm‘| M¡VÝ`m§e AàmH¥$Vhr hmoVm h¡. Cg M¡VÝ`Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo kmZ‘|, naÝVw, `h gmpÎdH$VmamOgVm `m Vm‘gVm H$m Omo M[aÌ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ dh Vmo {ÌJwUmË‘H$ CnH$aUm|Ho$Ûmam kmZàmH$Q²>ç‘| gh`moJ àXmZde hr gå^d h¡. Am¡a Bg {ddoMZmHo$ gmW{ÛVr` Va§J g‘mßV hmoVr h¡.

3.bmoH$ì`dhma‘ybH$ g{dH$ënH$kmZH$m {Zê$nU : BgHo$ ~mX AmVrV¥Vr` Va§J‘| J«ÝWH$ma amOgkmZH$s {ddoMZm H$aVo hþdo CgHo$ gd©àW‘ Xmo oXg‘PmVo h¢:

(1){Z{d©H$ënH$kmZ(2)g{dH$ënH$kmZ

(1)àË oH$ amOgkmZ CËnÝZ hmoVm hmoZogo, CgHo$ H$maUV`m Cggo nyd©{Z{d©H$ënH$kmZ àH$Q> hmoVm hr h¡. `h `Ú{n ñd § Vmo gÝ‘mÌmdJmhr hmoZoHo$H$maU ñdV… Vmo gmpÎdH$JwUdmbm hr hmoVm h¡ naÝVw amOgkmZOZH$ hmoZoH$s

{Z`{Vde Bgo amOgkmZV`m {Zê${nV {H$`m OmVm h¡. `h {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZBVZm g‘W© Zht hmoVm {H$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}H$s AZoH${dYVmH$mo Jm¡U ~Zm H$aCZ‘| ñnï>V`m ~«m{÷H$ gXÛ¡VH$m AÜ`dgm` H$am nm o. AV… BVZm {Z~©bgÝ‘mÌmdJmhZ H$aVm hmoZoHo$ H$maU Am¡a AÝVV… amOgkmZgo J«ñV hmo OmZoH$s{Z`{VHo$ H$maU ^r BgH$m amOgkmZH$s H$mo{Q>‘| hr AÝV^m©d C{MV ‘mZm J`mh¡.

(2)BgHo$ ~mX {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZHo$, nyd©‘r‘m§gH$ ~m¡Õ Ho$dbmÛ¡Vr Z¡ m{`H$Am{XH$mo A{^‘V, ñdê$nH$s VwbZmË‘H$ {ddoMZm J«ÝWH$maZo H$s h¡. ~mX‘|g{dH$ënH$kmZH$s {ddoMZm H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr ^r VahHo${deofUgo {d{eï> dñVwH$m O~ BpÝÐÒÝ` kmZ hmoVm h¡, V~ {deofU{df`H$BpÝÐÒÝ`kmZH$mo hoVwV`m ñdrH$maZm hr n‹S>Vm h¡. AVEd {H$gr K‹S>oHo$ gmWZ`Zm|H$m g§gJ© Ow‹S>Vo hr Omo {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZ àH$Q> hmoVm h¡, dhr ~w{ÕJVaOmoJwUgo {‘{lV hmo H$a g{dH$ënH$kmZ‘| n ©d{gV hmo nmVm h¡. AVEd V^rBpÝÐ`g§{ZH¥$ï> K‹S>oHo$ dmMH$ Aly ‘mU "K‹S>m'eãXH$m ñ’w$aU ^r hmoZo bJVm h¡.Bg Vah ""{Ogo "K‹S>m' H$hm OmVm dh `h h¡'' Eogm {d{eï>kmZ CËnÝZ hmoVmh¡. `hr g{dH$ënH$kmZ h¡.

Bg g{dH$ënH$kmZHo$ nwZ… Xmo àH$ma {XIbm o J o h¢ : (1){deofUVmàH$maH$(2)CnbjUVmàH$maH$.

(1)BZ‘| ""`h XÊS>Ymar nwéf h¡'' Eogm kmZ nwéfHo$ XÊS>Ymar hmoZoHo${deofUH$m Ad^mgH$ hmoZogo {deofUVmàH$maH$ g{dH$ënH$kmZ h¡.

(2){H$gr KaH$s N>Vna H$^r H$moB© H$m¡Am ~¡R>m hþdm XrI Om o Vmo ""dhKa {H$ {Ogna H$m¡Am ~¡R>m'' KaH$m Eogm kmZ CnbjUê$n H$m¡EHo$ ~¡R>ZoHo$H$maU àH$Q> hmoVm h¡. Eogo kmZH$mo CnbjUVmàH$maH$ g{dH$ënH$kmZ g‘PmOmVm h¡.

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g{dH$ënH$kmZH$mo EH$ Am¡a Vahgo XoIZona nwZ… Xmo oX `m| {XIbm`r XoVoh¢ : (1){d{eï>~w{Õ (2)g‘yhmbå~Z~w{Õ.

(1)EH$dñVw{deoî`VmH$ kmZ, CXmhaUV`m, ""`h K‹S>m h¡'' AWdm ""`hXÊS>Ymar nwéf h¡'' Eogm kmZ {d{eï>~w{Õ h¡. Š`m|{H$ Ñí`‘mZ EH$dñVw‘| CgHo$K‹S>m hmoZoHo$ àH$maH$m AWdm Ñí`‘mZ EH$nwéf‘| CgHo$ XÊS>Ymar hmoZoHo$ àH$maH$m^mgZ `hm§ AZw yV hmoVm h¡.

(2){ÛVr` g‘yhmbå~Z~w{Õ‘| EH$ kmZ‘| EH$gmW AZoH${df`m|H$m ^mgZAWm©V² `h AZoH$dñVw{deoî`VmH$ EH$kmZ hmoVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m "" o K‹S>mH$n‹S>m Am¡a W§^m h¢'' Eogr AZw^y{V‘| àËòH$H$m n¥WH$-n¥WH$ Zht àË`wVg^rH$m EH$ g‘yhê$noU ^mgZ hmoVm h¡. Bg {ddoMZmHo$ gmW V¥Vr` Va§J g‘mßVhmoVr h¡.

4.nÄM{dY~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$m {Zê$nU : BgHo$ ~mX MVwW© Va§J‘| CpëbpIVamOg g{dH$ënH$kmZHo$ AdmÝVa oXê$noU g§e` {dn`m©g {ZíM` ñ‘¥{V Am¡añdßZ ê${nUr ~ w{ÕH$s nÄM{dY d¥{ÎmAm |H$s {ddoMZm J «ÝWH$maZ o^mJdVV¥Vr`ñH$ÝYHo$ N>ã~rgd| AÜ`m`Ho$ Vrgd| íbmoH$H$s gw~mo{YZr ì`m»`mHo$AmYmana àñVwV H$s h¡. àmH¥$V JwUÌ`m|Ho$ nañna {‘lU `m AÝVJw©UZ Ho$ H$maUg¥{ï>‘| Ho$db gÎdJwUmË‘H$Vm aOmoJwUmË‘H$Vm Am¡a V‘moJwUmË‘H$Vm hr àVrVZht hmoVr; A{nVw, Hw$N> dñVwAm|‘| ‘ybV… gmpÎdH$JwUHo$ ~mdOyX H$^r amOg`m Vm‘g JwUHo$ Amgma r Ñ{ï>JV hmoVo h¢. AV… gmpÎdH$ñd^mddmbr dñVwAm|‘|^r gmpÎdH$-gmpÎdH$ gmpÎdH$-amOg gmpÎdH$-Vm‘g, amOgñd^mddmbrdñVwAm|‘| ^r amOg-gmpÎdH$ amOg-amOg amOg-Vm‘g; Bgr VahVm‘gñd^mddmbr dñVwAm|‘| ^r Vm‘g-gmpÎdH$ Vm‘g-amOg Vm‘g-Vm‘gJwUm|H$s ~hþ{dYVm CnbãY hmoVr h¡. VXZwgma nydm}ŠV amOg g{dH$ënH$kmZ‘|Hw$N> kmZ amOg-gmpÎdH$, Hw$N> kmZ amOg-amOg Am¡a Hw$N> kmZ amOg-Vm‘g JwUm|H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢. VXZwgma g§e`mË‘H$ kmZ amOg-amOg H$mo{Q>H$mhmoVm h¡. {dn`m©g amOg-Vm‘g H$mo{Q>H$m. {ZíM`mË‘H$kmZ amOg-gmpÎdH$H$mo{Q>H$m hmoVm h¡.

(1)~w{ÕHo$ amOg-amOgd¥{Îmê$n g§e`H$s n[a^mfm `m| Xr J`r h¡ : `hEH$ Eogm kmZ h¡ {H$ {Og‘| Y{‘©ê$n dñVwHo$ ~mao‘| nañna {déÕ AZoH$ Y‘©ê$nH$mo{Q>Am|H$m ^mgZ hmoVm h¡. Bg g§e`mË‘H$ kmZHo$ Xmo àH$ma hmoVo h¢ :

(H$)g‘H$mo{Q>H$ : Ohm§ nañna {déÕ g§ñH$ma, nañna {déÕàH$me; AWdm nañna {déÕ eãXm| Ho$ H$maU {H$gr dñVwHo$ ~mao‘|{H$gr EH$Va H$mo{Q>H$m {ZYm©aU Zht hmo nmVm. AV… `hm§ g‘H$mo{Q>H$g§e` ‘mZm OmZm h¡.

BgHo$ nwZ… Xmo AdmÝVa oX hmoVo h¢ :

(H$/1)ewÕ, CXmhaUV`m, Eogm ^mZ {H$ ""nwa…pñWV dñVwMm§Xr h¡ `m Zht''.

(H$/2)g§H$sU© g§e`Ho$ nwZ… Xmo oX hmo OmVo h¢ :

(H$/2/A)gmYmaUY‘©Xe©ZOÝ‘m g§e` V~ hmoVm O~ {H$ÝhtXmo dñVwAm|Ho$ ~rM H$moB© EH$ gmYmaU Y‘© hmo Am¡a Cg Y‘©Ho$AZw d‘| AmZoHo$ H$maU g§e` n¡Xm hmoVm hmo {H$ nwamoÑí`‘mZ dñVwXmo‘|go H$m¡Z gr h¡. CXmhaUV`m gwZgmZ ‘mJ©na amÌrHo$ Yw±YbHo$‘|MbZodmboH$mo H$ht ~m§h| ’¡$bm H$a I‹S>m H$moB© XrIo Vmo dh H$moB© bwQ>oamnwéf h¡ `m d¡gr Xmo S>mbrdmbm no‹S>H$m H$moB© Ry>§R> h¡? `h EH$ O¡grAmH¥${VHo$ H$maU gmYmaUY‘©dmbr Xmo dñVwAm|‘|go gm‘Zo H$moZgrdñVw h¡ BgH$m {ZYm©aU Z hmo nmZm gmYmaUY‘©Ho$ Xe©ZHo$ H$maU n¡XmhmoVm g§e` h¡.

(H$/2/Am)Xmo nañna {déÕ ‘mÝ`Vm `m {dYmZm| Ho$ H$maUàH$Q> hmoVr {dà{Vn{Îm‘| {H$gr EH$VaHo$ gM hmoZoH$m {ZíM` O~ Z

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hmo nmVm hmo V~ {dà{Vn{ÎmOÝ‘m g§e` hmoVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m nm{W©dna‘mUw {ZË` hmoVo h¢ `m A{ZË`? BgH$m {ZíM` Z hmo nmZm. Š`m|{H$Ý`m`‘VHo$ AZwgma {ZË` hmoVo h¢ naÝVw AÝ` ‘Vm|Ho$ AZwgma A{ZË`.BZ XmoZm| YmaUmAm|‘|go H$m¡Z gr YmaUm àm‘m{UH$ h¡ BgH$m A{ZYm©a"{dà{Vn{ÎmOÝ‘m g§e`' H$hbmVm h¡.

(I)CËH$Q>H$mo{Q>H$ g§e` V~ hmoVm h¡ O~ {H$gr EH$ dñVwHo$~mao‘| nañna {déÕ Xmo H$mo{Q>Am|‘|go {H$gr EH$H$mo{Q>H$s kmZOZH$gm‘J«rAm¡a g§ñH$ma Ho$ à~b hmoZona ^r AÝ`H$mo{Q>H$m ^r {ZagZ Z hmo nmVmhmo. AV… g§e` ~Zm ahVm hmo. O~ h‘| H$moB© gå^mdZm à~b bJVrh¡ Vmo Cgo ^r CËH$Q>H$mo{Q>H$ g§e` hr g‘P boZm Mm{hò.A{Zï>àg§OZmË‘H$ VH©$ AWm©V² ì`mß`Ho$ AmamonÛmam ì`mnH$H$m AmamonbJmZm ^r gå^mdZmHo$ hr AÝVJ©V AmVr kmZH$s EH$ {dYm h¡.

(2)~w{ÕH$s amOg-Vm‘gd¥{Îm ê$nr {dn`m©gH$m à{VnmXZ H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$maH$hVo h¢ {H$ `h kmZH$m EH$ Eogm àH$ma h¡ {H$ {Og‘| h‘mar BpÝÐ`m|go J¥hrVhmoZodmbo {df`go {^ÝZ hr {H$gr {df`H$m Ad^mg hmoVm h¡.

BgH$s à{H«$`m `m| g‘Pm`r J`r h¡ : nyd©‘| h‘mar AZw y{VH$m {df`~ZZodmbr {H$gr dñVwHo$ g§ñH$ma h‘mao ~w{Õ‘| g§J¥hrV ahVo h¢. o gmÑí` Am{XC×moYH$m|Ho$ H$maU à~b hmo H$a BpÝÐ`m|go J¥h² ‘mU dñVwHo$ AmH$ma‘| ~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$mon[aUV Zht hmoZo XoVo. V~ g§ñH$made nZnr ~w{Õd¥{Îm, BpÝÐ`J«mh² nwamodpñWVdñVwHo$ dmñV{dH$ AmH$maHo$ ~Om` Cg g§ñH$mam oËW AÝ` dñVwH o$‘m{`H$(=AdmñV{dH$) AmH$ma‘| AmH$m[aV hmo H$a, Cg AmH$maH$m nwamodpñWVdñVwna àjonU H$a XoVr h¡.

J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ »`m{VdmX gå~ÝYr {dñV¥V {dMma AdVmadmXmdbr‘|{dñVmago {H$`m J`m hmoZogo `hm§ g§jon‘| hr {Zê$nU n`m©ßV h¡.

dhm§ AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©V »`m{VdmX‘| BVa‘VmbmoMZHo$ Abmdm^r Hw$N> ñnï>rH$aU ‘hÎdnyU© o {X o J o h¢ : g~ Hw$N> ~«÷monmXmZH$ hmoZogo O~~«÷mË‘H$ h¡; Am¡a, {Ìd¥ËH$aU `m nÄMrH$aU à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma BVaoVamË‘H$^r, Vmo gtnna Mm§XrHo$ ^«‘H$mo^r, Mm§XrH$m gtnHo$ gmW VmXmËå` hmoZogo,gX²dñVw{df`H$ ^mZ hr Š`m| Z ñdrH$ma boZm Mm{h o? CÎmaê$noU `h H$hm J`mh¡ {H$ «‘kmZ‘| gtnna Mm§XrH$m kmZ Vmo hmoVm h¡ naÝVw gtnH$m ^mZ Zht hmoVm.AV… Bg VahHo$ kmZ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> Vmo J‹S>~‹S> ñdrH$maZr hr n‹S>Vr h¡. Am¡a dhJ‹S>~‹S> `hr h¡ {H$ VÎdV… g~ Hw$N> BVaoVamË‘H$ hmoZona ^r g¥{ï>‘| VÎmX² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]Ho$ EopÀN>H$ oXH$mo àYmZ ~Zm`m J`m h¡. AV… "gtn' Zm‘ {OggX§e‘| àYmZ h¡ dhm§ gtnHo$ ê$nH$s Am¡a gtnH$s AW©{H«$`mH$s ^r àYmZVmàH$Q> H$s J`r h¡. VXZwgma {Og gX§e‘| {Og Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©H$s àYmZVm hmodhm§ CgHo$ Abmdm AÝ` {H$gr Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©H$m ^mg VÎdV… gX²dñVw{df`H$hmoZona^r à‘mê$n Zht ‘mZm OmVm. Š`m|{H$ EH$~ma gtn XrIZo bJ Om` VmoMm§Xr XrIZr ~§X hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a Mm§Xr XrI ahr hmoVr V~ gtn {XIbm`r ^rZht XoVr hmoZogo XmoZm|Ho$ BVaoVamË‘H$ hmoZoH$m VÎdkmZ Z hmo H$a BVaoVaì`md¥Îmnhbo Mm§XrH$m Am¡a ~mX‘| gtnH$m kmZ hmoVm h¡. AV… g~ Hw$N> BVaoVamË‘H$hmoZona ^r ì`dhma{gÕ «‘-à‘m- oXHo$ {Zdm©hHo${b o gË»`m{VdmXmZwgm[aUrà{H«$`m n`m©ßV Zht hmoVr. O~VH$ ~«÷H$m gmjmËH$ma Z hmo V~VH$ dñVw‘mÌH$sBVaoVamË‘H$VmH$s àË`jmZw y{V d¡go r eŠ` Zht. dh Vmo nyU©kmZr `m nyU© moJrOZm|H$mo hr AnamojmZw y{VV`m hmo gH$Vr h¡. AV… Bg Amoa ~«÷Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$m oXAm¡a Xygar Amoa ~hþ dZgm‘Ï © Am¡a gË`g§H$ën de Câo EopÀN>H$ oXHo${gÕmÝVHo$ gÝX ©‘| BpÝÐ`go Ow‹S>o AW©go EopÀN>H$ oXdemV² gtngo {^ÝZ EogrMm§XrHo$ ^mZH$mo ñdrH$ma H$a AÝ`»`m{VdmX hr C{MV g‘mYmZ àVrV hmoVm h¡.O~VH$ nyU©kmZ àH$Q> Zht hmoVm V~VH$ gtnna hmoVo Mm§XrHo$ kmZ‘| gtnH$m ^mZZ hmoZm nyU©kmZÑï²>çm A»`m{Vê$n «‘ ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡. AÝ`Wm g¥{ï>brbm{gÕEopÀN>H$ oXH$s Ñ{ï>go Vmo AÝ`»`m{Vê$n «‘ ‘mZZm hr C{MV h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘|nwamodpñWV BpÝÐ`g§g¥ï> dñVw A§eV… `m gd©V… ~m¡{ÕH$-‘m{`H$ AmH$magoAmd¥V hmo OmVr h¡. Eogr pñW{V‘| BpÝÐ`J«mh² go AÝ` {H$gr {df`H$m »`mZ `m^mZ hmoZo bJVm h¡. AV… dmëb^‘VHo$ AZwgma {dn`m©g AÝ`»`m{Vê$n hrñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

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dmëb^‘VHo$ AZwgma, AVEd, ^mÅ>m|H$s {dnarV»`m{V, Z¡`m{`H$m|H$sAÝ`Wm»`m{V, àm^mH$am|H$s A»`m{V, em§H$am|H$s A{Zd©MZr`»`m{V,{dkmZdm{XAm|H$s AmË‘»`m{V, ‘mÜ`{‘H$m|H$s AgË»`m{V AWdm gm§»`m|H$sgXgË»`m{V dmXm|H$s à{H«$`mH$mo ^r ‘mÝ` Zht {H$`m J`m h¡.

(3)~w{ÕH$s amOg-gmpÎdH$s d¥{Îm {ZíM`mH$m[aH$m hmoVr h¡. {ZíM`H$sn[a^mfm "`WmWm©Zw d' Ho$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. "`WmW©' {deofUH$m VmËn ©`h h¡ {H$ H$moB© Eogm kmZ Omo J¥h² ‘mU {df`H$m A{VdVu Z hmo. AWm©V² BpÝÐ`{Og {df`go Ow‹S>r hmo Am¡a dh {Og Xoe-H$mb-ê$n‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmo Cgo CgXoe-H$mb‘| Cg ê$n‘| {df` ~ZmVo hþdo ~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$m àH$Q> hmoZm. AmnmVV… BgogwZZona Eogm bJVm h¡ {H$ `h bjU Vmo Ho$db {ZíM`mË‘H$ àË`jna hr bmJyhmoVm hmoJm, AZw‘mZm{X à‘mUOÝ` {ZíM`m|na Zht, Š`m|{H$ Yw§Ego Ohm§ AmJH$mAZw{‘{Vê$n {ZíM` hmoVm h¡, dhm§ ñd § AmJ Vmo BpÝÐ`go J¥h² ‘mU Zht hmoVr.~mV, naÝVw, Eogr Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ BpÝÐ` gmjmV² AmJgo Ow‹S>r Z hmoZona ^rAmJgo CËnÝZ hmoZodmbr Yw§EHo$ Ûmam Vmo AmJgo Ow‹S>r hþB© hmoVr hr h¡. Ohm§ hoVw{dÚ‘mZ Zht, AWm©V² AVrV `m ^mdr H$moB© hoVw hmo, dhm§ Vmo Ho$db gå^mdZmhr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, AZw{‘{V Zht. Bgr Vah, `Ú{n Cn{‘{VH$mo ñdVÝÌ à‘mUZht ‘mZm J`m h¡ Vmo r, AZw{‘{VV`m dhm§ r gmÑí`m{XHo$ gh`moJde BpÝÐ`g§gJ©Vmo CnnÝZ hmo hr OmVm h¡. emãX{ZíM`Ho$ ~mao‘| r Bgr Vah, MmjwfàË`j‘|O¡go MjwJ«m©h² {df` Mjw…gåà wŠV hmoVm h¡, Cgr Vah eãX Am¡a eãXmW© Ho$~rM^r {ZË`gå~ÝY ñdrH$mam J`m hmoZogo eãXJ«hUÛmam {df` J¥hrV hmoVm hþdmñdrH$maZm Mm{h o. AV… eãXÛmaH$ AWm©Z{Vd{V©Vmê$n `mWmÏ © CnnÝZ hmoVmhr h¡.

`hm§ EH$ Ame§H$m `h CR> gH$Vr h¡ {H$ Eogm hmoZona Vmo eãX Zht Vmonydm©Zw y{VOÝ` g§ñH$maÛmam ñ‘¥{V‘| r `WmWm©Zw d hmoZoH$m JwU ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.Bg {df`‘|, naÝVw, g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ñnï>rH$aU h h¡ {H$ kmZ Š`m|{H$ AW©àH$meZê$nhmoVm h¡ AV… AW© CgH$m Eogm AmYm A§J h¡ Omo kmZH$mo WmW© ~ZVm h¡. Š`m|{H$O¡gm AW© d¡go AZw d hmoZoH$s eV©na hr Vmo H$moB© kmZ `WmW© kmZ {gÕ hmo nmVmh¡. EH$ ñ‘¥{VH$m H$mb Am¡a Xygao dh {H$ ñ‘¥{V {Og AZw y{Vgo O{ZV g§ñH$magoCËnÝZ hþ`r Cg AZw^y{VH$m H$mb `m| Xmo H$mbm|‘|, AWm©V² dV©‘mZH$mb‘|

ñ‘ ©‘mU Am¡a yVH$mb‘| AZw y ‘mZ, AW©H$m EH$ê$n hmoZm {Z`V Z hmoZogoñ‘¥{V Ho$db g§ñH$made hr n¡Xm hmoVr ‘mZr OmVr h¡. AWm©V² g§ñH$maO{ZH$mAZw y{V Am¡a Cg AZw y{VHo$ OZH$ AW©go O{ZV {gÕ Zht hmo nmVr. {ZîH$f©V`mkmZê$nm hmoZoHo$ H$maU ñ‘¥{V AÝ` AZoH${dY {df`mZwHy$b àd¥{Îm Am{X H$m`m]H$mogånÝZ H$aZo‘| gj‘ hmoZona ^r `WmWm©Zw y{VHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` Zht aIr OmgH$Vr. O¡go {eamo{dhrZ {H$gr ‘Zwî`H$m Y‹S> ‘Zwî` O¡gm bJVm hmoZona ^r‘Zwî`V`m ñdrH$m © Zht hmo nmVm, Eogo hr AW©gmhM ©a{hV kmZ r ‘w»`m§J{dhrZhmoZogo à‘mUV`m ñdrH$m © Zht hmo nmVm.

AVEd ñ‘¥{Vgo {^ÝZ kmZH$mo AZw y{V ‘mZZm Mm{h o. AZw y{V EH$ EH$Eogm kmZ hmoVr h¡ Omo gmjmV² à‘mUgo n¡Xm hmoVr h¡. àH¥$V‘| "gmjmV²' nXH$mAW© hmoVm h¡ : à{‘{VHo$ ñdrH¥$VÛmam|go BVa {H$gr ÛmaHo$ ì`dYmZde n¡Xm ZhmoZm.

Bg {ZíM`mË‘H$ kmZHo$ Xmo oX hmoVo h¢ : (1)àË`j (2)namoj. BpÝÐ`mW©Ho$nañna dmñV{dH$ gåà`moJde CËnÝZ hmoZodmbm kmZ "àË`j' H$hbmVm h¡.àË`jgo {^ÝZ kmZ "namoj' H$hbmVm h¡. BgHo$ oXm|H$s {ddoMZm AJbo Va§Jm|‘oH$s Om oJr.

(4)amOg-amOg kmZê$n ñ‘¥{V Vmo g§ñH$ma‘mÌOÝ` hmoVr h¡. AWdmg§ñH$ma Ohm§ Ho$db g§ñH$maV`m O~ H$moB© kmZ àH$Q> H$aVm hmo V~ Cgo "ñ‘¥{V'H$hZm Mm{h o. AVEd nwamZr XoIr hþ r H$moB© dñVw `m ì`pŠV Ho$ nwZ… Ñ{ï>JmoMahmoZona Omo Cgo h‘ nhMmZ nmVo h¢, Cg àË`{^kmH$mo ñ‘¥{VËdoZ ‘mÝ` H$aZmAmdí`H$ Zht. Š`m|{H$ dh Ho$db g§ñH$made n¡Xm hmoVm kmZ Zht h¡. h‘ {H$grdñVwH$mo nhMmZ Omo nmVo h¢ dh Vmo ñ‘¥{Vg{hV àË`jHo$ H$maU hr.

(5)ñdßZg¥{ï>{df`H$ kmZH$mo "ñdmn' H$hm OmVm h¡. ñdmpßZH$s g¥{ï>‘m{`H$g¥{ï> ‘mZr J`r h¡. AV… dh OmJ«ËH$mbrZ g¥{ï> O¡gr hmoZona^r dh~«÷monmXm{ZH$m Zht hmoVr. ‘m`m Š`m|{H$ ^JdmZ²H$m dmñV{dH$ gm‘Ï © ‘mZm

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J`m h¡ {H$ {OgHo$ H$maU H$moB© dñVw {H$gr Xoe-H$mb‘| Am{d y©V Z hmo {’$a^rCgHo$ Xe©Z H$amZo‘| ‘m`m g‘W© hmoVr h¡. ‘m`monmXm{ZH$m hmoZona ^r ‘m`mH$sVah dmñV{dH$ Cg Xoe-H$mb‘| dmñV{dH$ Zht hmoVr. Bgo ^JdËH$V¥©H$m Vmo‘mZm J`m h¡ naÝVw ~«÷monmXm{ZH$m Zht. AV… ‘m`mH$a{UH$m ‘m`monmXm{ZH$mg¥{ï>H$s AZw y{VH$mo ñdmpßZH$ AZw y{V ‘mZ boZm `mo½` h¡. Hw$N> ñdßZ gÀMon‹S>Vo h¢, dhm§ H$moB© Abm¡{H$H$ epŠV H$m © ahr hmoVr h¡, AV… ’$bg§dmX CnnÝZhmo gH$Vm h¡ naÝVw EVmdVm ñdmpßZH$ {df`m|H$mo dmñV{dH$ Zht ‘mZm OmgH$Vm.

gwfwpßV ñdßZH$m AdmÝVa oX h¡ {’$a^r gwfwpßV‘| AmË‘ñ’w$aUH$mo ñdV…{gÕg‘PZm Mm{h o.

AZoH${dY {dH$ënm|H$m gå‘moh Ohm§ hmoVm hmo Eogr {MÝVmH$mo gå^mdZmH$mhr EH$ ê$n g‘PZm Mm{h o.

D$hmnmohmpË‘H$m {MÝVmH$mo ‘mZg g§e`Ho$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mamZm C{MV h¡.

bÁOm ^r{V Am{X Vmo Ah§H$maH$s hr {d{dY d¥{Îm`m§ hmoVr h¢.

àË`{^km {ZíM`ê$nm hmoVr h¡. A{^ZoVmAm|Ûmam am‘ Am{XH$m `mo½` A{^Z` {H$ò OmZona am‘ Am{X

nmÌm|H$s AZw y{V, AZwH$m © am‘ Am{X nmÌm|Ho$ dhm§ CnpñWV Z hmoZona ^r,ZmQ²>çemñÌ{d{hV doe-{H«$`m-g§dmX Am{XHo$ H$maU n¡Xm hmoVr hmoZogoà‘m{YŠ`demV² ZmQ²>çemñÌr`à‘mê$nm hr hmoVr h¡.

AVEd Xod‘y{V© Am{X‘| XodmM©ZemñÌ{d{hV Xodm{X~w{Õ r emñÌr` ‘`m©XmZwê$nà‘mê$nm hmoZogo à‘mpË‘H$m hr hmoVr h¡.

Bg Vah à‘mHo$ ñdê$nH$mo g‘PZo‘| Cn`moJr kmZHo$ AZoH${dY oXmon oXm|H$m{Zê$nU H$aZodmbr Bg MVwW© Va§JHo$ gmW àW‘ H$ëbmob ^r nyU© hmoVm h¡.

à‘mH$aUHo$ ñdê$nH$m {Zê$nH$ {ÛVr` H$ëbmob : à‘mê$n kmZHo$ ñdê$n~moYZmW© kmZHo$ AZoH${dY oXmon oXm|H$mo g‘PmZoHo$

~mX A~ Cg à‘mê$n kmZHo$ H$aUHo$ ñdê$nH$mo g‘PmZoHo${b o àd¥Îm hmoVo BgH$ëbmob‘| N>h Va§J h¢. CZ‘| gd©àW‘ Va§J‘| à‘mH$aUgo r nyd© H$aUgm‘mÝ`H$mñdê$n `{X Z g‘Pm`m Om o Vmo à‘mH$aUH$m ñdê$n H¡$go g‘P‘| Am nm oJm,VXW© H$aUgm‘mÝ`H$m ñdê$n {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.

1.H$aUgm‘mÝ`H$m ñdê$n : "H$aU' eãXH$s ì`m»`m H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$maH$hVo h¢ {H$ Omo AgmYmaU H$maU gì`mnma hmo Cgo H$aU g‘PZm Mm{h o.{H$grH$mo Am{d y©V H$a nm o Eogr epŠVHo$ AmYmaH$mo H$maU ‘mZm OmVm h¡.{H$gr CnmXmZ‘| EH$ gå^mdZmHo$ ê$n‘| aho H$m ©H$mo Omo ì`dhmaJmoMa ~Zm nm oEogr epŠVH$mo Am{d^m{d©H$m epŠV ‘mZm OmVm h¡. "Am{d^m©d' nXH$m AW©hmoVm h¡ : ì`dhma`mo½` hmoZm. CgHo$ {dnarV "{Vamo md' nXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ :ì`dhma`mo½` Z ah OmZm. o XmoZm| hr epŠV`m§ ‘ybV… ^JdpÝZð> hr hmoVr h¡,naÝVw OJV²H$s àË oH$ dñVw ^JdmZ²‘og| ^Jd{XÀN>`m àH$Q> hþ r hmoZoHo$ H$maU^JdX§empË‘H$m hmoVr h¢, AV… Am§{eH$ê$noU Am{d^m©d-{Vamo^md-epŠV`m§OmJ{VH$ dñVwAm|‘| ^r CnbãY hmoVr hr h¢. AV… ì`dhma‘| {Og‘| {OgoAm{d y©V H$aZoH$s epŠV hmo Cgo CgH$m H$maU; Am¡a, Omo Ohm§ `m {OgHo$ ÛmamAm{d y©V hmoVm hmo Cgo H$m © g‘Pm OmZm Mm{h o.

H$maUHo$ Xmo oX hmoVo h¢ : (1)g‘dm`r=CnmXmZ (2){Z{‘Îm. H$moB© dñVwOhm§ VmXmËå`gå~ÝYgo Am{d y©V `m CËnÝZ hmoVr hmo Vmo Cg dñVwH$m Cgog‘dm`r m CnmXmZ H$maU ‘mZm OmVm h¡. "g‘dm`' Am¡a "VmXmËå`' n`m© dmMH$eãX ‘mZo J o h¢. VmXmËå`gå~ÝY Z Vmo {ÛËdmË`ÝVm^mdê$n hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ZEH$ËdmË`ÝVm^mdê$n hr. AVEd Bgo oXg{hîUw-A oXê$n ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

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`h ""EH$‘odm{ÛVr § VX¡jV ~hþñ`m§ àOm o '' O¡go N>mÝXmo½`m{X Cn{ZfXm|Ho$dMZm|‘| {Zê${nV Cg ~hþ^dZg‘W© ñd^mdV… EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎdH$sñdgË`g§H$ëndemV² AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]‘| àH$Q> hmoZoH$s lw{V{gÕ H$Wmh¡. Z¥qghmoÎmaVm{nZrlw{V‘| Cg na‘VÎdH$mo "A{dH$mar' H$hm J`m h¡, AV… {gÕhmoVm h¡ {H$ g¥{ï>^mdmnÝZ hmoZona ^r CgHo$ ñdê$n‘| H$moB© {dH$ma àH$Q> ZhthmoVm. ""{dï>ä`mh{‘X§ H¥$ËñZ‘oH$m§eoZ pñWV§ OJV²'' Bg JrVmdMZHo$ AZwgmaCgo A§{eê$n ^r ‘mZm OmVm hmoZogo, AnZo A§eê$n H$mb H$‘© ñd^md àH¥${V`m nwéf ‘| dh AnZr Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdê$nm epŠVAm|H$mo O~ A§eV… àH$Q>H$aZm MmhVm h¡ Vmo dh VXZwgma àH$Q> hmo OmVr h¢.

J«ÝWH$maZo CnmXmZH$maUHo$ AdmÝVa oXm|H$s {ddoMZm n[aUmå wnmXmZ Am¡a{ddVm}nmXmZ Ho$ ê$n‘| H$s h¡. BZ‘| n[aUmå wnmXmZHo$ nwZ… Xmo à oX {XIbm o h¢: (1)A{dH¥$VmonmXmZ (2){dH¥$VmonmXmZ. Hw$ÊS>bm{X Am yfUm|H$m A{dH¥$VmonmXmZgwdU© hmoVm h¡; O~{H$, K‹S>oH$m {dH¥$VmonmXmZ {‘Å>r hmoVr h¡.

{ddVm}nmXmZHo$ {Zê$nU‘| J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ {ddV© AnZo CnmXmZH$maUgo{df‘gÎmmdmbm CgH$m AÝ`Wm^md hmoVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m ewpŠVaOV «mpÝVHo$CXmhaU‘| aOVmH$m[aH$m ~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$m {ddVm}nmXmZ ~w{Õ ~ZVr h¡, Eogm J«ÝWH$maZo{Zê$nU {H$`m h¡.

d¡go {ddVm}nmXmZ Am¡a {ddV© Ho$ ~rM gÎmmd¡få`H$s AdYmaUm dmëb^doXmÝVH$m AnZm {gÕmÝV Z hmo H$a na‘V^mfmHo$ Adbå~ZÛmam A{dH¥$VmonmXmZHo$n¥WH²$ hmoZoHo$ {gÕmÝVH$mo ÑT> H$aZoH$m à`mg bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ {dn`m©gê$nm~w{Õd¥{ÎmH$mo, Z Vmo ^JdÀN>pŠVê$nm ‘m`mgo Am¡a Z ~w{Õgo hr, {df‘àH$maH$sgÎmmHo$ CXmhaUV`m ñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡. ‘m`mdmX‘| Vmo {ddV©H$mo {‘Ï`m{gÕ H$aZoHo${b o hr gÎmmd¡få`nj àñVwV {H$`m J`m Wm. dh ""ñdà{VnÝZmonmYm¡Ì¡H$m{bH${ZfoYà{V`mo{JËd''ê$n hmoVm h¡ AWdm "ñdmË`ÝVm^mdgm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`'ê$nhmoVm h¡. ~«÷dmX‘| O~{H$ JrVmHo$ ""ZmgVmo {dÚVo ^mdmo Zm^mdmo {dÚVo gV…''{dYmZHo$ AZwgma `{X ~w{Õ‘| ~w{Õd¥{Îm CËnÝZ hmoVr ‘mZr OmVr h¡ Vmo CgH$mdhm§ md ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm Am¡a V~ Cgo AgV² Zht ‘mZm Om gHo$Jm. {X ~w{Õ‘|

~w{Õd¥{Îm CËnÝZ hr Z hmoVr hmo {H$ÝVw CgH$s CËn{ÎmH$m Ho$db ‘m{`H$ ^mghmoVm h¡, Eogm ‘mZ| Vmo Eogo A^mdHo$ H$maU ~w{Õd¥{Îm AgV² {gÕ hmo Om oJr.Cgo H$W‘{n "gV²' Zht H$hm Om gHo$Jm. AV… C^`V… gÎmmd¡få` {gÕ Zhthmo nmVm. AV… gÎmmd¡få`Ho$ AmYmana {ddVm}nmXmZH$mo n[a^m{fV H$aZmñd{gÕmÝVmonnÝZ H$Wm Z hmo H$a na‘V^mf`m A{dH¥$VmonmXmZH$m nmW©Š`{Zê$nUhr Ho$db EH$‘mÌ à`moOZ àVrV hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ A{dH¥$VmonmXmZH$s Vah{ddVm}nmXmZ ^r {ddV©demV² {dH¥$V Zht hmoVm. AV… {ddVm}nmXmZ Am¡aA{dH¥$VmonmXmZ Ho$ ~rM nam{^‘V gÎmmd¡få` Am¡a gÎmm@d¡få` H$mo EH$ gwñnï>{d^mOH$aoIm ~Zm`m Om gH$Vm h¡. `h EH$ ~‹S>m bm^ CnmXmZH$maUHo$ BZ XmoZm|àH$mam|Ho$ n¥WŠH$aUH$m ewÕmÛ¡VdoXmÝVH$mo {‘b gH$Vm h¡.

BZ Eogo CnmXmZH$maUm|go {^ÝZ AÝ` g^r H$maUm|Ho$ àH$mam|H$m {Z{‘ÎmH$maU‘|AÝV^m©d ‘mZm J`m h¡.

BgHo$ Abmdm EH$ AÝ` Ñ{ï>H$moUgo XoIZona (1)gm‘J«rH$maUVm Am¡a(2)àË oH$n ©dgm{`Zr H$maUVm, o Xmo Am¡a à oX H$maUHo$ {JZm o J o h¢.

(1)gm‘J«rH$maUVm H$B© dñVwAm|Ho$ EH$gmW OwQ> H$a H$maU ~ZZona J¥hrVhmoVr h¡. (2)àË oH$n ©dgm{`Zr H$maUVm VÎmV² dñVwAm|‘| EH$XygaoHo$ gmhM ©{~Zm hr J¥hrV hmo OmZodmbr H$maUVm h¡.

H$maUVm J¥hrV hmoVr h¡ AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$demV² : {OgHo$ dñVwHo$ hmoZonaAdí` hr Omo H$m © CËnÝZ hmoVm hmo Vmo Cgo "AÝd`' H$hm OmVm h¡. {OgHo$ ZhmoZona Omo CËnÝZ hmo hr Z nm o Cgo CgH$m CgHo$ gmW "ì`{VaoH$' H$hm OmVmh¡. {H$gr H$maUH$mo H$m ©OZZmW© {OgH$s Amdí`H$ Cn`mo{JVm hmo Cgo ì`mnmag‘PZm Mm{h o. Eogo ì`mnmadmZ² H$maUH$mo "H$aU' H$hm OmV h¡. Bg {ddoMmZmHo$gmW àW‘ Va§J g‘mßV hmoVr h¡.

36 37

Bg àW‘ Va§JH$s, BgHo$ ~mX AmVr, {ÛVr` Va§JHo$ gmW g§J{V `hr h¡{H$ à‘mOZH$ AgmYmaU H$maUm|H$mo {OZH$s Cn`mo{JVm {Z`V hmo Eogo g^rì`mnmadmZ² H$maUm|H$mo "à‘mH$aU' `m "à‘mU' Ho$ ê$n‘| g‘Pm`m Om gHo$. AV…H$aUgm‘mÝ` g‘Pm XoZoHo$ ~mX A~ Bg à‘mH$aUH$mo gabVmHo$ gmW g‘Pm`mOm gH$Vm h¡.

2.emãXà‘mHo$ H$aUH$m {Zê$nU : O¡gm{H$ nhbo hr {Zê$nU H$a MwHo$,VXZwgma, doXmÝV{MÝVZ lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ eãXm|H$s g‘pÝdV ì`m»`m àñVwVH$aZoH$mo àd¥Îm hmoZodmbm {MÝVZ h¡. AV… ñdm^m{dH$ h¡ {H$ lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$eãXm|H$m àm‘mÊ` AÝ` g^r à‘mUm|H$s VwbZm‘| à‘wIV‘ hmoVm h¡. emñÌm|‘| ^rgd©‘yY©Ý` Vmo lw{VHo$ eãX hr hmoVo h¢. Š`m|{H$ lw{VHo$ eãXm|H$m AnZo AW©Ho$gmW gå~ÝY {ZË` hmoVm h¡, AV… lm¡VeãXÛmam Om`‘mZ kmZ H$^r lm¡VmW©H$mì`{^Mmar Zht hmo gH$Vm. gmW hr gmW lm¡VeãXm|go Om`‘mZ kmZ {H$grbm¡{H$H$à‘mUgo OÝ` ^r Zht hmo gH$Vm. AVEd lm¡VeãXm|go Om`‘mZ kmZH$m~mY ^r bm¡{H$H$à‘mUm|go eŠ` Zht. Am¡a Š`m|{H$ ‘h{f© ì`mgHo$ Xe©Z‘|~«÷à{‘{VHo$ H$aUV`m lm¡VeãXm|H$mohr ‘mÝ` aIm J`m h¡, AV… AÝ` gmaoà‘mU Bg‘| H$ht-H$^r n¡Xm hmoVo gÝXohm|Ho$ {ZagZmW© hr Ho$db Ano{jV hmoVoh¢. AV… lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ eãXm|Ho$ Abmdm Xygao gmao à‘mUm|H$s JUZm Ho$dbbmoH$ì`dhmaHo$ {Zdm©hmW© hr Ano{jV hmoVr h¡. lwË`m{X emñÌm|Ho$ eãXm|goA{déÕ `{X H$moB© à‘mUJUZm H$aZr hmo Vmo dh Bg Vah H$s Om gH$Vr h¡.

^mJdVnwamUHo$ EH$mXeñH$ÝYHo$ CÝZrgd| AÜ`m`Ho$ gVahd| íbmoH$‘| `hH$hm J`m h¡-(1)lw{V (2)àË`j (3)Eo{Vh² (4)AZw‘mZ m| Mma VahHo$ à‘mUhmoVo h¢. Bgr Vah V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H$(1&2&1)‘| ñd § lw{VH$m àm‘mÊ`{dYmZ AàgŠVhmoZogo lwË`W©H$s CnmoX²~{bH$m (1)ñ‘¥{V (2)àË`j (3)Eo{Vh² (4)AZw‘mZ Ho$à‘mU hmoZoH$m {dYmZmË‘H$ n[aJUZ ^r CnbãY hmoVm h¡.

AV… Bg ì`dñWmH$mo ñdrH$ma H$aHo$ hr Bg à‘mUH«$‘‘| gd©àW‘ lw{VHo$àm‘mÊ`H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m OmZm h¡. BZ‘| Eo{Vh² H$mo Omo à‘mUËdoZ {XIbm`mJ`m h¡, dh F${fAm|Ûmam {H$`m J`m nyd©d¥ÎmH$m ñ‘aU h¡. Bgo ì`mggyÌm|‘| ^rg‘mÑV {H$`m J`m hmoZogo `hm§ ^r ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

BZHo$ Abmdm Xygao Omo ^r kmZOZH$ Cnm` à‘mUV`m àVrV hmoVo hm| dog^r BZHo$ Ûmam àH$Q> hmoVo kmZ‘| {H$gr Z {H$gr Vah CnH$maH$ hmoVo hmoZogoBZHo$ A§J yV hmoVo h¢, ñdVÝÌ Zht.

lm¡VmJ‘{déÕ Omo ^r H$moB© à‘mU hmo Cgo Vmo lm¡VmW©{ZU© ‘| Aà‘mU ‘mZH$a MbZona hr `h doXmÝV{MÝVZ ^br^m§{V gånÝZ hmo nmVm h¡.

`h Vmo {XIbm`m Om MwH$m {H$ ~w{Õ‘| gmpÎdH$ JwUHo$ à~b hmoZona hr~mY`mo½`ì`{V[aŠV à‘mË‘H$ kmZ dhm§ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡. doXmZwgmar moJgmYZmÛmamEogm gÎdJwU {OZH$m à~b ~Zm hmo Eogo F${f`m|go àmaå^ H$aHo$ B©ídan ©ÝVAmßVVmHo$ A{YH$m{YH$ CËH$f©demV² B©ídaHo$ dMZê$n doXm|‘| na‘ AmßVVm{gÕ hmoVr h¡. AV… B©ídamonXoeê$n doXHo$ eãXm|H$m gd©{Zanoj àm‘mÊ` {gÕhmoVm h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$maZo Ý`m`-d¡e{fH$‘Vm|Ho$ gÝX^©‘| eãXHo$ ñdVÝÌàm‘mÊ`H$m {dMma H$aHo$ eãXHo$ n¥WH²$ à‘mU hmoZoH$s Cnn{ÎmAm|H$mo gw{ZYm©[aV{H$`m h¡ {H$ AZw‘mZ‘| eãXH$m AÝV^m©d CnnÝZ Zht hmo nmVm. eãX Am¡aàË`j Ho$ nañna {déÕ hmoZona eãXH$s Jm¡UVm gå^d Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ eãXH$mogwZo `m OmZo ‘mÌHo${b o àË`jna {Z ©a hmoZm n‹S>Vm h¡. gwZo J o eãXm|Ûmam OmokmZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ Cgo CËnÝZ H$aZo‘| eãX àË`jH$m H$^r ‘mohVmO Zht hmoVm.Š`m|{H$ bm¡{H$H$ àË`jgo AJå` dñVwH$m kmZ ^r eãXà‘mUÛmam àmßV hmoVmXoIm Om gH$Vm h¡. AV… bmoH$mZ{YJVmW© {df`m|Ho$ kmnH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU lm¡VeãXm|H$m àm‘mÊ` à‘mUmÝVam~mÜ` ñdrH$maZm Amdí`H$ h¡. Bggo doXmË‘H$eãXm|H$s ‘yY©Ý`Vm ñdV… hr {gÕ hmo OmVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ doXHo$ àm‘mÊ`H$m {dMma d¡go Vmo 1eãX2eãXmW© Am¡a 3eãXmW©gå~ÝY Ho$ H«$‘mZwgma H$aZm C{MV hmoVm naÝVw EH$ VmoeãXHo$ ~mao‘| ~hþV Hw$N> {dMmaUr` h¡, Xygao lw{V ñ‘¥{V nwamU Am{XHo$ na‘à{VnmÚ~«÷H$m {dMma ñd § ‘h{f© doXì`mgZo ^r eãX{dMmago nhbo {H$`m h¡ AV…;

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Am¡a, Vrgao eãXmW©gå~ÝYHo$ ~mao‘| ~hþV {dMmaUr` Z hmoZogo ^r gd©àW‘gå~ÝY{dMma hr H$a boZm C{MV hmoJm.

eãXmW©gå~ÝY{dMmaHo$ àg§J‘| `h à‘wI {dMm © {df` h¡ {H$ doX Am¡adoXmW© Ho$ gå~ÝYH$mo {ZË` Z ‘mZm Om o Vmo dmÀ`-dmMH$H$s ^r {ZË`Vm {gÕZht hmoJr. àW‘ H$ëbmobHo$ MVwW© Va§J‘| `h à{Vnm{XV {H$`m J`m Wm {H$ O¡goMjwam{X BpÝÐ`m|go nXmWm}npñW{V hmoVr h¡, Eogo hr eãXHo$ {ZË` AW©gå~ÕhmoZoHo$ H$maU, eãXm|go ^r eãXmWm}npñW{V hmoVr h¡. `h YmaUm eãX Am¡aeãXmW© Ho$ A{ZË` hmoZona CZHo$ gå~ÝYH$s ^r A{ZË`Vm {gÕ H$aoJr. Am¡a V~eãXmW©{ZË`gå~ÝYVmHo$ AmYmana àñVwV eãXàm‘mÊ`dmX hr IpÊS>V hmoOmòJm. Bg gÝX^©‘| O¡{‘Zr`m|Ho$ ~m¡Õm|Ho$ d¡eo{fH$m|Ho$ ^mÅ>m|Ho$ àm^mH$am|Ho$;VWm, em§H$a ‘mÜd {dkmZ{^jw Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘Vm|Ho$ {d‘e©Ho$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma{ZîH¥$ï> ñd‘V `h {XIbmVo h¢ {H$ eãXm|H$m Ho$db Om{V `m AmH¥${V ‘mÌHo$gmW gå~ÝY ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm. Š`m|{H$ Eogm ‘mZZona ì`pŠV~moYZm§e‘|eãXm|H$m à‘mU hmoZm ~m{YV hmo Om oJm. g‘mZg§{dËg§doÚ hmoZoHo$ H$maU ì`pŠV-AmH¥${V(Om{V) XmoZm|Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY ñdrH$maZona "Jmo'nX Am¡a "JmoËd'nX H$mon`m© dmMr ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. ""`… {gŠVaoVm… ñ`mV² g àW‘m‘² CnXÜ`mV²'' O¡golw{VdMZm|‘| {Zê${nV {gŠVaoVm ì`pŠVH$s AmH¥${V Š`m-H¡$gr hmo gH$Vr h¡?AV… ‘r‘m§gH$m|Ho$ AmH¥${Vnjgo AnZm ‘VnmW©Š` {XIbmVo hþdo J«ÝWH$maZoeãXH$m gå~ÝY ì`pŠVHo$ gmW hr {ZYm©[aV {H$`m h¡. ì`pŠVAm|Ho$ A{ZË`hmoZoHo$ H$maU nwZ… gå~ÝYH$mo ^r A{ZË` Š`m| Z ‘mZ {b`m Omò? EogrAme§H$mH$m n[ahma Vmo Bg Vah hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H$Ho$ ""gdm©{Uê$nm{U {d{MË` Yra… Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm{^dXZ² `XmñVo'', H$R>mon{ZfX² VWm‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² Ho$ ""V‘od ^mÝV‘² AZw m{V gd©‘²'', N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""gdªIbw BX§ ~«÷'' VWm ""EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gd©‘²'', ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ""doX¡íM gd£…Ah‘od doÚ…'' ^mJdVHo$ ""‘m§ {dYÎmo@{^YÎmo ‘m§ {dH$ëß`mnmoh²`Vo h²`h‘²EVmdmZ² gd©doXmWm}'' nwéfgyŠVì`m»`mZmË‘H$ mJdVHo$ ""`Xmñ` Zmä`mÝZ{bZmX²Ah‘mg§ ‘hmË‘Z… Zm{dX§ kgå^mamZ² nwéfmd`dmX² F$Vo...nwéfmd`d¡aoVo gå^mam…gå^¥Vm ‘`m'' O¡go dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana gmao Ho$ gmao d¡{XH$ eãX {ZË`

^JdXd`dmË‘H$ ì`pŠVAm|Ho$ dmMH$ hmoVo h¢. AV… na{dÚmHo$ AZwamoYde Vmod¡{XH$ nX VWm d¡{XH$ nXmW© XmoZm| hr {ZË` {gÕ hmoVo hr h¢.

bm¡{H$H$ nXmWm]Ho$ AZwdmXH$ lm¡V eãX ^r ì`pŠVàdmhHo$ dmMH$ hmoZogoCZH$m ^r àdmh{ZË`VmHo$ gmW gå~ÝY ñdrH$maZo‘| H$moB© ~mYm Zht. `hm§ EogrAme§H$m Zht H$aZr Mm{h o {H$ eãXm|H$mo ì`pŠVdmMH$ Z ‘mZ H$a ì`pŠVàdmhH$mdmMH$ ‘mZZona ì`pŠV~moYHo$ ~Om` àdmhH$m hr ~moY Š`m| Zhr hmoVm? "doX'"{nVm' "‘mVm' `m "ZXr' Am{X eãX O¡go àdmh `m Ad`dr Ho$ dmMH$ hmoVo h¢Eogo hr àdmhKQ>H$ ì`pŠV `m CgHo$ Ad`dm|Ho$ ^r dmMH$ hmoVo h¢.

gåà{V AZwð>r`‘mZ `km{X H$‘m]‘| ^JdXd`d yV {ZË` nXmWm]H$m {d{Z`moJgå^d Z hmoZogo, H$‘©~moYH$ lw{VdMZm|H$s VÎmV² H$‘m]‘| VÎmX² Ðì`m|Ho$ {d{Z`moJHo$CnXoeH$s gmW©H$Vm IpÊS>V hmo OmZoH$s Ame§H$m ^r {ZaW©H$ h¡. Š`m|{H$àmojU-AmYmZ Am{X lm¡V g§ñH$mademV² bm¡{H$H$ nXmWm]‘| ^r ^JdXd`dê$n{ZË` nXmWm]H$m Amdoe CnnÝZ hmo hr gH$Vm h¡. AV… bm¡{H$H$ nXm|H$m bm¡{H$H$ì`pŠVê$n nXmW©Ho$ gmW àË`mæ`-àË`m`H$^md gå~ÝY ñdrH$ma boZo‘| H$moB©~mYm Zht h¡.

BVZm Adí` Bg gÝX ©‘| AdYo h¡ {H$ doXH$m {ZË`Ëd ñdê$noU {dd{jVh¡, eãXàdmhê$noU Zht. Š`m|{H$ V¡{Îmar`g§{hVmHo$ ""dmMm {dê$n{ZË``m'' Am¡aHy$‘©nwamUHo$ ""AZm{X{ZYZm {ZË`m dmJ²'' dMZHo$ AmYmana `hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡.

gY‘©H$Ðì`, CXmhaUV`m KQ>Ëdê$n-Y‘©-{d{eï> KQ>ê$n Ðì`, go {^ÝZ{ZË`mZoH$g‘doVê$nm Om{V Am¡a VËg‘dm`r Ðì` O¡gm H$moB© nXmW© Vmo dmëb^doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` h¡ hr Zht. AV… Ý`m`m{XXe©Zm{^‘V A{ZË` Y{‘©ê$n nXmWm]‘|g‘doV {ZË`Y‘©ê$n gm‘mÝ`Ho$ {gÕmÝVgo `h gd©Wm {dnarV H$Wm h¡. dmëb^doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma ""KQ> h¡'' ""nQ> h¡'' Am{X AZw y{VAm|‘| Omo gÎmmH$m ~moYhmoVm h¡, dh BZHo$ gXwnmXmZH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU hmoVm ‘mZm J`m h¡, Z{H$gÎdgm‘mÝ`g‘dm`r hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘|. g^r àË``m|‘| gXZwJ‘ VWm eãXmZwJ‘ H$s

40 41

{Z`{VH$m {dMma H$aZona Vmo Y{‘©dmMH$ "KQ>' Am{XnXm|H$s Vah "KQ>Ëd' gÑeY‘©dmMH$ nX ^r ‘ybV… Vmo KQ>m{Xê$nm|‘| CnmXmZV`m gX²dñVwHo$ AZwJ‘Ho$ hrdmMH$ hr {gÕ hmoVo h¢. gmo {ZË`gå~ÝYmW© OmË`ml` ñdrH$maZoH$s Vmo Amdí`H$Vmdmëb^ doXmÝV‘| h¡ Zht. {’$a^r "KQ>' Am¡a "KQ>Ëd' nañna n`m© dmMH$ nXVmo hmo Zht gH$Vo. Š`m|{H$ Z Vmo o XmoZm| AË`ÝV {^ÝZmW©H$ hmo gH$Vo h¢ Z gd©Wmn`m© dmMH$ hr. AV… "KQ>' eãXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ : ~«÷Ho$ gX§e‘| Am{d y©VEH$ n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH¥${Vê$n ê$n{deof. Bgr Vah "KQ>Ëd' eãXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ :n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH¥${V ê$n{deofHo$ gXwnmXmZH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU H$maUñdê$nmZwJwUmgXZwJ{V. ‘¥{ÎmH$mgo {Z{‘©V KQ>‘| O¡go ‘¥{ÎmH$mZwJ‘ hmoVm h¡ Eogo hr n¥ÏdrËdmZwJ‘^r hmoVm hr h¡. AV… gXZwJ‘a{hV Vmo H$moB© r {dÚ‘mZ dñVw hmo hr Zhr gH$Vr.{ZîH$f©V`m Š`m|{H$ `h OJV² na‘{ZË` ~«÷Ho$ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$m {dñVma h¡,AV… gmaoHo$ gmao Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘© ñd § {ZË`~«÷g‘doV h¡. AVEd eãX Am¡aeãXmW© Ho$ {ZË`gå~ÝYH$s {g{ÕHo$ hoVw {ZË`mZoH$g‘doV gm‘mÝ`ê$n EH$ n¥WH²$Om{Vê$n nXmW©H$s H$ënZm dmëb^ ‘V‘| Ano{jV Zht.

~«÷H$s A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZê$nm H$maUVmHo$ {Zê$nH$ lw{VdMZm|H$mo AWm©V²g¥ï>çwËn{Îm{Zê$nH$ VWm g¥{ï>H$s ~«÷mË‘H$VmHo$ {Zê$nH$ dMZm|H$mo Omo {dMmaH$AW©dmX H$h H$a Jm¡U ~ZmVo h¢, CZgo dmëb^ doXmÝV `h nyN>Zm MmhVm h¡ {H$doXHo$ BZ dMZm|H$mo "AW©dmX' H$h H$a Š`m AgXW©~moYH$ ‘mZZm CÝh| A{^àoVh¡? `m ñdmW©‘| Aà‘mU ‘mZZm? `m ñVw{VnaH$ ‘mZZm?

AgXW©~moYH$ ‘mZZona Vmo doXH$mo àVmaH$ ^r ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm. V~ Vmog‘yMo doXH$m àm‘mÊ` hr IpÊS>V hmo Om oJm Bgr Vah bm¡{H$H$ à‘mUm|go ~m{YVhmoZoHo$ H$maU Omo ñdmW©‘| Aà‘mU ‘mZm OmVm hmo Vmo doXm|H$m ñdV…àm‘mÊÌpÊS>V hmo OmòJm. {H$gr XmofHo$ {ZXe©ZÛmam naVmoAàm‘mÊ` ñdrH$maZonadoXdMZm|Ho$ Anm¡éfo hmoZoHo$ H$maU nwéfXmofa{hV hmoZoH$s ~mV ^r dXVmoì`mKmV{gÕ hmoJr. gmW hr gmW ñdmW©‘| Eogo dMZm|H$m àm‘mÊ` Z ñdrH$maZonaBZHo$Ûmam H$s OmVr ñVw{V ^r {‘Ï`m{Zê$nU {gÕ hmoJr Omo nwZ… àm‘mÊ`H$mo hrIpÊS>V H$a XoZodmbr ~mV hmoJr. dñVwVñVw bm¡{H$H$ {H$gr nwéfÛmam {Z{‘©V ZhmoZm hr CgHo$ Anm¡éfo` hmoZoH$m gÀMm A{^àm` h¡. na‘nwéf na‘oídaHo${Z…ídmgê$n hmoZogo doX B©ídaH¥$V Vmo h¡ hr. gmW hr gmW B©ída{Z…ídmgê$n hmoZm

^r Bg ~mVH$s nw{ï> H$aVm h¡ {H$ àË oH$ H$ën‘| g‘mZmZwnydugo `h na‘oídaHo${Z…ídmgV`m àH$Q> hmoVm ahVm hmoZogo ñdê$nV… {ZË` ^r h¡.

AV… d¡{XH$ eãXm|H$s ñdmW©~moYH$ epŠV d¡{XH$ ì`pŠVê$n {ZË`^JdXd`mW©H$s {ZË`dm{MH$m hmoZogo ñd § ^r {ZË` h¡.

bmoH$‘| bm¡{H$H$ nXmWm]H$s AmH¥${VHo$ dmMH$V`m ñdrH$maZona ^r eãXAm¡a CgHo$ AW© Ho$ {ZË` gå~ÝYHo$ {gÕmÝV‘| H$moB© hm{Z Zht h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX eãXñdê$nHo$ {dMmamW© àd¥Îm hmoZoH$mo eãXm|H$m {ZË`Ëd à{Vnm{XVH$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ ñd § doX O~ AnZo-AmnH$mo {ZËèãXamerhmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Vmo doXHo$ dUm] `m eãXm| H$mo ^r {ZË` hr ñdrH$maZmC{MV ~mV hmoJr. {ZË` hmoZoHo$ ~mdOyX dU© nX `m dmŠ` H$^r gwZm`r XoVo h¢Vmo H$^r Zht, Bg‘| H$maU `hr h¡ {H$ do H$^r Am{d y©V hmoVo h¢ Vmo H$^r Zht.

AVEd Z¡`m{`H$‘Vm{^àoV eãXmoËn{ÎmH$s à{H«$`mH$mo AñdrH$ma H$aHo$J«ÝWH$maZo dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma Bg à{H$`mH$m {Zê$nU `m| {H$`m h¡ :Amä`ÝVa VWm ~mh² C^`Ì eãXH$s A{^ì`pŠV‘| àmè… dm w hr {Z{‘ÎmhmoVr h¡, H$ht-H$ht Xmo Ðì`m|H$m Amngr Kf©U ^r {Z{‘Îm ~ZVm h¡. AV… eãXnm§Mmo hr ‘hm yVm|‘| eãX g‘doV hmo gH$Vm h¡, AmH$meH$m {deofJwU hmoZoHo$~mdOyX. eãXmpË‘H$m Üd{Z, AnZo {dgaUerb ñd^mdde hr, Ohm§ àH$Q> hmoVrh¡ dhm§go Mmam| {XemAm|‘| Hw$N> Xya OmVr h¡. dm wHo$ ‘mÜ`‘go ^r eãX Hw$N> H$mbVH$ Hw$N> Xyar VH$ OmVm h¡. AVEd Üd{Z ^r KQ> Am{X nXmWm]H$s Vah{MañWm`r hmoZogo dm wHo$ Ûmam CËn{ÎmñWbgo AÝ`Ì bo Om`r Om gH$Vr h¡. `hO¡{‘{Z‘V, Bg A§e‘|, dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo ‘mÝ` hr h¡. Bg {df`‘| AÝVa Ho$dbBVZm Am¡a ^r h¡ {H$ h‘mao H$mZm|‘| Üd{ZHo$ J¥hrV hmoZona Üd{ZHo$ CËn{ÎmñWb`m CÒ‘H$s {Xem Omo àVrV hmoVr h¡ dh, lrnmW©gma{WÛmam {Zê${nV à{H«$`mHo${dnarV, ñd § Üd{ZJV gm‘Ï ©Ho$ H$maU Zht ~pëH$ dm wHo$ H$maU hr gå^dhmoVm h¡. dm w hr Üd{ZH$m Z`Z H$aVr h¡, Eogm ^mJdV‘| {dYmZ CnbãY hmoVmh¡. AV… Üd{ZàmH$Q²>çXoeH$m Am¡a CgH$s {XemH$m ~moY CËnÝZ H$aZo‘| dm w{Z{‘Îm ~ZVr h¡. eãXm|H$s A{^ì`ÄOH$ Üd{Z`m§ dm wHo$ H$maU Aënm{YH$ hmo

42 43

H$a eãX‘| Aënm{YH$^mdHo$ AmamonUH$m {Z{‘Îm ~ZVr h¢. AÝ`Wm eãX AnZo-Amn‘| Vmo gXm {ZË` Ed§ ì`mnH$ hr hmoVm h¡. AmH$me, O¡go, ì`mnH$ hmoZona^r AmH$meHo$ àXoe n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoVo h¢, Bgr Vah eãX ñd § ì`mnH$ hmoZona ^rCgHo$ A§e yV dUm©{X n[apÀN>ÝZ hmoVo h¢.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma Bg ‘r‘m§gmW© àd¥Îm hþdo h¢ {H$ ""`h dhr eãX h¡''Eogr àË`{^kmHo$ de eãXm|H$s {ZË`Vm VWm AW©àË`m`H$Vm Omo à{Vnm{XV H$sJ`r dh dUm}Ho$ ê$n‘| gånÝZ hmoVr h¡, `m nXm|Ho$ ê$n‘| AWdm Vmo dmŠ`m|Ho$ê$n‘|?

Z dU© Z nX Am¡a Z dmŠ` {H$ÝVw dUm©{^ì §½` ñ’$moQ>H$m {gÕmÝV ñdrH$maZodmboàmMrZ d¡`mH$aU, dU©ê$noU eãXH$mo {ZË` ‘mZZodmbo ‘r‘m§gH$, dU©ì`§½`nXì §½` Ed§ dmŠ`ì §½` ñ’$moQ>H$mo ñdrH$maZodmbo Zì`d¡ mH$aU, BVampÝdV nXm|‘|dmMH$Ëd ñdrH$maZodmbo lrZ¥qghml‘, AmH$m§jm{XHo$ ghH$made nXm|H$mo hrdmŠ`mW©~moYOZH$ ‘mZZodmbo {MÝVH$m|Ho$ ‘Vm|H$mo J«ÝWH$ma ñdrH$m © Zht ‘mZVo.

dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma d¡{XH$ dU© hmo, nX hmo, dmŠ` hmo `m ‘hmdmŠ`,d¡go Vmo g^r ^JdX²dmMH$ hmoVo h¢ naÝVw g¥{ï>brbm‘| ""gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË`Yramo Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm{^dXZ² `X² AmñVo'' O¡go lw{VdMZm|Ho$ AmYmana g^r dUm}nXm| dmŠ`m| Am¡a ‘hmdmŠ`m| ‘| VÎmV² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}Ho$ dmMH$V`m epŠVg§H$moMH$sà{H«$`m ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. VXZwgma g^r‘| ñd-ñdmW©dmMH$Vm ‘mÝ` aIr J`rhmoZona ^r dU©g‘wXm`mË‘H$ nXmW©~moYH$mo CËnÝZ H$aZo‘| VÎmX² dU© Ho$dbñ‘maH$ hr ah OmVo h¢, dmMH$ Zht, AÝ`Wm dmMH$ hmoZona ^r. Bgr VahnXg‘wXm`mË‘H$ dmŠ`mW©~moYH$mo CËnÝZ H$aZo‘| VÎmV² nX ñd-ñdmW©Ho$ ñ‘maH$hr ah OmVo h¢ dmMH$ Zht. Bgr Vah dmŠ`g‘wXm`mË‘H$ ‘hmdmŠ`‘| VÎmX² dmŠ`^r ñd-ñdmW©ñ‘maH$ hr ah OmVo h¢, dmMH$ Zht. AV… dU© nX Ed§ dmŠ`VrZm|H$s dmMH$Vm {gÕmÝVm{^‘V hr h¡. AV… J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ nXm|Ho$ ÛmamnXmW©~moY O~ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ V~ nXepŠVH$s ñ‘¥{V EH$ Aä wnm` h¡ Am¡admŠ`Ho$ Ûmam emãX~moY O~ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡ V~ dmŠ`md`d^yV nXOÝ`nXmW©ñ‘¥{V ghH$m[aUr ~ZVr h¡. Bgr Vah ‘hmdmŠ`‘| AdmÝVadmŠÒÝ`

AdmÝVadmŠ`mW©ñ‘¥{V ghH$m[aUr ~ZVr h¡. "dmŠ`' eãXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ :nXmWm]H$m nañna g§gJ©. AV… dmŠ`nXr`Ho$ ""Z dmŠ`‘| nX hmoVo h¢, Z nX‘| dU©hr; Am¡a Z dUm]‘| Ad`d hr'' Eogo {dYmZm|H$m {gÕmÝVm{^‘V g‘mYmZ `hrh¡ {H$ dmMH$ dU© AWdm dmMH$ nX dmŠ` ‘| Zht hmoVo, EVmdVm AdmMH$ñ‘maH$ ^r Zht hmo gH$Vo Eogm H$hm Zht Om gH$Vm h¡.

dñVwVñVw ‘mÊSw>Š`mon{ZfX²Ho$ "" "›' BËòVX² Aja‘² BX§ gdª Vñ`Cnì`m»`mZ‘²'' VWm EoVao mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""AH$mamo d¡ gdm© dmH²$'' O¡go dMZm|Ho$AmYmana dmUr‘mÌ "A'H$ma `m "›'H$ma H$m {dñVma h¡. AV… bm¡{H$H$ hmo `md¡{XH$ g^r dU© nX `m dmŠ`m|H$s ‘m¡{bH$ ^JdX²dmMH$Vm lm¡V{gÕmÝVV`m‘mÝ` aIZr hr Mm{h o. d¡ mH$aUm|Ho$ ‘VHo$ AZwgma g^r nX g^r AWm] `m gÎmmHo$ dmMH$ hmoVo h¢, BgH$m dmñV{dH$ A{^àm` hr h¡ {H$ ñd § ~«÷ gpÀMXmZÝXê$nh¡ AV… g^r CgrHo$ dmMH$ h¢. VÎmX² Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m}Ho$ dmMH$ VÎmX² dU© nXdmŠ` ~Z nm | Eogm epŠVg§H$moM ^Jd{XÀN>`m ^JdëbrbmHo$ ê$n‘| hr Ho$dbàH$Q> hþdm h¡.

Bg gÝX ©‘| EH$ Am¡a e§H$m `h CR>m H$a {ZañV H$s J`r h¡ {H$ bm¡{H$H$dU©-nXm|H$mo Am¡a d¡{XH$ dU©-nXm|H$mo gwZZona XmoZm|‘| H$moB© VmaVå` Vmo AZw yVZht hmoVm, Vmo Bg bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$ {d^mJH$mo àm‘m{UH$ H¡$go ‘mZm Om o? BggÝX ©‘| ^mÅ>m|Ho$ bmoH$doXm{YH$aUH$s O¡{‘{ZgyÌ‘ybH$VmH$m AñdrH$ma H$aVo hþdoJ«ÝWH$maZo ì`mH$aUemñÌ VWm N>ÝXemñÌ Ho$ Abmdm AÜ`mnZmÜ``Zm{XHo${Z`‘m|Ho$ oXHo$ AmYmana ^r XmoZm|‘| VmaVå`Ho$ {gÕmÝVH$mo C{MV R>ham`m h¡.

doXHo$ g^r dU© nX dmŠ`m| Ho$ Ûmam àmW{‘H$V`m dmÀ` Vmo Ho$db ^JdmZ²hr hmoVo h¢. naÝVw nydm}ŠV epŠVg§H$moMH$s à{H«$`mÛmam brbmW© àH$Q> ^JdmZ²Ho$AZoH$mZoH$ ê$n ^r ~Z OmVo h¢. `hr ~mV nwamUm|na ^r bmJy hmoVr h¡ Š`m|{H$N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""B{VhmgnwamU§ nÄM‘§ doXmZm§ doX…'' VWm ""nwamU§ öX`§ñ‘¥V‘'' O¡go lm¡V-nm¡am{UH$ dMZm|Ho$ AmYmana doXHo$ dmñV{dH$ A{^àm`H$mohr B{Vhmg-nwamU ^r àH$Q> H$aZm MmhVo h¢, Eogm ñd § lw{VnwamUm|H$m A{^J‘hmoZogo BÝh| doXdV² ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. BZ J«ÝWm|Ho$ Abmdm AÝ`Ì dmŠ`mW©~w{ÕH$pënV hmoZogo Aì`d{hVV`m ^JdX²dmMH$ Zht hmoVo. AV… J«ÝWH$ma

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H$hVo h¢ {H$ ^JdX²JrVm-^mJdVnwamU d¡ mgXe©Z Am¡a ì`mH$aU Ho$ AmYmanaeãXm{XHo$ ñdê$nH$mo {dMmaZona eãXH$m AW©Ho$ gmW Omo {ZË`gå~ÝY ñdrH$mamJ`m h¡, dh ^JdÐÿn AW©Ho$ gÝX ©‘| hr H$hr J`r ~mV h¡. Š`m|{H$ ì`dhma‘|nXm|H$m {ZË`gå~ÝY àdmhê$n AW©Ho$ gmW ^r ñdrH$mam J`m h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma Bg {dMmaHo${b o àd¥Îm hþdo h¢ {H$ `{X d¡{XH$ nX-nXmW© bm¡{H$H$ nX-nXmWm]go {^ÝZ hm| Vmo {H$gr d¡{XH$ nXH$s CgHo$ dmÀ`mW©‘|epŠV H¡$go Am¡a H$hm§ J¥hrV hmo nm oJr? Am¡a Bgr Vah {gÕmÝVV… bm¡{H$H$nX-nXmWm]H$s epŠV ^r H$hm§-H¡$go J¥hrV hmoVr h¡.

CÎmaê$noU `h g‘Pm`m J`m h¡ {H$ gd©àW‘ Vmo ídoVmídVamon{ZfX²Ho$ ""`mo~«÷mU§ {dXYm{V nydª mo d¡ doXm§íM à{hUmo{V Vñ‘¡ V§ h Xod‘² AmË‘~w{ÕàH$me‘²''O¡go dMZHo$ AmYmana ^JdËH¥$nm Vmo gd©àW‘ hoVw h¡ hr. gmW hr gmW~«÷mOrH$mo Omo AmÚ CnXoe ^JdmZ² ZmamÙZo {X`m CgHo$ ~mX ~«÷mOrZoAÝ`mÝ` F${fAm|H$mo VWm AnZo ‘mZg nwÌm|H$mo Omo CnXoe {X`m, `m| BZCnXoenaånamAm|go àd{V©V hþdo {d{^ÝZ d¡{XH$ gåàXm`m|Ho$ AmMm`m]Ûmam {X oOmVo CnXoem|Ho$ H$maU ^r d¡{XH$ eãXm|H$m CZ-CZ AWm]Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY J¥hrVhmo nmVm h¡.

Bggo {dnarV AYmo{Z{X©ï> à{H«$`mH$mo J«ÝWH$ma A‘mÝ` H$aVo h¢ :

1nhbo H$moB© ~mbH$ {H$gr à`moÁ`d¥ÕH$mo ""K‹S>m bmAmo Am¡aH$n‹S>m bo OmAmo'' O¡go à`moOH$d¥ÕÛmam H$ho OmVo dMZH$mo gwZVm h¡.2~mX‘| à`moÁ`d¥ÕH$mo K‹S>m bmVo Am¡a H$n‹S>m bo OmVo XoIVm h¡. 3AV…Eogo eãXmoÀMmaUH$s {H«$`mgo n¡Xm hmoVo à`ËZ, 4Cg à`ËZHo$ H$maUV`md¡gr BÀN>m, 5Cg BÀN>mHo$ H$maUV`m d¡go kmZH$m, dh ~mbH$,6ñd`§Ho$ g‘PZoH$s à{H«$`mH$s g‘mZVmHo$ AmYmana AZw‘mZ H$aboVm h¡. ’$bV… 7""K‹S>m bmAmo Am¡a H$n‹S>m bo OmAmo'' dMZ‘| "K‹S>m'

"H$n‹S>m' "bmZm' Am¡a "bo OmZm' nXm|Ho$ VÎmX² AWm]Ho$ gmW VÎmV²eãXm|H$m gå~ÝY dh J¥hrV H$a boVm h¡.

BVZr O{Q>b AmZw‘m{ZH$ à{H«$`mÛmam H$moB© ~mbH$ eãXm|Ho$ gmW AWm]H$mgå~ÝY {ZYm©[aV H$aVm hmo Eogm Amdí`H$ Zht bJVm. Š`m|{H$ Bg VahHo$AZw‘mZ‘| `m Vmo ì`mpßVkmZH$s H$maUVmH$m AñdrH$ma H$aZm n‹S>oJm `m {’$a EH$~mbH$Ho$ ^rVa ^r O{Q>b AmZw‘m{ZH$ à{H«$`m H$a nmZoH$s àm¡‹T>~w{Õ ñdrH$maZrn‹S>oJr. AV… eãXmW©gå~ÝYJ«hUH$s Bg à{H«$`mH$mo A{Zdm © Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡.~«÷mOrH$mo O~ ^JdmZ²Zo doXmonXoe {X`m V~ Eogm H$moB© à`moÁ`d¥Õ ~«÷mOrHo$gm‘Zo CnbãY Wm Eogm nm¡am{UH$ d¥ÎmmÝV {H$gr ^r nwamU‘| CnbãY Z hmoVmhmoZogo ^r Bg à{H«$`mH$mo A{Zdm ©V`m ñdrH$maZm AZmdí`H$ ‘mZm J`m h¡.

eãXmW©Ho$ ~rM àË`mæ`àË`m`H$^md gå~ÝYHo$ {ddoMZmW© àd¥Îm hmoVo hþdoJ«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ AW© àË`mæ` hmoVm h¡ Am¡a eãX àË`m`H$. `h eãX H$^ràmW{‘H$epŠVÛmam, Vmo H$^r bjUmÛmam, Vmo H$^r Jm¡UrÛmam, Vmo H$^r g§Ho$VÛmam,Vmo H$^r epŠV «‘Ûmam ^r àË`m`H$ ~ZVm h¡.

e§H$m `hm§ `h CR>Vr h¡ {H$ Eogr pñW{V‘| Bg gå~ÝYH$mo {ZË`V`mñdrH$maZm CnnÝZ Zht hmoJm. Š`m|{H$ eãXH$s AW©àË`m`H$Vm `{X {ZË` hmo VmoBVZo {d{dY àH$mam|H$s Z Vmo H$moB© Cn`mo{JVm {gÕ hmoJr Am¡a Z àm‘m{UH$Vmhr. eãX‘| ahr ñdm^m{dH$ epŠVdemV² hr AW©H$m àË`m`Z `{X hmoVm hmo VmoCg epŠVH$m ~moY eãXHo$ Ho$db gwZm`r XoZogo Vmo gå^d Zht, Š`m|{H$ ~hmoVgmar Üd{Z`m§ {ZaÝVa gwZm`r XoVr ahVr h¢ naÝVw CZH$m AW© Vmo Hw$N> ^r ZhthmoVm. Z `h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AW©àË`m`H$ËdoZ {H$gr eãXHo$ gwZm`r XoZogoeãXmW© J¥hrV hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ V~ Vmo An «§e mfmAm|Ho$ eãX r AW©àË`m`H$ËdoZgwZm`r Vmo XoVo hr h¢ gmo dhm§ ^r AW©àË`m`ZepŠV AH$m‘Jbon{VV hmoJr.

Hw$N> {dMmaH$m|Ho$ AZwgma An «§e ^mfmAm|Ho$ eãX epŠV(A{^Ym)d¥{ÎmÛmamdmMH$ Z hmoZona ^r bjUm `m d¥{ÎmÛmam AW©àË`m`H$ hmo OmVo h¢, `h gmoM ^r

46 47

R>rH$ Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ {Og eãXH$s {H$gr ^r AW©‘| epŠV Z hmo dh eŠ`mW©gogå~Õ {H$gr AW©H$m bjUmd¥{Îmgo ^r H¡$go àË`m`H$ ~Z nmòJm? AV…eãXm|‘o Eogr AZm{XdmMH$VmH$m {gÕmÝV ^r, H$‘go H$‘, Z¡`m{`H$m| Am¡a‘r‘m§gH$m| Ho$ ‘V‘o Vmo CnnÝZ Zht hmo nmVm. Š`m|{H$ BZ ‘Vm|‘| AZm{Xdm{MH$meãXepŠVH$m CgHo$ AW©Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Zodmbm H$m¡Z hmo gH$Vm h¡?Z¡ m{`H$m|Ho$ ‘V‘| B©ídaÛmam g§Ho${VV {H$`m OmVm ‘mZ| Vmo An «§e ^mfmHo$eãXm|H$mo `m Vmo AWm©àË`m`H$ ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm `m CZ-CZ ^mfmAm|Ho$ AZoH$mZoH$eãXm|Ho$ ^r CZ-CZ AWm]‘| g§Ho$V B©ída{ZYm©[aV h¢ Eogm ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.

Bg Xw{dYmHo$ g‘mYmZV`m dmëb^ doXmÝV Hw$N> Eogr à{H«$`m àñVwV H$aZmMmhVm h¡ {H$ XoeV… H$mbV… Am¡a ñdê$nV… An[apÀN>ÝZ ~«÷‘| brbmW© àH$Q>{d{^ÝZ {Ì{dY ê$nn[aÀN>oXm| Ed§ {Û{dY Zm‘n[aÀN>oXm| H$s {~å~ Am¡a Xn©UJVà{V{~å~ Ho$ O¡gr BVaoVamZwê$nVm hr AW©~moYm{d^m©{dH$m ghO A{^YmepŠV~Z OmVr h¡. JdmZ² ZmamÙÛmam ~«÷mOrH$mo d¡{XH$ eãXm|H$m Am¡a JdXd`dê$nAWm]H$m `hr {~å~-à{V{~å~^md-ê$n ldU-Xe©Z g¥{ï>{Z‘m©Ugo nyd© H$am`mJ`m, `h ^mJdVHo$ {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYHo$ nÄM‘mÜ`m`Ho$ 12-42 Am¡a fð>mÜ`m`Ho$1-32 íbmoH$m|‘o {Zê${nV h¡.

bm¡{H$H$ eãXm|H$m AnZo AWm]Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY H¡$go J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ Eogr{OkmgmHo$ g‘mYmZV`m `hr AdYo h¡ {H$ bm¡{H$H$ ^mfmHo$ eãXm|Ho$ VÎmX²AWm]‘o g§Ho$VH$m à`moOH$ `m ì`dñWmnH$ VÎmX²Xoer` CÀMmaU hr hmoVm h¡.J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ AVEd Adm©MrZm|H$mo AnZr-AnZr ^mfmHo$ eãXm|Ho$‘mÜ`‘go Omo AW©~moY CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo epŠV «‘de `m bjUmd¥{ÎmÛmamCËnÝZ hþdm ~moY ‘mZZm Amdí`H$ Zht h¡. Š`m|{H$ ~më`H$mb‘| AnZr ‘mV¥ mfmHo$eãXm|Ho$ n`m© V`m g§ñH¥$V `m d¡{XH$ eãXm|Ho$ g§Ho$V VÎmX² AWm]‘| J¥hrV hmo nmVoh¢. nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`‘| `h Omo H$hm J`m {H$ An «§e eãXm|‘| epŠV Zht hmoVr,Cgo ""AZm{X epŠV Zht hmoVr'' Eogo A{^àm`Ho$ ê$n‘| g‘PZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$""gd©Wm epŠV Zht hmoVr'' Eogm A{^àm` Vmo CnnÝZ Zht hmo nmVm. AV… O¡gog§ñH¥$V^mfmHo$ Xmo n`m© m|‘| epŠV ñdrH$mar OmVr h¡, d¡go hr g§ñH¥$V^mfm Am¡aàmH¥$V^mfm Ho$ ^r g‘mZmWu eãXm|H$mo nañnan`m© V`m ñdrH$ma boZm Mm{h o.

ì`dhma‘| eãXm|H$s AW©~moYH$Vm epŠV VrZ Vahgo H$m © H$aVr nm`rOmVr h¡ : (1)‘w»`m d¥{Îm (2)Jm¡Ur d¥{Îm (3)VmËn ©d¥{Îm.

BZ‘| ‘w»`m d¥{ÎmHo$ nwZ… VrZ àôX hmoVo h¢ : (1/H$)ê${T>d¥{Îm (1/I)`moJd¥{Îm (1/J)`moJê$T>d¥{Îm.

(1/H$)nydm}ŠVarË`m Ohm§ epŠVg§H$moMH$s à{H«$`mÛmam {H$gr EH$ eãXH$m{Og AW©‘| ì`dhma àH$Q> hmo Cgo "ê$T>r' H$hm OmVm h¡.

(1/I)Ohm§ {H$gr nXHo$ AZoH$ Ad`dm|H$s epŠVAm|Ho$ Omo‹S>go {H$Ýht Xmo`m A{YH$ AWm]H$mo Omo‹S> H$a EH$mW©V`m ~moY CËnÝZ H$amZm A{^b{fV hmo dhm§`moJd¥{Îm g‘Pr OmVr h¡; CXmhaUV`m, "nmMH$' nX "nH$mZo' H$s {H«$`m Am¡aCg {H«$`mH$mo gånÝZ H$aZodmbo H$Vm©Ho$ dmMH$ "H$' àË``H$mo Omo‹S> H$a K‹S>mJ`m eãX h¡.

(1/J){H$gr `m Hw$N> `m¡{JH$ AW©Ho$ Ë`mJÛmam AÝ` {H$gr EH$ `m¡{JH$AW©H$mo O~ OVmZm hmo Vmo; CXmhaUV`m, "n§H$O' eãX n§H$‘| CËnÝZ hmoZodmbrg^r dñVwAm|H$m dmMH$ Z hmoH$a Ho$db H$‘bHo$ dmMH$V`m à wŠV hmoVm h¡ VmoCgo `moJê$T>d¥{ÎmÛmam H$‘b nwînH$m dmMH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

(2)Jm¡Ur, eãXH$s ‘w»`d¥{Îmgo gå~Õ {H$gr AW©H$m ~moY CËnÝZ H$aZodmbr,d¥{ÎmHo$ Xmo à oX hmoVo h¢ : (2/H$)’$bbjUm (2/I)Jm¡Ur.

(2/H$){H$gr ’$b{deofHo$ ÚmoVZmW© namojV`m {H$gr AW©H$m ~moY CËnÝZH$aZm A^rï> hmo Vmo dh nX‘| ’$bbjUm `m à`moOZbjUm d¥{ÎmÛmam gånÝZhmoVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m ""J§Jmna Jm§d ~gm hþdm h¡'' H$ho OmZona J§JmVQ>na ~goJm§d‘| R>§S>H$ Am¡a n{dÌVm Ho$ JwUm|H$m {Zê$nU namojV`m {dd{jV bJVm h¡.

48 49

(2/I){H$gr eãXHo$ eŠ`mW©Ho$ Omo JwU hm| Eogo hr JwUm|dmbr Xygar {H$grdñVwH$mo, CXmhaUV`m, {H$gr J§dmaH$mo "~¡b' `m " ¢gm' H$hZona Jm¡Ur d¥{ÎmH$mà`moJ {H$`m OmVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

Bggo {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ZmZm{dY dm½ì`dhmaH$mo gånÝZ H$aZoH$mo eãXepŠVH$mdV©Z r ZmZm{dY ~Z OmVm hmoZogo, BZ d¥{ÎmAm|H$m oX I‹S>m hmoVm h¡. J«ÝWH$maH$mo{Zê$T>bjUm Am¡a b{jVbjUm Ho$ à oX ‘mÝ` Zht h¢.

Kmo‹S>oHo$ {MÌH$mo Omo "Kmo‹S>m' H$hm OmVm h¡ Cgo Vmo Jm¡Ur d¥{Îm hr ‘mZZmC{MV ‘mZm h¡.

’$bbjUm Am¡a Jm¡Ur Ho$ AdmÝVa oXm|H$s {ddoMZm‘| J«ÝWH$ma {dñVma^`goCbPZm Zht MmhVo EVmdVm CZH$m AñdrH$ma Zht g‘P boZm Mm{h o.

(3)VmËn`©d¥{ÎmH$mo, J«ÝWH$ma, {H$gr AW©{deofH$s BÀN>mde {H$greãX{deofH$m CÀMmaU H$aZoHo$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV H$aVo h¢.

Bgr Vah g§Ho$V Am¡a epŠV «‘ H$m ê$T>r‘| AÝV^m©d ñdrH$maVo h¢.

eãXH$s ò {d{dY d¥{Îm`m§ VWm nañnamH$m§jm nañnamÝd``mo½`Vm VWmnañnamg{Îm nhbogo AdJV hm| V^r emãX~moY CËnÝZ H$a nmVr h¢ AÝ`Wm Zht.

`hm§ J«ÝWH$ma `h Iwbmgm ^r H$aVo h¢ {H$ ""J§Jmna Jm§d ~gm hþdm h¡''O¡go dmŠ`H$s Vah ""AmJgo gtMVm h¡'' O¡go dmŠ` ^r ""AmJ {OVZo Ja‘Obgo gtMVm h¡'' Eogm ~moY CËnÝZ H$aZo gj‘ hmo gH$Vo h¢. AV… `mo½`VmH$mkmZ dŠVmHo$ VmËn ©H$mo OmZ nmZo `m Z OmZ nmZona {Z ©a hmoVm h¡.

Amg{Îm Vmo eãXmo‘| ahr ñ‘maH$epŠV hmoVr h¡.

Bgr Vah AmH$m§jmH$mo dmŠ`gm‘Ï ©go A{V[aŠV Zht ñdrH$mam h¡.

bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`mW©~moY‘| nXOÝ`m nXmW©ñ‘¥{VHo$ gh`moJde, ì`mH$aU‘VHo$AZwgma, {MañWm{`kmZHo$ ê$n‘| öX`‘| dV©‘mZ dmŠ` AnZm AW© OVmVo h¢.AÝ` {H$gr {df`Ho$ kmZgo A{^ yV hmoZona Eogo dmŠ`mW©kmZH$s ñWybmdñWm{Vamo{hV hmo OmVr h¡; {’$a ^r, dh g§ñH$mamË‘Zm ~w{Õ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡ Am¡a{H$gr C×moYH$Ho$ Ûmam C×þÕ {H$ o OmZona nwZ… AÝV…H$aU‘| dmŠ`mW©ñ‘aUCËnÝZ H$a gH$Vm h¡.

d¡{XH$ dmŠ` Vmo, JdËH¥$nm {X {H$grH$mo {‘b nm o Vmo, gd©V… brbm{d{eï>^JdmZ²H$m hr AnZr ghOepŠVÛmam ~moY CËnÝZ H$aVo h¡.

d¡{XH$ dmŠ` brbm{d{eï> ^JdmZ²H$m ~moY CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢, Eogo {dYmZHo$’${bVmW©V`m d¡{XH$ dmŠ`m|H$s {gÕmW©~moYH$Vm hr `{X ‘mZr Om o Vmo doXHo$gmÜ`mW©{dYm`H$ dmŠ`H$mo gwZ H$a H$moB© {d{hVH$‘©‘| àd¥Îm Š`m| hmoJm? doXm|H$s{gÕmW©~moYH$Vm ‘h{f© O¡{‘{ZHo$ ‘Vgo ^r {déÕ OmVr ~mV h¡.

Bg Amn{ÎmH$m g‘mYmZ J«ÝWH$ma `m| XoVo h¢ {H$ ^JdÁkmZmdVma ‘h{f©~mXamÙ doXì`mgHo$ ‘Vgo A{déÕ hr ‘h{f© O¡{‘{ZH$m ‘V doXmÝV‘| ‘mÝ` h¡.`h VÏ` doXmÝVgyÌm|Ho$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZodmbm|Ho$ {b o Vmo gwñnï> hr h¡ Š`m|{H$O¡{‘{Z‘VH$mo ~hþYm ñd §Ho$ ‘Vgo AbJ ‘VHo$ ê$n‘| ~«÷gyÌm|‘| CÕ¥V {H$`mJ`m h¡. ahr ~mV d¡{XH$ {d{Y-{ZfoYm|Ho$ {ZaW©H$ {gÕ hmoZoH$s, Vmo dmëb^doXmÝV `h ñdrH$maZo CÚV Zht h¡ {H$ Ho$db {d{Y-{ZfoYm|Ho$ ldU‘mÌgo{H$grHo$ ^rVa {d{hV `m {Z{fÕ H$‘m]Ho$ {b o àd¥{Îm `m {Zd¥{Îm CËnÝZ hmo OmVrh¡. doXHo$ {d{Y-{ZfoY Vmo Ho$db {H$g H$‘©go H¡$gm ’$b àmßV hmo gH$Vm h¡ `m{H$g H$‘©H$mo H$aZogo H¡$gm nmn bJ gH$Vm h¡, Bg VahHo$ ’$bgmYZ^mdH$m{Zê$nU hr Ho$db H$aVo h¢. àd¥{Îm-{Zd¥{Îm Vmo OrdmË‘mHo$ ^rVa {~amO‘mZAÝV`m©‘r na‘mË‘mH$s AÝV…àoaUmHo$ AZwgma hr hmo nmVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ eãXm|‘|

50 51

`{X àdV©Zmgm‘Ï © `m {ZdV©Zmgm‘Ï © hmoVr Vmo Omo H$moB© CÝh| gwZVo hm| CZg^r‘| àd¥{Îm-{Zd¥{Îmê$n H$m © CËnÝZ hmoZm Mm{h o. Eogm {H$ÝVw hmoVm Zht h¡.AV… {d{Y-{ZfoYdmŠ`m|Ho$ AW©H$s ‘r‘m§gm H$aVo hþdo àñVwV J«ÝWH$maZo hrAÝ`Ì, ^mdmW©nmX^mî`{ddaU‘|, ^r `h ñnï>Vm H$s h¡ {H$ nyd©H$mÊS>‘|{gÕmdñWmnÝZ YmËdW©ê$n {H«$`mË‘H$ CXmgrZ Y‘© d¡{XH$ Zm‘nXm|Ûmam ~mo{YVhmoVm h¡; Bgr Vah, gmÜ`mdñWmnÝZ nwéfmnoj YmËdW© yV {H«$`mË‘H$ nwéfmW©ê$nY‘© d¡{XH$ Am»`mVnXm|Ûmam ~mo{YV hmoVm h¡. AV… Ohm§ VH$ {H$gr H$‘©‘| àd¥ÎmhmoZo `m {H$gr H$‘©go {Zd¥Îm hmoZoH$s àoaUmH$m gdmb h¡ Vmo dh Vmo {d{Y-{ZfoYÛmam eŠ` h¡. EVmdVm, naÝVw, {d{Y-{ZfoYeãXm|H$mo àd¥{ÎmOZH$ `m{Zd¥{ÎmOZH$ hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| ‘mÝ` Zht aIm Om gH$Vm. AÝ`Wm doXdMZm|H$mo gwZVohr g^r ì`pŠV Ym{‘©H$ ~Z OmZo Mm{h o Wo. Bgr Vah doXHo$ {d{Y-{ZfoYm|‘|lÕm aIZodmbm|go H$^r AY‘m©MaU hmoZm hr Zht Mm{h o Wm

Eogr pñW{V‘| {d{hV H$‘m©W© H$Vm©H$mo CËgm{hV H$aZodmbo AW©dmXm|H$m ‘ybà`moOZ `hr {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$V©ì` yV H$‘©H$m ‘mhmËå` OmZ H$a hr {H$grA{YH$marH$mo {H$gr H$‘©‘| àd¥Îm hmoZm Mm{hò. H$‘©ñdê$nkmZH$s VahH$‘©‘mhmËå`kmZ ^r H$‘m©Zwð>mZ‘| A§J yV hmoVm h¡. AV… H$‘©Ho$, `m H$‘mªJ yV{H$gr Xoe H$mb Ðì` ‘ÝÌ H$‘© H$Vm© Am{XHo$, AWdm Cg H$‘©go bä` ’$bHo$‘mhmËå`H$m kmnZ AW©dmX H$aVo h¢. AV… gmYZ Am¡a ’$b Ho$ ñdê$n{Zê$nUÛmamd¡{XH$ {d{Y-{ZfoYm|H$m àdV©H$Ëd `m {ZdV©H$Ëd ñdrH$mam Omò Vmo H$moB©Amn{ÎmH$s ~mV Zht; naÝVw, d¡{XH$ {d{Y-{ZfoYm|H$mo ’$b‘wIV`m àdV©H$ `m{ZdV©H$ ‘mZm Zht Om gH$Vm h¡. `h ’$b‘wIàdV©H$Vm `m ’$b‘wI{ZdV©H$VmVmo na‘oídaHo$ gdm©ÝV`m©‘r ê$nH$s hr hmoVr h¡, d¡{XH$ eãXm|H$s Zht. AV…{d{Y-{ZfoYdmŠ` ’$b-gmYZ^mdH$mo OmZZoHo$ à‘mU hmoVo h¢, àdV©H$ `m{ZdV©H$ Zht. AVEd {d{Y-{ZfoYHo$ ~mdOyX H$moB© àd¥Îm hmo `m Z hmoVm hmo;AWdm Vmo {Zd¥Îm hmo `m Z hmoVm hmo, EVmdVm doXdMZm|H$m àm‘mÊ` A§eV… ^rHw$pÊR>V `m ~m{YV Zht hmo OmVm.

AVEd ñdmW©‘| ^r à‘mU hmoZoH$s YmaUmHo$ AZwê$n AW©dmXHo$ Xmo hr oX‘mÝ` aIo J o h¢ : (1)AZwdmX (2) yVmW©dmX. Bg gÝX ©‘| `h AdYo h¡ {H$

àË`jm{Xgo {déÕ {H$gr AW©Ho$ ~moYH$ eãXH$mo "JwUdmX' H$hm OmVm h¡;naÝVw, Eogo {Zê$nUm|‘| ^r {H$gr Abm¡{H$H$mW©H$m g§Ho$V hmoZogo, VWmH${WVJwUdmXm|H$mo AW©dmXH$m AdmÝVa oX ‘mZZm AZmdí`H$ hr h¡.

lm¡V eãXm|Ho$ {dMmaHo$ ~mX ñ‘¥{VHo$ eãXm|H$m {dMma H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$maH$hVo h¢ {H$ dh F${f`m|Ho$ nyd©M[aVH$s ñ‘aUê$nm hmoVr h¢. ñ‘¥{V`m§ {ZË`mZw‘odoX‘y{bH$m ^r hmo gH$Vr h¡. AV… Omo ñ‘¥{V {ZË`mZw‘o doX‘y{bH$m hm| CZH$màm‘mÊ` Vmo doXdV² hr hmoVm h¡. AÝ` Vmo doXgo A{déÕ hmoZona hr à‘mU hmoVrh¢.

ñ‘¥{V Am¡a nwamU Ho$ ~rM H$ht {damoYm^mg bJVm hmo Vmo nwamUH$m àm‘mÊ`hr ~bdÎma ‘mZZm Mm{h o.

dmë‘r{H$am‘mÙH$m Am¡a ‘hm^maVH$m Vmo g‘m{Y^mfm Am¡a doXì`m»`mZê$nhmoZoHo$ H$maU doXdV² hr àm‘mÊ` A{^b{fV h¡.

gm§»`-`moJ-H$mUmXmjnmX-dm{gð>am‘mÙH$m àm‘mÊ` Vmo doXm{déÕdoXmZdJV AWm]Ho$ {Zê$nU‘| hr ‘mÝ` h¡. Bgr Vah VÝÌm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r g‘P boZmMm{hò.

AmYw{ZH$ dŠVmAm|Ho$ àË`jmZw‘mZ‘ybH$ dmŠ`m|H$m àm‘mÊ` BZ nyd©n[aJ{UVemñÌm|go ^r Ý yZVa hmoVm h¡, h‘mar AënkVmHo$ AZwê$n. Bg‘| {gÕmW©dmŠ``{X g§{ZH¥$ï>dñVw{df`H$ hmo Vmo àË`jkmZHo$ ghH$mar hoVwV`m dh ‘mÝ` hmoVmh¡. {dàH¥$ï>dñVw{df`H$ hmo Vmo AW©gÎmmHo$ gpÝX½Y hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cggo CËnÝZhmoVm kmZ gå^mdZmË‘H$ hr ‘mZm OmVm h¡, à‘mË‘H$ Zht, O¡go ~ÀMm|Ho$ ÛmamH$hr J`r ~mV gå^mdZmË‘H$ kmZ àH$Q> H$aVr h¢ d¡go hr.

52 53

àVmaH$m|Ho$ dmŠ`, AWdm ñd § àVmaH$ Z ^r hmo naÝVw hmo «mpÝVdemV²àVmaH$ O¡go dmŠ`à`moJ H$aVm hmo, Vmo Cgo ^r gwZ H$a H$moB© ~mV gwZZodmboH$mog‘P‘| Am OmVr h¡. `h, naÝVw, {dídmgOmS²>çH$m ’$b h¡.

AV… {gÕmW©{Zê$nH$ bm¡{H$H$dmŠ`m|H$m Jm¡U àm‘mÊ` hmoVm h¡ naÝVwdmŠ`mW© yV ~w{ÕH$pënV g§gJ©Ho$ A{dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU VWm g§gJu {H«$`mHo$^r {dÚ‘mZ Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU gmÜ`mW©{Zê$nH$ bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ` Vmo gå^mdZmË‘H$kmZOZH$ hmoZogo Aà‘mU hr hmoVo h¢.

Bg Vah doX-doXmÝV hr gH$b à‘mUm|‘| ‘yY©Ý` {gÕ hmoVo h¢. doXmW©H$mAnamoj{ZíM` Vmo VnAm{X Abm¡{H$H$ gmYZm|Ûmam hr hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ÝVwnamoj{ZíM` gÝXohdmaH$ ñ‘¥{V nwamU ‘r‘m§gm Am{X emñÌm|Ûmam ^r hmo nmVm h¡.Š`m|{H$ doXmW©‘| CR>Vo gÝXohm|H$m {ZamH$aU ^JdX²JrVmHo$ dmŠ`m|Ho$ {d‘e© H$aZonahmo OmVm h¡. ^JdX²JrVmHo$ {Zê$nU‘| CR>Vo gÝXohm|H$m {ZdmaU ì`mggyÌm|Ho$ ÛmamAm¡a ì`mggyÌm|‘| CR>Vo gÝXohm|H$m {ZamH$aU ^mJdVnwamUÛmam hmo OmVm h¡.

AV… BZ Mmam|‘| EH$Xygaogo {déÕ bJVr H$moB© ~mV hmo Vmo dhm§ AnZr~w{Õgo {H$gr VahH$s H$ënZm H$aHo$ Cg H$pënV AW©Ho$ AmYmana BZHo$dmŠ`m|H$m AW© {ZH$mb boZm Vmo BZ Mmam|Ho$ dmŠ`m|H$mo Aàm‘m{UH$Vm‘| n ©d{gVH$aZm h¡. AV… BZ Mmam|H$m {d{d{XfmXem‘| Omo àm‘mÊ` ñdrH$mam J`m h¡, dhBZ‘| EH$dmŠ`VmnmXH$ dmŠ`mW©~moYHo$ de hr. {dÛÔem‘| Vmo {ZpIb dmL²>‘`doXVwë` à‘mU ~Z gH$Vm h¡.

AV… eãXOÝ`kmZ {H$Z AdñWmAm|‘| namojà‘mê$n hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H$ZAdñWmAm|‘| Zht `h {XIbm {X o OmZona BgH$m Z Vmo AZw‘mZ‘| AÝV^m©dñdrH$mam Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z Bggo CËnÝZ hmoVo kmZH$mo AnamojkmZ hr ‘mZmOm gH$Vm h¡.

Bg Vah emãXà‘mUHo$ ~mao‘| dmëb^ doXmÝVH$mo Omo Hw$N> {deofV`m{dd{jV h¡ dh Vmo {Zê${nV hþdm. eof g~ Hw$N> ì`mH$aUHo$ AZwgma ñdrH$maZmMm{h o. Š`m|{H$ Cg ‘VH$mo AmXaUr` ‘mZm J`m h¡.

3.àË`jà‘mHo$ H$aUH$m {Zê$nU : BpÝÐ`m|H$mo àË`jà‘mH$m H$aU g‘PZmMm{h o. o BpÝÐ`m§ Am§I ËdMm ZmH$ agZm H$mZ Am¡a ‘Z Ho$ oXde N>hàH$maH$s hmoVr h¢. ‘Z AÝV…H$aUmË‘H$ Am¡a BpÝÐ`mË‘H$ C^`{dY hmoVm h¡,O¡go dh {H«$`mË‘H$ VWm kmZmË‘H$ ^r hmoVm h¡. ò BpÝÐ`m§ AUwn[a‘mUAVrpÝÐ` Am¡a A{ZË` hmoZona ^r {MañWm`r VWm {dH$mar hmoVr h¢.

BZHo$ {df`V`m 1CX² yVê$n, CX² yVê$ndmZ² VWm CX² yVê$ndmbr dñVwAm|‘|ahVo g§»`m n[a‘mU n¥Wº$‰ g§ moJ {d^mJ naËd AnaËd doJ ê$nr JwU, BZ‘|àH$Q> hmoVo H$‘©, BZH$s "Ëd'àË``mW© yVm Y‘©ê$nm Om{V VWm BZ g^r JwU-H$‘©-Y‘m]H$m AnZo Y‘uHo$ gmW g‘dm` `m VmXmËå` BVZo {df` MjwJ«m©h² hmoVoh¡. 2CX² yVñne©, CX² yVñne©dmZ², CX² yVñne©dmbo Y‘u‘| ahZodmbo JwU-H$‘©-Y‘© VWm BZH$m AnZo Y‘uHo$ gmW VmXmËå` BVZo Ëd½J«mh² {df` hmoVo h¢.3CX² yVJÝY, CX² yVJÝYdmZ², CX² yVJÝYdmZm|‘| ahVo JwU-H$‘©-Y‘© VWm BZH$mAnZo Y‘uHo$ gmW VmXmËå` K«mUJ«mh² {df` hmoVo h¢. 4CX² yVag, CX² yVagdmZ²Ðì`, CX² yVagdmZm|Ho$ JwU-H$‘©-Y‘© VWm BZH$m AnZo Y‘uHo$ gmW VmXmËå`BVZo agZmJ«mh² {df` hmoVo h¢. 5CX² yVeãX, CX² yVeãXdmZ², CX² yVeãXdmZ²‘|ahZodmbo JwU-H$‘©-Y‘© VWm BZH$m AnZo Y‘ugo VmXmËå` BVZo lmoÌJ«mh²{df` hmoVo h¢.

{H$Ýht {dMmaH$m|Ho$ ‘V‘| K«mU agZm VWm H$U© BpÝÐ`m§ Ðì`J«m{hH$m Z hmoH$a Ho$db JwUJ«m{hH$m hr hmoVr h¢ naÝVw dmëb^ doXmÝVHo$ AZwgma Ðì`J«mhH$V`mCZH$m ñdrH$ma C{MV bJVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ amVHo$ A§Yoao‘| XyY nrZona Xw½YnmZH$aZoH$m, MånH$m{X nwînm|H$s JÝYHo$ gmW nwînm|H$m, Bgr Vah oar Am{XH$sÜd{ZH$mo gwZ H$a oar Am{X dmÚm|Ho$ ~OVo hmoZoH$m amgZ K«mUO VWm lmdUàË`j AZw y{VJmoMa hmoVm h¡.

54 55

AV… CX² yVJwUdmbr n¥Ïdr nm§Mm| BpÝÐ`m|H$s {df` ~ZVr h¡. CX² yVJwUdmbmOb K«mUm[a[aŠV Mmam| BpÝÐ`m|H$m {df` ~ZVm h¡. Eogm VoO K«mU-agZmgo {^ÝZVrZm| BpÝÐ`m|H$m {df` ~ZVm h¡. d¡gr dm w ËdMm Am¡a ldU ê$nr Xmo BpÝÐ`m|H$s{df` ~ZVr h¡. AmH$me, d¡go ê$na{hV hmoZoHo$ H$maU Mjw BpÝÐ`H$s AnZrgm‘Ï ©Ho$ H$maU {XIbm`r Z XoZodmbm hmoZona ^r, AnZo à‘o ~bgo Am§Im|go{XIbm`r Vmo Adí` XoVm h¡. {Xem Am¡a H$mb ^r d¡go ñd § BpÝÐ`J«mh² ZhmoZona ^r J«mh² mW©Ho$ {deofUV`m J¥hrV hmo nmVo h¢. H$m‘ Am{X ‘Zmod¥{Îm`m§ Vmo‘ZmoJ«mh² hr hmoVr h¢.

AmË‘m, AnZo ewÕ ê$n‘| Vmo, AmË‘Xe©ZmW© {d{hV emñÌr` gmYZm|Ho$Abmdm H$^r bm¡{H$H$ àË`jÛmam J«mh² Zht hmoVm. {’$a ^r AhÝVmHo$ gmWVmXmËå`mÜ`mgg§H$sU© "Ah§'~w{ÕÛmam J«mh² ~Z OmVm h¡.

à{V{~å~ JÝYd©ZJa BÝÐOmb Am{XH$s àVr{V BpÝÐ`gm‘Ï ©demV² Z hmoH$a nXmW©ñd^mddemV² hmoVr hmoZogo BZHo$ Am^mgZ‘| H$m ©-H$maU^mdH$s ImoOAZmdí`H$ h¡. Bgr Vah V‘H$mo ^r àH$meHo$ A^mdV`m ñdrH$mam Zht J`m h¡;naÝVw, ‘m{`H$ nXmW©V`m ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. ‘Zwî`Ho$ ZoÌm|H$s ~w{Z`mXr ~ZmdQ>goBgH$m gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡. AVEd AÝ` àmUr amVHo$ A§Yoao‘| ^r XoI nmVo h¢Š`m|{H$ CZHo$ Z`Zm|H$mo ‘m{`H$ V‘ T>§H$ Zht nmVm. O~{H$ ‘Zwî`Ho$ Z`ZAno{jV ‘mÌm‘| àH$me Z hmoZona ‘m{`H$ V‘go Amd¥V hmo OmVo h¢. Bgr Vahà{V{~å~H$mo r A{V[aŠV ‘m{`H$ nXmW©Ho$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. BZ {df`m|H$mgw{deX {Zê$nU, J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ AÝYH$madmX VWm à{V{~å~dmX ‘|{H$`m J`m hmoZogo, {OkmgwOZm|H$mo dht XoI boZoH$m H$ï> boZm Mm{h o. o XmoZm|dmX AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©V `mo{OV dmX h¢.

Z¡ m{`H$m|Ûmam à{Vnm{XV MVw{d©Y A^mdm|‘|go gd©àW‘ àmJ^md Vmo VÎmV²Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$s AnZo g‘dm`r `m CnmXmZËdoZ A{^‘V Ðì`H$s{Vamo mdghH¥$Vm Ed§ H$m`m©{d^m©dmZwHy$bm EH$ {deof AdñWm

hmoVr h¡. Bgr Vah àÜd§gm^md CgH$s d¡gr H$m ©à{VHy$bmdñWm h¡. AV…H$maUHo$ àË`jgo BZHo$ àË`jH$s ì`dñWm g‘Pr Om gH$Vr h¡. Bg {df`H$m

AdVmadmXmdbrHo$ AÝVJ©V AmVo Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mddmX‘| gw{deX {ddoMZ{H$`m J`m hmoZogo A{YH$ {ddoMZm `hm§ CnbãY Zht hmoVr. Ohm§ VH$AÝ`moÝ`m^mdHo$ àË`jH$m gdmb h¡ Vmo `h Bg {df`‘| AdYmaUr` h¡ {H$ XmoVahgo Cgo g‘Pm`m J`m h¡. gd©àW‘ Vmo, CXmhaUV`m, ""K‹S>m H$n‹S>m Zht h¡''O¡gr AZw y{V‘| K‹S>o‘| Omo H$n‹S>oH$m A^md àVrV hmoVm h¡ dh ""Š`m K‹S>m H$n‹S>mhmo gH$Vm h¡'' Eogo AmamonH$m ""K‹S>m H$n‹S>m hmo Zht gH$Vm'' AndmX H$aZonaàË`j hmoVm ñdrH$mam OmVm h¡. `hm§ Ü`mZ‘| aIZo bm`H$ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ {Oggå~ÝYgo K‹S>mê$n A{YH$aU‘| H$n‹S>m Zht ahVm Cg à{V`mo{JVmdÀN>oXH$VmHo${Z`m‘H$ gå~ÝYgo H$n‹S>mnZoH$m K‹S>o‘| AË`ÝVm^md hmoVm h¡, Eogm ñdrH$maZonaVmo dh ñdVÝÌ H$moB© A^md Z ah H$a AË`ÝVm^md hr {gÕ hmoJm. Am¡a ñd §KSo>‘| K‹S>m O¡go VmXmËå`gå~ÝYgo ahVm h¡ d¡go H$n‹S>o‘| Zht ahVm, Eogm {Zê$nU^r AÝ`moÝ`m^mdHo$ ~mao‘| {H$`m J`m h¡. Vmo Eogo A^mdH$m à{V`moJr Omo H$n‹S>mCgH$m Amamon nhbo K‹S>ona bJm H$a ~mX‘| CgH$m {ZfoY H$aZona Vmo H$n‹S>m ê$nrà{V`moJrHo$ {Vamo mdgo g§H$sU© K‹S>oHo$ ñdê$nH$m hr dh {Zê$nU {gÕ hmoVm h¡.AV… K‹S>o Am¡a H$n‹S>o Ho$ Bg VahHo$ AÝ`moÝ`m^mdH$m K‹S>o `m H$n‹S>o Ho$ ñdê$nm|‘|AÝV^m©d ‘mZ boZm C{MV h¡. ahr ~mV AË`ÝVm^mdH$s Vmo Cgo ^r {Vamo mdê$nhr g‘P boZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ AË`ÝVm^md JJZHw$gw‘H$s Vah {Z…ñd^md Vmo‘mZm Zht OmVm. AV… Ohm§ H$moB© dñVw Zht hmoVr dhm§ CgH$m AË`ÝVm^md hmoVmh¡, Eogm H$hZona, dhm§ CgHo$ {Vamo yV hmoZoH$s àVr{VHo$ Ûmam hr CgHo$ Z hmoZoH$sì`m»`m CnnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡. AV… ""`hm§ yVbna K‹S>m Zht h¡'' Eogm àË`jyVbH$m hr KQ>{Vamo md{d{eï> àË`j hmoVm h¡.

Bg Vah BpÝÐ`moHo$ {Zê$nUHo$ ~mX A~ BZ BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ ì`mnmam|H$m {Zê$nU^r AdgaàmßV h¡. Bg ì`mnmaH$mo "àË`mg{Îm' H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ Xmo oXhmoVo h¢ : (1)bm¡{H$H$ì`mnma (2)Abm¡{H$H$ì`mnma.

(1)bm¡{H$H$ì`mnmaHo$ nwZ… nm§M à oX h¢ : (1/H$)g§ moJ (1/I)VmXmËå` (1/

J)g§ wŠVVmXmËå` (1/K)g§ wŠV{deofUVm; Am¡a, (1/L>)ñdê$n.

(1/H$)Z`Zm|go {H$gr Ðì`H$m gmjmËH$ma g§ moJê$nm àË`mg{Îm `m ì`mnmaÛmam hmoVm h¡. (1/I)‘ZÛmam AnZo ^rVa àH$Q> hmoZodmbo g§H$ën{dH$ënm|H$m VWmgwI Am{X ‘Zmo mdm|H$m àË`j VmXmËå`àË`mg{ÎmÛmam gånÝZ hmoVm h¡. (1/

J)Ðì`{Zð> JwU-H$‘©-Y‘m}H$m àË`j g§ wŠVVmXmËå`ê$nm àË`mg{ÎmÛmam gånÝZhmoVm h¡. (1/K){Vamo mdH$m àË`j gd©Xm BpÝÐ`g§ wŠV{deofUVmê$nm àË`mg{ÎmÛmamgånÝZ hmoVm h¡. (1/L>)Bgr Vah ~w{Õd¥{ÎmAm|Ho$ J«hUmW© Vmo ñd § d¥{ÎmAm|H$mñdê$n hr àË`mg{Îm ~Z OmVm h¡.

(2)Abm¡{H$H$ì`mnmaHo$ VrZ à oX {XIbm o J o h¢ : (2/H$)gm‘mÝ` (2/

I)`moJO; Am¡a, (2/J)‘m`m.

(2/H$)gm‘mÝ`bjUm àË`mg{ÎmÛmam VÎmX² ì`pŠV‘| aho gm‘mÝ`Y‘©H$m àË`jhmoVm h¡. AV… AZwJVmH$maoU VX²ì`pŠVkmZ‘| Bg VahHo$ àË`mg{ÎmH$s Cn`mo{JVmh¡. (2/I)AZmJV AVrV `m AVrpÝÐ` dñVwAm|H$m àË`j `moJOàË`mg{ÎmÛmamhmoVm h¡. (2/J) ‘m{`H$àË`mg{Îm {H$gr Xoe-H$mb‘| A{dÚ‘mZ AWm©V² {Vamo{hVnXmWm}H$mo Cg Xoe-H$mb‘| àH$Q> {H$ò {~Zm ~w{Õ‘| CnñWm{nV H$aHo$àË`j «mpÝVH$mo CËnÝZ H$aZoH$m H$m‘ H$aVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$maZo dñVwH$mo gXgXmË‘H$ ‘mZZodmbo Xe©Zm|Ho$ AZwgmadñVwH$s AgXmË‘H$VmHo$ àË`jH$s ì`m»`mHo$ hoVw Omo AZwnbpãYê$n à‘mUmÝVaàñVm{dV {H$`m J`m h¡, CgH$m gw{deX {dMma {H$`m h¡. VXÝVJ©VlrnmW©gma{W{‘l, doXmÝVn[a^mfmH$ma, d¡eo{fH$ VWm Z¡`m{`H$m| Ho$ ‘Vm|H$m{d‘e© H$aHo$ AnZm ‘V Bg Vah {XIbm`m h¡ {H$ A^mdHo$ àË`jHo$ {b oAZwnbpãYê$n à‘mUmÝVa AZmdí`H$ h¡. Š`m|{H$ Z`Zm|go XoI H$a {H$grdñVwHo$ kmZ àH$Q> hmoZoH$s Vah AZwnbpãYgo {H$gr dñVwHo$ AdJV hmoZoH$s ~mVñdrH$m © Zht bJVr.

CŠV BpÝÐ`mW©g§{ZH$f©go CËnÝZ hmoZodmbm {Z{d©H$ënH$ kmZ AnZr Mmjwfm{Xg{dH$ënmdñWmH$mo ~w{Õd¥{ÎmV`m àmßV H$aVm h¡. AV… ~w{Õd¥{ÎmHo$ ñdê$nH$m{dMma `hm§ Amdí`H$ hmo OmVm h¡.

Am§Im|H$mo ‘tMZona ~mha XoIo J o {df`H$m AmH$ma AnZo ^rVa ^r ^m{gVhmoVm h¡. `h AmH$ma ~mh² dñVwH$m Vmo hmo Zht gH$Vm; Š`m|{H$, AnZo ~mh²Aml`H$mo N>mo‹S> H$a CgHo$ ^rVa à{dï> hmoZoH$s ~mV AZhmoZr bJVr h¡. AV…Cgo AnZo ^rVa {dÚ‘mZ {H$gr AmÝVa nXmW©Ho$ AmH$maV`m ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vmh¡. gm§»`‘V‘| Bgo Amh§H$m[aH$ VÎdmÝVaHo$ ê$n‘| "d¥{Îm' H$hm J`m h¡. Z¡ m{`H$m|ZoZ`Z{H$aUm|Ho$ {df`Xoe n ©ÝV ~{h{Z©J‘©ZH$s à{H«$`mÛmam {df`g§{ZH$f© hmoVm h¡VWm Eogo {df`g§{ZH$f©demV² g§ñH$ma Zm‘H$ EH$ AmË‘g‘doV JwUmÝVaH$moàñVm{dV H$aHo$ d¥{Îm O¡go nXmW©H$mo AñdrH$ma hr H$a {X`m h¡.

Bg {df`‘| `h AdYo h¡ {H$ {gÕmÝVV… ZoÌm|Ho$ ^rVa Ñï> {df`H$sAmH¥${V AZw dJmoMa hmoVr hr h¡. AV… AmÝVa d¥{ÎmH$mo ñdrH$maZm Vmo C{MVhr h¡. Bgo, naÝVw, VÎdmÝVa `m AmË‘g‘doV JwUmÝVa Zht ‘mZZm Mm{h o.Š`m|{H$ `h Vmo ñd{gÕmÝVñdrH¥$V ~w{ÕVÎdH$s hr H$moB© EH$ {deof AdñWm h¡.AÝV…pñWV ~w{Õ ~mh² dñVwHo$ AmH$ma‘| H¡$go AmH$m[aV hmo nm oJr Eogr e§H$mH$mg‘mYmZ ^r `hr h¡ {H$ ‘Z…g§ wŠV BpÝÐ`m|H$m ~mh² {df`Ho$ gmW g§{ZH$f©hmoZona, Xn©U‘| O¡go ‘wI à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡ d¡go hr, BpÝÐ`JmobH$m|‘| {df`mH¥${Và{V{~på~V hmoVr h¡. ZmZm{dY gmpÎdH$ amOg Vm‘g JwUm|Ho$ nañna {‘lU Am¡aCn‘X© Ho$ H$maU {ZaÝVa MbVo ahVo ~w{Õ‘| jmo mjmo Ho$ H$maU BpÝÐ`m|‘| n‹S>Voà{V{~å~m|Ho$ AmH$mam|‘| H$^r ~w{Õd¥{Îm gdm©Ë‘Zm Vmo H$^r A§emË‘Zm AmH$m[aVhmo nmVr h¡, Vmo H$^r Zht ^r. Š`m|{H$ ~w{Õ kmZopÝÐ`m| Am¡a H$‘}pÝÐ`m| H$sAZwJ«m{hH$m hmoVr h¡ gmo H$^r AZwJ«m{hH$m ~Z nmZona `WmW© g{dH$ënH$ kmZCËnÝZ hmo nmVm h¡ Am¡a VXZwHy$b àd¥{Îm ^r. H$^r amOg `m Vm‘g JwUm|Ho$CÐoH$de ~w{ÕHo$ AZwJ«mhH$ñd^mdHo$ à{VéÕ hmo OmZona g§e`mH$maH$ m «‘mH$maH$g{dH$ën kmZ CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡. AV… ~w{ÕH$s {deof AdñWm hr o gmard¥{Îm`m§ hmoVr h¢. BpÝÐ`mW©Ho$ g§{ZH$f©Ûmam g‘{n©V AmH$ma‘| AmH$m[aV hmoZonaàË`jà‘m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ AÝ`Wm gåà wŠVmW©{df‘mH$ma m gåà wŠVmW©{^ÝZmH$ma

58 59

‘| ~w{ÕHo$ AmH$m[aV hmoZona «‘ CËnÝZ hmoVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. Bg Vah AZoH${dYd¥{Îm`m|Ho$ H$maU AÝ` ^r kmZHo$ oXmon oXm|H$mo d¥{Îmd¡{dÜ`‘ybH$ g‘P boZmMm{h o. ^mJdVHo$ ""OmJ«ËñdßZ… gwfwßV§ M JwUVmo ~w{Õd¥Îm`… Vmgm§ {dbjUmoOrd… gm{jËdoZ {d{ZpíMV…'' dMZHo$ AmYmana kmZHo$ BZ {d{dY àH$mam|H$m~w{Õd¥{Îm hmoZm à‘mU{gÕ h¡. OmJ«ËH$mbrZ ^moJàX H$‘m]Ho$ C×þÕ hmoZona OmJaUhmoVm h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ Cna‘ hmoZona ñdßZ-{ZÐm hmoVo h¢, Eogr à{H«$`m ñdrH$maZoHo$~Om` JdëbrbmW© àH$Q> BZ {Ì{dY JwUm|‘| nañna{‘lU Ed§ nañnamon‘X©Z H$sbrbm ^Jd{XÀN>mHo$ AZwgma {ZaÝVa MbVr hr ahVr h¡ AVEd JwUm|H$mo hr~w{ÕH$s {d{dY AdñWmAm|Ho$ g§{ZH¥$ï> hoVwV`m ñdrH$maZm C{MV h¡. AVEd^JdX²JrVmHo$ AR>mahd| AÜ`m`‘| `h H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ 1A{Yð>mZm»` eara,2H$Ìm©»` Ord, 3H$aUm»` Mjwam{X ~mh²òpÝÐ`m§ VWm Amä`ÝVa MVw{d©YAÝV…H$aU, 4Moï>m»` àmUm{Xdm`wH$‘©, 5X¡dm»` H$mb-H$‘©-^Jd{XÀN>m{XAWdm Bgr AÜ`m`Ho$ BH$gR>d| íbmoH$‘| {Zê${nV g^r àm{UAm|Ho$ öX`‘|{~amO‘mZ AÝV`m©‘r, h‘mao g^r {H«$`mH$bmnm|‘| H$maUgm‘J«r ~ZVo h¢.

Bg‘| H«$‘ Hw$N> Bg Vah hmoVm h¡ {H$ gd©àW‘ 1AÝV`m©‘rH$s àoaUmHo$AZwgma 2‘Z VÎmV² H$m`m©W© ào[aV hmoVm h¡, 3dh ‘Z VÎmX² BpÝÐ`m|H$mo ào[aV H$aVmh¡, 4VÎmX² BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ A{Yð>mVm XodJUm|Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoZona 5BpÝÐ`m§ {df`m|Ho$gmW Ow‹S> nmVr h¢, 6V~ BpÝÐ`m|‘| {df` à{V{~på~V hmoZona {Z{d©H$ënH$kmZCËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, 7V~ ~w{ÕJV gÎdm{X JwUm|Ho$ Wm`W nañna{‘lU m nañnamon‘X©ZHo$ gmW ~w{Õ BpÝÐ`m|na gdm©Ë‘Zm `m A§emË‘Zm AZwJ¥h H$a nmVr h¡ AWdmZht, 8VXZwgma ~w{Õd¥{Îm àH$Q> hmo H$a, 9{d{dY àH$maHo$ g{dH$ënH$ kmZàH$Q> hmoVo h¢, 10{d{dY g{dH$ënH$ kmZm|Ho$ AZwgma amJ Ûof `m Cnojm Ho$ ^mdà~b hmoVo h¢, 11V~ VÝ‘ybH$ BÀN>m-à`ËZê$n Amä`ÝVa~mh² ì`mnma àH$Q>hmoVo h¢, 12V~ CnmXmZ-hmZmpË‘H$m àd¥{Îm `m CnojmpË‘H$m Aàd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡,13AÝV‘| bm^mbm^hoVwH$ gwpIVm `m Xw…pIVm `m CXmgrZVm àH$Q> hmoVr ahVrh¡.

Bg àUmbrHo$ AZwgma hmoVo ~w{Õnyd©H$ ì`dhmam|H$mo AÝV…H$aUmÜ`mg àmUmÜ`mgBpÝÐ`mÜ`mg XohmÜ`mg Am¡a ñdê$n{dñ‘¥{V Ho$ H$maU OrdmË‘m AnZo ^rVa

K{Q>V hmoVo ‘mZ H$a MbVr h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ê$noU EH$ N>moana o AmË‘Y‘©V`màVrV hmoVo h¢ Vmo Xygao N>moana BZHo$ Abmdm AmË‘m O¡gm H$moB© VÎd ‘mÝ` hrZht hmo nmVm dñVwV… Vmo AÝV…H$aU àmU BpÝÐ` Am¡a Xoh ‘| AmË‘M¡VÝ`Ho$à{V{~på~V hmoZoHo$ H$maU `h g~ K{Q>V hmoVm h¡.

ñdßZkmZH$s à{H«$`m Bggo Hw$N> {^ÝZ ar{Vgo K{Q>V hmoVr h¡. dhm§ Y‘©ê$nAmË‘M¡VÝ` g§Hw${MV hmo H$a Xoh BpÝÐ` Am¡a ‘Z ‘|go namL²>‘wI hmo H$a Ho$dbAh§H$ma Am¡a ~w{Õ ‘| à{V{~på~V hmoVm ah OmVm h¡. AV… Ah§H$mamÜ`mg Am¡a~wÕçÜ`mg Ho$ de ~w{Õ‘| CnñWm{nV {df`m|Ho$ `WmH$‘© Cn^moJÛmam gwI-Xw…Im{XOZH$ ì`mnma H$a nmVm h¡.

V‘moJwUHo$ A{Ve` CÐoH$demV² {ZÐmYrZ hmoZona Vmo AÝV…H$aUH$s {ZJyT>V‘J«pÝW {MÎmÛmam AmË‘^mZHo$ gmW gmao gwI-Xw…IOZH$ H$‘m]go Ag§g¥ï> hmo H$a{MXmË‘m öX`mH$me‘| nma‘mpË‘H$ AmZÝXH$m Cn^moJ H$aVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$maZo Ý`m`‘V VWm em§H$a‘V H$m Bg {df`‘| Omo A{^àm`h¡ CgH$s gw{deX ‘r‘m§gm H$aHo$ Bg Va§JHo$ Cng§hma‘| ^JdËgmjmËH$maH$s{gÕmÝVm{^‘V àUmbr g‘Pm`r h¡.

àË`jkmZHo$ CËn{ÎmH$s Bg àUmbr Am¡a ^JdËgmjmËH$ma hmoZoH$s àUmbr‘| à‘wI AÝVa `h hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^JdËgmjmËH$ma à‘mU~bgo Z hmo H$aà‘o ~bgo hr hmoVm h¡. ‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""Zm`‘mË‘m àdMZoZ bä`mo Z ‘oY`m~hþZm lwVoZ `‘od¡f d¥UwVo VoZ bä`ñVñ ¡f AmË‘m {dd¥UwVo VZw§ ñdm‘²'' dMZHo$AmYmana ^JdËñdê$nH$m gmjmËH$ma Vmo daU¡H$OÝ` hmoVm h¡. "daU' eãXH$mAW© gm§gm[aH$ `m Amnd{J©H$ {H$gr ’$bHo$ XmZH$s BÀN>mHo$ ê$n‘| Zht boZmMm{h o. `h Vmo {ZOñdê$nmZw y{V `m {ZOñdê$nmZwapŠV Ho$ hoVw Ho$db AZwJ«hê$nhmoVm h¡.

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AZdVmaXem‘| `h daU ^JdX² pŠVHo$ A§Hw$aU-nëbdZHo$ ~rO^mdV`mH$maU ~ZVm h¡ naÝVw AZdVmaXem‘| ^JdmZ²Ho$ àH$Q> Xe©Z XoZoH$s BÀN>mH$m ê$nYmaU H$a boVm h¡. AV… H$moB© ^ŠV hmo `m A^ŠV g^rH$mo Xe©Z hmo nmVo h¢.à{H«$`m {H$ÝVw V~ ^r à‘o ~bH$s H$m‘ H$a ahr hmoVr, à‘mU~bH$s Zht, `hÜ`mZ‘| aIZm Mm{h o.

Bg {ddoMZmHo$ gmW àË`jà‘mUH$m {Zê$nU H$aZodmbr Va§J nyU© hmoVr h¡.

4.AZw{‘{Và‘mHo$ H$aUH$m {Zê$nU : AZw‘mZ à‘mUHo$ ~mao‘| {deofHw$N> ^r {dd{jV Z hmoZona ^r, Š`m|{H$ à‘mH$aUËdoZ Bgo ‘mÝ` {H$`m J`m h¡AV…, CgH$m {Zê$nU H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ AZw{‘{VHo$ H$aUH$moAZw‘mZ g‘PZm Mm{h o. AZw{‘{V EH$ Eogm kmZ h¡ {H$ Ohm§ EH$ kmZ H$aU~Z H$a Xygao kmZH$mo CËnÝZ H$aVm hmo. Omo `m O¡gm kmZ AZw{‘{Vê$n kmZH$moCËnÝZ H$aZo‘| H$aU ~ZVm h¡, dh Vmo ì`mpßVkmZ hmoVm h¡, h Vmo ’$b~bH$ëß`~mV h¡ hr. AWdm nam‘¥î`‘mU{b“kmZHo$ H$aU ~ZZona, `m {b“nam‘f©ê$nì`mnma H$aZodmbo kmZHo$ H$aU ~ZZona, Omo kmZ CËnÝZ hmoVm Cgo r AZw{‘{VV`mn[a^m{fV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡.

ì`mpßV{d{eï> hmoZoHo$ gmW-gmW Omo {H$gr nj‘| CgHo$ Y‘©V`m {dÚ‘mZhmo Cgo "{b"' H$hm OmVm h¡.

"nj' eãXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ Ohm§ Amhm © `m AZmhm © gÝXohHo$ {df`gmÜ`H$s {g{Õ hmoVr hmo. AV… {ggmY{`fm hmoZona gmÜ`{ZíM`Ho$ ~mdOyXAmhm ©g§e`{df`VmHo$ H$maU H$moB© dñVw nj ~Z gH$Vr h¡.

Aì`{^M[aVhoVwH$m gmÜ`Ho$ gmW Omo gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ` dh ì`mpßVê$nhmoVm h¡.

{H$gr dñVwH$mo H$ht {gÕ H$aZm hmo Vmo gmYZËdoZ {Ogo nwañH¥$V {H$`m Om oCgo "hoVw' H$hm OmVm h¡ Am¡a {Ogo {gÕ H$aZoH$s BÀN>m hmo dh "gmÜ`' H$hbmVm

h¡. BZ gmÜ` Am¡a gmYZ Ho$ gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ : BZ XmoZm|H$m{H$gr EH$ hr A{YH$aU‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoZm. `h EH$hr A{YH$aU‘| {dÚ‘mZahZoH$m {Z`‘ H$^r EH$ ~maHo$ AZw dHo$, `m H$^r AZoH$ ~ma hmoVo AZw dm|Ho$AmdV©ZHo$, H$maU J¥hrV hmoVm h¡. EH$m{YH$aU‘| hr ahZoHo$ Cg AZw yV {Z`‘H$mñ‘aU O~ gmYZ ~ZZodmbo hoVwHo$ Xe©ZdemV² C×þÕ hmoVm h¡, V~ gmYZHo$ ~bnanj‘| gmÜ`{ZíM` hmo OmVm h¡. Bgo "AZw{‘{V' H$hVo h¢.

Eogr AZw{‘{VHo$ H$aUê$n AZw‘mZ Xmo VahHo$ hmoVo h¢ : (1)Ho$dbì`{VaoH$s(2)AÝd`ì`{VaoH$s.

(1){Og hoVwH$m njHo$ Abmdm AÝ`Ì H$ht ^r gmÜ`gmhM © CnbãY ZhmoVm hmo Eogo hoVwdmbo AZw‘mZH$mo "Ho$dbì`{VaoH$s' H$h OmVm h¡. CXmhaUV`m: n¥{Wdr BVa g^rgo {^ÝZ h¡ n¥{Wdr hmoZoHo$ H$maU, Eogo hoVwdmbm AZw‘mZ"Ho$dbì`{VaoH$s' H$hbmVm h¡.

(2)hoVw-gmÜ`H$s Vah Ohm§ gmÜ`m^md-hoËd^md‘| ^r ì`mpßVgå~ÝY{gÕ hmo, dhm§ "AÝd`-ì`{Vao{H$-hoVw' H$hbmVm h¡; CXmhaUV`m, Ohm§ agmoB©KaO¡go ñWbm|‘| Yw§Am hmoVm h¡ dhm§ AmJ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Ohm§ gamoda O¡go ñWbm|‘| AmJZht hmoVr dhm§ Yw§Am ^r Zht hmoVm. Eogo hoVwdmbm AZw‘mZ "AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$s'H$hbmVm h¡.

BZ XmoZm| VahHo$ AZw‘mZm|Ho$ nwZ… Xmo à oX hmoVo h¢ : (1)ñdmWm©Zw‘mZ(2)namWm©Zw‘mZ. ñdmWm©Zw‘mZ Vmo g‘Pm hr {X`m. namWm©Zw‘mZ ‘hmdmŠ`ê$nÝ`m`Ho$ Ad`dm|Ho$ ~moYH$ dmŠ`m|Ho$ à`moJ H$aZona ñnï> hmoVm h¡. o Ad`d d¡goVmo à{Vkm hoVw CXmhaU CnZ` Am¡a {ZJ‘Z ê$n nm§M hmoVo h¢ naÝVw ñd‘V‘|CXmhaU CnZ` Am¡a {ZJ‘Z Ad`dm| H$m à`moJ C{MVVa ‘mZm J`m h¡.n§M‘ñH$ÝY(^mJ.nwam.5&22&1)‘| ^r amOm nar{jVZo O~ gy`m©{XH$s J{VHo$~mao‘| AZw‘mZ H¡$go H$aZm `h nyN>m Vmo CÎmaê$noU lrewH$Zo-

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O¡go Hw$åhmaHo$ Ky‘Vo MŠHo$Ho$ gmW Ky‘Vr hþ r MtQ>r ñd § ^rCg MŠHo$na Mb-{’$a Vmo gH$Vr hr h¡, Š`m|{H$ H$^r MŠHo$naZm{^Ho$ nmg Vmo H$^r n[a{YaoImHo$ nmg {XIbm`r XoVr h¡. Bgr VahY«wdH$s àX{jUm H$aVo hþdo ZjÌ‘ÊS>b‘| nwZ… gy m©{X J«hm|H$s AnZr^rJ{VerbVm hmoVr hr h¡. H$^r EH$ ZjÌHo$ g‘rn Vmo H$^r XygaoZjÌHo$ g‘rn CnbãY hmoVo hmoZogo.

(^mJ.nwam.5&22&2)

Bg dmŠàmer‘| Ñï>mÝV CnZ` Am¡a {ZJ‘Z H$m hr à`moJ {H$`m J`m{XIbm`r XoVm h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX hoËdm^mgm|Ho$ {Zê$nU‘| Omo Hw$N> Z¡ m{`H$m|Zo à{Vnm{XV {H$`mCgohr ñdrH$maVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ BZ Xmofm|go a{hV hoVw gmÜ`mZw‘mnH$hmoVm h¡. lw{VH$m Am¡a lwË`ZwJ¥hrV àË`jH$m CnOrdr hmoZona AZw‘mZ JdX²JdofUmVWm ì`dhma ‘| ^r Cn`moJr hmoVm hr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX Ho$dbmÛ¡{VAm|Zo O¡go AZw‘mZH$m doXmÝV‘ZZ‘| Cn`moJ {XIbm`m,d¡go hr ewÕmÛ¡VdoXmÝV‘| ^r CgHo$ Cn`moJH$s ar{V {XImVo hþdo Bg MVwW© Va§JH$mCng§hma J«ÝWH$maZo {H$`m h¡.

5.à‘mUmÝVam|H$m ñdrH¥$V à‘mUm|‘| AÝV^m©dH$m {Zê$nU : Bg Va§J‘|gd©àW‘ Cn‘mZH$m Mmjwf gmÑí`àË`j‘| AÝV^m©d {XImZoH$mo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVoh¢ {H$ gmÑí`m{VXoeê$n dmŠ`mW©ñ‘aUHo$ ghH$made Mjwam{X BpÝÐ`m|Ûmam hmoVog§km-g§krHo$ n[aÀN>oXê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU Cn‘mZH$mo ñdVÝÌ à‘mU ‘mZZm Amdí`H$Zht h¡.

AWm©n{ÎmHo$ ^r ñdVÝÌ à‘mU Z hmoZoHo$ {dMma‘| ‘r‘m§gH$ Z¡`m{`H$nmW©gma{W{‘l doXmÝVn[a^mfmH$ma Ho$ ‘Vm|H$m {d‘e© H$aVo hþdo 1Ñï>mWm©n{Îm2lwVmWm©n{Îm, Bg lwVmWm©n{ÎmHo$ nwZ… Xmo AdmÝVa à oX 2/H$A{^YmZmZwnn{ÎmAm¡a 2/IA{^{hVmZwnn{Îm àH$mam|H$mo A‘mÝ` H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ o

`Wm`W H$^r àË`j Vmo H$^r eãX à‘mUH$s AZwJ«m{hH$m hmoVr h¢. AWm©V²àË`jm{XÛmam à{‘V AW©Ho$ kmZH$mo ÑT> ~ZmZodmbr hmoVr h¢, Aä`mgH$s Vahhr AV… BZH$m ñdVÝÌ àm‘mÊ` AZmdí`H$ h¡.

AZwnbpãYHo$ ñdVÝÌ à‘mU hmoZoH$s YmaUmH$m nhbo hr {ZamH$aU H$a {X`mJ`m hmoZogo nwZépŠV AZmdí`H$ h¡.

nydm}ŠV V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H$ VWm mJdVnwamU Ho$ dMZm|‘| {Zê${nV Amf© Eo{Vh² Ho$Abmdm Omo AZmf© Eo{Vh² hmoVo h¢, Eogo {H$ {OZ dMZm|Ho$ dŠVmH$m Hw$N> ^r nVmZ MbVm hmo, Eogo A{ZUm© H$ dMZ `m Vmo Aà‘mU hmoVo h¢ `m {’$a {ZUm© H$hmoZona CZH$m emãXà‘mU‘| AÝV^m©d ñdrH$ma boZm C{MV hmoVm h¡.

{Ogo "gå^d' Zm‘H$ à‘mU ‘mZm OmVm h¡, CXmhaUV`m, O~ H$ht hOmag§»`m àm‘m{UH$ hmo Vmo VXÝVJ©V gm¡ g§»`m gå^d hmoVr hr h¡. Bgo VmoAZw‘mZgo n¥WH²$ ‘mZZoH$m H$moB© H$maU Zht.

bmoH$à{g{Õ Vmo àË`jHo$ hr AÝVJ©V AmVr h¡.

Moï>m Am¡a {b{n H$mo, H«$‘e…, AZw‘mZ Am¡a eãX Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñdrH$maZmMm{hò.

AÝV‘| AÝV…ñ’w$aUmê$n à{V^mH$mo Vmo A{ZíMm`H$ hmoZogo Aà‘mUV`m‘mZZm hr C{MV hmoVm h¡. {’$a^r à{V^mÛmam `{X {H$gr nma‘m{W©H$ dñVw `mKQ>Zm Ho$ g§Ho$V {‘bVo hm| Vmo Cgo eãXHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘mZZm Mm{h o.

Eogo {Zê$nUHo$ gmW `h nm§Mdr Va§J g‘mßV hmoVr h¡.

6.ñdrH¥$V à‘mUm|H$m àm‘mÊ`màm‘mÊ` ñdV… hmoVm h¡ `m naV…? :O¡gm {H$ Bg gå~ÝY‘| ‘ybV… Mma nj CâVo h¢ :

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(1)à‘mUm|H$m à‘mU hmoZm Am¡a Aà‘mUm|H$m Aà‘mU hmoZm,XmoZm| hr ñdVmo{d{XV hmoZodmbo JwU h¢.

(2)à‘mUm|H$m à‘mU hmoZm Am¡a Aà‘mUm|H$m Aà‘mU hmoZm,XmoZm| hr naVmo{d{XV hmoZodmbo JwU h¢.

(3)à‘mUm|H$m à‘mU hmoZm naVmo{d{XV hmoZodmbm JwU h¡ naÝVwAà‘mUm|H$m Aà‘mU hmoZm ñdVmo{d{XV hmoZodmbm JwU h¡.

(4)à‘mUm|H$m à‘mU hmoZm ñdVmo{d{XV hmoZodmbm JwU h¡ naÝVwAà‘mUm|H$m Aà‘mU hmoZm naVmo{d{XV hmoZodmbm JwU h¡.

BZ Mmam| ‘Vm|‘|go àW‘ VrZ ‘Vm|H$mo Vmo gd©Wm AñdrH¥$V hr H$aHo$ MVwW©^mÅ> Ed§ àm^mH$am| Ho$ ‘V‘|, J«ÝWH$ma, BVZm g§emoYZ àñVwV H$aZm MmhVo h¢{H$ gmÜ`mW©{df`H$ bm¡{H$H$ dmŠ`m|Ho$ à`moJHo$ g‘` {H«$`m ^mdr hmoVr h¡AWm©V² {dÚ‘mZ Zht hmoVr. AV… 1CËnÝZ hmoVo kmZH$m {H«$`mgo g§gJ© Z hmoZoHo$H$maU, 2A{^b{fV {H«$`mHo$ H$maU {H$gr VahH$m A{Zï> Zht hmoJm Eogr Ho$dbgå^mdZmHo$ AmYmana hr dmŠ`à`moJ {H$`m J`m hmoZogo, 3dmŠ`mW©Ho$ Anyd© ^rZ hmoZoHo$ H$maU, 4Eogo dmŠ`go CËnÝZ hmoZodmbm kmZ AJ¥hrVJ«mhr ^r Z hmoZogo,Eogr pñW{V‘| Eogo kmZH$s J«m{hH$m gm‘J«rHo$Ûmam Omo àm‘mÊ` J¥hrV hmoVm h¡ dhA`WmW© hr hmoVm h¡. AV… Eogo ñWbm|na Vmo àm‘mÊ`H$mo naVmo{d{XV ñdrH$maZmhr C{MV hmoVm h¡. AÝ`Wm ñdVmo{d{XV ñdrH$maZo‘| H$moB© Amn{Îm Zht.

Bg {ddoMZmHo$ gmW `h Va§J Am¡a à‘mkmZHo$ H$aUm|H$m ñdê$n {Zê${nVH$aZodmbm H$ëbmob Am¡a ñd § à‘mUn[aÀN>oX ^r gånyU© hmo OmVm h¡.

à‘o n[aÀN>oXmÝVJ©V ~«÷mÛ¡VHo$ {Zê$nH$ àW‘ H$ëbmobH$m gma : 1.~«÷H$s na‘à‘o`VmH$s Cnn{ÎmH$m {Zê$nU : ~ «÷gyÌH o $

C^`qbJm{YH$aU(3&2&11)Ho$ AZwgma doXmÝV‘| ~«÷H$mo {déÕY‘m©l`V`mñdrH$mam OmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ ‘hmZmamÙmon{ZfX²‘| `h ñnï>ê$noU H$hm J`m h¡ {H$EH$mH$s dh Aì`ŠV r ahVm h¡ Am¡a AZÝVê$n r hmo OmVm h¡. ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘|

^r H$hm J`m h¡ {H$ `h Omo Hw$N> {XIbm`r Xo ahm h¡ dh ñd § na‘mË‘m hr h¡.AV… ~«÷Ho$ {Zê$nU‘| CgHo$ {déÕY‘m©l` hmoZoHo$ hoVwde `h ñdrH$maZm n‹S>Vmh¡ {H$ `hm§ Omo Hw$N> h¡ dh `WmpñWV {ZË` ~«÷go A{^ÝZ hr h¡. AVEd eãXHo$AZwgma O¡gm CgH$m {Zê$nU {‘bVm hmo d¡gm Cgo ñdrH$ma boZm Cnn{ÎmnjHo$Adb§~ZÛmam ~«÷H$s na‘à‘o VmH$m {Zê$nU h¡.

Bg Cnn{ÎmnjH$s à{H«$`mHo$ AZwgma {H$ o OmVo {Zê$nU‘| ~«÷‘| àH$Q>hmoZodmbo Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ OJV²H$s A{ZË`Vm O¡go AZw yV hmoVr h¡; d¡go hr,BZ Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo YmaU H$aZodmbo ~«÷Ho$ ñdê$nH$s Ñ{ï>go BÝht Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m]H$mo XoIZona, `hr OJV² gXm EH$ê$nV`m ^r AZw yV hmo nmVm h¡. Š`m|{H$O~ g^r Hw$N> ~«÷mË‘H$ hr

hmo Vmo ~«÷go {^ÝZ H$moB© à‘o ah hr Zht OmVm. AWm©V² ànÄMmË‘Zm ~«÷OÝ`Ëdm{X Y‘m]dmbm AZw yV hmoZona ^r ~«÷mË‘Zm ànÄM ^r AOÝ`-A{dZmerhr ~«÷kmZrH$mo AZw yV hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ AgX²dñVwH$s gÎmmH$m Am¡a gX²dñVwH$sAgÎmmH$m ^JdX²JrVmHo$ ""ZmgVmo {dÚVo ^mdmo Zm^mdmo {dÚVo gV…'' dMZ‘|AñdrH$ma {H$`m J`m h¡. h‘mar ~w{Õ‘| àH$Q> hmoVo amOgkmZm|Ho$ AmYmana `hàn§M àmH¥$V VWm Xoe-H$mb-dñVwHo$ n[aÀN>oXm|‘| {Kam hþdm àVrV hmoVm h¡, d¡gm~«÷H$mo gmjmV² AZw^d H$aZodmbm|H$mo AWdm emñÌV… ~«÷Ho$ ñdê$nH$moOmZZodmbm|H$mo AdJV `m ‘mÝ` Zht hmo nmVm. AVEd Bg OJV²H$mo ‘m{`H$Am^mgHo$ ê$n‘| ^r ñdrH$mam Zht Om gH$Vm h¡, Š`m|{H$ ""BÝÐmo ‘m`m{^… nwéê$nB© Vo'' O¡go dMZm|‘| EH$ ~«÷Ho$ AZoH$V`m àVrV hmoZo‘| ‘m`mH$s H$aUVm hr{Zê${nV hþ r h¡, CnmXmZVm Zht. J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ Bg {df`H$s {dñV¥V{ddoMZm g¥{ï> oXdmX‘| H$s hr J`r hmoZogo {deof Hw$N> {Okmñ` hmoZona dhtAdbmoH$Z H$a boZm Mm{h o. AmÚ Va§J Bg {Zê$nUHo$ gmW nyU© hmoVr h¡.

2.‘yb EH$ ñdê$n‘|go brbmW© AZoH$ ê$nm|H$s CËn{ÎmH$m {Zê$nU :g¥{ï>H$mo àH$Q> H$aZogo nyd© gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ gd© dZg‘W© ~«÷ {ZamH$ma hmoZona^r {~Zm {H$gr {Z{‘ÎmmÝVaHo$ A§eVmo Y‘©ê$noU, ~mX‘| {H«$`mê$noU; Am¡a,AÝV‘| àn§Mê$noU Am{d y©V hmo OmVm h¡. CËn{ÎmnjH$s Eogr à{H«$`mH$m Adb§~ZH$aHo$ ^r ~«÷gyÌH$maZo ~«÷Ho$ AÛ¡VH$m à{VnmXZ {H$`m h¡. AV… ~«÷Ho$

66 67

ñdm^m{dH$ AÛ¡VH$s Am¡a brbmW© àH$Q> EopÀN>H$ Û¡VH$s à{H«$`mH$m {dMmaH$aZona `Wm`W ‘w»` Am¡a A‘w»` C^`{dY brbmAm|H$s ì`m»`m hmo OmVr h¡.

Bg EH$‘odm{ÛVr` VÎd‘|go AZoH${dY Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ OJV²Ho$ CËnÝZhmoZoH$s à{H«$`mHo$ {Zê$nUmW© ~«÷H$m {Zê$nU VrZ Vahgo {H$`m OmVm h¡ :

(1)ñdê$nH$mo{Q>(2)H$maUH$mo{Q>(3)H$m`©H$mo{Q>.

g¥{ï>H$s CËn{Îmà{H«$`mH$m {Zê$nU lr‘hmà w{da{MV gw~mo{YZr (2&9&1)Ho$AZwgma J«ÝWH$ma `m| {XIbmVo h¢ : Y‘©ê$noU Am{d y©V hmoZona ~«÷‘| nhbo kmZAmZÝX H$mb BÀN>m {H«$`m ‘m`m àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf Ho$ ê$n Am{d y©V hmoVo h¢. BZ‘|H$mbH$mo ~«÷H$s {H«$`mepŠVHo$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$mam OmVm h¡. hm§ BÀN>mH$mo A{^Ü`mZê$nm‘mZm J`m h¡. EH$‘odm{ÛVr` ~«÷Ho$ AZoH$VmHo$ Bg A{^Ü`mZ(gmoMZo)H$m hrCn{ZfX²‘| CgHo$ AZoH$^mdmnÝZ hmoZoHo$ H$m‘(MmhZm)Ho$ ê$n‘| ^r {Zê$nU {H$`mJ`m h¡. AZoH$ ê$n‘| àH$Q> hmoZoH$s CgH$s H$m‘ZmH$m {Zê$nU lw{V‘| Bg Vahhþdm h¡ : (1)~hþ ñ`m§ (2)àOm o .

(1)BZ‘| àW‘ ""~hþ ñ`m§'' A§e‘| à{VnmÚ àH$ma oXH$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$s~«m{÷H$ H$m‘Zm h¡. BgHo$ H$maU {H«$`m kmZ Am¡a AmZÝX ê$nr Y‘© ñd`§n¥W½^mdmnÝZ hmo H$a gV² {MV² AmZÝX ê$nr Y{‘©Am|‘| ^r oX I‹S>m H$aVo h¢.AWm©V² AIÊS>gpÀMXmZÝX¡H$ag VÎdH$mo o Y‘© {H«$`mdmZ² kmZr Am¡a AmZÝXrY‘u ~Zm XoVo h¢. V~ dh ^JdmZ² gmH$maVmH$mo àmßV hmoVo h¢. Bg Vah {^ÝZ hmoOmZona ^r AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ A{^ÝZËdHo$ ^r AmbmoMZê$n A{^Ü`mZHo$ AjwÊUahZoHo$ H$maU dh {^ÝZ hmoVm hþdm ^r A{^ÝZ ah nmVm h¡. ’$bV… ""nyU©‘² AX…nyU©‘² BX§ nyUm©V² nyU©‘² CXÀ`Vo nyU©ñ` nyU©‘² AmXm` nyU©‘od Ad{eî`Vo''lw{VdMZ‘| AIÊS¡>H$agnyU© gpÀMXmZÝX‘|go nyU© {H«$`mdmZ² nyU© kmZdmZ² VWmnyUm©ZÝXdmZ² Ho$ àmH$Q²>çH$m {Zê$nU {dd{jV h¡.

"gpÀMXmZÝX' nXm|Ho$ gmW ^mddmMH$ "Ëd' `m "Vm' àË``m|H$mo Omo‹S>ZonagÎmm M¡VÝ` `m {à`Vm Ho$ ê$n‘| BÝht "ApñV' "^m{V' Am¡a "{à`' nXm|go ~mo{YVY‘m]H$s H$m ©àn§M‘| AZwJ{V à{Vnm{XV hmoVr h¡.

Bg g¥ï²>çm{d^m©dH$s Eogr à{H«$`m‘| gX§e‘| {H«$`mepŠV àH$Q> hmoVr h¡.AV… gX§emË‘Zm dh Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘m©Ë‘H$ OJV²H$m CnmXmZ H$maU ~ZVm h¡.{MX§e‘| dh AZoH$ A§emË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoVm h¡ VWm ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m ^r BgrA§e‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡. Bg ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mH$mo {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${VHo$ ê$n‘|Zht g‘P boZm Mm{h o. Š`m|{H$ {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${V Vmo OJËH$Vm© ~ZZodmboAmZÝXm§eH$s epŠVê$nm Omo ‘m`m hmoVr h¡ CgH$s A§e yVm hmoVr h¡. AV… AnZogpÀMXmZÝXê$n‘| hr Bg H$m © yV O‹S>OJV²H$m ~«÷ A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZ H$maUVWm A§e yV OrdmÝV`m©{‘OJV²H$m A§er ê$n CnmXmZ ~ZVm h¡.

(2){ÛVr` "àOm o ' A§e‘| à{VnmÚ àH$maHo$ H$maU dh ñd §Ho$ {H$grEH$ A§e‘| CËH$f©H$mo Vmo AÝ` {H$gr A§e‘| AnH$f©H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm hmoVm h¡.`m| BZ VrZm| A§em|‘| AmZÝXm§e CËH¥$ï> hmo OmVm h¡ VWm {MX§e Am¡a gX§eCÎmamoÎma AnH¥$ï>. AVEd {Vamo{hV M¡VÝ` Y‘©H$mo àmßV H$aZoH$s gX§em|‘| EH$Am¡Ëg{J©H$s A{^d¥{Îm hmoVr h¡. {MX§em|‘| ^r, Bgr Vah, AmZÝXH$mo àmßVH$aZoH$s EH$ Am¡Ëg{J©H$s A{^d¥{Îm hmoVr h¡. Bgr A{^d¥{ÎmHo$ n[aUm‘ê$noUgX§e{Zð>m {H«$`m Am¡a {MX§e{Zð> kmZ AmZÝXm§e{Z`pÝÌV hmo OmVo h¢. AVEd{MX§e{Zð>m ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m AnZo Aml`‘| ì`m‘mohZ CËnÝZ H$a nmVr h¡. Bgrì`m‘mohZHo$ {dde Am¡a AmZÝXm§eH$s Amoa à~b A{^d¥{ÎmHo$ {dde ^r àmH¥$VXe{dY àmU VWm MVw{d©Y AÝV…H$aUJ«pÝWAm|‘| {MX§e CbP H$a OrdmË‘mhmoZoHo$ JwUY‘© YmaU H$a boVm h¡. Am¡a Bgr H$maU AmJo ~‹T>Vo-~‹T>Vo nm§M^m¡{VH$Xoh Am¡a Cg XohHo$ nmofH$ ê$n-ag-JÝYm{X {df`m|; Am¡a, BZHo$ {ZaÝVaì`mg§Jde BZ‘| nZnr AhÝVm-‘‘VmHo$ AÜ`mgm|go ^r dh {Ka OmVm h¡.AVEd gpÀMXmZÝX ~«÷Ho$ gX§e àmU Am{X g^r {MX§e^yV OrdmË‘mHo$~ÝYZHo$ gm‘mZ `m n[aH$a ~Z OmVo h¢ Am¡a {MX§e ~ÝYZr` ~Z OmVo h¢. gmoAmZÝXm§e AÝV`m©{‘V`m BZ XmoZm| A§em|H$m {Z`m‘H$ ~Z OmVm h¡. o VrZm| hrgX§e {MX§e Am¡a AmZÝXm§e, Ap½Z‘|go {MZJmarHo$ Vah, ~«÷‘|go ~«÷ hr ‘|

68 69

ì wÀM[aV hmoVo h¢. BZ ~Õ Ordm|‘|go {OÝh| ^JdmZ² nyU© kmZepŠV àXmZ H$aVoh¢, dohr AnZr epŠVê$nm ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo$ M§Jwbgo Nw>Q>H$mam nmVo h¡.ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo$ ~ÝYZgo ‘wŠV {MX§e AnZo ewÕ ñdê$n‘| AdpñWV hmoZonaAnamYrZ Vmo hmo OmVm h¡, EVmdVm ~«÷Ho$ AgmYmaUY‘© OJËH$V¥©Ëd Am{X Cg‘|àH$Q> Zht hmo nmVo. ñd § A§er ^JdmZ²Ho$ gmW `m AmZÝXm§eê$n AÝV`m©‘rHo$gmW Ow‹S>Zona hr {MX§eH$mo AmZÝXH$s CnbpãY hmo nmVr h¡. `h g¥{ï>H$s~«÷dmXmZwgm[aUr CËn{Îm pñW{V Am¡a ‘wpŠV H$s à{H«$`m h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma g¥ï²>çwËn{ÎmH$s AdmÝVa à{H«$`mAm|Ho$ {Zê$nU‘|VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmoŠV fS²>{dY à{H«$`mAm|Ho$ {dñVma‘| Jò {~Zm g§jon‘| XmoVahH$s à{H«$`mAm|H$mo g‘PmVo h¢ : (1)AH«$‘à{H«$`m (2)H«$‘à{H«$`m.

(1)BZ‘| AH«$‘à{H«$`m ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² Ed§ ‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² ‘| d{U©V h¡.gX§e {MX§e Am¡a AmZÝXm§em|Ho$ AÝVJ©V gX§eV`m àmU bmoH$ Xod yVm| H$sg¥{ï>, AmË‘ê$noU {MX§emoH$s g¥{ï> Am¡a AmZÝXm§em|H$s g¥{ï> nydm}ŠVAp½Z{dñ’w$qbJÝ`m oZ EH$ gmW hr hmoVr h¡.

(2)H«$‘g¥{ï>à{H«$`m, N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² VWm V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² ‘| {Zê${nV hþ rh¡. `hm§ AmË‘m‘|go AmH$me, AmH$me‘|go dm w, dm w‘|go Ap½Z, Ap½Z‘|go Ob,Ob‘|go n¥Ïdr, n¥Ïdr‘|go Am¡f{Y, Am¡f{Y‘|go AÝZ; Am¡a, AÝZgo nwéfH$sCËn{Îm {Zê${nV H$s J`r h¢.

BZ XmoZm|‘| bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ ~mV `h h¡ {H$ BZ à{H$`mAm|‘| gX§eHo$CX²J‘‘| hr AÝVa {XIbm`r XoVm h¡, {MX§e Am¡a AmZÝXm§em| Ho$ CX²J‘‘| Zht.V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX²‘| XohàdoeHo$ ~mX OrdmË‘m Am¡a AÝV`m©‘r ‘| oX n‹S>Vm {XIbm`mJ`m h¡. g¥{ï>Ho$ ~mX H$m ©H$m {dMma H$aZona ~¥hXmaÊ`H$H$mon{ZfX²‘| Zm‘ ê$nAm¡a H$‘© Ho$ oXgo VrZ VahH$s g¥{ï> {JZm`r J`r h¡. N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX²‘|, naÝVw,Ho$db Zm‘ Am¡a ê$n `m| Xmo hr àH$mago g¥{ï> {Zê${nV hþB© h¡. AV… H$‘©H$s g¥{ï>‘|Hw$N> Jm¡UVm {gÕ hmoVr h¡. `m| Xmo hr VahH$s g¥{ï> {gÕ hmoVr h¡. Bg Vah g¥{ï>Ho$

{Zê$nU‘| Ohm§ Ho$db Xmo, Zm‘ Am¡a ê$n, H$mo hr {JZm`m OmVm h¡, dhm§ n§M{dYH$maUê$nm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V-

1Ðì`=gd© dZgm‘Ï ©ê$n‘m`m, Omo {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${VHo$ ê$n‘| àH$Q>hmoVr hþ`r AÝV‘| n§MVÝ‘mÌm Am¡a n§M‘hm^yV ~Z OmVr h¡. 2H$‘©, Omobm¡{H$H${H«$`mAm|Ûmam A{^ì`ŠV hmoVm h¡. 3H$mb=^JdÀMoï>mê$n, 4ñd^md, Omo^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>mH$m bmoH$‘| àH$Q> n[aUm‘ê$n hmoVm h¡. 5Ord=nwéf, ì`{ï>-g‘{ï> oXde {Û{dY hmoVm h¡.

`m| ê$nHo$ BZ CpëbpIV nm§M àH$mam|‘| hr EH$ àH$ma{deofV`m H$‘©H$s ^rn[aJUZm H$a br OmVr h¡. AV… g¥{ï>H$mo "{Û{dYm' H$hm OmVm h¡. Bg ê$ng¥{ï>‘|D$na {JZm o J o H$maUm|Ho$ AZwgma n§M{dY ^JdmZ² g¥{ï>H$maUV`m ñdrH$mao OmVoh¢.

Zm‘g¥{ï>H$s CËn{ÎmH$s à{H«$`m Hw$N> Bg Vah h¡ : ^JdmZ² nhbo gyÌê$noU àH$Q> hmoH$a gwfåUm‘mJ©go ì`ŠV hmoZona, KmofmË‘H$

eãX~«÷H$m ê$n YmaU H$aVo h¢. `hr Kmof ~mX‘| ZmXê$n YmaU H$a dU© nX Am¡admŠ` ~Z OmVm h¡.

Bg Vah na‘à‘o`ê$n ~«÷Ho$ AÛ¡VH$m {Zê$nH$ H$ëbmob Am¡a CgHo$AÝVJ©V ‘yb EH$ ñdê$n‘|go brbmW© AZoH$ê$nm|H$s CËn{ÎmH$m {Zê$nU H$aZodmbr`h {ÛVr` Va§J ^r `hm§ g‘mßV hmo OmVr h¡.

à‘o n[aÀN>oXmÝVJ©V ~«÷Ho$ H$mo{Q>Ì` {Zê$nH$ {ÛVr` H$ëbmobH$m gma : 1.à‘o ê$n ~«÷H$s ñdê$nH$mo{Q>H$m {Zê$nU : ~«÷H$s ñdê$nH$mo{Q>Ho$

AÝVJ©V gd©àW‘ (1){H«$`m (2)kmZ Am¡a (3){H«$`m-kmZmo `{d{eï> Ho$ AdmÝVaoXde ~«÷H$mo {Ì{dY ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

70 71

(1)doXm{X^mdmnÝZ eãXH$mo à‘wI à‘mU ‘mZ H$a MbZodmbo doXmÝV{MÝVZ‘|doXHo$ nyd©H$mÊS>‘| Omo `km{XH$m {Zê$nU h¡ Cgo, VmËn ©d¥{Îmde, `km{Xê$n~«÷H$m hr {Zê$nU ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. d¡go AZwð>mZgo Amaå^ H$aHo$ ’$bmZw y{Vn ©ÝV gmYZV`m {H«$`m hr AZw y{VJmoMa hmoVr h¡, {’$a ^r, ~«÷H$mo {H«$`mAm|‘|AÝV{h©V ‘mZ boZona ~«÷ doXH$m nyd©H$mÊS>mW© H¡$go hmo nm oJm? Eogr Ame§H$mAàmg§{JH$ ~Z OmVr h¡.

(2)Bgr Vah {ÛVr`H$mÊS>‘| gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ AZÝVê$n AZÝVJwUAZÝVepŠV ~«÷H$m à{VnmXZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡. dhm§ ^r Jwê$ng{Îmgo boH$a‘mojàX kmZH$s Ma‘d¥{Îm n ©ÝV kmZ hr àVrV hmoVm h¡; {’$a ^r, Eogo kmZ‘|^r ~«÷H$mo AÝV{h©V ‘mZm OmVm hmoZogo CÎmaH$mÊS>mW© ^r ~«÷ hr Ho$db {gÕhmoVm h¡.

(3)doXmon{ZfX²Ho$ Cn~¥§hUê$n ^JdX²JrVm Am¡a ^mJdVnwamU ‘| Vmo ^pŠVHo${df`V`m; AWm©V² OZr`V`m, {H«$`m Am¡a kmZ go {d{eï> gmH$ma AZÝVJwUnyU©^JdÐÿnH$m à{VnmXZ CnbãY hmoVm h¡. Eogm ñdê$n na‘^pŠVHo$ H$maU hràH$Q> hmoVm hmoZogo ^pŠV dhm§ JwU ~Z OmVr h¡. gmo kmZ Ed§ {H«$`m C^`{d{eï>ñdê$n dh hmoVm h¡. VrZm| VahHo$ o à‘mUmZwamoYr à‘o ñdê$nH$mo{Q>Ho$ AÝVJ©VAmVo h¢. Aja~«÷H$m CÎmaH$mÊS>‘| Am¡a H$‘©H$m nyd©H$mÊS>‘| {Zdoe ñdrH$mam J`mh¡. H$mb r JwUm{^‘mZr ~«÷m Am{X {ÌXodm|go CËH¥$ï> hmoZoHo$ H$maU ñdê$nH$mo{Q>Ho$AÝVJ©V n[aJ{UV hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah ñd^mdH$m ^r ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| AÝV^m©dñdrH$mam J`m h¡. AÝV`m©{‘Am|H$m d¡go Vmo ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| AÝV^m©d {H$`m OmZmC{MV hmoVm; {’$a^r, OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ gmW H$m`m‘| à{dï> hmoVo hmoZoHo$ H$maUAÝV`m©‘rH$m {Zdoe H$m ©H$mo{Q>‘| {H$`m OmVm h¡, ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| Zht.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma ñdê$nH$mo{Q>JV Aja~«÷H$m {Zê$nU H$aVo hþdo H$hVoh¢ {H$ àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo ^JdÐÿnH$mo "Aja~«÷' H$hmOmVm h¡. `h BX{‘ËWV`m dmL²>‘ZmoJmoMa Zht hmo nmVm. `h {Z{d©H$pënVkmZmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡. Bg‘|go àH¥${V Am¡a nwéf àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. Bgo "~«÷' "Hy$Q>ñW'"Aì`ŠV' "AgV²' `m "V‘…' Am{X nXm|go ^r {Zê${nV {H$`m OmVm h¡.

dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| ñWyb-gyú‘ Xohm|go AdpÀN>ÝZ OrdM¡VÝ`H$mo "Hy$Q>ñW'Zht H$hm OmVm. AñVw. Bg Aja~«÷H$m AZoH$Ym {Zê$nU {H$`m OmVm h¡ :H$^r ‘yb gmH$ma ^JdÐÿnHo$ MaUV`m, H$^r AmgZV`m, ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>mË‘H$bmoH$V`m, AÝV`m©‘r na‘mË‘mgo ì`mß` AmË‘V`m Š`m|{H$ OrdmË‘M¡VÝÀjam§eê$n hmoVm h¡. ~«÷Ho$ Eogo ê$nH$m gmjmËH$ma hmoZm kmZ‘mJ©H$m ’$b h¡.

H$H$mb IH$‘© Am¡a Jñd^md Bgr Aja~«÷Ho$ AdmÝVa ê$n ‘mZo OmVo h¢, H$‘©Am¡a ñd^md H$mo H$^r H$mbHo$ A§eV`m ^r {Zê${nV {H$`m OmVm h¡.

H$H$mb AÝV…gpÀMXmZÝXê$n hmoZona ^r ì`dhma‘| B©fËgÎdm§e àH$Q> H$aVmh¡. `h {ZË` J{Verb hmoVm h¡, g^rH$m Aml` VWm CX² d ê$n hmoVm h¡. gy ©Am{X Bg H$mbHo$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ ê$n h¢. na‘mÊdm{X {ÛnamYm©ÝV BgHo$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ê$n hmoVo h¢. ñd § ^JdmZ² gmjmV² BgHo$ Am{YX¡{dH$ ê$n hmoVo h¢.

IH$V©ì`{dYm`H$ emñÌHo$ dMZm|Ûmam {d{hV `m {Z{fÕ àH$maH$s bm¡{H$H${H«$`mAm|Ho$ H$maU VÎmV² àXoem|‘| A{^ì`ŠV hmoZodmbr ì`mnH$ {H«$`mH$mo "H$‘©'H$hm OmVm h¡. Bggo `h {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ AmË‘JwUV`m AÑï> dmëb^ doXmÝV‘|ñdrH$m © Zht h¡. AV… "Anyd©' "AÑï>' "Y‘©' `m "AY‘©' nXm|Ho$ AW©V`m `hm§H$‘©H$m ñdê$n Omo g‘Pm`m J`m VXZwgma hr g‘PZm Mm{h o. AV… gd©gmYmaUhmoZona ^r VÎmV² H$Vm©Am|H$s VÎmV² {H«$`mAm|Ûmam A{^ì`ŠV àH$Q> hmo nmZoHo$H$maU H$‘©’$bì`dñWm CnnÝZ hmo OmVr hmoZogo H$‘©ZmZmËd ñdrH$maZoH$m H$moB©Am¡{MË` Zht ah OmVm. XmZ-qhgm Am{X {H«$`mAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| Omo "Y‘m©Y‘©'nXm|H$m à`moJ {H$`m OmVm h¡, dh ^r Y‘m©Y‘©H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZoH$s à{H«$`mHo$Ûmam hr CnnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡.

JBg g¥{ï>‘| àH$Q> hmoZodmbo àË oH$ n[aUm‘m|H$mo ^JdmZ²H$s BÀN>m Ho$ AZwê$n{Z^mZodmbo ê$nH$mo "ñd^md' H$hm OmVm h¡. `h ì`mnH$ Am¡a g^r dñVwAm|H$moAnZo níMmX²dVu ~Zm H$a ñd § gdm©daH$V`m àH$Q> hmoVm h¡.

Bg Vah H$mo{Q>Ì`m|‘| àW‘ ñdê$nH$mo{Q>H$m {Zê$nU H$aZodmbr Va§J `hm§g‘mßV hmoVr h¡.

72 73

2.à‘o ê$n ~«÷H$s H$maUH$mo{Q>H$m {Zê$nU : {H$gr dñVwH$s H$maUVmJ¥hrV H$aZoHo${b o {H$gr H$m ©{deofH$s Am{d^m©{dH$m epŠV‘Îmm Cg dñVw‘|J¥hrV hmoZr Amdí`H$ hmoVr h¡. AV… ^JdmZ²Ho$ Omo ê$n Bg ~«÷mÊS>ê$n H$m ©H$moàH$Q> H$aZo Am{d^m©{dH$m epŠVgo gånÝZ hmoVo h¢ CÝh| H$maUH$mo{Q>‘| {Z{dï>‘mZm OmVm h¡. JdmZ²Ho$ Omo ê$n, naÝVw, gd©gmYmaU hmoVo h¢, AWm©V² H$m ©{deofH$moAm{d y©V H$aZoH$s epŠVHo$ Ûmam {OZHo$ {Zê$nU H$aZoH$s Anojm Zht hmoVr, CÝh|ñdê$nH$mo{Q>‘| {Z{dï> ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AV… Eogr ñdê$nH$mo{Q>Ho$ {Zê$nUHo$ ~mXA~ H$maUH$mo{Q>H$m {Zê$nU AdgamonmÎm hmoZogo H$maUH$mo{Q>H$m {Zê$nU {H$`mOmVm h¡.

AÆ>mB©g VÎd, AVEd, ^JdmZ²H$s H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$ ê$n ‘mZo OmVo h¢. BÝh|"VÎd' H$hZoH$m hoVw "VÎd' nXH$s ì wËn{ÎmHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ñnï> hmo OmVmh¡ : VV²=^JdmZ²+Ëd=hmoZm. AV… {OZ-{OZ {deof ê$nm|H$mo Am{d y©V H$aZoHo${b o^JdmZ²Zo Omo-Omo {deof ê$n YmaU {H$ o do gmao ê$n ^JdmZ²Ho$ H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$ê$n {JZo OmVo h¢. AV… ^JdmZ²H$s H$maUVm bmoH$‘| AÆ>mB©g ê$nm|‘| àH$Q> hþ rgmo CVZo VÎd H$maUH$mo{Q>V`m n[aJ{UV hmoVo h¢. ^JdmZ²H$s Am{d^m©{dH$mepŠV BZ ê$nm|‘| g§H«$mÝV hþ r hmoZogo BÝh| ~«÷mÊS>m{d^m©{dH$m epŠVHo$ AgmYmaUAmYma hmoZogo ^JdX²JrVm Am¡a ^mJdVnwamU Ho$ AmYmana H$maUV`m ñdrH$mamOmVm h¡.

1-gÎdJwU gÎdJwU AZmdaH$ hmoVm h¡, àH$meH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a gwImË‘H$hmoZoHo$ gmW-gmW Xo{hAm|Ho$ ^rVa gwImgpŠV Am¡a kmZmgpŠV Ho$ Ûmam Xohm{X‘|AmgpŠVOZH$ hmoVm h¡.

2-aOmoJwU aOmoJwU amJmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, V¥îUm g§J Am{XH$m OZH$ hmoVm h¡Am¡a H$‘m©gpŠVHo$ Ûmam Xohm{X‘| ÑT>Va AmgpŠVH$m OZH$ hmoVm h¡. CnbjU{dY`mbmo ghgm àd¥{ÎmAm|‘| CbP OmZm Am{X ^r aOmoJwUHo$ n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢.

3-V‘moJwU V‘moJwU AmdaUepŠVHo$ H$maU àH$Q> hmoVm h¡, g^r Xo{hAm|Ho$^rVa ‘moh à~b H$aZodmbm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a à‘mX Ambñ` {ZÐm Am{XÛmam Xohm{X‘|ÑT>V‘ AmgpŠVH$m OZH$ hmoVm h¡. CnbjU{dY`m AàH$me Am¡a Aàd¥{Îm O¡gonm[aUm‘ ^r V‘moJwUdemV² hr àH$Q> hmoVo h¢.

BgHo$ ~mX ñd^mddmX m AZrídadmX Ho$ Adbå~ZÛmam H$m{nb gm§»`‘VHo$AZwgma Omo BZ VrZ JwUm|Ho$ ñdê$n {XIbm o J o h¢, CZ‘| BZH$m ñdVmo AZwdV©Z,VÎmV² n[aUm‘m|H$mo àH$Q> H$aZoH$mo AÝ`moÝ`{‘WwZd¥{Îm hmoZm VWm aOmoJwUH$sXw…ImË‘H$Vm BVZr ~mV| JrVm-^mJdVm{Xgo {déÕ OmVr hmoZogo A‘mÝ` H$aHo$Ad{eï> ~mVm|H$mo A{déÕ hmoZogo ‘mÝ` aIm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢{H$ o JwU ñd § ^JdmZ²‘|go àH$Q> hmoVo ‘mZo OmVo hmoZogo ^JdmZ²Ho$ AmZÝXm§eH$sepŠV yVm gd© dZgm‘Ï ©ê$nm ‘m`mHo$ Ûmam `h H$m © gånÝZ hmoVm h¡. BZ‘|aOmoJwU-V‘moJwUgo A{‘{lV gÎdJwU ^JdmZ²Ho$ ^yVbna AdVrU© hmoZonaAdVmaearaV`m àH$Q> hmoVm ‘mZm OmVm h¡. BZ VrZm| JwUm|‘| H$mbhoVwH$ jmoCËnÝZ hmoZona {‘{lV {ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${V-AdñWm BZ {ÌJwUm|H$s àH$Q> hmoVrh¡. jwãYV`m BVaoVa{‘{lV hmoZodmbo {ÌJwUm|H$s Bg "àH¥$Ë`m'»` AdñWmgo gyÌ`m ‘hV² VÎd CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡. BgHo$ Abmdm gw~mo{YZr(2&5&18)‘| ‘hmà wZo`h {ddoMZm ^r H$s h¡ {H$ H¡$go gpÀMXmZÝXê$n ^JdmZ²Ho$ gV² {MV² Ed§ AmZÝXHo$ hr nhbwAm|go `WmH«$‘ gÎdJwU aOmoJwU Am¡a V‘moJwU àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. dhm§ `hñnï>rH$aU {X`m J`m h¡ {H$ éB©‘|go ~ZZodmbm gyV éB©Ho$ ê$n‘| {XIbm`r ZhtXoVm naÝVw éB© gyV‘| {XIbm`r XoVr h¡. Bgr Vah àmH¥$VJwUa{hV ^JdmZ²‘| oVrZ JwU {XIbm`r Zht XoVo naÝVw ^JdmZ²Ho$ gV² {MV² Am¡a AmZÝX BZ VrZJwUm|‘| AZwJV hmoVo XoIo Om gH$Vo h¢.

4-nwéf VrZ JwUm|Ho$ ~mX A~ nwéfH$s ~mar AmVr h¡. nwéf `m{Z AmË‘m.Xoh BpÝÐ` Am{X g^r‘| Omo ì`mßV hmoVr hmo A{Y{ð>V hmoVr hmo Cgo "AmË‘m' H$hmOmVm h¡. BgHo$ VrZ bjU {XIbm o J o h¢ :

(H$)ñdê$nÑï>çm AmË‘m ñd §àH$meê$n hmoVr h¡.

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(I)bmoH$‘| AmË‘mH$mo AZm{X {ZJw©U àH¥${V{Z`m‘H$ Am¡a"Ah§'{d{ÎmdoÚ ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

(J)AmË‘mH$m ‘wŠË wn`moJr ñdê$n Bg Vah {Zê${nV {H$`mJ`m h¡ {H$ dh {dídJV JwU-Xmofm|go a{hV hmoZona ^r BZHo$ gmWg§gJ© aIZodmbr hmoVr h¡.

(H$)`{X AmË‘mH$mo ñd §àH$meê$n Z ‘mZm Om o Vmo AmË‘oVa {H$gr ^r{df`Ho$ àH$meZgo a{hV gwfwpßVHo$ g‘` hmoVo ñdmZw yË oH$doÚ {ZOmË‘kmZH$sì`m»`m hmo Zht nm oJr. AVEd Bg {df`‘| lrnmW©gma{WHo$ ‘VH$s AmbmoMZmH$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$maH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ {ZÐmH$m{bH$ gwIH$mo AmË‘mHo$ ñd §àH$mehmoZoHo$ à‘mUV`m ñdrH$maZm Amdí`H$ h¡. AVEd ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²‘| gwfwpßVHo$AmË‘mHo$ ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V hmoZoHo$ VÏ`na ^ma {X`m J`m h¡.

(I)AmË‘mH$mo "AZm{X' H$hZoH$m VmËn © `hr h¡ {H$ dh ‘hXm{X VÎdm|H$sVah gm{X Zht hmoVm. H$mb {ZJw©U hmoVm h¡ naÝVw dh "Ah§'{d{ÎmdoÚ Zht hmoVm.Xoh‘| ^r AmÜ`m{gH$ "Ah§'{d{Îm Vmo ahVr h¡ naÝVw Xoh àH¥${VHo$ {Z`m‘H$ ZhtàË wV àH¥${V{Z`V hr hmoVo h¢.

(J)AnZo ‘ybê$n‘| h nwéf ZmZm Zht hmoVm AWm©V² ZmZm Ordm|H$s g‘{ï>ê$nEH$ hr hmoVm h¡. AV… Omo nwéfH$m bjU h¡ dhr OrdH$m ^r bjU hmoVm h¡.àH¥${V `{X EH${dY hmoVr Vmo nwéf Am¡a Ord ^r gd©Wm EH${dY hr hmoVo AWm©V²nwéf EH$ Am¡a Ord ZmZm Z hmoVo. naÝVw àH¥${V ^r {Û{dY hmoVr h¡ : EH$‘ybàH¥${V Am¡a Xygar ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m. AV… H$mbÛmam jwãY hmoZona BVaoVa{‘{lVhmo OmZodmbo JwUm|H$s gmå`mdñWmdmbr ‘ybàH¥${V‘| ‘yb nwéfH$m M¡VÝ` à{V{~på~VhmoZona dh ‘hV² VÎdH$mo àH$Q> H$aVr h¡. VWm ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mgo ‘mo{hV hmo H$anwéf AnZo-AmnH$s ZmZm A§emË‘Zm {d^ŠVmdñWm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡. AVEd ZVmo g^r Ordm|H$m ñdVmo hr n¥WH$-n¥WH²$ ì`mnH$ hmoZm Am¡a Z ànÄMH$m {‘Ï`mhmoZm hr lw{V-ñ‘¥{V Am{X emñÌm|go {gÕ hmoVr ~mV| h¢. OrdmË‘mAm|H$mo gmjmV²Aja~«÷H$m A§e ‘mZm Om o AWdm Aja~«÷Ho$ nwéfmË‘Zm àH$Q> hmoZoHo$ ~mX

Cg nwéfH$m A§e ‘mZm Om o OrdmË‘mHo$ ^JdX§e hmoZoHo$ VÏ`‘| EVmdVm H$moB©AÝVa Zht n‹S>Vm.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma H$m{nb, nmVÄOb, ^mÅ>, àm^mH$a, Z¡ m{`H$, d¡eo{fH$Am¡a AÝV‘| {dkmZdmXr ‘VHo$ AZwgma AmË‘gå~ÝYr YmaUmAm|H$m {d‘e© H$aVoh¢. ‘m`mdm{XAm|Ho$ AZwgma Omo OrdmË‘mH$m ñdê$n h¡ CgH$m {dMma emñÌmW©àH$aUAm¡a {dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z ‘| gw{deX {H$`m J`m hmoZogo `hm§ nwZ… H$aZm AZno{jV h¡ EogmH$h H$a nwéf{Zê$nUH$mo g‘mßV H$aVo h¢.

5-àH¥${VBgHo$ ~mX àH¥${VH$m {Zê$nU H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ `h^JdmZ²H$m dh ‘w»` ê$n h¡ {H$ {OgHo$Ûmam do Bg O‹S>OJV²H$m CnmXmZ ~ZVo h¢.BVaoVa{‘{lV JwUm|H$s gmå`mdñWm "àH¥${V' H$hbmVr h¡. ^JdmZ²Ho$ gpÀMXmZÝXO¡go Y‘©-Y{‘©ê$n C^`{dY hmoVo h¢, Eogo hr àH¥${V‘| ^r gÎd-aOmo-V‘moJwUY‘©-Y{‘© mdmnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢. AV… JwUm|H$s gmå`mdñWmH$mo O¡go àH¥${V ‘mZmOmVm h¡ d¡go hr CÒV hmoZona BÝh| àH¥${VHo$ JwU ^r ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AVEdàH¥${VH$mo "VrZ JwUm|dmbr' ^r H$hm OmVm h¡. àH¥${V O‹S>OJV²H$m àYmZ CnmXmZhmoVr h¡ `h BgH$m BgHo$ ^JdËgÑe Eoíd © h¡. H$mb‘| Zht àË wV H$mbHo$ gmWàH$Q> hmoZm BgH$m ^JdËgÑe dr © h¡. AVEd Bg AW©‘| {ZË` hmoZm BgH$m^JdËgÑe è h¡. BgH$m gXgXmË‘H$ AWm©V² H$m ©-H$maUmË‘H$ hmoZm BgH$m^JdËgÑe lrJwU h¡. A{deof hmoZona ^r {deofdVr hmoZm BgHo$ ^JdËgÑekmZ-d¡am½` JwU h¢. g§jon‘| `m| àH¥${VHo$ JwUm|H$m {Zê$nU {H$`m OmVm h¡.

6-‘hV² àH¥${VHo$ ~mX Cggo CËnÝZ hmoZodmbo ‘hV² VÎdH$m ñdê$n {XIbm`mJ`m h¡. d¡go Vmo àH¥${Vgo gyÌ Am¡a ‘hV² Xmo ê$n àH$Q> hmoVo h¢ {’$a^r XmoZm| nañnaEH$dX² mdmnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢. AWm©V² gyÌ {H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ‘hV²kmZepŠV‘mZ², naÝVw, gyÌ Am¡a ‘hV² Amng‘| {‘b H$a kmZ-{H«$`m-C^èpŠV‘mZ²EH$ VÎd ~Z OmVm h¡. Eogo gyÌ{‘{lV ‘hV²Ho$ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ AmÜ`mpË‘H$ VWmAm{YX¡{dH$ oXde VrZ bjU `m| {X o OmVo h¢ : Am{Y^m¡{VH$ bjUV`m‘hV²H$mo {MÎmHo$ ê$n‘| g‘PZm Mm{h o. {MÎmH$m ñdê$n {Z{d©f` gd©{dH$mam|goa{hV kmZmpË‘H$m d¥{Îmdmbm hmoZm ‘mZm J`m h¡. Bg‘| bú`‘| aIZo bm`H$ ~mV

76 77

`h h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$^r {Z{d©f`H$ Zht hmo nmVr, ‘Z H$^r gd©{dH$maa{hV Zhthmo nmVm, gmpÎdH$ Ah§H$ma kmZê$n hmoZona ^r emÝV Kmoa {d‘yT> JwUdmboAh§H$mago {MÎmH$m AÝVa g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgr Vah ewÕ ‘Zgo ^r. Bgo"kmZñdê$n' Z H$h H$a "kmZmpË‘H$m d¥{Îmdmbm' Omo H$hm Cggo AmË‘mgo ^r{MÎmH$m oX g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡. AmÜ`mpË‘H$ bjUHo$ AZwgma {MÎm AnZogmpÎdH$ ê$n‘| Hy$Q>ñW hmoVm h¡ VWm ñdmYma{dídH$m ì`ÄOH$ hmoVm h¡, amOgbjUHo$ Vmoana `h OJV²H$m A§Hw$aê$n hmoVm h¡; Amoa, Vm‘g bjUHo$ VmoanaA{Vg‘W© V‘H$m ZmeH$ ^r hmoVm h¡. Am{YX¡{dH$ bjU {MÎmH$m `h h¡ {H$ dhdmgwXodHo$ Am{d^m©dH$m ñWmZê$n hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AVEd VÐÿnV`m Cnmñ` ^r hmoVmh¡.

7-Ah§H$ma {MÎmHo$ ~mX Ah§H$maH$s ~mar AmVr h¡. {MXm^mg hmoZoHo$H$maU Ah§H$ma {MX{MX²J«pÝWê$n hmoVm h¡. `h AnZo Vm‘gê$n‘| VÝ‘mÌmH$mOZH$ hmoVm h¡, amOgê$n‘| BpÝÐ`m|H$m OZH$ Am¡a gmpÎdH$ê$n‘| ‘ZmoOZH$ hmoVmh¡. BZ Y‘©nwa…ga bjUm|Ho$ Abmdm Y{‘©nwa…ga bjU‘| Ah§H$maH$mo "emÝV'"Kmoa' VWm "{d‘yT>' H$hm OmVm h¡. àmU Am¡a ~w{Õ Bgr Ah§H$maHo$ ê$nmÝVa hmoVoh¢. àmU g^r BpÝÐ`m|H$mo ~b XoZodmbm {H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² VÎd hmoVm h¡. ~w{ÕH$mñdê$n Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡. `h BpÝÐ`m|H$s AZwJ«m{hH$m hmoVr h¡ Am¡ag§e` {dn`m©g {ZíM` ñ‘¥{V VWm ñdmn ê$n nm§M d¥{ÎmAm|dmbr hmoVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ yVm|H$s gyú‘mdñWmê$n VÝ‘mÌm | nm§MhmoVr h¢. BÝh| {Z{d©eof eãXm{X JwUm|dmbo yV hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| AWdm Ah§H$mamonmXmZH$hmo H$a Omo VÎdmÝVaH$m CnmXmZ ~ZVr hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| n[a^m{fV {H$`m OmVm h¡.BZHo$ {deofbjU AYmo{Z{X©ï> ar{Vgo {X o J o h¡ :

8-eãX H$mZm|go {OgHo$ Y‘© gwZm`r XoVo hm| Cgo "eãXVÝ‘mÌm' H$hm OmVmh¡. Eogm H$hZogo eãXm|Ho$ Omo VmaËd ‘ÝÐËd ‘¥XwËd H$H©$eËd Am{X Y‘© gwZm`rXoVo h¢ CZ‘| h bjU Zht OmVm. Š`m|{H$ o Y‘© eãX‘| hmoVo h¢ ñd § Y‘m]‘| Zht.eãXHo$ H$maU {H$grH$mo Hw$N> {XIbm`r XoVm hmoZm OmZm gH$Vm h¡; CXmhaUV`m,H$moB© ì`pŠV AnZo gm‘Zo Z ^r hmo naÝVw "hmWr-hmWr' {Mëbm ahm hmo Vmo Cgo

hmWr {XIbm`r XoVm hmoZm Mm{h o Eogm Ðï´>Zw‘mZ hmoVm h¡. eãX Ñí`H$m ^rkmnH$ hmoVm h¡; CXmhaUV`m, y{‘H$mo XoIo {~Zm nXÝ`mg H$aZodmboH$mo ""ZrMoXoImo {~ÀNw>na H$ht n¡a Z n‹S> Om o'' H$hZogo {~ÀNw>H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡. eãXAWm©l` ^r hmoVm h¡; naÝVw, `h CgHo$ Am{YX¡{dH$ ñdê$nH$m bjU h¡,VÝ‘mÌmê$n eãXna dh bmJy Zht hmoVm. BgHo$ ~mX Ý`m`‘V Ed§ ^mÅ>‘V Ho$AZwgma eãXHo$ ñdê$nH$s {ddoMZm H$s h¡.

9-ñne© `h dm wH$s VÝ‘mÌm ËdMmÛmam J¥hrV hmoVr h¡. d¡go dm wgo boH$an¥Ïdr VH$ Mmam|‘| `h JwU nm`m OmVm h¡. AVEd Bgo eãXì`mß` JwUHo$ ê$n‘|AWdm ê$nì`mnH$ JwUHo$ ê$n‘| ^r nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h¡. BgHo$ ~mX Bg ~mao‘|d¡eo{fH$m|Ho$ ‘VH$m gw{deX {d‘e© {H$`m h¡.

10-ê$n VoOH$s VÝ‘mÌm ê$n ZoÌm|go J«mh² hmoVr h¡. `h Ðì`H$s AmH¥${VO¡gr AmH¥${Vdmbm hmoVr h¡ AWdm ì`pŠVg§ñWmHo$ g‘mZ g§ñWmdmbo JwUHo$ ê$n‘|^r Bgo n[a^m{fV {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡. Bgo ñne©dmß`JwU `m agì`mnH$JwUHo$ê$n‘| ^r Bgo n[a^m{fV {H$`m OmVm h¡. Bg {df`‘| lrnmW©gma{WHo$ ‘V Ed§Amb§H$m[aH$m|Ho$ ‘V H$m ^r {d‘e© {H$`m J`m h¡.

11-ag ObH$s VÝ‘mÌm ag agZopÝÐ`go J«mh² hmoVr h¡. `h Aì`ŠV‘YwahmoVr h¡. ì`ŠV Am¡a Aì`ŠV Ho$ oXgo H$fm` ‘Ywa {VŠV H$Qw> Aåb jma Am¡a{‘l Ho$ gmV oXm|dmbr hmoVr h¡. Bgo ê$nì`mß`JwU `m JÝYì`mnH$JwU Ho$ ê$n‘|^r nhMmZm Om gH$Vm h¡. Ob‘| `h Aì`ŠV‘Ywa hr hmoVr h¡ naÝVw ObHo$AZoH${dY AmYmam|Ho$ oXde Ob‘| agmÝVaH$s àVr{V ^r hmoVr hr h¡.

12-JÝY n¥{WdrH$s VÝ‘mÌm JÝY K«mUopÝÐ`go J«mh² hmoVr h¡. `h JÝYñdml`r yV Ðì`go A{YH$Xoe‘| ^r CnbãY hmo gH$Vm h¡. "{dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z' Zm‘H$J«ÝW‘|go Bg {df`H$m {dñV¥V CÕaU Xo H$a J«ÝWH$maZo {gÕ {H$`m h¡ {H$Ad`dr Ðì`Ho$ gyú‘ Ad`dm|Ho$ ~{h{Z©…gaUHo$ H$maU Zht {H$ÝVw JÝYVÝ‘mÌmHo$

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ñd §Ho$ hr ñdml`Ðì`m{YH$XoedVu hmoZoHo$ H$maU ñdml`r yV Xoego AÝ`Ì ^rJÝY CnbãY hmoVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX n§M‘hm yVm|H$m {Zê$nU H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ o~{h[apÝÐ`J«mh² {deofJwUdmZ² hmoVo h¢.

13-AmH$me AmH$me g^r yVm|H$mo AdH$me àXmZ H$aVm h¡. AmH$meHo$H$maU hr {H$gr dñVwHo$ ~mha `m ^rVa hmoZoH$m ì`dhma gå^d hmo nmVm h¡.d¡eo{fH$m|Ho$ ‘V‘| Bgo OÝ` Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡ naÝVw doXmÝV‘| AmH$meH$s ^rCËn{Îm ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. AmH$me‘| Zr{b‘mH$s àVr{V dmñV{dH$ hmoVr h¡ `m«mpÝVê$nm? Bg àíZH$s {ddoMZm H$aVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ AmH$me

Zrê$n hr hmoVm h¡. Zr{b‘mH$s àVr{V ^«mpÝVê$nm hr hmoVr h¡. AmH$meH$moMjwH$s gm‘Ï ©go AJ«mh² ‘mZZona^r à‘o ~bgo Mjwgo J¥hrV hmoVm ‘mZZmMm{h o. Š`m|{H$ AdH$memË‘H$ AmH$me {XIbm`r XoVm hr h¡. BgH$m {deofJwU eãX hmoVm h¡.

14-dm`w dm`w Zrê$n hmoVr h¡. MmbZ, ì`yhZ, JÝY-Ðì`-eãXm|H$mñd §Ho$ gmW Z`Z, Am¡a g^r BpÝÐ`m|H$mo ~b àXmZ H$aZm BVZo BgHo$ H$m © hmoVoh¢. BZ‘| "MmbZ'H$m AW© hmoVm h¡; CXmhaUV`m, d¥jH$s emImAm|H$mo {hbmZm,"ì yhZ'H$m ‘Vb~; CXmhaUV`m hr, pIao hþdo d¥jHo$ nÎmm|H$mo EH${ÌV H$a XoZm,JÝYH$mo AnZo Aml`Xoego AÝ`Ì nhþ§MmZm, H$n‹S>m O¡go {H$gr R>mog Ðì`H$mo ^rAnZo gmW C‹S>mHo$ bo OmZm, eãXH$mo ^r CgHo$ CËn{ÎmñWbgo AÝ`Ì bo OmZmAm¡a AÝV‘| g^r BpÝÐ`m|H$mo ~b àXmZ H$aZm, o dm wHo$ H$m © h¢. Bg {Zê$nU‘|àmUm{Xê$n dm wH$m ^r g§J«h hmo OmVm h¡. BgH$m {deof JwU ñne© hmoVm h¡ Am¡aH$maUgo ApÝdV hmoZona eãX ^r BgH$m JwU hmoVm h¡. AV… dm wH$mo Xmo JwUm|dmbmÐì` ‘mZm OmVm h¡.

15-VoO VoOHo$ àH$meZ nmMZ nmZ {h‘‘X©Z AXZ Am¡a emofU ê$n N>hH$m © hmoVo h¢. àH$meZ gy © Am{X àH$me{nÊS>m|‘| ñnï> {XIbm`r XoVm h¡. nmMZ

OR>amp½ZÛmam Im o hþdo AÝZH$mo nMmZm `m ~mh² mp½ZÛmam ImÚmÝZH$mo nH$mZm,’$b Am{XH$mo nH$mZoH$m H$m‘ gy ©Ho$ VoOÛmam hmoVm ^r XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡. ObAm{XH$m nmZ ^r VoOH$m H$m © h¡. Bgr Vah AÝZm{XH$m AXZ ^r VoOH$m © h¡."{h‘‘X©Z'H$m ‘Vb~ hmoVm h¡ {h‘H$mo Xya H$aZm. "emofU'H$m AW© h¡ Yyn‘|dñÌ‘|go ObH$m emofU hmo OmZm. Bgr Vah yI Am¡a ß`mg ^r VoOHo$ H$m © h¢.AVEd MoVZàmUrÛmam Omo Obm{XH$m nmZ AÝZm{XH$m ^jU hmoVm h¡, dh ^r^rVa aho VoOH$m hr H$m © h¡. BgH$m {deof JwU ê$n hmoVm h¡ Am¡a eãX-ñne©CZHo$ H$maUm|Ho$ gmW ApÝdV hmoZona VoO‘| CnbãY hmoVo h¢. AV… `h VrZJwUm|dmbm nXmW© h¡.

16-Ob ObHo$ ŠboXZ {nÊS>Z V¥pßV àrUZ Amß`m`Z àoaU VmnmnZmoXZAm¡a y ñËd BVZo H$m © hmoVo h¢. "ŠboXZ'H$m ‘Vb~ h¡ dñÌ O¡gr dñVwH$mo{ÔmZm. "{nÊS>Z'H$m AW© hmoVm h¡ {H$gr dñVwHo$ MyU©H$mo {nÊS>r yV H$aZm."V¥pßV' yI Am{XH$mo {Zd¥Îm H$aHo$ nwéfH$mo V¥ßV H$aZm h¡. "àmUZ'H$m AW© hmoVmh¡ {ObmZm. "Amß`m`Z'H$m ‘Vb~ hmoVm h¡ àmUm|H$m gÝVn©U. "àoaU'H$m ‘Vb~hmoVm h¡ ObÛmam AnZo àdmhH$s {Xem‘| {H$gr dñVwH$mo ~hm bo OmZm. "VmnmnZmoXZ'Ja‘rH$mo Xya H$aZm h¡. " y ñËd'H$m ‘Vb~ hmoVm h¡ {H$ Ob Ohm§ ^r ahVm hmodhm§ BH$Ç>o hmo H$a ahVm h¡. BgH$m {deof JwU ag hmoVm h¡ Am¡a eãX-ñne-ê$nBZHo$ H$maUm|go ApÝdV hmoZona {‘bVo h¢.

17-n¥Ïdr n¥Ïdr ê$ndmZ² Ðì` hmoVr h¡ VWm g~H$mo gmjmV² YmaU H$aZodmbr"YaUr' hmoVr h¡. n¥Ïdr g^rH$s AmYma hmoZoHo$ gmW g^r VÎdm|H$s ì`md{V©H$m^r hmoVr h¡. Š`m|{H$ nm{W©d H$mð>m{X Z hmo Vmo d{• àH$Q> Zht hmo nmVr. n¥ÏdrHo${~Zm Ob ^r H$hm§ âm Om gH$Vm h¡? nm{W©d ìÒZgo hdm ^r {‘bVr hr h¡.Bgr Vah JV©Ho$ {~Zm AmH$me ^r hmo Zht gH$Vm. Z earaHo$ {~Zm g^r BpÝÐ`m§`m AmË‘m Am{d y©V hmo nmVr h¡. n¥ÏdrH$m {deof JwU JÝY h¡ naÝVw AnZo-AnZoH$maUm|Ho$ gmW ApÝdV hmoZona eãX-ñne©-ê$n-ag ^r n¥Ïdr‘| àH$Q> hmoVo h¢.

BgHo$ ~mX BpÝÐ`m|H$m ñdê$n g‘PmVo hþdo J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ BpÝÐ`m§V¡Og Ah§H$maê$n CnmXmZgo àH$Q> hmoVr h¢ Am¡a `m Vmo qH«$`m `m kmZ H$s H$aU

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hmoVr h¢. Xohgo g§ wŠV hmo H$a o BpÝÐ`m§ AnZo ’$bÛmam AmË‘mH$s km{nH$m ^rhmo OmVr h¢. BgHo$ ~mX ‘r‘m§gH$ Z¡ m{`H$ Am{X AZoH$ ‘Vm|‘| BpÝÐ`Ho$ ~mao‘|Omo {dMma h¢ CZH$m {d‘e© {H$`m J`m h¡. ‘m`mdm{XAm|H$mo Omo BpÝÐ`m|H$m ^m¡{VH$VWm ‘Ü`‘n[a‘mU hmoZm A{^àoV h¡, CgHo$ {dnarV dmëb^ doXmÝV‘| BpÝÐ`m|H$moA^m¡{VH$ Am¡a AUwn[a‘mU ‘mZm J`m h¡.

nm§M H$‘}pÝÐ`m§ n§M{dY ì`dhmaH$s OZH$ hmoVr h¢ :

18-dmH²$ dm{JpÝÐ` eãXmoÀMmaUHo$ ì`dhmaH$s H$aU Am¡a dpôZXodVmH$hmoVr h¡.

19-nm{U nmUrpÝÐ` {eënOZZ ì`dhmaH$s H$aU BÝÐXodVmH$ hmoVr h¡.

20-CnñW CnñWopÝÐ` AmZÝXOZZ ì`dhmaH$s H$aU Am¡a àOmn{VXodVmH$hmoVr h¡.

21-nmX nmXopÝÐ` J{Vì`dhmaH$s H$aU Am¡a {dîUwXodVmH$ hmoVr h¡.

22-nm w nmpædpÝÐ` {dgJ©ì`dhmaH$s H$aU Am¡a {‘ÌXodVmH$ hmoVr h¡.

BgHo$ ~mX nm§M kmZopÝÐ`m|H$m {Zê$nU Bg Vah {H$`m J`m h¡ :

23-lmoÌ Z^Ho$ {deofJwU eãXH$m J«hU H$aZodmbr lmoÌopÝÐ` {XJ²XodVmH$hmoVr h¡.

24-ËdMm dm`wHo$ {deofJwU ñne©H$s J«m{hH$m Ëd{JpÝÐ` dm`wXodVmH$hmoVr h¡.

25-K«mU n¥ÏdrHo$ {deofJwU JÝYH$s J«m{hH$m K«mUopÝÐ` ApídXodVmH$hmoVr h¡.

26-Mjw VoOHo$ {deofJwU ê$nH$s J«m{hH$m Mjw[apÝÐ` gy ©XodVmH$ hmoVrh¡.

27-agZm ObHo$ {deofJwU agH$s J«m{hH$m agZopÝÐ` déUXodVmH$ hmoVrh¡.

o g^r bjU ^mJdVnwamUHo$ {ÛVr` Am¡a V¥Vr` ñH$ÝYm|‘| {‘bVo BZHo${Zê$nUHo$ AmYmana {Xò Jò h¢. ò Xgm| BpÝÐ`m§ kmZOZH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maUgmpÎdH$ hmoZona ^r amOg ~w{Õ Ed§ àmUm| Ho$ AmYrZ hmo H$a AnZm H$m‘ H$aVrhmoZoHo$ H$maU amOg ‘mZr J`r h¢. Bgr Vah {H«$`mOZH$ BpÝÐ`m§ O‹S>n ©dgm`rhmoZoHo$ H$maU Vm‘g ‘mZr OmVr h¢. `h ^r ^mJdVHo$ {ÛVr` Ed§ V¥Vr` ñH$ÝYm|‘|d{U©V h¡ hr. BZ BpÝÐ`m|Ho$ XodVmAm|H$m Omo {Zê$nU {H$`m J`m dh CZ-CZHo$H$m ©ê$n {df`m|H$mo A{^ì`ŠV H$aZoHo$ AW©‘| g‘PZm Mm{h o. g^r kmZopÝÐ`m§AnZo J«hU`mo½` {df`H$mo àmßV H$aZona hr CZH$m àH$meZ H$aVr h¢. H$‘}pÝÐ`m|Ho$Ûmam gånÝZ hmoVr VÎmV² {H«$`m hr CZH$m ì`mnma hmoVr h¡. BZ {H«$`mAm|ÛmamñWybearaH$m {H«$`merb ~Z OmZm Cg ì`mnmaH$m ’$b hmoVm h¡.

28-‘Z {H«$`m Am¡a kmZ ê$n XmoZm| H$m`m]H$mo H$aZodmbm ‘Z C^`mË‘H$hm oVm h¡. `h ‘Z g§H$ën-{dH$ënmË‘H$ Am¡a H$m‘OZH$ hm oVm h¡.~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX²Ho$ ""H$m‘… g§H$ënmo {d{M{H$Ëgm lÕm AlÕm Y¥{V… AY¥{V…õr Yr… r… BË oVV² gdª ‘ZEd'' Bg dMZHo$ AZwgma gwI Xw…I Ûof à`ËZ ñZohAm{X AH${WV AÝ` ^r AZoH$ JwU ‘ZHo$ hr hmoVo h¢, AmË‘M¡VÝ`Ho$ Zht.‘ZH$mo MÝÐXodVmH$ Am¡a AUwn[a‘mU ‘mZm J`m h¡

BZ AÆ>mB©g VÎdm|Ho$ Abmdm, ~«÷mÊS>H$s CËn{Îmgo nyd© BZ VÎdm|go n¥WŠV`m{dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ emñÌ‘| {Zê$nU CnbãY Z hmoZogo, g§»`m Am{X JwUm|H$s VWm

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gm‘mÝ` Am{X nXmWm]H$s H$maUH$mo{Q>Ho$ AÝVJ©V n[aJUZm H$s Zht OmVr h¡.AV… d¡eo{fH$m|H$mo A{^‘V gmV nXmW©, Zm¡ Ðì`, Mm¡drg JwU, nm§M H$‘©,{Ì{dY gm‘mÝ`, AZÝV {deof, g‘dm` Am¡a MVw{d©Y A^mdm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVoH$B©Am|H$m Vmo BÝht VÎdm|‘| `Wm`W AÝV^m©d `m AñdrH$ma g‘P boZm Mm{h o.`Wm Mm¡drg JwUm|‘|go eãXm{X nm§M JwUm|H$m Vmo BÝht nm§M VÝ‘mÌmAm|‘|,n¥WŠËdH$m Am{d^m©d‘|, g§ moJ JwéËd ÐdËd Am¡a ñZoh H$m ñne©‘|, ^mdZm Am¡ag§ñH$ma H$m kmZ‘|, Y‘m©Y‘©H$m H$‘©‘|, AÝV^m©d hmoVm h¡. gm‘mÝ`H$m AmH¥${V‘oAm¡a ì`pŠVàdmh‘| {Zdoe ñdrH$mam J`m h¡. "{deof' Zm‘H$ ñdVÝÌ nXmW© VmoA‘mÝ` hr h¡; Š`m|{H$, J«ÝWH$ma H$hVo h¢ {H$ ñd § VÎd{MÝVm‘{UH$ma lraKwZmW{eamo‘{UZo "nXmW©IÊS>Z' Zm‘H$ J«ÝW‘| {ZË`Ðì`m|H$m ñdVmoì`md¥Îm hmoZm ñdrH$mamh¡. g‘dm`H$m Vmo VmXmËå`‘| AÝV^m©d {XIbm`m hr Om MwH$m h¡. A^mdm|H$m{Vamo md‘| AÝV^m©d ^r {XIbm hr {X`m J`m h¡. AV… ah OmVo h¢ Ho$db g§»`mn[a‘mU {d^mJ naËd AnaËd ~w{Õ gwI Xw…I BÀN>m Ûof à`ËZ pñW{VñWmnH$g§ñH$ma doJ Am¡a CËjonUm{X n§M{dY H$‘©, AV… BZHo$ VÎdmÝVa hmoZoH$sAme§H$m CR> gH$Vr h¡. gmo BÝh| CpëbpIV VÎdm|go An¥Wp½dÚ‘mZ hmoZoHo$ hoVwdeAÆ>mB©g VÎdm|go A{V[aŠV Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm. AV… {gÕ hþdm {H$ VÎdAÆ>mB©g hr hmoVo h¢.

Bg Vah AÆ>mB©g VÎdm|Ho$ {Zê$nUHo$ gmW `h Xygar Va§J `hm§ g‘mßV hmoVrh¡.

3.à‘o Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$m ©H$mo{Q>H$m {Zê$nU : ~«÷ê$n à‘o H$s H$m ©H$mo{Q>Ho$~mao‘|, J«ÝWH$maH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ Bg {df`‘| dmëb^ doXmÝV A{Z`VnXmW©dmXrhmoZoHo$ H$maU H$m`m]H$s g§»`m AZÝV ‘mZr J`r h¡.

{’$a^r JUe… {dMma H$aZona Xmo VahHo$ H$m © hmoVo h¢ : OrdJU Am¡aO‹S>JU. BZHo$ ^r nwZ… Xmo à oX `m| hmoVo h¢ : ì`{ï>JU Am¡a g‘{ï>JU. "ì`{ï>'nXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ dñVwH$m Eogm ñdê$nH$s {OgH$s JUZm H$aZr gå^d Z hmo."g‘{ï>' nXH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ dñVwH$m Eogm ñdê$n {OgH$s JUZm H$aZr eŠ` hmo.Š`m|{H$ ì`pŠVe… JUZm AeŠ` hmoZona ^r VÎmV² g‘wXm`Ho$ ê$n‘| JUZm eŠ`

hmo OmVr h¡. h‘ g^r ì`{ï>ê$n hmoVo h¢ VWm `h ~«÷mÊS> h‘mar g‘{ï> hmoVm h¡.XohpñWV gOrd H$mofm|H$s VwbZm‘| h‘ g‘{ï> h¢ naÝVw h‘ {Og g‘wXm`Ho$ gXñ`hm| CgH$s VwbZm‘| h‘ ì`{ï>ê$n hmoVo h¢. Bg Vah CÎmamoÎma ì`{ï>-g‘{ï>^mdKQ>-~‹T> gH$Vm h¡.

o g^r H$m © {ÌJwUmË‘H$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU {Ì{dY hmoVo h¢. JwU r gpÀMXmZÝXHo$oXdemV² ^JdËñdê$nHo$ {Ì{dY hmoZoHo$ H$maU {Ì{dY hmoVo h¢.

gÎdJwUmdVma a‘m{dîUwHo$ d¡Hw$ÊR>‘| 1^JdÔohê$n, 2d¡Hw$ÊR>dmgr Ordê$nAm¡a 3d¡Hw$ÊR>bmoH$ê$n Ho$ oXde ewÕ gÎdJwU VrZ VahH$m hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah~«÷bmoH$‘| aOmoJwUmdVma 1~«÷mOrH$m Xohê$n, 2~«÷bmoH$Ho$ Ordê$n Am¡a3~«÷bmoH$mË‘H$ ewÕ aOmoJwU ^r VrZ VahH$m hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah V‘moJwUmdVmaéÐbmoH$‘| 1éÐXohê$n, 2éÐbmoH$Ho$ Ordê$n Am¡a 3éÐbmoH$mË‘H$ ewÕ V‘moJwU^r VrZ àH$maH$m hmoVm h¡.

gpÀMXmZÝXHo$ AÝVJ©V gX§e A{Y yVê$n hmoVm h¡. {MX§e AÜ`mË‘ê$nhmoVm h¡. AmZÝXm§e A{YX¡dê$n hmoVm h¡. ~«÷Ho$ AgmYmaU Y‘© hmoZo `m ñdVÝÌhmoZo Ho$ H$maU A{YX¡dËd AmVm h¡. AÜ`mË‘Vm AmVr h¡ A{^‘ÝVm hmoZoHo$H$maU. A{Y yVVm AmVr h¡ A{YX¡dHo$ Am¡a AÜ`mË‘Ho$ {b o ì`dhmahoVw ~ZZoHo$H$maU. d¡go VÎmpÝZ`m‘H$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU A{YX¡dËd AmVm h¡ Am¡a VÎmpÝZ`å`hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r AÜ`mË‘Ëd Am¡a A{Y yVËd AmVm h¡.

O¡go ~«÷‘| 1H¥$îU, 2Aja Am¡a 3AÝV`m©‘r hmoZoHo$ VrZ ê$n oX ‘mZo OmVoh¢, d¡go hr, ~«÷mÊS>Ho$ àH$Q> hmoZona 1nwéfmoÎm‘ 2Aja~«÷ Am¡a 3ja Eogo VrZà oX àH$Q> hmoVo h¢. lrH¥$îUHo$ AWdm g‘{ï>-AÝV`m©‘r Ho$ hr ~«÷m-{dîUw-éÐ ê$nr {Ì{dY JwUmdVma Am¡a Xe{dY `m MVwqd©e{V{dY brbmdVma àH$Q>hmoVo h¢, Eogm {Zê$nU emñÌm|‘| CnbãY hmoVm h¡. AdVmam|go AdVmarHo$ Hw$N>VmaVå`Ho$ H$maU hr Cn{ZfXm|‘| 1{díd, 2V¡Og 3àmk go A{V[aŠV 4Vwar` EH$MVwW© oX Am¡a {Zê${nV hþdm h¡.

84 85

BZ ~«m{÷H$ `m nma‘mpË‘H$ ê$nm|H$s epŠVAm|‘| ^r H«$‘e… lrH¥$îUH$sepŠV 1gd©^dZgm‘Ï`©ê$nm ‘m`m ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. Aja~«÷H$s epŠV2{ÌJwUmpË‘H$m àH¥${V ñdrH$mar J`r h¡. Am¡a OrdmË‘mH$s epŠV 3A{dÚm ‘mZrOmVr h¡. Bg A{dÚmHo$ ^r nwZ… VrZ à oX hmoVo h¢ : 1{ZÐm 2{MÝVm Am¡a3BÝÐOmbVm.

AmË‘mAm|Ho$ ^r nwZ… àmß` 1na‘mË‘m, gmonmZ yV 2{d y{Vê$nmË‘m Am¡aàmßVm 3OrdmË‘m `m| VrZ à oX hmoVo h¢. Bg OrdmË‘mH$s EH$ nwéfg‘{ï> hmoVr h¡.AZoH$ OrdmË‘mAm|Ho$ ê$n‘| ì`{ï> Ord AZoH$ hmoVo h¢.

JwUm|‘| ^r V‘moaO…gÎdm|Ho$ àôXHo$ ~mao‘| ‘¡ÌmÙr`mon{ZfX²‘| `h EH$ñnï>rH$aU Am¡a {‘bVm h¡ {H$ V‘moJwUgo V‘moJwUHo$ gma yV aOmoJwUH$s CËn{ÎmhmoVr h¡. aOmoJwUgo aOmoJwUHo$ gma^yV gÎdJwUH$s CËn{Îm hmoVr h¡. AVEdàUdH$s VrZ ‘mÌmAm|‘| "A'H$maH$m "C'H$ma‘| b` hmoVm h¡. "C'H$maH$m "‘'H$ma‘|b` hmoVm h¡. Bgr Vah JwUm{^‘mZr XodVmAm|Ho$ ~mao‘| ^r g‘P boZm Mm{h o.H$m ©ê$n JwU {dH$ma^mdmnÝZ hmoZona àË oH$ àmUr‘| 1ñd^md, 2eara Am¡a 3JwUHo$ oXdemV² VrZ VahHo$ hmoVo h¢. BZ‘| 1ñd^mdê$n gmpÎdH$, amOg `m Vm‘gJwU Vmo AZwëb§¿` hr hmoVo hr h¢. 2earaê$n gmpÎdH$Vm, amOgVm `m Vm‘gVmVmo Am{^‘m{ZH$ ‘yT>Vmde hr àH$Q> hmo nmVr h¡. àm{UAm|‘| 3JwUY‘©ê$n gmpÎdH$Vm,amOgVm `m Vm‘gVm Vmo g§J VWm emñÌm| Ho$ H$maU KQ>Vr-~‹T>Vr ah gH$Vr h¡.

earaHo$ ñWyb Am¡a gyú‘ `m| Xmo à oX hmoVo h¢. ñWyb eara nm§M^m¡{VH$ hmoVmh¡. AVEd n§M‘hm yVm|Ho$ CnmXmZê$n Vm‘g Ah§H$ma ‘hV² Am¡a àH¥${V Ho$ oXm|Ho$AmYrZ ñWyb eara‘| JwUm|H$s ^r CnmXmZVm {gÕ hmoVr h¡; AVEd, H$mbmYrZVm^r. Bgr{b o earaàH¥${VHo$ AZoH$ à oX ^r {gÕ hmo OmVo h¢. d¡go n§MrH$aUH$sà{H$`mHo$ AZwgma ^r àË oH$ ^m¡{VH$ {nÊS>‘| : àW‘ AYmªe nm§M‘|go {H$gr EH$yVH$m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {ÛVr` AYmªe‘| Ad{eï> Mma yVm|‘|go àË oH$H$m EH$

Aï>‘m§e ^mJ hmoVm h¡. AVEd JrVmoŠV ar{Vgo {Ì{dY Amhma ^r d¡go-d¡go

earam|Ho$ nmofH$ hmo H$a d¡go-d¡go earam|H$mo {à` hmoVo h¢. `h {d{dYVm AVEdBZ ‘m¡{bH$ earaKQ>H$m|Ho$ oXH$m {dMma H$aZona gwg§JV hmo OmVr h¡.

BZHo$ Abmdm BZ JwUg§{‘lUm|Ho$ ~mao‘| `h EH$ Am¡a AdYo VÏ` h¡ {H${H$gr EH$ ñd^mdH$m Xygao ñd^mdde H$^r Cn‘X©Z hmoVm h¡ Vmo H$^r Zht ^r.Bg‘| ^Jd{XÀN>mYrZ H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^mdm|Ho$ ~bm~bm|H$m VmaVå`H$mo hr H$m‘H$aVm OmZZm Mm{h o.

(Jmoñdm{‘-lrXr{jVmË‘O-í`m‘‘Zmoha-{da{MV "àñWmZ-aËZmH$a' Zm‘H$ J«ÝWH$m gma `hm§ gånyU© hmoVm h¡)

86 87

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H«$‘mo {df`… n¥îR>‘²

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88 89

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90 91

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K{Q>V-àUmS>r-{d‘e©… ... 15418 CŠV{df o ‘m`mdmXm{^‘V-à{V{~å~-àUmS>r-{d‘e©… ...

15419 ^JdËgmjmËH$maàUmS>r ... 162

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4 AZw{‘{V{b“bjU‘² ... 166

5 njbjU‘² ... 1667 hoVwbjU‘² ... 166

8 hoVwgmÜ``mo… ì`mpßVKQ>H$gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`bjU‘² ...1679 AZw{‘{VÛ¡{dÜ`‘² ... 16710 Ho$dbì`{VaoŠ`Zw‘mZ{Zê$nU‘² ... 17011 AÝd`ì`{VaoŠ`Zw‘mZ{Zê$nU‘² .. 17012 {Û{dYm`mA{n AZw{‘Vo… ñdmW©namW© oXoZ AdmÝVamo oX… ...

17113 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$md`dñdê$no ‘Vd¡{dÜ § ... 17114 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$à{Vkmñdê$n‘² ... 17115 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$hoVwñdê$n‘² ... 17116 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$moXmhaUñdê$n‘² ... 17217 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$monZ`ñdê$n‘² ... 17218 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H${ZJ‘Zñdê$n‘² ... 17219 nam‘e©ñdê$n‘² ... 172

20 namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$md`d{dfò ^mÅ>‘Vm“rH$ma…

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1792 Cn‘mZñ` à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 1793 AWm©nÎmo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 1804 AZwnbãYo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 1835 Eo{Vh² ñ` à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 1836 gå^dñ` à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 184

92 93

7 bmoH$à{gÕo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 1848 Moï>m-{bß`mo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 1849 à{V^m`m… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² ... 184

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à‘o n[aÀN>oXñ`

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94 95

5 VÌ ñd^mdñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² ... 206

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*à‘o o H$m ©H$mo{Q>{Zê$nH$… V¥Vr`… Va“…*1 OS>Ord`mo… ì`pîQ>-g‘pîQ> oXoZ H$m ©Û¡{dÜ`‘² ... 2602 H$m ©ñ` {ÌJwUmË‘H$ËdoZ Ì¡{dÜ`‘² ... 2603 gpÀMXmZÝXm§emZm§ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ËdmÜ`mpË‘H$Ëdm{Y-

X¡{dH$Ëdm{Z… ... 2604 H¥$îUmjamÝV`m©{‘-nwéfmoÎm‘mjaja- oXmä`m§ Ì¡{dÜ`-

ì`dñWm ... 2615 H¥$îUm{XÌ`mUm§ ‘m`m{XepŠVÌ¡{dÜ`‘² ... 2616 Ordo@{n nwéf-ì`pîQ>-g‘pîQ>- oXoZ V‘Am{X JwU-

Ì¡{dÜ`‘² ... 2617 ñd^md-eara-JwU oXoZ H$m ©ê$nJwUmZm§ Ì¡{dÜ`‘² ...2618 ñWybgyú‘ oXoZ earaÛ¡{dÜ`‘² ... 2629 J«ÝWmoÕ¥VdMZmZm‘² AmH$añWb{ZX}emZwH«$‘{UH$m ... 264

1 2

Ÿ&&ŸàñWmZaËZmH$a…Ÿ&&à_mUn[aÀN>oX…

Ÿ&&ŸlrH¥$îUm` Z_…Ÿ&&

gmo@ñ_mZmZÝX`Ëdmewnm. o.1 `… ñd^ŠVmZwH$ån`mŸ&&

XmåZm ~Õ… ñdZmåZm Vw _moM`Ë`mVwamZ² OZmZ²Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&

`Ëà_o _wéYm@@H$ao pñWV§ Zmonnm{XV_wVmonnm{XV_²Ÿ&&

{dàH$sU©{_{VVÝ_Zrf`moX²J¥ôç `wpŠV{^[ahmondÊ`©VoŸ&&2Ÿ&&

Ÿ&&ŸCnHy$b_²Ÿ&&

VÌ VmdX² JdVm ì`mgoZ, eãXñ` AZnoj§ àm_mÊ § ñdrH¥$Ë`, MVwb©jÊ`m§àW_o eãX~b{dMmaoU¡d à_o`{ZU©`… H¥$V…; VV… à_o`gmYZ\$bm{Z{dMm[aVmZr{V, AmMm`£a{n VW¡d gw~mo{YÝ`mXm¡ {Zê$ß`Vo. C{MVÄM EVV²""_mZmYrZm _o {g{Õa²'' B{V AÝ`Ìm{n VWm“rH$maoU A{dà{VnÝZËdmX². AV…VXod AÌm{n nydª {Zê$nUr`_².

VÌ "à_mU'eãXmo (1)^mdì wËnÝZmo ê$T>mo dmnm. o.2 A~m{YVkmZo dV©Vo~mY`mo½`-ì`{V[aŠVo M, (2)H$aUì wËnÝZñVw VmÑekmZH$aUo. AV… à_mÛ¡{dÜ`mV²VËH$aUñ`m{n Û¡{dÜ`{_{V VX² {deXrH$Vªw àW_V… gn[aH$a§ kmZ§ {Zê$ß`Vo.

Ÿ

&&ŸnmR>ôXmdbrŸ&&

1. gmo@ñ_mZmZÝX`Ë`mew B{V H$ nmR>…. 2. ê$T>mo dm B{V A H$ nmR>`mo…ZmpñV. J«ÝWH¥${XVahñVmjamonoVm`m§ Am _mV¥H$m`m§ J«ÝWH¥$ÕñVmja¡aod g§emo{YVm`m§g_wnbä`_mZËdmV² {Zdoe…, VW¡d I J L> _mV¥H$mñd{n Cnbä`_mZËdoZ.

Ÿ&&Ÿà_mñdê$n~moYm¡n{`H$kmZôXmonôX{Zê$nH$… H$ëbmob…Ÿ&&

*ŸVÌ Xe{dYkmZ{Zê$nH$… AmÚ… Va“…Ÿ*

VÌ ""gË § kmZ_ZÝV§ ~«÷'' (ŸV¡{Îm.Cn.2Ÿ&1Ÿ&1Ÿ) B{V lwVo… ~«÷ñdê$n_odVV². `Xm ^JdmZ² {gg¥j{V VXm-VXm Am{d^m©dmo AZoH$Ym ^d{V, Ed_²AmZ³Ë o@{n VX² XeYm ^d{V B{Vnm. o.1 ì wËnm{XV§ V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYgw~mo{YÝ`m_² ""AWVo VXZwkmVm…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&4Ÿ&1Ÿ) BË`Ì.nm. o.2 VÌ {ZË § MVwYm© :Ÿ-

àW_§ gdm©Ë_ yV_² A{dH¥$V§ ñdñdê$nmË_H§$ {ZË`_² :.

(1)Vofw ""g AmË_m ñdml`ml`…''Ÿ{Q>.1 (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&10Ÿ&9Ÿ) B{VAml`bjUo `… AmË_m CŠV… ""Ah_mË_m JwS>mHo$e gd©^yVme`pñWV…''(Ÿ^J.JrVm.10Ÿ&20Ÿ) B{V JrVm`m§ M CŠV…, VV² gdm©Ë_ yV§ gdm}nmñ § _w»`_²A{dH¥$V§ ñdñdê$nmË_H$_² EH$_². VÀM lm¡VmonmgZê$n`mŸnm. o.3 A{^ì`Á`Vo,""kmZàgmX oZ {dewÕgÎd… VVñVw V § ní`Vo {ZîH$b§ Ü`m`_mZ…''(Ÿ_wÊS>.Cn.3Ÿ&1Ÿ&8Ÿ) BË`m{XlwVo…. ""gÎdewÕçW©_² CnmgZm{X'' B{V EH$Xo{eZ…,{gÕmÝVo àH$mañVw gmYZàH$aUonm. o.4 dú`Vo.

3 4

OrdmZm_{n gOmVr`ËdmX² AÌ¡d {Zdoe…. VoM `moJgm{YVoZ _Zgm,^JdX²Ñï²>çm, {Xì`Ñï²>çm M àH$meÝVo. VÌ, ""Efmo@UwamË_m MoVgm do{XVì`mo`pñ_Z² àmU… nÄMYm g§{Zdoe'' (Ÿ_wÊS>.Cn.3Ÿ&1Ÿ&9Ÿ) B{V lwVo…, _Zg… Ðï¥>Ëd_².

J«ÝWH¥${Ø… lrnwéfmoÎm_MaU¡aod mo{OVm… {Q>ßnÊ`mo{h "A'Ÿ-Ÿ"Am'_mV¥H$`mo…Cnbä`ÝVo Vm… (A/Am)H$moð>H$mÝVm…, VWmÝ`mñd{n _mV¥H$mgynbä`_mZm…A{Z{X©îQ>H$V¥©H$m… H$míMZ (H$-I-K-L>-M)H$moð>H$mÝVm…, _XwnkmíM(í`m)H$m oð >H$mÝVmA{n Bh g§J ¥ôçÝVo : 1. bjUdmŠ`mW ©ñV w""AmÜ`mpË_H$m{YX¡{dH$m{Y^m¡{VH$ì`{V[aŠVËdo g{V VV²-{ÌV`-kmV¥Ëd_²'' B{V{gÜ`{V. "ñdml`ml`…' BË`Ì ""ñdml`íM Agm¡ Aml`íM'' B{V H$_©YmaÈd,CÔoí`{dYo ^mdmV²Ÿ, ñdê$nH$WZnyd©H$bú`{ZX}e…(A-Am).

VÀM `moJoZ gm{YV_od ní`{V AÝVaod M ní`{V B{V lwË`ÝVamX²Ÿ{Q>.1,""A §{h na_mo Y_m} `X² `moJoZmË_Xe©Z_²''{Q>.2 (Ÿ`mk.ñ_¥.1Ÿ&1Ÿ&8Ÿ) BË`m{Xñ_¥Vo…M Adgr`Vo.

{Xì`Ñï ² >çm ^JdXrjUg_W©Ñï ² >çm M ~{h… ""d ¥Ìñ`XohmpÝZîH«$mÝV_mË_Á`mo{Va[aÝX_ ní`Vm§ gd©bmoH$mZm_bmoH§$ g_nÚV''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.6Ÿ&12Ÿ&35Ÿ) B{V dmŠò Xodmgwa-g§J«m_-gm_{`H$-XodmXrZm§{Xì`Ñ{ï>dVm_od "gd©bm oH$'ŸnX oZ nam_em ©V ². VWm ""M¡ÚXohm o pËWV§Á`mo{Vdm©gwXod_wnm{deV² ní`Vm§ gd©bmoH$mZm_wëHo$d ^w{d ImÀÀ`wVm''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&74Ÿ&45Ÿ) B{V dmŠ o g^mñWmZm§ JdÝV§ ní`Vm_od "gd©bmoH$'ŸnXoZCŠVËdmV².

"Á`mo{V…'ŸnXdmÀ`ËdÄM àH$meH$ËdmXod. Ordñ` M¡VÝ`JwUmo@{nOrdm{dZm yVËdmV² VÌ¡d {Z{deVo. VËñdê$nÝVw CÎmamY} ""Ordñ`mZwñ_¥{V… gVr''

(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&85Ÿ&10Ÿ) BË`Ì {dd¥V§ ""nydm©namZwgÝYmZê$nm ñ_¥{V… `m gmVX²'' (Ÿgw~mo.10Ÿ&85Ÿ&10Ÿ) B{V. ì wÀMaUmV² nyd©_² A oXoZ, ì wÀMaUmoÎma_²A{dÚmgå~ÝYmV²Ÿ, àmŠH$mbd{V©Zmo kmZñ` ""gmo@h_²'' B{V nydm©namZwgÝYmZê$nñ ¡d{gÕËdmV²Ÿ, ""VÎd_ñ`m''ÚwnXoemoÎma_{n VW¡d à{VgÝYmZmX²Ÿ, AOnm`m_{n{Q>.3

VWmËdmV² VmÑeËdñ ¡d {ZíMo ËdmV²Ÿ, {dÚ`m ñdê$nbm^mo@{nnm. o.5 nydm}ŠVê$nEd,{dñ_¥VH$ÊR>_{UÝ`m oZ Vñ ¡d nwZ… à{VgÝYmZmV²Ÿ, ""gÎdewÕm¡ Y«wdm ñ_¥{V…''(ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.7Ÿ&26Ÿ&2Ÿ) B{V VX²Y«m¡ì`ñ ¡d lmdUmV² M. EVñ` nydm©Zw dOÝ`Ëdo@{nAmH$ma_mÌñ ¡d{Q>.4 oXmV² ñdê$nVmo {ZË`Ëd_².

{ÛVr § Y_©ê$n§ {ZË`_² :

(2)nydm}ŠV_od{Q>.5 kmZ§ `Xm àH$meê$noU{Q>.6 Am{d ©d{V, `Wm

1. Ðï>. : ídoVm.Cn.1Ÿ&13-14,4Ÿ&20 BË`m{Xê$nmV²Ÿ(í`m). 2.""BÁ`mMmaX_mqhgmXmZñdmÜ`m`H$_©Um_²Ÿ, A`ÝVw na_mo Y_m} X² moJoZmË_Xe©Z_²''B{V Cnbä`_mZo ñ_mV©nmR>oŸ(í`m). 3. CnmgZm{deof…(H$). 4. ""Ah§ ~«÷''Ÿ-Ÿ""gmo@h_²'' B{V ""A`§ KQ>…''Ÿ-Ÿ""gmo@`§ KQ>…''B{VdV²Ÿ(Am). 5. "gmo@h_²'BË`mH$maH$_²Ÿ(Am). 6. Y_m©Ë_H$àH$meê$noU B{V AW©…(A-Am).

gy ©àH$me…, VXm "^JdX²JwU'ËdoZ CÀ`Vo, ""kmZd¡am½``moíM¡d fÊUm§ ^JBVraUm'' (Ÿ{dîUwnwam.6Ÿ&5Ÿ&74Ÿ) BË`mXm¡. VX² Jd{V {ZË § Ordofw nmf©Xm{Xfw Vw^JdÔÎm§Ÿnm. o.6 g_m`m{V, "" wŠV§ J¡… ñd¡[aVaÌ MmY«wd¡…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&9Ÿ&16Ÿ)""VW¡d VÎd{dkmZ_ñVw Vo _XZwJ«hmV²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&9Ÿ&31Ÿ) BË`m{XdmŠ oä`….OrdJwUê$n§Ÿnm. o.7 kmZ_² AÌ¡d {Z{deVo. B{V {ÛVr`_².

V¥Vr § doXmË_H§$ {ZË`_² :

5 6

(3)BX_odŸ{Q>.1, g¥îQ²çWªŸ{Q>.2 `Xm ^JdÝ_Zmo_`m{XàUmS²>çm doXeara§ J¥†m{V,VXm V¥Vr`_². VÀM ""g Ef Ordmo {ddaàgy{V…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam. 11Ÿ&12Ÿ&17Ÿ)BË`m{XZm EH$mXeo ñH$ÝYo CÀ`Vo. VV… g¥{ï>íM ""eãX B{V MoÝZmV… à^dmV²àË`jmZw_mZmä`m_²'' (Ÿ~«.gy.1Ÿ&3Ÿ&28Ÿ) B{V gyÌo ñ\w$Q>m, VX² AJ«o ì wËnmÚ_².VmÑe-eara-{d{eï>_{n ê$n§ {dam{S>d AZÝV§, VX{n V¡{Îmar`~«m÷UoBÝÐâÛmOg§dmXo ñ\w$Q>_²Ÿ, ""V§hnm. o.8 ÌrZ² {J[aê$nmZ² A{dkmVm{Zd Xe© mÄMH$ma.Vofm§h EH¡$H$ñ_mX² _w{ï>_² AmXXo. ghmodmM "^maÛmOŸ!' B{V Am_³Í` doXmdm EVo.AZÝVmd¡ doXm…'' (ŸV¡{Îm.~«m÷.3Ÿ&10Ÿ&11Ÿ&4Ÿ) B{V VÌ lwVo….

Vwar § g¥{ï>~rO^mdmnÝZmZoH$eãXê$n§ {ZË`_² :

(4)VXod eara{d{eï>§ níMmX² ~rOVm_²{Q>.3 AmnÚVo. VXm ì`ï>`Bd{Q>.4

{dH¥$Vm… gd} eãXm… VÌ "AmgH$admb'BË`m{X-nXê$nm… Am{Xg¥ï>m¡ ^dpÝV. VX²AJ«o ñ\w$Q>r^{dî`{V. EVX² ^JdXm{lV_od Vwar`_². EVV² MVw{d©Y§ {ZË`_².

f‹S>²{dYm{ZË`kmZofw nÄM_§ à_o mZ³Ë o@{n à_o m{lVËdoZ EH${dY_² :

(5)VV… VmÑe-{Û{dY-eãXmË_H$Ÿnm. o.9-eara-{d{eï>_od VV² bmoHo$

1. Y_©ê$ngd©{df`H$kmZ_od (A-Am). 2. Zm_g¥îQ²>çWª d¡{XH$g¥îQ²>çWª dmŸ(Am).3. {d{eï>epŠVH§$ d{V B{V md…Ÿ(A-Am). 4. Añ_Xm{XearamUrd B{V AW©…Ÿ(M).

àH$Q>r^{dVw§ bm¡{H$H§$ à_mVma§ Ÿà_o`§ M Aml`VoŸ{Q>.1. VÌ eãXeara-{d{eï>ñ`à_mÌmlÙ§ "ní`³Ë`m'»``m eãXmdñW`m VX²~moYH$lwË`mŸ{Q>.2 MAdgr`Vo. VWmM AmZw {dH$mopŠV… ""Z gmo@pñV àË``mo bmoHo$ `… eãXmZwJ_mÑVoAZw{dÕ{_d kmZ§ gdª eãXoZ ^mgVo'' (ŸdmŠn.1Ÿ&115Ÿ) B{V. VÌ à_o ml §Ÿ{Q>.3

à_o mZ³Ë`mX²Ÿ, AZÝV_od; na§, à_o ê$nV`mŸ{Q>.4 EH${dY{_{V "EH$_²' B{V CÀ`Vo.nydm}ŠVarË`m kmZñ` eãXmZw{dÕËdmV²Ÿ, eãXñ` M {ZË`_² AW©gå~ÕËdmV²Ÿ,

eãX{d{eï>ñ ¡d Vñ` à_o ml`Ëd_². BX_{n AZwì`dgm`mH$mamXodŸ{Q>.5 {ZíMr`Vo.na_² AÌŸ{Q>.6 eãXmo AW©… M Ý`½ yVmoŸ{Q>.7 ^mgVo, nyd©ÌVw kmZ§ Ý`½ yV_² B{V{deof…Ÿ{Q>.8. ZM AZoS>_yH$s`kmZñ` eãXmd¡{eîQ>ç§ e‘>ç_²Ÿ, A{^Z`ñ ¡d VÌeãXñWmZmnÝZËdmV². eãX{deof_² AZwgÝYm ¡d ~moYHo$Z A{^Z`àXe©ZmV² naåna`meãXd¡{eîQ²>çñ` VÌm{n gÎdmV². BX§ nÄM__².

à_mÌm{lVÝVw g{dH$ënH$_² BpÝÐ`m{X-nÄM{dYml`-ôXmV²nÄM{dY_² :

à_mV[aVw AÝV…H$aUopÝÐ`mlÙmV² nÄMYm :-

(6)VÌ BpÝÐ ofw EH$YmŸ{Q>.9, VX² AJ«o ì wËnmÚ_².

AÝV…H$aUoVwŸnm. o.10 MVwYm© :-

(7)VÌ _Zgm O{ZV § g §e`mË_H § $ , Vñ`g‘>ën{dH$ënmË_H$ËdmV². VÀM VXm{lV_od, AVEdŸ{Q>.10

e‘>m{nemÀ`m… A{Zd¥{Îm…. AmË_mZÝVw Xm¡amËå`{Zd¥Îmm¡ à{_UmoVr{Q>.11{VAXmof….

1. g_dm{`ËdoZ à_mVma§ {Z{_ÎmËdoZ à_o § M CnOrd{V B{V AW©…(A-Am).2. MËdm[a dmŠn[a{_Vm nXm{Z Vm{Z {dXw~«m©÷Um… ò _Zr{fU… Jwhm Ìr{U{Z{hVm Z|J`pÝV Vwar § dmMmo _Zwî`m dXpÝV (ŸF$Šg§{h.1Ÿ&164Ÿ&45Ÿ)B{V lw{V…(H$-M). 3. ì`mnH$ËdmV² à_o mdpÀN>ÝZ§ŸŸ(Am). 4. ŸKQ>mÚmH$maV`m B{V AW©…(A). 5.AZwì`dgm`mH$mañ` ñdê$n§ ""KQ>_h§ OmZm{_-nQ>_h§ OmZm{_'' B{V ~moÜ`_²(M).6. ""KQ>_h_Zw dm{_'' B{V AZwì`dgm`mH$maoŸ(Am). 7. {deofUr yV…Ÿ(Am). 8.nÄM_Ëdà`moOH$mo Y_©… B{V AW©…(A-Am). 9. {Z{d©H$ënH$ËdoZ EH$Ym(Am). 10._Zg… g§H$ën{dH$ënmË_H$ËdmXod(Am). 11. OmZm{V B{V AW©…Ÿ(Am).

7 8

(8)earam{^_{VñVw Ah§H$maoU H¥$Vm ~wÕçml`m; Ed_²Ÿ, AÝ o@{n{dn`m©g-{ZíM`-ñ_¥{V-ê$nm… ~w{Õd¥{Îmê$nËdmX²Ÿ, ~wÕçml`m…._mojemñÌr`gmYZ¡… earam{^_{V… {e{Wbr^dÝVr `Xm Zí`{V VXmVÝ_ybm… Vo@{n VWm ^dpÝV. Á`mo{V~«m©÷Uo AmË_Á`mo{VîQ>‰_² CnH«$å`""g g_mZ… gZ²'(Ÿ~¥h.Cn.4Ÿ&3Ÿ&7Ÿ) B{V Ah§H$magmÑí`_² CŠËdm""gYr ñdßZmo yËdo_§ bmoH$_{VH«$m_{V'' (Ÿ~¥h.Cn.4Ÿ&3Ÿ&7Ÿ) B{VlwË`m Ah§H$mag_mZËdoZ g{Y`… ñdßZmË_H$-~wÕçd^mgH$V`m

ñdßZmË_H$ËdmX²Ÿnm. o.11.

(9)Ah§H$mamo ~wÕçm g{hV… ñdmn§ ní`Vr{V, ñdßZkmZ_²Ah§H$maml`_².

(10){MÎmÝVw AmË_mZ_od gwfwßVm¡ ní`{V EoŠ oZ, AÝ`XmŸ{Q>.1VwbrZ{_{V {Z{d©f § kmZ§ {MÎmml`_².

Ed§ XeYmŸnm.ô.12, EVV²Ÿ{Q>.2 brbm{VXoeoZŸ{Q>.3, {Zê$nU§ kmZñ` g¥{ï>-pñW{V-àb`mon`mo{JV`m ^JdëbjUËdkmnZmW©_².

CŠV(5-10)f‹S>²{dYkmZñ` A{ZË`Ëdo@{n ñW¡ ©_² :

VÌ AZwnXmoŠV§ f‹S>²{dY_{n kmZ§ H$m ©ê$n_² AÝV…H$aUY_©…, ""H$m_…g‘>ënmo {d{M{H$Ëgm lÕmlÕmY¥{VaY¥{VöuYuû[aË oVËgdª _ZEd'' (Ÿ~¥h.Cn.1Ÿ&5Ÿ&3Ÿ) B{V lwVo…. empÊS>ë`^mî oVw AZw_mZ§ X{e©V§ ""gwImX`… H$aUg_doVm…K«mUmXrpÝÐ`mJ«môçJwUËdmV² ñne©eyÝòpÝÐ`J«môçJwUËdmX² dm eãXdV²nm.ô.13''(Ÿ!?Ÿ) B{V. BXÄM{Q>.4 pñWa§ KQ>m{XdV²Ÿ, ZVw {ÌjUmdñWmæ od B{V {Z`_…,""àgÝZMoVgmo ôçmew ~w{Õ… n ©d{Vï>Vo'' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.2Ÿ&65Ÿ) ""pñWa~w{Õag§_yT>…''

(Ÿ^J.JrVm.5Ÿ&20Ÿ) ""kmZ§ `Wm Z ZíòV'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&7Ÿ&39Ÿ)BË`m{XemñÌmV². ZM *ŸpñWaËdo gd©Xm EH$kmZmn{Îm…Ÿ* B{V e‘>ç§,{df`mÝVakmZgm_½a²çm OmVoZ

1. OmJ«ËñdßZ`mo… B{VŸŸ(Am) 2. V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo B{VŸ(Am). 3. ""AÝ`Ì¡dàVr{V`m… H¥$ËñZm- `m… Y_©gÝVVoaÝ`Ì H$m ©V… àmpßVa{VXoemo@{^Yr`Vo''(H$).4. OÝ`kmZ_²(A).

kmZmÝVaoUŸnm.ô.14kmZoZ Vñ` {VañH$mao "g§ñH$mam'»`gyú_ê$noU VñÀdñWmZmonJ_mV²Ÿnm. o.15. ZM *`mo½`ñ` Vñ` pñWVm¡ AZwì`dgm`mn{Îm…Ÿ* B{Ve‘>ç§, J¥hmXm¡ ì`mßVñ`m{n JÝYñ` K«mUoZ J«hUEd ñ\w$aUdV²Ÿ, _Zgm Vñ`J«hUEd ñ\w$aU_² B{V H$m`©~bmXodŸ{Q>.1 {gÕo…. ZM *JÝYñ` AmJÝVwH$ËdoZH$Xm{MX² J«hU_² C{MV§, kmZñ`Vw _ZmoY_©ñ` pñWaËdo H$W§ H$Xm{MX²J«hU_²Ÿ*

B{V e‘>ç§, aOgm ì`mnmamÝVamdoeoZ CnnÎmo…Ÿ{Q>.2 V_gm VXmdaUmV² M VWm. ZMEd§ ñ_¥ËÒZH$~wÕoŸnm. o.16a{n pñWaËdmn{Îm…, BpÝÐ ¡… ~w{ÕOZZmoÎma§ nm¡Z…nwÝ`mÚ^mdoZXmT²>çm© mdmV²{Q>.3. earañ` AÝZdV² bmoH$Ÿnm. o.17emñÌm{X{^… kmZñ` nmofo Aä`mgoZM XmT²>ç} Vñ` pñWaËd{gÕo…Ÿ{Q>.4. ZM *ŸñWmnH$ñ` AmYmañ`nm. o.18 M A{Zdm©À`ËdoZpñW{V… AeŠ`dMZmŸ* B{V dmÀ`§, Ordà`ËZoZ ì`mnmaoU AÝV…H$aUoñWm{nVËdmV². ZM *Ed§ g{V VÝZmemZwnn{Îm…Ÿ* e‘>çm, {d{hVmZm§ XoeH$mbmXrZm§VËnmofH$ËddV² {Z{fÕmZm§ Vofm§ ZmeH$ËdmV² Vñ`m{n {gÕo…. ZM AÌ{Q>.5

{d{ZJ_H$m^md…, _m`m`m… kmZ{VañH$[aUrËdmV²Ÿ, VXml`Ÿ{Q>.6 yVmZm§ H${b-_JY-_Ú-X¡Ë`-emŠV-{Z{fÕ-{H«$`mUm§ VWmËdñ` Am¡{MË`mV². VÌm{n `Wm`W§Ûmä`m§-Ûmä`m§ ñdê$nV… ñWmZVmo JwUV… M Zme…, VÌ ñdê$nVmo Zmeo nwZ…Añ_aU§, ñWmZVmo Zmeo {dn © ê$nVm, JwUVmo Zmeo VV… gË\$bm^mdB{V Šdm{nZ e‘>mboe….

Añ` kmZñ` O{ZVñ` eãXm… {df`m… M CÔrnH$m…. AO{ZVñ`Vw OZZEdgm_J«rê$nm…. EVXod H$moeofw "~w{Õ'-"MoVZm'{X-eãX¡… A{^Yr`Vo.

9 10

B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à_mUn[aÀN>oXo à_mñdê$n~moYm¡n{`H$-

kmZôXmonôXH$ëbmobo Xe{dYkmZ{Zê$nH$…

AmÚ… Va“… g_mßV…Ÿ{Q>.7

1. ñ\w$aUê$nH$m ©~bmXod B{V AW©…Ÿ(M). 2. J«hUH$mXm{MËH$Ëdñ` CnnÎmo…B{V AW©…Ÿ (M). 3. XmT ² >ç ª M pñW{VOZH$m o Y_©{deof… (A Am). 4.AZwì`dgm`mnÎ`^mdñ` {gÕo… B{V AW©…Ÿ(M). 5. {Z{fÕmZm§ ZmeH$Ëdo B{VAW©…(A). 6. _m`ml`m… B{VŸ(Am)Ÿ. 7. BV…Amaä` H$ëbmob-Va“ {d^m{OH$m…gdm©A{n nwpînH$m… Z J«ÝWH¥$X²`mo{OVm… {H$ÝVw {df`~moYgm¡H$`m©` _`mJ«ÝWgånmXZg_ o `mo{OVm… B{V gw{Y{^… AmH$bZr`_²Ÿ(í`m).

nmR>ôXmdbr

1. "B{V...XeYm ^d{V' B{V A nmR>o nmX{Q>ßnUV`m `mo{OVmo J«ÝWH¥$V¡dAm nmR>o _ybo gpÝZdo{eV…. 2. Bh "brbmdX²'...B{V A nmR>o _ybEd AmgrV²{H$ÝVw Am nmR>o g J«ÝWH¥$V¡d {ZañVmo Ñí`Vo. 3. lm¡VmonmgZm{Xê$n`m B{V A-AmnmR>r § g§emoYZ_². 4. àH$mañVw gmYZàH$aUo B{V A nmR>o ZmgrV² níMmX²J«ÝWH¥$V¡d Am nmR>o _ybg§emoYZ_². EVoZ Apñ_ÝJ«ÝWo "à_mU-à_o -gmYZ-\$b'ê$nàH$aUMVwï>`{Z_m©U§ J«ÝWH¥$Ý_Zr{fV_² Amgr{X{V AZw_r`Vo. 5.ñdê$nbm o{n B{V H$ nmR>o. 6. VÔÎm_² BË`Ì ^JdÔÎm_² B{V Am g§emoYZ_². 7.""OrdJwUê$n...{Z{deVo'' B{V J nmR>mZwgmaoU, A Am nmR>`mo… B § n§pŠV…ZmpñV. 8. gånyU©_² EVX² dMZ_² Am nmR>o CXmöV_². 9. "eãXmÚmË_H$...' B{VI nmR>oŸ-ŸH$maUH$m`m©Ë_H$_² B{V Am nmR>o. 10. Vw B{V Am I nmR>`mo… ZmpñV.11. ñdßZmË_H$ËdH$WZmX² B{VH$ J M nmR>ofw. 12. Ed§ XeYm "V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo'EVëbrbm...B{V Am nmR>r`m {Q>ßnUr à_mXmV² _ybo I nmR>o gpÝZ{dîQ>m. 13.ñne©eyÝ`J«môçJwUËdmÛm B{V A H$ J MnmR>ofw ZmpñV. 14. kmZgm_½a²çm OmVoZkmZmÝVaoU B{V Am emoY{ZH$m A nmR>o ZmgrX². 15. Vñ` AdñWmZmon`moJmX² B{V

H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕEd. 16. Cnojm~wÕo… B{V M nmR>…. 17. earñ` "AÝZdV²bmoHo$' B{V H$ nmR>o. 18. ñWmnH$mënmYmañ` B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕEd.

11 12

*Ÿ~wÕçm{lVkmZÌ¡{dÜ`{Zê$nH$mo {ÛVr`… Va“…Ÿ*

BXÄM gmpÎdH$m{X oXoZ {Ì{dY_².

VÌ àW_§ gÝ_mÌmdJm{h gmpÎdH§$ kmZ_² :

VÌ gmpÎdH§$ kmZ§ à_mê$n_od, gÎdJwUhoVwgm_½a²çm gÎdd¥Õm¡ AÝV…H$aUoZà{_Voaod OZZmV²Ÿ, gÎdb o V ¡d gm_½a²çm «_OZZmV². AVmo AÝd`ì`{VaoH$mä`m§gÎdñ ¡d à_mUËd{d{ZíM`mV² VÁOÝ`_od kmZ§ à_mU_². ""A~m{YVkmZËd§''""~mY`mo½`ì`{V[aŠVËd§'' dm VëbjU_²Ÿ {Q>.1. JwUhoVwgm_J«rVw ""AmJ_mo@W©…Ÿnm. o.1

àOm Xoe… H$mb… H$_© M OÝ_ M, Ü`mZ§ _ÝÌmo@WŸnm. o.2 g§ñH$mamo Xe¡Vo JwUhoVd…,VÎmV² gmpÎdH$_od¡fm§ ÚX² d¥Õm… àMjVo {ZÝXpÝV Vm_g§ VÎmX² amOg§ VXwno{jV_²''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&13Ÿ&4-5Ÿ) B{V EH$mXeñH$ÝYo CŠVm.

VÀMŸ{Q>.2Ÿ EH${dY_odŸnm. o.3, Aì` ¡H$^mdmdJm{hËdmV². VX² CŠV§ JrVm`m_²EH$mXeñH$ÝYo M ""gd© yVofw oZ¡H§$ md_ì``_rjVo, A{d^ŠV§ {d^ŠVofw VÁkmZ§gmpÎdH§$ ñ_¥V_²'' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.18Ÿ&20Ÿ) B{V ""H¡$dë`§ gmpÎdH§$ kmZ_²''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&25Ÿ&24Ÿ) B{V ^JdX²dmŠ ofw. JrVmdmŠ o "kmZ_²'ŸB{V H$aUo"ë`wQ²>'. VoZ AÌ _Z…n[aUm_{deof… gmpÎdH$mo "kmZ'ŸnXoZ CÀ`Vo. VV…VÁOÝ`kmZ_{n VWm B{V {gÕç{V. BXÄM AZw{_{V-emãXm{Xê$n§Ÿnm. o.4 {dH$ënmZ²Ý`ŠH¥$Ë` EVmÑJod ^d{V, EH$mXeñH$ÝYo ""AmXmdÝVo M _Ü o M g¥Á`mV² g¥Á §`XpÝd`mV²Ÿ, nwZíM à{Vg§H«$m_o pÀN>î oV VXod gX²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&19Ÿ&16Ÿ)B{V V{Ûf`mH$mamZw_mZàH$ma`mo… CŠVËdmV². à`moJñVw *{d_Vm… ^mdm… gX{^ÝZm…AmÚÝV_Ü ofw gXZwJVËdmX² `X² Ed§ `XZwJV§ VV² VX{^ÝZ§ gm¡dU©-Hw$ÊS>b-H$Q>H$m{XdV²Ÿ, gXdeofËdmV² M VWm * B{V {ÛYm {gÕç{V. BX_od M mdmÛ¡V§Ÿnm. o.5

""H$m`©-H$maU-dñËd¡Š`_e©Z§ nQ>VÝVwdX² AdñVwËdmX² {dH$ënñ` ^mdmÛ¡V§

VXwÀ`Vo'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.7Ÿ&15Ÿ&63Ÿ) B{V gßV_ñH$ÝYmV². ""VÎd_{g''Ÿnm.ô.6

(ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&8Ÿ&10Ÿ) BË`mXm¡ ""gXod gm¡å`'' (ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&2Ÿ&1Ÿ) B{V

1.à_mUbjU_² B{V AW©…Ÿ(Am). 2.gmpÎdH$kmZ§ M B{V AW©…Ÿ(Am).

CnH«$_oU ""EoVXmËå`{_X§ gd©_²'' (ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&8Ÿ&7Ÿ) B{V Cng§hmaoUMŸnm. o.7 gXmË_H$Ëdñ`Ÿnm. o.8 lmdUmV² M.

{ÛVr § bmoH$ì`dhmam¡n{`H§$ ZmZmH$ma§ {dH$ënmdJm{h amOg§ kmZ_² :

amOgÝVw nydm}ŠË`m amOggm_½a²çm ZmZmH$ma§ ^d{V, ""n¥WŠËdoZVw `ÁkmZ§ZmZm^mdmZ² n¥Wp½dYmZ² do{Îm gd}fw ^yVof w VÁkmZ§ {d{Õ amOg_²''(Ÿ^J.JrVm.18Ÿ&21Ÿ) B{V, ""aOmo d¡H$pënH§$...ñ_¥V_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&25Ÿ&24Ÿ)B{V MŸnm. o.9 JdX²dmŠ`mV². BXÄM ì`dhmamon`mo{J. ì`dhmañVw Ahå__m{^_mZm-Ë_H$Ÿnm.ô.10-_mZg-gpÝZnmV-OÝ`mo XohopÝÐ`m{X-ñdm^m{dH$-ì`mnmamË_H$…gpÝZnmV…. ""e_mo X_pñV{Vjm'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&25Ÿ&2Ÿ) BË`m{X{^…gÎdm{XJwUÌ`d¥Îmr… CŠËdm, ""gpÝZnmVñËdh{_{V __oË wØd m _{V…, ì`dhma…gpÝZnmVmo _Zmo_mÌopÝÐ`mgw{^…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&25Ÿ&6Ÿ) B{V ^JdX²dmŠ`mV²._mojemñÌr`ñVw Z VWm, emñÌmV² nwéfñ` "Ah§-__'ŸB{V-~w{Õ{Zd¥Îmm¡ aOñV_gmo…jr`_mUV`m Aàm~ë oZ {_lUm^mdo Ho$dbgmpÎdH$ËdmX²Ÿ, Am¡fYmX² Om`_mZñ`^mdñ` gpÝZnmV{ZdV©H$ËdmV². VÌ n¥W½~wÕo… {dÚ_mZËdo@{n à~boZ gÎdoZVñ`m… J«ñ`_mZV`m A{H$pÄMËH$aËdmV². AVmo bm¡{H$H$Ed VWm. AVEd amOñ`m…à_m`mA{n na_mW©Vmo Z àm_mÊ`_².

V¥Vr § bmoH$ì`dhmao@{n {dgådm{X Vm_g§ kmZ_² :

13 14

Vm_gÝVw Aà_mU_od, ""`Îmw H¥$ËñZdX² EH$pñ_Z² H$m } gŠV_h¡VwH$_²Ÿ,AVÎdmW©dX² Aën§ M VV² Vm_g_wXmöV_²'' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.18Ÿ&22Ÿ) B{V, ""àmH¥$V§Vm_g§ kmZ_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.11Ÿ&25Ÿ&24Ÿ) B{V M JdX²dmŠ`mV². VÀM nm_amUm§~môçmZm§ M Vm_ggm_½a²çm d{V. {eï>{ZpÝXVËdmÀM VX² ho _². bmoH$ì`dhmao@{n«_~hþb§ amOg oXkmZoZ¡d JVmWª M.

AVmo ì`dhmamon`moJm` gmåàV§ amOg oXmZod àXe© m_….

B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à_mUn[aÀN>oXo à_mñdê$n~moYm¡n{`H$-

kmZôXmonôXH$ëbmobo ~wÕçm{lVkmZÌ¡{dÜ`{Zê$nH$mo

{ÛVr`… Va“… g_mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr

1. "AmJ_mo@n…' B{V àM{bV… nmR>…. 2. "_ÝÌmoß`g§ñH$ma… B{V H$nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 3. "EH${dY_od M VX² kmZ_²' B{V H$ J K L> M nmR>m….4.AZw{_{VemãXm{X-"ê$n{dH$ën' B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 5. BX_od M"^mdmÛ¡V§' B{V H$ nmR>o ZmpñV. 6. "VÎd_gr'Ë`maä` "lmdUmÀMo'Ë`ÝVmo ^mJ…A nmR>o nydª ì wËH«$_oU {b{IVmo AjamUm_wn[a 1 2 3ŸA{Vgyú_¡… H«$_g§»`mgyMH¡$…A‘>¡… emo{YVmo@{n AZw{b{nH$mamUm§ Ñ{ï>nWo Zm`mVB{V L> M nmR> mo… ñdñWmZ «§emX²""à`moJñVw {d_Vm… ^mdm…'' BË`mXo… nyd©_² Cnbä`Vo. 7. Cng§hmaoU "M' B{VA Am nmR>`mo…. 8. gXmË_H$ñ` B{V Am H$ I J¥hrVñVw A nmR>mZwamoYmV². 9.ñ_¥V_² B{V "M' B{V H$ nmR>o ZmpñV. 10. ""_Zmo_mÌopÝÐ`àmUmZm§ ì`mnma…. gMbm¡{H$H$… gpÝZnmVê$nmo, "Ah§-__'ŸB{V-~w{Õ_ybËdmX²'' B{V A H$ M nmR>ofwŸ,"Ahå__o'Ë`maä` "d¥ÎmréŠËdo'Ë`ÝV§ g§emoYZ§ Am nmR>o J«ÝWH¥$ÕñVmjaoU¡d VXodI nmR>o@{n.

*bmoH$ì`dhma‘ybg{dH$ënH$kmZ{Zê$nH$… V¥Vr`… Va“…*

VÌ amOg§ kmZ§ g{dH$ënH$‘od.

amOgkmZmV² nydª Om`‘mZ§ VX²J«ñ`‘mZ§ M {Z{d©H$ënH§$ gmpÎdH§$ kmZ‘² : VV… nyd©ÄM BpÝÐ ofw gmpËdH$‘² CËnÚVo {Z{d©H$ënH$‘². VÀM gÝ‘mÌmdJm{h

EH${dY‘od, OmJ«X²d¥Îmo… gmpËdH$ËdoZ àW‘VEd gËdmZwJ«ho BpÝÐ ¡… àW‘§ Vñ ¡dCËnmXZmV². ZM *g{dH$ënH$ñ`m{n BpÝÐÒÝ`ËdmV² H$W‘² "EH$Y¡d'nm. o.1 B{VCÀ`Vo* B{V eL²H$ç§, Vñ` VWmËdo@{n AÝV…H$aUm{lVËdmV², ""H$m‘… gL²H$ën…''(~¥h.Cn.1&5&3) B{V lwVm¡ H$m‘mXrZm§ {deofd¥ÎmrZm‘² CëboIoZ VWmnm. o.2 {ZíM`mV².empÊS>ë`^mî`moŠVmZw‘mZmä`m§ {gÕo H$aUg‘doVËdo g{dH$ënH$ì`{V[aŠVñ`BpÝÐ`g‘doVËdm“rH$ma o ~mYH$m^mdmV ². Vñ` gÝ‘mÌmdJm{hËdÄMdñVw‘mÌ{df`H$ËdmX², {dH$ënÝ`ŠH$mao gË od dñVwËdn ©dgmZmX²,nm. o.3 AVEdM gmpËdH$Ëd‘². `Ú{n ""gËdmV² gÄOm`Vo kmZ‘²'' (^J.JrVm.14&17) B{VdmŠ`mX² hoVw{dMmaoU kmZ‘mÌñ` gmpËdH$Ëd‘² Am`m{V, VWm{n {d^mOH$dmŠ ofw{df`{dMmaoU Ì¡{dÜ`H$WZmX², AÌ {df`{dMmaoU¡d VWmËd§ kmVì`‘². VËgËdoMBpÝÐ`‘od à‘mU§, aOmo@ZZwdoYo "ApñV' B{V Cnbå^ñ` gd©OZrZËdmV². VXZwdoYoVw~wÕçZwJ«hmX² {dH$ënñ’y${V©e¡¿a²çmV² VXZwnbå^B{V Z {H$pÄMX² AZwnnÝZ‘².EVñ` g{dH$ënH$mV² nyd© mdo@{n Z VËH$maUËd§ à‘mUm^mdmX²nm. o.4 B{V.

^mÅ>mñVw *A{jgpÝZnmVmZÝVa‘² A{d{dŠVgm‘mÝ`{deof{d^mJ§nm.ô.5

gå‘w½YdñVw‘mÌJmoMa‘²{Q>.1 AmbmoMZkmZ§ VV²{Q>.2. VX^mdo {dH$ëngå‘mohEd ZOm oVnm. o.6. {dH$ën`Vm{hnm. o.7 nydm©Zw yV§ Om{V{deof§ g§km{deof§ dmnm. o.8 AZwñ‘¥Ë`VoZ-VoZ nwa…pñWV§ dñVw {dH$ën{`Vì`‘². ZM AW©‘² AÑï>dV…nm. o.9 VËñ‘aU‘²CnnÚVo. Vñ‘mX² ApñV {Z{d©H$ën‘{n kmZ‘²* B{V Amhþ….

1.gå‘moh{df`… B{V AW©…(A). 2. EVoZ d¡{eï>çmZdJm{h {ÌàH$maH§$ dmB{V ’$b{V(H$).

15 16

{gÕmÝVoVw BX§ ‘mZg§ gm‘mÝ`g§e`mË‘H§$ dñVw‘mÌ-{df`H$-kmZmZÝVa-^m{dËdoZ n ©dñ`{V.

~mh² mñVw *ñdbjU‘mÌJmoMa§ {Z{d©H$ënH$‘²* BÀN>pÝV.

VV² ‘r‘m§gH$m… Z j‘ÝVo. VWm{h : *àVr`Vo{h gå‘w½YmH$ma§ dñVwghg¡dnm.ô.10 `V²; níMmÀM (H$)Om{V-(I)Ðì`-(J)JwU-(K){H«$`m-(L>)Zm‘{^… nÄMYm {dH$ënoZ, {dH$ëß`Vo:-

(H$)""Jmo… A`‘²''(I)""XÊS>r A`‘²''(J)""ewŠbmo A`‘²''(K)""JÀN>{V A`‘²''(L>)""{S>ËWmo A`‘²''

B{V. VÌ {Z{d©H$ënH$‘² AZoH$mH$ma§ dñVw gå‘w½Y§ J¥ôUm{V. g{dH$ënH$ÝVw

EH¡$H$mH$ma§ OmË`m{XH§$ {d{dÀ` {df`rH$amo{V. ñdbjU‘mÌ{df`ËdoVw {ddoH$ñÀmZÝV ª Z ñ`mV², ËdÝ‘Vo Om{VÐì`mXo… A^mdmX²* B{V.

doXmÝVn[a^mfmH$mañV w *g§gJm©ZdJm{h kmZ§ {Z{d©H$ënH$‘². VÀM ""gmo@ §XodXÎm…'' B{V dmŠ`mX{n ^d{V. ZM *dmŠÒÝ`kmZñ` H$W§ {Z{d©H$ënH$Ëd‘²*

B{V eL²H$ç§, dmŠÒÝ`kmZ{df`Ëdo nXmW©g§gJ©ñ` AVÝÌËdmV². VÝÌËdoAZ{^‘Vñ`m{n{Q>.1 g§gJ©ñ` {df`ËdmnÎmo…; {H$ÝVw, VmËn ©{df`Ëd‘od VWm.VWmM VÌ g§gJ©ËdoZ g§gJm©ZdJmhmV² Z Vñ` VWmËd§ XwK©Q>‘²* B{V Amh.

VV² Z amoMVo, AZoH$mW©eãXHo$ ""gwa{^‘m§g§ w§ŠVo'' BË`m{XdmŠ o

1. ""nwÌ AmJÀN>{V amOnwÌmo Angm ©Vm‘²'' B{V (Am).

VmËn`m©{df`ñ`m{n Jmog§gJ©ñ` g§gJ©ËdoZ¡d eãXmX² ^mZXe©ZoZnm.ô.11 Vñ`{df`Vm`m… Xwdm©aËdmV², ""VÎd‘{g'' BË`m{X dmŠÒÝ`ñ` gÝ‘mÌ{df`H$ËdoZ{Z{d©H$ënH$Ëd{gÕo… M.

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *d¡{eîQ²>çmZdJm{h {ZîàH$maH§$ dm kmZ§ {Z{d©H$ënH$‘². `Ú{nVËgËdo Z BpÝÐ § à‘mU§ VWm{n ""A § KQ>…'' B{V {d{eîQ>-kmZ-ê$n-H$m`m©Zw‘o ‘².VWm{h : ""A § KQ>…'' B{V kmZ§ {deofUkmZnyd©H§$, {d{eîQ>kmZËdmV². `X²-`X²{d{eîQ>kmZ§ VX² {deofUkmZnyd©H§$ `Wm ""XÊS>r nwéf…'' B{V kmZ‘² B{V. VÀMAÌ OÝ‘mÝVar`-^JdXr`-{d{eîQ>kmZ`mo… ì`d{hVËd-d¡æ`{YH$aÊ`mä`m§{deofUkmZËdmgå^dmX² "KQ>…'B{V kmZmV² nydª d¡{eîQ²>çmZdJm{h Om`Vo B{V‘ÝVì §, VXod {Z{d©H$ënH$‘² B{V {XJ²* B{V Amhþ….

àm^mH$amñVw *{Z{d©H$ënH§$ kmZ‘od Z, {deofU{deoî``mo… g‘mZ-g§{dËg§doÚËdmX²*{Q>.1 B{V Amhþ….

d`ÝVw : {d{eîQ>kmZ§ à{V `X² {deofUkmZñ` H$maUËd§ {Z`V§, VX² BpÝÐ oUJ¥h² ‘mUñ ¡d Vñ`, AÝ`Wm XÊS>{Z{d©H$ënH$mZÝVa§ "XÊS>r' B{V ~w{Õ… ñ`mV².ZM *{d{eîQ>d¡{eîQ ² >ç~wqÕ à{V J¥h ²`‘mU{deofUkmZËdoZ H$maUVmHo$db{d{eîQ>~wqÕ à{VVw AJ¥h² ‘mUoZm{n VoZ gm* B{V dmÀ §, ÑîQ>mÝVm^mdoZVmÑL²>{Z`‘o à‘mUm^mdmV².

V{h© àmW{‘H§$ "KQ>…'B{V kmZ§ H$W‘²? B{V MoX², BpÝÐ`mW©gpÝZH$f} ÐmJodaOmo@ZwdoYoZ VÛmMH$-eãX-ñ’w$aUmX² B{V ~wÕçñd. ZM Ed§ {d{eîQ>~wqÕ à{V{deofUkmZËdoZ H$maUËd{Z`‘ì`mh{V…, "{d{eîQ>~w{Õ'nXoZ

1. dñVwVñVw ""Ðì`-Om{V-JwUofw BpÝÐ`g§ moJmoËWm gm àË`jm àVr{V…...Šd{MX² Ðì`mJ«hUo@{n ê$nmXrZm§ J«hU§, ê$nmÚJ«hUo@{n Ðì`ñ o{V ZmpñV Ðì`JwU`mo…J«hU§ à{V {Z`‘…. {Û{dYmM B § Ðì`m{XàVr{V… : "g{dH$ënm@{dH$ënm MàË`jm ~w{Õ[aî`Vo, AmÚm {d{eï>{df`m ñdê$n{dfòVam' B{V. àW‘§{h

17 18

ñdê$n‘mÌJ «hU § Ðì`-Om{V-J wU of w CnnÚV o. g‘m{hV‘ZñH$m o {h{df`mÝVamZwgÝYmZeyÝ`… BpÝÐ`g§ wŠV§ dñVw gmjmX² Cnbä`Vo B{V ñdg§{dXodAÌ à‘mU‘²'' B{V àH$aUnpÄMH$mñWà‘mUnamÙdMZ{déÕËdmX² AZdYmZ‘yb§{dYmZ§ à{V^m{V (í`m).

{d{eîQ>d¡{eîQ²>ç~wÕo… kmVì`ËdmV². ZM *aOV‘² AÑîQ>dV… ewpŠVXe©Zo@{n""BX§ aOV‘²'' B{V aOVËdàH$maH$^«‘mo Z CËnÚVB{V, {d{eîQ>~wÕmd{n{deofUkmZñ` hoVwVm ‘ÝVì ¡d* B{V dmÀ §, dmMH$-eãXmñ’y${V©ñ’y${V©ä`m‘odCnnÎmo… Vñ`m… AZmdí`H$ËdmX². ""KQ>mo Ðì`‘²'' B{VdX² ""BX‘² aOV‘²'' BË`ñ`m{n""EH${d{eîQ>o Anad¡{eï>ç‘²''B{V{df`VmH$-{d{eîQ>-d¡{eîQ²>ç~w{ÕËdmV² VÌ{deofUkmZñ` J¥h²`‘mUñ`¡d hoVwËdoZ ^«‘monnÎmo… gwdMÎdmV² M. AVmonm.ô.12

AZ w‘mZñ` AWm © ÝVan` ©dgÝZËdmV ² Z ¡`m {`H$m oŠVarË`m ZVmÑe{Z{d©H$ënH${g{Õ…nm.ô.13 B{V {XH²$.

ZmpñVH$mñVw *""d¡{eîQ²>çmZdJm{h kmZ§ gmjmËH$ma…'' B{V ñdrH¥$Ë` VXodna‘mW©gV², g{dH$ënH$ÝVw AbrH$-KQ>Ëdm{Xgm‘mÝ`-{df`H$ËdmX² «mÝV‘² B{V*

Amhþ….

V oV w , KQ >Ëdm{X-gm‘mÝ`-gËdñ`nm.^ o.14 AJ « o dú`‘mUËdmV ²,VËà{H«$`mOÝ`kmZñ`nm. o.15 Vm‘gËdmV² M, {ZagZr`m….

Vñ‘mX² C^`{dY‘{n kmZ§ {Z~m©Y‘².

{Z{d©H$ënH$-gmpÎdH$-kmZmoÎma§ Om`‘mZ§ g{dH$ënH§$ amOg§ kmZ‘² : VÌ BpÝÐ`m{lV§ {Z{d©H$ënH§$ gmpÎdH$‘{n ÐmJod aOgm J«ñ`VB{V amOgH$moQ>m¡

{Zdoí`Vo. Vñ‘mV² g{dH$ënH$‘od amOg§ kmZ‘². VÀM ""n¥WŠËdoZ...''(^J.JrVm.18&21) BË`m{X ^JdX²dmŠ`mV² gX²{dH$ënmdJm{hnm. o.16. {dH$ënm…gVmo AdmÝVa{deofm… V{Ûf`‘² B{V AW©….

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *d¡{eï²>çmdJm{h gàH$maH§$ g{deoî`H§$ dm kmZ§ g{dH$ënH$‘²*

B{V Amhþ….

VX{n CŠVmV² Z A{V[aÀ`Vo. àH$maVm-{deoî`VoM ""A § KQ>…''BË`m{XkmZo {deofU-{deoî``m o… KQ>Ëd-KQ>`m o… "{deofUËdm'-

"@@YmaËdm'@n- aZm‘mZm ¡ {df`Vm{deofm ¡ . {df`VmM kmZmW ©`m o …ñdê$ngå~ÝY{deof…. gM ñdê$ngå~ÝYmo, kmZo "{df{`Vm'nX-dmÀ`mo-AW}"{df`Vm'nX-dmÀ`…. Ed§ àH$maVmÚ{n ~moÜ`‘².

AnaoVw *""^mg‘mZ-d¡{eîQ²>ç-à{V`mo{JËd§ àH$maËd‘²'' B{V bj{`Ëdm,^mg‘mZ§ `X² d¡{eîQ>ç§ VËà{V`mo{JËd§ àH$maËd§; `Wmnm. o.17, ""A § KQ>…'' B{VkmZo KQ>Ëdñ` d¡{eîQ²>ç§ g‘dm`mo ^mgVo VËà{V`moJr M KQ>Ëd‘²* B{V Amhþ….

*VX² Znm. o.18, "XÊS>-nwéf-g§ moJm…'B{V g‘yhmbå~Zo ""XÊS>r nwéf…'' B{VdX²XÊS>ñ` àH$maVmnÎmo…. g§ moJmo{h XÊS>ñ` d¡{eï²>ç§ ^mgVo VËà{V`moJr M XÊS>…*

B{V ‘ÄOarH$ma…{Q>.1.

AÝ oVw *""^mg‘mZ§ `X² d¡{eîQ²>çà{V`mo{JËd‘² VV² àH$maËd‘²'' BË od§g‘mgmo AÌ {dd{jV…. EdÄM CŠVg‘yhmbå~Zo à{V`mo{JËdñ` A^mZmV²nm. o.19

Z VËgmYmaÊ`‘². *ZZw Ed‘{n "XÊS>-nwéf-g§ moJ-VËà{V`mo{JËdmZw mo{JËdm{Z'B{V g‘yhmbå~ZgmYmaÊ`mV² Z BX§ g“ÀN>Vo* B{V MoV², Z, ñdê$nVmo mg‘mZñ`d¡{eï²>ç-à{V`mo{JËdmZw mo{JËdñ` àH$maËd{deoî`Ëdñ` dmÀ`ËdmV². g‘yhmbå~Zo{hVËà{V`mo{JËdmZw mo{JËd‘² A{V[aŠV§ ^mgVo, Z ñdê$nVmonm. o.20, {d{eï>~wÕm¡VwVWo{V Z Xmof…* B{V Amhþ….

VX{n Z, à{V`mo{JËdmXo… ñdê$ngå~ÝYê$nËdoZ A{V[aŠVËdo ‘mZm^mdmV².VWmËdo {d{eîQ>~wÕmd{n ñdê$nVmo ^mZmgå^dm{X{V àH$maËd-{deoî`Ëdo{df`Vm{deofmdod BË od wŠV‘².

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1. Ý`m`{gÕmÝV‘ÄOarH$mamo ^Å>mMm ©MyS>m‘{U… OmZH$sZmW… (í`m).

amOgo g{dH$ënHo$ kmZo {Û{dYàH$maVmhoVwH§$ Û¡{dÜ`‘² : *VÌ {deofUËdmonbjUËd oXmV² àH$maVm {ÛYm : (1)VÌ {deoî`VmdÀN>oXH$Ëdo

g{V ì`mdV©H$Ëd§ {deofUËd§; `Wm, ""XÊS>r nwéf…'' BË`Ì XpÊS>Ëd‘².(2)VXZdÀN>oXH$Ëdo{Q>.1 g{V ì`mdV©H$Ëd‘² CnbjUËd‘²; `Wm, ""OQ>m{^…Vmng…''-""H$ mH$dX ² X odXÎmñ` J ¥h‘ ² '' BË`Ì OQ > mH $ mH$ m ¡ .àË`mæ`ì`md¥Î`{YH$aUËdÄM {deoî`Ëd‘²* B{V Z¡ m{`H$m…

*H$m`m©Ýd{`Ëd§ {deofUËd§, VXZÝd{`Ëd‘² Cnm{YËd§; VXod M CnbjUËd‘²*

B{V ‘m`mdm{XZ….

^mÅ>mñVw *""kmVm o KQ>…'' B{V àVrVo…, kmZOÝ`m o {df`{ZîR>…"àmH$Q²>çm'@naZm‘m nXmWm} kmVVm. g¡d M {df`Vm, {df`{df{Ùmo…gå~ÝYñdê$nm, Adí`å‘ÝVì`mM B`‘². H$W‘² AÝ`Wm kmZH$‘©Ëd‘² KQ>mXo…?{H«$`mOÝ`’$bem{bËdm^mdmX²* B{V Amhþ….

AÌ Ho${MX² *Z EVX² wŠV§, {dZîQ>o KQ>o "kmV…' B{V àVrVo…. Z{h VÌkmZ‘² {H$pÄMX² OZ{`Vw§ eŠZmo{V, Vñ ¡d AgÎdmV². ZM g‘dm{`H$maU§ {dZm^mdH$m`m}Ën{Îm… gå^d{V. VÌ ñdê$ngå~ÝY{deofEd àVrVo… {df`… B{V MoX²,AÝ`Ìm{n gEd AñVw H¥$V‘² A{YHo$Z, H$‘©Ëdñ`m{n VX²dXod CnnÎmo…* B{VAmhþ….

VV² VwÀN>§, {df`{df{Ùmo… {df`{df{`^mdmË‘H$ñdê$n‘od gå~ÝY… B{Vdm{X‘V o@{n {dZï >KQ >ñ` AgÎdmV ² , ñdê$ngå~ÝYñ` A^md oZkmZ{df`Ëdm^mdmnÎmo…. ZM *"eee¥§J‘²' B{VdX² AgÝZ{n ^d{V kmZ{df`…*

B{V dmÀ §, "eee¥§J‘²' B{V kmZñ` «‘ËdmX², Añ`m{n Vwë`{df`V`m «‘ËdmnÎmo….{H$ÄM «‘o{h `mdÝV… nXmWm©… ^mgÝVo Vo AÝ`Ì

1. ""AdÀN>oXH$ËdÄM AÝ yZm{YH$Xoed¥{ÎmËd‘²'' (VV…) "gË`ÝVm'ZwnmXmZoCnbjUo A{Vì`mpßV…, "ì`mdV©H$Ëdm'ZwnmXmZo AÝ`moÝ`ml`mnÎmo… (Am).

à{gÕmEd. AÝ`Wm Aà{gÕñ`m{n «‘… ñ`mV². VWmM Z «‘mo@{n Ag{Ûf`H$…B{V ’$b{V. VWm g{V Hw$VñVam§ à‘m`m§ VWmËd‘²? *ZZwVWm{n «‘à‘md¡bjÊ`mÀgXod d¡{eï²>ç§ «‘o gXwnamJoU ^mgVo B{V ‘ÝVì`‘od* B{V MoV², V{h© àH¥$Vo@{nH$nmbmonamJoU AgÝZod KQ>mo ^mgVB{V «‘Ëd‘od ‘ÝVì`‘². *ZZw gXwnamJoU^mZ§ «‘à`moOH§$ Z d{V, A^mdàVr{V-‘mÌ-~mYmnÎmo…nm. o.21, à{V`mo{JgÎmm‘odAmXm` VÌ gÎmm“rH$mamV². AVmo Xmof-~mYmdod à`moOH$m{d{V VX^mdmV² ZAñ` «‘Ëd‘²* B{V MoV², Z, EVñ` à{VdmÚZmXaUr`ËdmV². ‘VmÝVao gÎmm`m…Y‘m©ÝVaËdoZ A^mdo@{n VËgËdo ~mYH$m^mdmV². AV… gÎm ¡d A^mdàVrË wnnÎmo…gXwnamJñ`m{n ^«‘à`moOH$Ëd§ dmÀ`‘odo{V nydm}ŠVkmZo ^«‘Ëdmn{Îm… Xwdm©a¡d.{H$ÄM gXwnamJoU ^mZ§ dXVm AgVEd ^mZ‘² A“rH¥$V‘². VÎmnm. o.22 «‘o@{nAZwnnÝZ‘od, kmZ-à`moOH$-gpÝZH$f©-ì`mpßV-d¥Ë`mXo… Ag{V A^mdmV².à`moOH$‘² AÝVaoU kmZm“rH$mao gd©Xm «‘… ñ`mV². AVmo «‘mo@{n gX²{df`H$Ed.ZM à‘md¡bjÊ`mZwnn{Îm…, AÝ`»`m{VdmXoZ Xmof-~mYmä`m‘od CnnÎmo…. Ed§g{V à‘m`m§ gwVam§ gÎmmnojo{V {dZï>KQ>ñWbo@{n gyú‘ê$noU KQ>gËd‘²A“rH$m ©‘odo{V, kmVVmoËnÎmm¡ ~mYH$m^mdmX² Jm¡ad‘mÌ‘od kmVVmnjo XyfU‘²,AW©àH$mem{V[aŠVàmH$Q²>çñ` AÌ dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV² M kmVVmñdê$nñ`m{nA{g{Õ… B{VM. VoZ Ý`m`‘V‘od{Q>.1 AÌ gå`J² B{V {XH²$.

amOgo g{dH$ënHo$ kmZo nwZ… Û¡{dÜ`mÝVa{Zê$nU‘² : àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘…nm. o.23. CŠVê$n§ g{dH$ënH§$ {ÛYm :(1){d{eîQ>- ~w{Õ-

(2)g‘yhmbå~ZôXmV².

(1)VÌ AmÚ§ VËàH$maH$~w{ÕËd§; `Wm, ""A §nm. o.24 KQ>…'' B{V. ""XÊS>rnwéf…'' BË`m{Xê$nm. {d{eîQ>d¡{eîQ²>ç~w{ÕñVw Vñ`m… oX….

1. ""dñVwVñVw gËH$m ©dmXñ` lw{V{gÕËdmV² gX{n Am{d^m©dmnan`m© V`mA“r{H«$`VB{V mÅ>‘V§ à‘m{UH$ËdmV² Z Xmofmdh‘²'' B{V A nmR>o AZwnbä`‘mZm

21 22

B § n§pŠV… H$ nmR>o nmX{Q>ßnUV`m, AÝ ofwVw Am I J K L> M nmR>ofw ‘yboCnbä`‘mZm n§pŠV[a § ZyZ‘² Am¡ÎmaH$m{bH$s ñdmoŠV{ZagZmË‘H$g§emoYZê$nm B{VH$WpÄMX² D$hZr`‘²(í`m).

(2){ÛVr`ÝVw V{Ûeoî`H$~w{ÕËd§; `Wm, "XÊS>-nwéf-g§ moJm…' B{V. "KQ>-nQ>-ñVå^m…' B{V {d{eîQ>g‘yhmbå~Z‘{n Vñ ¡d oX….

gmåàXm{`H$Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *VÌ {d{eîQ>-d¡{eîQ²>ç-~wÕm¡ {df`VmMVw{d©Ym:-

(1)""EH$Ì Û`‘²'' B{V EH$m.(2)""EH${d{eîQ>o Anad¡{eîQ²>ç‘²'' B{V BVam.(3)""{d{eîQ>ñ` d¡{eîQ²>ç‘²'' B{V AÝ`m.(4)""{deoî o {deofU§ VÌm{n {deofUmÝVa‘²'' B{V MVwWu.

(1)VÌ `Ì EH$pñ‘Z² {deoî o wJnXod {deofUÛ § ^mgVo gm "EH$Ì Û`‘²'B{V ZmåZr. CXmhaU§ ""H¥$îUmo XÊS>-Hw$ÊS>b-dmZ²'' B{V ""KQ>Ëd-Ðì`Ëd-dX²BX§'' B{V dm. (2)`Ì nwZ… EH${d{eîQ>o Anad¡{eîQ²>ç§ ^mgVo gm ""{d{eîQ>od¡{eîQ²>ç‘²'' B{V `Wm ""H¥$îU… í`m‘… Hw$ÊS>br''-""^yVbo KQ>…'' BË`m{X.EV`mo… {deoî`VmdÀN>oXH$-àH$maH$-{ZíM`ËdoZ {deofU-kmZñ`nm. o.25 hoVwVm.(3)`ÌM EH${deofU{d{eï>ñ` AÝ`Ì d¡{eîQ²>ç§ ^mgVo gm ""{d{eîQ>ñ`d¡{eîQ>ç‘²'' B{V. CXmhaU§ ""MmédoUw‘mZ²nm. o.26 H¥$îU…''-""ZrbKQ>dX² yVb§''-""aŠVXÊS>dmZ² XodXÎm…'' B{V. AÌ {deofUVmdÀN>oXH$-àH$maH$-{ZíM`ËdoZhoVwVm. (4)`ÌVwnm. o.27 nydª ‘w» § {deoî o {deofU§ mgVo; VV… VÌ {deofUmÝVa§,gm ""{deoî onm. o.28 {deofU§ VÌ {deofUmÝVa‘²'' B{V; `Wm, "" yVb§ KQ>dX² (Zdmnm.^ o .29)'' B{V ""aŠVXÊS >dmZ ² Z dm'' B{V M. AÌ{deofUVmdÀN>oXH$àH$maH${ZíM`ËdoZnm. o.30 hoVwVm* B{V Amhþ….

am‘ZmWñV wnm.ô.31 *{d{eîQ>ñ` d¡{eîQ²>ç‘² BË`Vmo {df`d¡bjÊ`m^mdmV²à`moOZm^mdmV² M Vwar`m Z àm‘m{UH$s* B{V AdXV².

VV² VwÀN>§, ""aŠVXÊS>dmZ² Z dm''-"" yVb§ KQ>dV² Z dm'' BË`m{Xg§e`ñ`{d{eîQ>d¡{eîQ² >ç-{‘{V-{df`VmH$ËdoZ J¥h ²`‘mUñ` VÎdm^mdmnÎm o….{deofUVmdÀN>oXH$-àH$maH$-{ZíM`m^mdmX², ""{d{eîQ>ñ` d¡{eîQ²>ç‘²'' B{V{df`Vm`m… VÌ dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmX², `Ú{n {df`… Vwë`… VWm{n AZw d oXmX²oX…. AÝ`Wm ""KQ>dX² yVb§''-"" yVbo KQ>…'' BË`Z`moa{n {df` oXm^mdmX²

{d{eîQ>ñ` d¡{eîQ²>ç‘{nnm. o.32 Z {gÜ oV². AVEd ""AZw d{gÕmo{h A § {d{eîQ>-d¡{eîQ²>ç-~wÕrZm§ {df`Vm{deof…'' (V.{M.‘.Xr{Y. nam‘e©àH$aUo){Q>.1 B{VXr{Y{VH¥$Vm CŠV‘². BX‘² AÌ àg“mX² CŠV‘².

B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à‘mUn[aÀN>oXo à‘mñdê$n~moYm¡n{`H$-kmZôXmonôXH$ëbmobo bmoH$ì`dhma‘yb-g{dH$ënH$-

kmZ{Zê$nH$… V¥Vr`… Va“… g‘mßV…

1. ""AZw^d{gÕmo h²``§ {d{eï>-d¡{eîQ²>ç-~wÕrZm§ {deofUVm{deof…''B{V nmR>… Mm¡Iå^m‘w{ÐVm`m§ OmJXrerg{hVm`m§ Xr{YË`m‘² Cnbä`Vo 766V‘on¥ð>o (í`m).

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. EH${dY¡d B{V H$ nmR>…. 2. CëboIZV`m B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕEd.

3. dñVwn`©dgmZmX² B{V H$ nmR>…. 4. à‘mUm^mdmX² "B{V' B{V H$ nmR>oZmonbä`Vo. 5. A{d{dŠVgm‘mÝ`{deof"^mJ‘²' B{V Am I nmR>`mo… A nmR>oemñÌXr{nH$m`m‘{n "{d^mJ‘²' Ed. 6. Ed Z "Om`Vo' B{V H$ nmR>…. 7.{dH$pënV§ {h B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 8. MmZwñ‘¥Ë` VoZ nwa…pñWV‘² B{V H$ MnmR>`mo…. 9. ZMmW©‘ÑîQ>§ `V… B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕEd. 10. ghg¡d níMmV²B{V H$ nmR>…. 11. kmZXe©ZoZ B{V I nmR>…. 12. gwdMËdmV ² M. "VV…' B{V{H$pÄMV² I Am nmR>`mo… g§emoYZ{‘d ^m{V. 13. VmÑe{Z{d©H$ën{g{Õ… B{VH$ nmR>…. 14. KQ>Ëdm{Xgm‘mÝ`ñ` B{V H$ nmR>…. 15. VËà{V{H«$`mOÝ`kmZñ`B{V H$ nmR>…. 16. g{dH$ënmdJm{h B{V H$ nmR>…. 17. "`Wm...KQ>Ëd‘²' B{V

23 24

n§pŠV… H$ nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 18. B{V Amhþ…. "VÌ' B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 19.à{V`mo{JËdñ` "A^mdmV²' B{V H$ K nmR>m¡Vw AewÕm¡. 20. ñdê$nVmo "^mgVo'B{V H$ J MnmR>ofw A{YH$…. 21. A^mdàVr{V‘mÌñ` «‘ËdmnÎmo… B{V MnmR>…. 22. VÀM eãXoZ {df`mo Y‘©ê$nEdo{V M nmR>…. 23. àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘…B{V H$ J L> M nmR>ofw Zmonbä`Vo. 24. `Wm "A §' B{V H$ M nmR>`moaod. 25.{deofUkmZñ` B{V H$ J K L> M nmR>ofw Zmonbä`Vo. 26. EVËg§»`m§{H$Vo"Mmé'..."Zrb' B{V CXmhaUo A Am I nmR>ofw Zmonbä oVo. 27. `Ì "Vw' B{VH$ nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 28. {deofUmÝVa§ "g{deoî o' B{V I nmR>…. 29. KQ>dV²"Z dm' B{V nmR>mo AWm©ZwamoYoZ M nmR>mZwamoYoZ "M' {Zdo{eVmo@{n AÝ ofw nmR>ofwZmonbä`Vo. Añ`m‘od n§ŠVm¡ A nmR>o "ÝZ' B{V emoYZ§ Šd{MX² Úmo{VV§ {H$ÝVwHw$Ì B{V Z {Z{X©ï>‘². 30. {deofUVmdÀN>oXH$àH$maH$"kmZËdoZ' B{V gd} nmR>m….J¥hrVñVw AWm©ZwamoYoZ. 31. am‘ZmW^Å>mMm`m©ñVw B{V H$ J K L> nmR>m…. 32.{d{eîQ>ñ` "d¡{eï>ç{‘`‘{n' B{V A Am H$ J K L> M nmR>mñVw gd©WmAeŠ`mÝd`ËdmX² AewÕmEd ^mpÝV J¥hrVñVw I nmR>mZwgmaoU.

*ŸnÄM{dY-~w{Õd¥{Îm-{Zê$nH$… MVwW©… Va“…Ÿ*

àH¥$V_² AYwZm AZwgam_… :

g§e`-{dn`m©g-{ZíM`-ñ_¥{V-ñdmn-ê$n¡… AdmÝVaôX¡… amOgog{dH$ënH$kmZo nwZa{n nÄM{dYËdà{Vkm :

nydm}ŠV§ g{dH$ënH$ÝVw nÄM{dY§ : (1)g§e`-(2){dn`m©g-(3){ZíM`-(4)ñ_¥{V-(5)ñdmßZnm. o.1- oXmV². VoM V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo C{Ôï>m… ""g§e`mo@W {dn`m©gmo{ZíM`… ñ_¥{Va od M ñdmn BË` wÀ`Vo ~ wÕ ob ©jU§ d ¥ {ÎmV… n ¥WJ ²''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&26Ÿ&30Ÿ) B{V. `Ú{n BX§ ~w{ÕbjU§, VoZ ~w{Õd¥{Îmê$nm… EVo^dpÝV ZVw kmZ oXm…, VWm{n ""~w{Õ{d©kmZê${nUr'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&10Ÿ&32Ÿ)B{V ~wÕ o… ñdê$nbjUmX ² {d{eîQ>kmZg_mZmH$mam ~ w{Õ[a{V V oZ ¡d{d{eï>kmZ oXmA{n {gÕçÝVr{V AXmof….

AW Efm§ bjUm{Z CÀ`ÝVo, Y{_©ËdoZ {dd{jVñ` BVa oXkmnH$mo Y_m}{hbjU{_{V ~moYgm¡H$`m©Wª Vñ` Amdí`H$ËdmV².

g{dH$ënH$kmZo amOgamOgkmZê$n… àW_… àH$ma… g§e`…, VX²Û¡{dÜ §,gå^mdZmVH©$`mo… M VÌ¡d AÝV^m©d… :

VÌ ""EH$pñ_Z² Y{_©{U {déÕ{Q>.1ZmZmH$moQ²>çdJm{h kmZ§ g§e`….''g_yhmbå~Zo A{Vì`mpßVdmaUm` ""EH$pñ_Z² Y{_©{U'' B{V, ""B_o MyVm… nZgm…dm'', ""EVm¡ Zam¡ ñWmUy dm'' BË`mXm¡Vw Y{_©VmdÀN>oXH¡$Š`_² AmXm` Y{_©U…EH$Ëd{_{V AXmofB{V. ""BX§ aOV_²'' BË`m{X-{d{eï>-d¡{eï²>ç-{ZíM`-kmZ-dmaUm` "{déÕo'{V, BXÝVm-aOVËd`mo… A{damoYmV². «_o ApñV {damoY… B{VMoV²Ÿ, Z, VÌ _m{`H$ñ ¡d BX_§eñ` ^mZoZ nma_m{W©H$ñ`Ÿnm. o.2 Aà_o ËdmV².AÝ`Wm kmZñ` gm§eËdmnÎmo….

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1. ghmdñWmZm`mo½`m… B{V AW©…(A).ghmZdñWmZ`mo½`_² B{VŸ(Am)Ÿ

{deofmñ\y${V©hoVwH§$ {déÕZmZmH$moQ²çdJm{h kmZ§ dm, ZVw ŸEH$Y{_©H$-^mdm^md-H$mo{Q>H$Ÿnm. o.3Ÿ-kmZ§ VV²Ÿ, VÎmX^mdŸ{Q>.1g_yhmbå~Zo A{Vì`mßVo…. Zm{n {damoYg§gJ©H§$kmZ_² B{V, ñWmUwËd-nwéfËd`mo… g§gJ©ËdoZ {damoYñ` A^mZmV². Y{_©{UVw C^`mo…àH$maV`m Y{_©Um gh {damoYñ`¡d A^mdmV². g§eò àH$maV`m ^mZo@{nXmof{deofK{Q>Vgm_½a²çm `ËH$moQ²çm§ {damoY{d{eï>V`m ^mZ§ VÌm{n {damoYñ` nydªV{ÛeofUV`¡d à{_VV`m VXm{n VW¡d ^mZ{ZíMòZ g§gJ©V`m ^mZñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV². ZM *ŸAÌ g§g¥ï>àVrVo… Om`_mZËdmV² VXwnnmXZm` {damoYñ`g§gJ©Ëd§ H$ëß`VoŸ* B{V dmÀ §, H$moQ²çmo… n`m© oU àVrË`m Vñ`mEd A^mdmV²nm. o.4.Vñ_mV² nydm}ŠV_od bjU_².

gM {Û{dY… : (1)g_… (2)CËH$Q>H$mo{Q>H$… M.

(1.g_…)ŸVÌ g§ñH$maVoOgmo…, {déÕ`mo… g§ñH$ma`mo… VoOgmo… eãX`mo… dmVwë`àH$meH$Ëdo {deofmñ\y$Vm£ g_mo; `Wm, ""BX§ aOV§ Z dm?'' ""ñWmUw… Zdm?'' ""dgZ_² C‚db§ Z dm?'' ""na_mUwê$nm y… {ZË`m A{ZË`m dmŸ?''BË`m{X.

A`_{n (1ŸH$Ÿ)ewÕ(1ŸIŸ)g‘>rU© oXmX² {Û{dY….

VÌ ewÕ… CŠV… :-

(1ŸH$Ÿ)""ñWmUw… dm nwéfmo dm?'' B{VVw.

Ÿ(1ŸIŸ)g‘>rUm}, ^mdmÝVaY_}U gm‘>çm©V² nwZa{n {Û{dY… :-

(1ŸIŸ)gmYmaUY_©Xe©ZOÝ_m

(1ŸImŸ){dà{Vn{ÎmOÝ_m M.

1. KQ>-KQ>m^mdg_yhmbå~Zo B{V AW©…Ÿ(í`m).

VÌŸ-

(1ŸIŸ)AmÚ… g‘>rUm©Ë_m.

(1ŸImŸ){ÛVr`ñVw ""na_mUwê$nm y… {ZË`m A{ZË`m dm?''Ÿnm. o.5

B{V, nwamUmXm¡ A{ZË`Ëdñ` Ý`m`Xe©ZmXm¡ na_mUyZm§ {ZË`Ëdñ`M CŠVo….

Ho${MÎmw *ŸgH$b-{ZpíMV-{ZË`m{ZË`-ì`md¥ÎmoZ, JÝYdÎdoZ VmÑe-eãXËdm{X-{d{eï>-eãX-kmZoZ M AgmYmaU-Y_©-Xe©Z-OÝ_mZ§ V¥Vr`_{nŸ*

Amhþ…, VV² Z amoMVo, AgmYmaU-Y_©Xe©Zñ` g§e`moËnmXH$Ëdo _mZm^mdmV².

(1ŸImŸ)""JÝYdVr y… {ZË`m A{ZË`m dm?'', ""dUm©Ë_m ŸeãXmo{ZË`mo A{ZË`mo dm?'' BË`m{XñVw Ÿ{dà{Vn{ÎmO{ZVEd n¥{WdreãX`mo…A{ZË`Vm`m… ŸàË`j{gÕËdoZ gH$bm{ZË`-ì`md¥ÎmËdm^md-{ZíM-Ÿ`mV²Ÿ, JÝYdÎd-eãX- Ëdm{X-hoVwH$mZw_mZoZ na_mUw- ŸdU© mo…A{ZË`Vm`m… eŠ`gmYZËdmX² B{V.

àË`jg§e o Y_}pÝÐ`-gpÝZH$f}U¡d {Zdm©hmX²Ÿ, Y{_©kmZñ` H$maUËd§{Q>.1

_r_m§gH$m… Z BÀN>pÝV. AÝd`ì`{VaoH$-{gÕËdmV²Ÿ, Z¡ m{`H$mñVw BÀN>pÝV.

27 28

(2.CËH$Q>H$mo{Q>H$…)Ÿgm_J«rg§ñH$ma`mo…{Q>.2 AÝ`Vañ` àm~ë o VoOAm{X{^…ghH$m[a{^… VXZwJwUY_©àH$meZo Aën{deof-ñ\y$Vm£ CËH$Q>H$mo{Q>H$mo ^d{V. y mo{deofñ\y$Ë © mdoZ {ÛVr`bjUo@{n Z Aì`mpßVXmof…. gå^mdZm{n CËH$Q>H$mo{Q>H$-g§e`{deofEd. AVEd ""gå^m{dV§ gd©_od Aà_mU_²''

1. Y{_©kmZñ` Y_}pÝÐ`gpÝZH$fª OZ{`Ëd¡d CnjrUËdoZ AÝ`Wm{gÕo….AÝ`Wm {d{eï>kmZo {deofUkmZ{_d {deoî`kmZ_{n H$maU§ ñ`mX² B{V AW©…(H$).2. CÀM¡ñËdm{X{d{eîQ>-Y{_©kmZ§ `{X Om`Vo VX¡d ""A § ñWmUwdm© nwéfmo dm?''B{V g§e`… CËnÚVo AÝ`Wm Zo{V `WmZw d_² Y{_©kmZñ` H$maUËd_² H$ëß`Vo.EdÄM àmË`{jH$Ed g§e`mo Z¡`m{`H$mZm§ _Vo, ZVw AZw{_Ë`m{Xê$n…, H$maUm^mdmV²{ZíM`gm_½a²çm g§e o à{V~ÝYH$Vm M B{V AW©…(H$).

(Ÿgw~mo.3Ÿ&26Ÿ&30Ÿ) B{V V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo ì`wËnm{XV_ ². VH$m}@{n VWm,gå^mdZmÝVJ©VËdmV²Ÿ, ""ñdmoËào{jVm `wpŠV… VH©$…'' B{V VëbjUmV²nm.ô.6.A{ZîQ>àgÄOZê$nËdo@{n VXZnm`mV²Ÿ, à`moJo gå^mdZmW©H$-"{bL²>'nm. o.7-K{Q>V-dmŠ`-à`moJmV² M. ì`mpßV_yb yVñ`Vwnm. o.8 \$b§ {ZíM`…, ZVw ñd § {ZíM`ê$nB{VZ H$m{n AZwnn{Îm…. ZM *VÌ H$moQ²>çÝVamñ\w$aUmV² gå^mdmZm`m… H$W§g§e`mÝV…nm{VËd_²Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §, Ý`½ yVñ\y$V}… VÌm{n gÎdmV². AÝ`Wm ""A §àm`… nwéf…'' ŸBË`mXm¡ Ÿàm`ñËdmñ\w$aUmnÎmo… B{V {XH²$.

g{dH$ënH$kmZo amOgVm_gkmZê$nmo {ÛVr`… àH$mamo {dn`m©g… :

{dn`m©gñVw ""gåà wŠV-{^ÝZmW©_mÌ-à{VnmXH§$ ~môç§ kmZ_²''.

"_mÌ'nX§ g§e`dmaUm`. "~môç_²'ŸB{V ñ_¥{Vñdmn`mo… dmaUm`. A`ÄM{df`XmofmV² H$aUXmofmV²nm.ô.9 M ^d{V; `Wm, ""BX§ aOV_²''B{V, ""e§I…

nrV…''B{V,""KQ>mo «_{V''B{V ~hd…. dñVwVñVw Amdí`H$ËdmV² bmKdmV² MH$aUXmofmXod B{V {ZíM`….

Ho$MZ *Ÿ""e§I… nrV…'' BË`mXm¡ J¥ôç_mUmamon_²Ÿ* Amhþ….

VX{n {Ìj{UH$-kmZ-dm{X-_Vo Z g“ÀN>Vo, naoU J¥ôç_mUñ` AmamonoA{Vàg“mnÎmo…. ñd`§ VÌ J¥ôç_mUËdo Amamonñ`¡d ~mYmV²Ÿ, ñd`_² AÝ`ÌJ¥ôç_mUñ` Vw AmamonXem`m§ J«hUñ` ZmeoZ J¥ôç_mUËdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV²M. AVmo OnméUñ\${Q>H$-_wIà{V{~å~m{XH$_od VÌ CXmhaUr`_² B{V {XH²$.

AÌ ~hd… »`m{VdmXm…. VÌŸnm. o.10 nydm}ËnÝZñ` AZw dñ` g§ñH$mamË_ZmpñWVñ` C×moYH¡$… àm~ë o _m{`H$mWm©H$madVr ~w{Õd¥{Îm… _m``m ~{h… {jß`VoVXm gm nwamod{V©Z§ gd©Vmo A§eVmo dm Amd¥Ë` ~{h… Ad^mgVo B{V _m{`H$ñÀÝ`ñ ¡d »`mZmX² "AÝ`»`m{V…' B{V AÌ ì`d{õ`Vo.

Z¡`m{`H$mñVw *ŸMmH$MŠ`mÚw×wÕ-g§ñH$ma-ghH¥$VoZ Xmofmon{hVopÝÐòUgåà`wŠVm ewpŠVaod aOVmË_Zm J¥ôçVB{V gåà`wŠVñ` AÝ`Wm ^mZmX²AÝ`Wm»`m{Vaod B`_²Ÿ*{Q>.1 B{V Amhþ….

^mÅ>mñVw Ÿ*H$V ¥ ©JV ¡ … Xm of ¡ … à_ wï >VÎm mH$ m ñ_ ¥ {Va od AÌ o {VA(Ý`Wm!)»`m{VdmX_²*{Q>.2 Amhþ….

àm^mH$amñVw *Ÿà_w{fVo ñ_aUm{^_mZo AJ¥hrVmg§gJ©H§$ kmZÛ`_² AÌ BË od_²A»`m{VdmX_²Ÿ* Amhþ….

29 30

_m`mdm{XZñVw *ŸVÌ A{dÚ`m A{Zd©MZr`§ aOV_² CËnÚVB{VA{Zd©MZr`»`m{V_²Ÿ* Amhþ….

~m¡ÕmñVw *ŸAgXod aOV§ »`m`VB{V AgË»`m{V_²Ÿ{Q>.3Ÿ* Amhþ….{dkmZdm{XZñVw *Ÿj{UH${dkmZê$n… AmË_¡d ~{h… »`m`VB{V AmË_»`m{V_²Ÿ{Q>.3Ÿ*

Amhþ….

1.Ðï >ì` § : Vñ_mX ² Xm ofH$b w {fVmX ² BpÝÐ`mV ²n w a m o @ d p ñ W V Y { _ © . . . { d e o f m d _ e © Z H $ m ¡ e b e y Ý ` m V ²gm_mÝ`Y_ ©ghM[aVnXmWm © ÝVaJV{de ofñ_aUm oH ¥ $VmX ² ^d{V{dnarVàË``….(ŸÝ`m`_ÄO.V¥Vr.AmpôZHo$Ÿ). 2. Z¡VX² ^mÅ>_V§ {H$ÝVw{dnarV»`mVo… A»`mVm¡ n`©dgmZ§ ÚmoVZm`¡d¡d§ {Zê$nU§ ñ`mX². VWm{h :(1)gå~pÝYXe©Z§{h gÑeXe©ZdV² g§ñH$ma_² CX²~moY`Vo. Šb¥ßV§{h VÌ Vñ`H$maUËd_². g§ñH$maíM CX²~mo{YV… ñ_¥qV OZ`{V B{V A{ddmX_². ñ_¥VoíMà_mof… ewpŠVaOVm{XdoXZofw Šb¥ßVEd (em.Xr.AZw_mZ{Zê$nUo à^mH$a_V{d_e}).(2)gd©Ì g§gJ©_mÌ_² AgXod Ad^mgVo. g§g{J©UñVw gÝVEd. go § {dnarV»`m{V…B{V CÀ`Vo _r_m§gH¡$…, AgË»`m{Vdm{XZñVw g§g{J©Umo@{n AnbnpÝV B{V{deof…. ewpŠVaOVdoX oZ o@{n {dÚ_mZ¡d aOVËdOm{V… {dÚ_mZñ`¡dewpŠVH$meH$bñ` AZmË_ yV¡d AmË_V`m AdJå`Vo (em.Xr.{dkmZdmXIÊS>Zo).(3)EH$mÝVgÎdo H$m ^«mpÝV… AgÎdo qH$ à^mgVm_²Ÿ? Û`mZwJwÊ`mX² d¥ÕmZm§gå_Vm »`m{VaÝ`WmŸ({d «.{ddo.H$m[a. 47)Ÿ(í`m)Ÿ. 3. Ed_od EV`mo… »`m{VdmX`mo…O ¡Z~ «m÷UJ«ÝW`m o… à{g{Õ…. _Ýò ""àË`j§ H$ënZmnm oT >_^«mÝV_² Ÿ,A{^bmng§gJ© mo½`à{V^mgàVr{V… H$ënZm...Vñ` {df`… ñdbjU§, `ñ`mW©ñ`gpÝZYmZmgpÝZYmZmä`m § kmZà{V^mgôXñVËñdbjU§, VXod na_mW©gX²''(ŸÝ`m`{~.4-14Ÿ)""{Y`mo Zrbm{Xê$nËdo ~môçmo@W©… {H$åà_mUH$mo{Y`mo@Zrbm{Xê$nËdo g Vñ`mZw d… H$W_²Ÿ? Xm g§doXZmË_Ëd§ Z gmê$ß`{Z~ÝYZ§

{gÕ§ VËñdVEdmñ` {H$_W}ZmonZr`Vo?'' (Ÿà_m.dm{V©.1Ÿ&433-34Ÿ)BË od_m{XdMZ_ybo § à{g{Õ… ~m¡ÕJ«ÝWofw EVËgÝX^m} _¥½`…Ÿ(í`m).

gm§»`mñVw *ŸgXgVr »`m oVo-B{V gXgË»`m{V_²Ÿ*{Q>.1 Amhþ….

Vofm§ XyfU§ »`m{VdmXo ànpÄMV{_{V Z Bh {dñVa….

*Ÿ»`mË`ÝVao g§gJm} AgÝZod ^mgVo. AgË»`mVm¡Vw g§g{J©Umo@{n AgÝV…Ÿ*

B{V nmW©gma{W{_lm….

g{dH$ënH$kmZo amOggmpÎdH$kmZê$n… V¥Vr`… àH$mamo {ZíM`…, Vñ`àË`jnamoj oXoZ Û¡{dÜ § M :

{ZíM`mo "`WmWm©Zw d…'. A`_od "à_m' B{V ì`d{õ`Vo. "`mWmÏ ©'ÄMAWm©Z{Vd{V©Ëd_². gåà wŠVmWª Xoem{Xnyd©H§$ {df`rH¥$Ë` Om`_mZËd_² B{V mdV².VoZ g§e`{dn`m©gñdmnmZm§ {Zamg…, g§e o@{n H$moQ²>çÝVao AWm©{VH«$_mV²Ÿ, {dn`m©goñdmno M AWm©^mdoZ¡d A{VH«$_mV². ZM *ŸaOVa“`mo… ""B_o a“aOVo'' B{V{dnarV^«_o gåà`wŠVmWm©{VH«$_m^mdmX² A{Vì`mpßV…Ÿ*, Xoem{VH«$_oUgåà wŠVmWm©{VH«$_ñ` VÌm{n gÎdmV². Ed_od «_mÝVao@{n CÝZo _².

ZM *ŸBpÝÐ`mg§g¥ï>o@{nnm. o.11 d•m¡ VXZw{_Vo… gåà wŠVmWm©{VH«$_oU Om`_mZV`mVÌ Aì`mpßV…Ÿ* e‘>çm, VÌm{n Yy_m{Xê$nmì`{^M[aV-gå~- pÝY-ÛmamAW©g§gJ©ñ` gÎdmV². ZM *ŸAVrVmZmJVhoVwñWbo `m AZw{_{V… VÌ Aì`mpßV…Ÿ*

B{V e‘>ç_²Ÿ, AVrVo hoVm¡ nwéfoU AÑï>o AZw{_Voaod AZwX`mV². `Ì nwZ… Yy_… nydªÑï>…, VVmo Zï>…, VXZÝVa§ M dô³ Zw{_Ëgm, VÌm{n Yy_Üd§gm{YH$aUñ` AXe©ZoVñ`m… AZwX`mV² Šd Aì`mpßV…Ÿ! dô³ {W©àd¥{ÎmñVw gå^mdZ ¡d, XmZgå^mdZ`m

31 32

A{W©àd¥{ÎmdV². gå^mdmZmM ì`mpßVñ_aUmV². ^yVbm{Xê$n-Yy_m{YH$aU-_mÌXe©ZoVw d{•gmjmËH$mamo dm

1. ""gXgË»`m{V… ~mYm~mYmV²''(Ÿgm§»`àdMZgyÌo 5Ÿ&56Ÿ) B{V.Ý`m`Hw$_wXMÝÐmoX`H$ma… à^mMÝÐmMm`©ñVw gm§»`mZm§ _Vo à{gÕmW©»`m{VdmX…B{V dU© {V(í`m).

gå^mdZm dm {dbjUmoÀNy>Z^ñ_m{XZm dm AZw{_{V…, ZVw Yy_Üd§goZ, VñÀ{YH$aUì`§½`ËdoZ VX{YH$aUñ` M Yy_md`dê$nËdoZ `mo½`mZm§ Vofm§Yy_mZ{V[aŠVËdmV²Ÿ, VVEd AZw{_{VOZZmV². AW XaX½YoÝYZm{Xa odYy_m{YH$aUËdoZ {dd{jV…, V{h© Amdí`H$ËdmV² bmKdmX² ÑîQ>mZwamo{YËdmV² MVoZ¡d AZw{_{V… ZVw Yy_Üd§goZ. Vñ`M AñË od AW©gå~pÝYËd_²Ÿ, AVmo ZAì`mßË`dH$me…. Ed_od AZmJVñWbo@{n àmJ^mdì`ÄOH$ñ` AZw_mnH$Ëd{_{VVÌm{n VWm. YybrnQ>bo Yy_ «_oU `m AZw{_{V… gmVw Abú o{V Z VÌ Aì`mpßV…Xmofm`. H$Xm{MX² d{•àmpßVñVwnm. o.12 H$mH$Vmbr`ËdmV² Z Vñ`m… à_mËd{Zdm©hmÀb_² B{V {XH²$.

Cn{_{VñVw gmÑí`m{XghH¥$VopÝÐ`mW©-g§gJ©OÝ ¡d.

emãX_{n, eãXñ` {ZË`_² AW©gå~ÕËdmV²Ÿ-ŸVoZŸnm.ô.13 Mjwam{XdV²nXmWm}npñWVo…, eãXmW©OÝ`_odo{VŸ-ŸZ Šdm{n Aì`mpßV…. B{V gwîRw>….

Ho${MÎm w *ŸVÛ{V VXdJm{hËd§ `mWmÏ`©_². VÀM VÛ{Ûeoî`H$Ëdo g{VVËàH$maH$Ëd_². ZM *ŸEd§ d{•-JwÄOmnwÄO`mo… ""B_m¡ JwÄOmnwÄOd•r'' B{V{dnarV «_o dô³ §eo d{•ËddX²-{deoî`H$Ëdñ` JwÄOm§eo d{•ËdàH$maH$Ëdñ` MgÎdmV² VÌm{n à_mËdmn{Îm…Ÿ* e‘>çm, VÛpÝZîR>-{deoî`Vm-{Zê${nV-VpÝZîR>-

àH$maVm-em{bËdñ` {dd{jVËdmV². Ed§ ewŠVmd{n H$m{bH$m{Xgå~ÝYoZaOVËddÎdñ` gÎdmX² aOV «_o ""aOV§ g§ moJgå~ÝYoZ aOVËddX²'' B{V gå~ÝY «_oM A{Vì`mpßVdmaUm` C^`Ì VËgå~ÝYmdpÀN>ÝZËd_{n {ZdoeZr`_². VWmMVËgå~ÝYmdpÀN>ÝZ-VÛpÝZîR>-{deoî`Vm-{Zê${nV-VËg- å~ÝYmdpÀN>ÝZ-VpÝZîR>-àH$maVmem{b-kmZËd§ VXW©… \$b{VŸ* B{V Amhþ…ŸŸnm. o.14.

VV² Z, g§e`ñ`m{n `WmW©ËdmnÎmo… ZM *ŸVX§eo gmo@{n `WmW©EdŸ* B{VdmÀ`§, VWmg{V Ad{eï>m§eo ^«_Ëd_od Vñò{V g§e`moÀN>oXmnÎmo…. ZM*Ÿ «_à_mgmYmaUkmZñ` g§e`ËdmV² Z CÀN>oX…Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §, kmZñ` JwUËdmV²{Za§eËdoZ EH$ñ` C^`mË_H$Vm`m… dŠVw_² AeŠ`ËdmV². AVEd emImdÀN>oXoZH${ng§ moJd{V d¥jo ""_ybo d¥j… H${ng§ moJr'' B{V àË``ñ`m{n ZŸ{Q>.1 AZ`m{Xem à_mËd§ {H$ÝVw "EH$Xoe{dH¥$V'Ÿ{Q>.2Ý`mòZ B{V ~moÜ`_². AÝ`Wmnwamod{V©Ëdg_yhmbå~ZmÚ§eo «__mÌñ` VÛ{V VXdJm{hËdoZ A§eV… àm_mÊ`ñ`gÎdmV² Ho$db «_… CXmhVw©_² AeŠÈd ñ`mV². Zm{n VÛ{V-VÝ_mÌàH$mamdJm{hËd§VÛ{V-VËàH$maH${ZíM`Ëd§ dm VV²Ÿ, {Z{d©H$ënHo$ Aì`mßVo…, Vñ`Y_©ñdê$n_mÌmdJm{hËdoZ VÛÎmmÚZdJm{hËdmX²nm.ô.15,

AdJmho {Z{d©H$ënVm-hm{Zàg“mV². ZM *Vñ` Z bú`Ëd_²Ÿ* B{V dmÀ`_²Ÿ,A`WmW©ËdmnÎmo…. ZM BîQ>mn{Îm…, VÁOÝ`g{dH$ënH$ñ`m{n VWmËdmnÎmo…. Vñ_mX²CŠV_od bjU_² B{V {ZíMo _².

ZM Ed§ ñ_¥Vo… A`WmW©Ëdmn{Îm…, naåna`m Vñ`mA{n AW©_² AZ{VH«$å ¡dOm`_mZËdmV². ZM VWm g{V Vñ`m… à_mUËdmn{Îm…, AYm©“m^mdmV²Ÿnm.ô.16,kmZñ` AW©àH$meê$nËdoZ AW©ñ` VXYm“"ËdmV². AVmo AÝVa{dÚ_mZmZm_{nAZw yVg_mZmZm§ nXmWm©Zm§Ÿnm. o.17 _m``m AÝV… CnñWmnZo Vñ`m… VËghH¥$VËdmX².`Wm {eamo@{V[aŠVgdm©d`dgånyU©… {H«$`m§ Hw$d©ÝZ{n Xoh… {eamohrZËdmV² H$~ÝYEd,

33 34

VWm ñ_¥{V… kmZê$nm{n àd¥Î`m{XH$m ª OZ ³Ë`{n AWm© mdmV² Z {ZíM`ê$no{V"AZw d'ŸnXoZ Vñ`mA{n {Zamg….

AZw dñVw ñ_¥{V{^ÝZ§ kmZ§, gmjmËà_mUOÝ §Ÿnm. o.18 kmZ§ dm. gmjmÎdÄMŠb¥ßVÛmam{V[aŠVmZÝV[aVËd_². VoZ Z AZw{_Ë`mXm¡ Aì`mpßV…,

1. VWmM CŠV§ Ý`mèmñÌo. VWm{h VH©$J«ÝWo {MÝVm_{UZm CŠV§ ""gÎmH$m©X²ì`mpßVà_m. VXm^mgmV² VXà_m'' B{V. dpôZì`mß`Yy_o AgÎmH©$… àd¥Îmmo ""Yy_mo`{X dpôZì`{^Mm[a Ðì § ñ`mX²'' BË`mH$ma…. VoZ Yy_o ì`mpßVà_m VoZ O{ZVm.Vñ`m_²... VH©$ñ` M Aì`{^Mma… B{V Am{jßV§ VXwn[a g_m{hV§ ""_w»`{deofoà_mËdKQ>H$gå~ÝYoZ {deofUdÎm¡d à_mËdà`mo{OHo${V Z gÎmH©$ì`{^MmamX²''B{V. VX²J«ÝWmon[a AJ«o dmZÝX^Å>mMm £… {b{IV§ ""VX“mXm¡ H$am{X_ÎmmJ«hH$mbo@{nH$am{Xì`mß`nwéfdÎmmkmZmË_H${deofXe©Zà_o`m nwéfËdà_m {Zam~mYm'' B{V.A§eVmo@{n «_mË_H$ñ`m{n kmZñ` à_mËd_od ^dmZÝX¡… Aä wnoV§ g“ÀN>VoŸ(Am)Ÿ.2. ""EH$Xoe{dH¥$V_² AZÝ`dX² ^d{V''(ŸÐ. : wd.bm¡{H$.Ý`m.gm.350Ÿ)Ÿ(í`m).

"gmjmV²'ŸnXoZ¡d M ñ_¥Voa{n {Zamg…. AZw dgyú_mdñWmê$nñ` g§ñH$mañÀZw d-VX²Üd§g`mo… M Šb¥ßVÛmamZÝV…nm{VËdmV². Ûmam{UVw AJ«o VÎmËàñVmdodmÀ`m{Z. "à_mU'ŸnXÄM kmZH$aUna§, VoZ g§e`mXo… g§J«h…. ZM *Ÿñ_¥{V{Zamgm`MoX² "AZw d'nX§, V{h© ""ñ_¥{V{^ÝZ§ kmZ_² AZw d…'' BË od bjU§ bKwËdmX²AmXaUr`_²Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §, ""g§ñH$maOÝ § kmZ§ ñ_¥{V…'' B{V ñ_¥{VbjUmZ“rH$mañÀJ«o ànÄMZr`ËdoZ JwéËd_² A“rH¥$Ë ¡d Añ` AmXaUmX² B{V {XH²$.

VÀM {ZíM`mË_H § $ kmZ § àË`jnam oj^ oX oZ {Û{dY_ ². VÌBpÝÐ`mW©gËgåà`moJOÝ §{Q>.1 kmZ§nm. o.19 àË`j_². EVXod bmoHo$ "gmjmËH$ma'ŸnXoZCÀ`Vo. B©ídakmZÝVw Z bú`_². eãXmX² AnamojÄM Z wpŠVgh_² B{V CnnmX{`î`Vo.""gZ² M Agm¡ gåà`moJ…nm.ô.20 M'' B{V g_mg…Ÿ••Ÿ_m{`H$-{df`J«mhH$-

gm_½a²çà{VhV… B{V AW©…. VoZ g§e`mXo…{Zamg…. VÌ gËgåà`moJñ`nm.ô.21

AgÎdmX² Xwï>ËdmX² B{V AW©…. `Îmw ""à_mUM¡VÝ`ñ` {df`M¡VÝ`m oX… àË`j_²''B{V _V§ VX² Cn[aï>mX² kmZmoËn{Îmà{H«$`m`m§Ÿnm. o.22 {ZagZr`_².

Vñ_mX² CŠV_od àË`jbjU_². g§e`mXm¡ àË`jËdì`dhmañVwgmÑí`{Z~ÝYZmo Jm¡U…. VËgpÄOK¥jm`mÝVw "gV²'ŸnX§ Ë`mÁ`_². VX²{^ÝZ§ kmZ§namoj_². EV`mo… oXm… AJ«o dmÀ`m….

g{dH$ënH$kmZo amOgamOgkmZê$n… Vwar`… àH$ma… ñ_¥{V… :

ñ_¥{VñVw ""g§ñH$ma_mÌOÝ § kmZ_²''. {ZÐm~{h[apÝÐ`mOÝ`Ëdonm. o.23 g{Vg§ñH$maOÝ`_² B{V `mdV². VoZ Z d¥Î`ÝVao A{Vì`mpßV…. `Ûmnm. o.24 g§ñH$maËdoZg§ñH$maOÝ § kmZ§ ñ_¥{V…. àË`{^kmXo… ghH$m[aËdoZ g§ñH$maOÝ`ËdmV² Z VÌA{Vì`mpßV…. ZM *Ÿ^mdZmg§ñH$mañ` {gÕmÝVo AZ“rH$mamX²

1. ""gËgåà`m oJ o n wéfñ` BpÝÐ`mUm § ~w{ÕOÝ`VËàË`j{Z{_Îm §{dÚ_mZmonbå^ZËdm{X{V'' (Ÿ1Ÿ&1Ÿ&4Ÿ) O¡{_{ZgyÌo@{n BX_od bjU§ {gÜ`{V(H$).

Agå^d…Ÿ* B{V e‘>ç_²Ÿ, AZw dgyú_mdñWmê$nñ` g§ñH$mañ` A“rH$mamX²B{V CŠV_². ZM *""gÚmoZï>ñ_¥{VJm}nr'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&8Ÿ&44Ÿ) BË`ÌAZw dmì`d{hVmoÎma_{n ñ_¥Ë`“rH$mamV² VXmZt M gyú_mdñWmZwnnÎmo… VmÑeì`ŠVm¡Aì`mpßV…Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §, Vñ`m… Abm¡{H$H$brbmÝV…nm{VËdoZ AÌ Abú`ËdmV².Vñ`mA{n bú`ËdoVw ""AZw d{^ÝZ§ kmZ§ ñ_¥{V…'' B{V bjU_². *ZZw Ed§g{Vñ_¥{VOZH$VmdÀN>oXH$mŸ{Q>.1ŸZZwJ_…Ÿ* B{V MoV²Ÿ, Z, AZw dËdñ ¡d AdÀN>oXH$ËdmX²Ÿ,AdñWm`m… ñdê$n oXmZmnmXH$ËdmV². ZM *AdÀN>oXH$Jm¡ad_²Ÿ!Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §,àm_m{UH$ËdmV² nXmWm©ÝVaê$n-g§ñH$mamZ“rH$maoU àË`wV bmKdmV² M. *ŸZZwAZw^dmì`d{hVmoÎmajUo `m ñ_¥{V… gm CnZrV^mZê$n¡d A“rH$m`m©. ZM"ñ_¥{V'ŸnX{damoY…, ""ñ_¥{V(à{V)båô… gd©J«ÝWrZm§ {dà_moj…''nm.ô.25

35 36

(ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.7Ÿ&26Ÿ&2Ÿ) B{V lwVm¡ "ñ_¥{V'ŸnXñ` _moMH$gmjmËH$manaËdoZm{nì`m»`mZoZ AÝ`Ìm{nŸnm. o.26 VWm dŠVw§ eŠ`ËdmX²Ÿ* B{V MoV²Ÿ, Z, bmj{UH$ËdmX²Ÿ,AmO©doZ {gÕm¡VX“rH$mañ` A`wŠVËdmV². {H$ÄM AÌ CnZrV^mZËdm“rH$maoñ_¥{VËdmoÀN>oXàg“…, ^mdZmg§ñH$mamonZrVËdñ` gd©Ì dŠVw§ eŠ`ËdmV². ZM*ŸkmZm{V[aŠVñ` CnZm`H$Ëdm^mdmV² Z VWmŸ* B{V dmÀ`_²Ÿ, Aà`moOH$ËdmV²Ÿ,Šb¥ßV_mZmÚ^mdo@{n kmZOZH$Ëdñ` CnZm`H$ËdoZ g§ñH$mao@{n VËgÎdmV². *ŸZZwEd§ ñ_¥Vo… CnZrV^mZê$nËdo AZw^mdmÝV…nm{VËdoZ "AZw^dm{_' B{VAZwì`dgm`mn{Îm…Ÿ* B{V MoV²Ÿ, Z, AZw^dËdgm_mÝò@{n AZw{_Ë`ZÝVa_²"AZw{_Zmo{_' B{V AZwì`dgm`mX²Ÿ, "AZw dm{_' BË`ñ` A^mdmV² M, VWmAmnmX{`Vw_² AeŠ`ËdmV². AV… CnZrV^mZËddmaUm` AZw d{^ÝZËdñ ¡d ê$nñ`"ñ_am{_' B{V AZ wì`dgm`à`m oOH$Ëd oZ Cn o`ËdmV ² . Vñ`MAZw dmì`d{hVmoÎmaŸnm. o.27^m{dÝ`m_{n Vwë`ËdmV²Ÿ, Vñ`m{n Z CnZrV^mZËd_².àH¥$Vm`mñVw AZwì`dgr`_mZËdm^mdo@{n dmŠ`àm_mÊ`mXod ñ_¥{VËd_² Adgr`VB{VZ e‘>mboe….

{H$ÄM, A{V[aŠV-g§ñH$ma-dm{X-_VoVw g§ñH$mañ` A{g{Õaod. VWm{h

1. {Z`m_H$_²Ÿ(A).

g§ñH$madm{XZm gdm}Ën{Îm_pÝZ{_ÎmH$maUËdoZ AÑï>ñ`m{n ñ_¥{VhoVmo… dŠVì`ËdoAmdí`H$ËdmV² bmKdmV² M VXod AñVwŸ,{Q>.1 H¥$V§ g§ñH$maoU A{V[aŠVoZ.

*ŸZZw AZw dOÝ`_² AÑï>§, ñ_¥{VOZH$_² CV AZw dOZH§$Ÿ? Z AmÚ…,AZw dñ` AÑï>OZH$ËdoZ A{d{hVËdmX²Ÿ, A{d{hVoZm{n XwaÑï>dX² A“rH$mao@{n,ghH$m[aUmo AÝ`ñ` A^mdoZ AZw dñ` M Zï>ËdoZ ñ_¥Ë`ZwX`àg“mV²Ÿnm. o.28. Z{ÛVr`mo, AZw d§ {dZm{n ñ_¥{Vàg“mV². AVmo AÝ`WmZwnnÎ`m AZw dì`mnmaËdoZg§ñH$ma{g{Õ…Ÿ* B{V MoV²Ÿ, Z, AZw d-VX²Üd§g`mo… AÝ`Vañ` ghH$m[aËdgå^dmV²Ÿ,

Ëd`m{n gÑemXo… AZZwJVñ ¡d CX²~moYH$ñ`Ÿ{Q>.2 A“rH$mamV². ZM *Ÿà{V`mo{J-VX^md`mo… EH$H$m`m©OZH$ËdmV²Ÿ{Q>.3Ÿ Z Ed_²Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §, ì`pŠV oXoZ AXmofmV².ZM *EH$OmVr o@{n VWmŸ{Q>.4* B{V dmÀ §, kmZOmVr o VX^mdmV²Ÿ, KQ>VX^md-g_yhmbå~ZXe©ZmV². *ŸZZw VÌ V`mo… {df`ËdoZ H$maUËd_² AVmo Z Xmof…,àH¥$VoVwŸnm. o.29 Z VWo{V VÎmÐynoU¡dnm. o.30 H$maUËd§ dmÀ §, VWm g{V H$maUr yVm^md-à{V`mo{JËdñ` à{V~ÝYH$nXmW©ËdoZ ñ_¥{VH$maUr^yVÜd§gŸnm.ô.31-à{V`mo{JZmoAZw dñ` ñ_¥{Và{V~ÝYH$Ëdmn{Îm…Ÿ* B{V MoV²Ÿ, Z, à{V~ÝYH$g§gJm© mdËdoZ¡dà{V~ÝYH$m^mdñ` hoVwV`m Vñ` g§gJm©^mdËdoZ à{V~ÝYH$earaKQ>H$ËdmV²Ÿ,àH ¥ $V oM Üd §gËd oZnm.^ o.32 H$ maUËdmX ² Üd §gà{V`m o {JZm o AZ w^dñ`ñ_¥{VH$maUËdmZnm`mV². ZM *ŸAZw^dËdoZ H$maUËdo CnojmË_H$mZw^dmX{nŸ*

ñ_¥Ë`mn{Îm…, CnojmÝ`Ëdñ`m{n VÌ {deofUr`ËdmV². *ŸZZw MmjwfËdm{XZm gm‘>`m©X²CnojmËdñ` EH$ñ` A^mdoZ VÎmX²ì`pŠVËdmdpÀN>ÝZ-à{V`mo{JVmH$- oXHy$Q>ñ ¡d{ZdoeZr`V`m ñ_¥{VOZH$Vm`m§ gdmªemonojmôXo Am§{eH$monojmôXmZm_² EH$Ì{Zdoeàg“ oZ Vofm § {_Wmo {deofU{deoî`^mdo {d{ZJ_ZmŸnm.ô.33Ÿ{dahoUH$m`©H$maU^mdmZ³Ë`àg“mV²Ÿ-Ÿg§ñH$mam“rH$maoVw g§ñH$maOZH$VmdÀN>oXH$H$moQ>m¡gdmªemonojm oXmZm§ ñ_¥{VOZH$VmdÀN>oXH$H$moQ>m¡ M Am§{eH$monojm oXmZm§ {ZdoeoZEH$Ì Vofm_² A{ZdoemV² bmKd{_{VŸ-

1. AÑï>_od H$maU_² AñVwŸ(Am). 2. ŸgÑemÑîQ>{MÝVmÚm… ñ_¥{V~rOñ`~moYH$m…Ÿ(H$). 3. EH$ì`ŠËÒZH$ËdmV²Ÿ(Am). 4. à{V`mo{JVX^mdmo ÒZH$Vm^md…B{V AW©…Ÿ(A). EH$OmVr o KQ>mXm¡ VWm EH$H$m`m©OZH$Ëd_²Ÿ(Am).

bmKd~boZ g§ñH$ma… goËñ`{VŸ* B{V MoV ² Ÿ, Z, {gÕo g§ñH$ma oVÁOZH${dMmaXem`m§ ~wÜ`_mZñ` VXdÀN>oXH$bmKdñ` VX{gÕç¡d namhVËdmV².Jwamoa{n H$m ©H$maU^mdñ` Y_©ËdoZ VXnoj`mŸnm. o.34 Y_u yV-g§ñH$ma-H$ënZm`mEdàË` wV J wéËdmX ² Ÿ {Q > .1, Cn ojmËdñ` AIÊS > m on m {YËdm“ rH$ ma o Ÿ nm.^ o .35Ÿ

37 38

VXdpÀN>ÝZà{V`mo{JVmH$ oXñ`Ÿnm. o.36 EH$ËdmV²Ÿ, Hy$Q>m{ZdoeoZ g§ñH$mamZ“rH$Vw©aodbmKdmV² M.

{H$ÄMŸ{Q>.2 Ed§ OZH$VmdÀN>oXH$ôXo gdmªemonojmŸnm.ô.37 Ý`mZw^dñ`ñ_¥ËÒZH$ËdmV² gdmªeñ_¥{Va{n Z ñ`mV². VWmM àË`j{damoY… VmÑeg§ñH$mamV²goËñ`{V B{V MoV²Ÿ, V{h© AmJV_od ì`mnm[aËdoZ VmÑemZw dñ` OZH$Ëd{_{VAnmW©… à`mg…. AIÊS>monm{YËdmZ“rH$maoVw àd¥{Îm{Zd¥ÎÒZH$m{Xê$nmX{n AZw dmV²ñ_¥{VXe©ZoZ, VX{V[aŠVmonojmgÎdEd _mZm^mdmX²Ÿ, AZw^dËdoZH$maUËd_²AàË`yh_odo{V H¥$V§ g§ñH$maoU B{V {XH²$. ZM Ed§ `mJOmnydm©{g{Õ…, lwË`m`mJñ` H$aUËd~moYZoZ VX^mdñ` VWmËdm`moJmV². dñVwVñVw bm¡{H$H${H«$``m`mJñ` A{^ì`pŠV…, ZV w {H « $` ¡d `mJ…, ""`km o d ¡ {dîU w …''(ŸV ¡ {Îm.~ « m÷.1Ÿ&2Ÿ&5Ÿ&1Ÿ) B{V lwV o… B{V AÝ`Ì {dñVa…. AVm oA{V[aŠVg§ñH$mam^mdmV² Z Z¡ m{`H$moŠV§ bjU_².

g{dH$ënH$kmZo amOgVm_gkmZê$n… nÄM_… àH$ma… ñdmn…, gwfwpßVñVwñdßZmdmÝVa oX… :

àH¥$V_² AZwgam_…. ñdmnñVw ""ñdßZg¥pîQ>{df`H§$ kmZ§,'' VoZ Z nydm}ŠVofw

AÝV^m©d…Ÿnm. o.38. ZM *ŸOmJ«X²ÑîQ>mZm_od ñdßZo@{n Xe©ZmV² Z gm AÝ`mŸ* B{Ve‘>ç§, ñd{eaÀN>oXXe©Zm{X{damoYmV². ZM *H$V¥©H$aUmÚ^mdmV² gm ZmpñVŸ* B{VdmÀ §, ""Z VÌ aWm Z aW`moJm Z nÝWmZmo ^d³Ë`W aWmZ² aW`moJmZ² nW… g¥OVo''(Ÿ~¥h.Cn.4Ÿ&3Ÿ&10Ÿ) BË`m{Xlw{V{^… g³Ü`ñWmZog¥pîQ>H$WZmX²Ÿ, ^JdVEd VÌH$V¥©ËdmV² _m`m`m… M H$aUËdmV²

1. bmKd~boZ g§ñH$magmYZo A{g{Õnamh{V… ZmñVrË`Vmo XyfUmÝVa§ Jwamoa{nB{VŸ(H$). 2. nXmW©Jm¡ado@{n à{Vn{ÎmbmKd_² AñVrË`Vmo XyfUmÝVa_²Ÿ(H$).

Vñ`mEd M CnmXmZËdmV². ZM *Xr{jVoZ ñdßZo AÝZ^moOZo H¥$Voàm`píMÎm{dYmZmV² H$W§ Vñ`m… _m{`H$Ëd_²Ÿ* B{V dmÀ §, emñÌoU `kH$_©Ê odH$V©¥Ëdo {Z`{_Vo {Z{fÕñ` ^moOZñ` à{VÀN>m`ê$no@{n Vpñ_Z² Amamo{nV_²Am{^_m{ZH$H$V¥©Ëd_{n Xmofmdh_² B{V A{^àmòU VXwŠVo…. ZM *Ÿg§dm{X-XodVmkm{X-Xe©ZmV² Z _m`mËd_²Ÿ* B{V e‘>ç§, OrdmZm_²Ÿ, BÝÐmXrZm_²`moJm{Xgm_Ï ©dVm_²Ÿ, AÝVö©{X àdoemV²; gd©g_W©ñ` ^JdV… M ì`mnH$ËdoZ{dÚ_mZËdmV²Ÿ, VXmkmXo… A_m{`H$Ëdo@{n à_o`~bmXod VmÑ½kmZ-gå^do@{ngd©Ì A_m{`H$Ëdñ` AmnmX{`Vw_² AeŠ`ËdmV². OmJ[aVo XmofdemV² Šd{MV²_m{`H$ñ od ñdßZo@{n CŠVJwUdemV² gË`ñ`m{n Šd{MV² Xe©Z{gÕo… M. Vñ_mV²ñdmpßZH$s g¥pîQ>… _m`m_mÌ§ Z dñVw yVm B{V {ZíM`…. VX² Cnnm{XV§ g³Ü`m{YH$aUo(Ÿ~«.gy.3Ÿ&2Ÿ&1Ÿ) ì`mgnmX¡….

_mÜdmñVwŸ, *ŸV{Ûf`H§$ kmZ§ {_Ï`m B{V dXÝV…, ñdßZg¥qï> gË`m§{ZénmXm{ZH$m§ M (Ÿ~«.gy._m.^m.3Ÿ&2Ÿ&1-4Ÿ) Amhþ…. `Wm{h : {MÝVm-_{U-H$m_YoZw-H$ënVdm©{Xä`… nXmWm©… {MÝVm_mÌmV² {Z{_ÎmmX² C{ÎmîR>ÝVo, VÌ Z{MÝVm_Ê`mXrZm_² CnmXmZËd§, {d{H«$`m`m… AXe©ZmV²Ÿ, VWm ñdßZo@{nŸ* B{V(Ÿà{VnmX`pÝV!Ÿ).

VX² Aemo^Z§, VWm g{V {MÝVm_Ê`mÚwËnÝZmZm{_d ñdmpßZH$mZm_{n{MaH$mbñWm{`Ëdmn{Îm…, ñdßZo ñd{eaÀN>oXÐîQw>… Xe©Zñ` {_Ï`mËdo@{n N>oXñ`VmpÎdH$ËdmV² _aUmn{Îm… M, AZwnmXmZH$ËdoZ AÝ`ñ` earañ` A“rH$mao@{nAW©{H«$`mÝVam^mdmX² A{MañWm{`ËdmV² g³Ü`m{YH$aU (Ÿ~«.gy.3Ÿ&2Ÿ&1Ÿ) {damoYmX²EoÝÐOm{bH$m{Xîd{n gË`ËdmnmVmV² M. AV… VÌ A`ñH$mÝVŸ{Q>.1Ý`mòZVÎmËg_dmæ`mH$f©H$Ëd_od dmÀ`_². kmZÝVw V{Ûf`H§$ gË`_od Vñ` AmË_ê$nËdmX².AÌ AmË_m ""ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V ©d{V'' (Ÿ~¥h.Cn.4Ÿ&3Ÿ&9,14Ÿ) B{V lwVo… B{V {XH²$.

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gwfwpßVñVw ñdßZñ ¡d AdmÝVa oX…. VÌ AmË_ñ\w$aUÝVw ñdVEd.

1. A`_ ² Ý`m`… CXmgrZËd o H$_ ©àdV ©H $Ëd{ddjm`m_ ²AdVa{V...(Ÿ w,bmo.Ý`m.gm.919Ÿ)Ÿ(í`m)Ÿ.

{MÝVmXrZm_² {gÕmÝVm{^_V§ ñdê$n_² :

{MÝVmVw {dH$ëngå_mohmpË_H$m gå^mdZm`m_²Ÿ, D$hmnmohmpË_H$m_mZgg§e oŸnm. o.39, Ü`mZmpË_H$m ñ_aUo, {Z{deVB{V Z A{V[aŠVm.

õr^rà ¥V`ñVw Ah§H$mad¥Îm`mo Z kmZ{deofm….

""gmo@ § XodXÎm…'' BË`m{XàË`{^kmVw {ZíMÈd. Aä`mgOÝ o ÑT>àVr{Vê$nokmZo `Wm nydm©Zw^dg§ñH$ma… ghH$mar VWm àË`{^km`m§ ñ_¥{V… ghH$m[aUr,{deofUVmdÀN>oXH$-àH$maH${ZíM`ËdmWªŸnm. o.40 Vñ`m… Adí`_² AnojUmV². AVmo`Wm AZwJ«mhH$mÝVaàdoeo@{n `WmWm©Zw^dËdmZnm`mX² Aä`mgkmZ§ {ZíM`ê$n§VWm ñ_¥Ë`m {df oU M nyd©pñWVkmZñ`Ÿnm. o.41 CÔrnZmV² àË`{^km{n B{V ko _².àË`{^km`m… g§ñH$maOÝ`Ëdnjo@{n Vñ`m…AZwJ«mhH$ËdoZ g§ñH$maOÝ`ËdmV²Ÿ, ñ_¥VoñVwg§ñH$maËdoZ g§ñH$maOÝ`ËdmV²Ÿ, "_mÌ'ŸnXmXmZo@{n ñ_¥{bjUñ` Z A{Vì`mpßV…BË`{n ko _².

^«_à_mg_yhmbå~ZÝVw ""EH$X oe{dH¥ $V_ ² AZÝ`dX² ^d{V''(Ÿ^wd.bm¡{H$.Ý`m.gm.350Ÿ)B{V Ý`mòZ ^«_m{YŠò {dn`m©gEd à_m{YŠò M{ZíM`…. EdÄM `Ìnm.ô.42 emImdÀN>oXoZ d¥jo H${ng§`moJmo _ybmdÀN>oXoZ MH${ng§ moJàË``… VÌm{n nydm}ŠVÝ`m`mV² à_mê$nV¡d ZVw Z¡ m{`H$moŠVarË`m.

EdÄM XméXÝVm{X{Z{_©V_yVm£ {MÌmXm¡ M `m Vwa“àVr{V… gm{n à_m{YŠ`mV²{ZíM`ê$n¡d ZVw Amä`mo A{YH$m.

VW¡d ZQ>o@{nŸnm. o.43 `m gm_m{OH$mZm§ am_m{XàVr{V… gm AZwH$m ©am{hË o@{n`WmemñÌ-doe{H«$`mZwH¥${V-{Z{_ÎmH$ËdmV² gm_m{OH$agmo×moYH$ËdmV² M à_m{YHo${Và_mê$n¡d. EVoZ¡d XodVmàVr{Va{n ì`m»`mVm ko m.

`ÌVw ""B_o a“aOVo'' B{V gmå § VÌ nydm}ŠVÝ`m`ñ`Ÿnm. o.44 VyîUrH$ËdmX²«_à_mÝ`Vaê$nVm Z dŠVw§ eŠ o{V g_mZê$nV`m gå^mdZmdV² g§e`… B{V

g§jon….

Ÿ&&ŸB{V à_màg“oZ kmZ oXm… {dMm[aVm…Ÿ&&

B{V àñWmZaËZmH$añ` à_mUn[aÀN>oXo à_mUñdê$n~moYm¡n{`H$kmZ-

oXmon oXH$ëbmobo nÄM{dY-~w{Õd¥{Îm-{Zê$nH$… MVwW©… Va“…

àW_… H$ëbmobíM gånyU©…

nmR>ôXmdbr

1. ñdmn oXmX² B{V H$ J K L> nmR>ofw. 2. gmh{OH$ñ ¡d B{V M nmR>…. 3.H$mo{Q>H$ B{V H$ J M nmR>ofw. 4. Vñ`mEd "^mdmV²' B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 5.ewÕmË_m B{V M nmR>o. 6. VH©$ B{V "bjUmV²' B{V H$ nmR>…. 7. gå^mdZmW©H$"qbJ'B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 8. ì`mpßV_yb^yVñ`"Vw' B{V A H$ I nmR>ofwAZwnbä`_mZmo@{n J K L> M nmR>mZwgmaoU J¥hrV…. 9. H$maUXmofmV² B{V Am InmR>`mo…. 10. VËnydm}ËnÝZñ` B{V Am I K L> M nmR>ofw. 11. BpÝÐ`g§g¥ï>o@{nB{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 12. dpôZì`mpßVñVw B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 13.

41 42

VoZM B{V J M nmR>`mo…. 14. Amhþ… B{V J K M nmR>ofw. 15. VX²dÎmmÚdJm{hËdmV²B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. VX²dÎmmÚZdJmhmV² B{V H$ nmR>…. 16. AYmªJr^mdmV²B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 17. nXmWm©Zm_² B{V I nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 18.gmjmËà_mUOÝ § "kmZ§' B{V H$ nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 19. gËg§à`moJOÝ § "kmZ§'B{V H$ nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 20. "gZ² Mmgm¡ à`moJíM' B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ….21. VÌ g§à`moJñ` B{V A H$ M VËgåà`moJñ` B{V Am I ggåà`moJñ` B{VK L> nmR>ofw d¡{dÜ`_². 22. kmZmoËn{Îm{H«$`m`m_² B{V H$ nmR>ñVw Ag_rMrZ….23. ~{h[apÝÐ`mOÝ`Ëdo g{V "g§ñH$maOÝ`Ëd_²' B{V H$ nmR>…. 24."`X²dm...A{Vì`mpßV…' BË oVmdVr n§pŠV… A ì`{V[aŠVofw gd}îd{n nmR>ofw AmnmR>r`g§emoYZ_y{bH$m. 25. ñ_¥{Và{Vbå o...à{d_moj… B{V gd}fw nmR>ofw J¥hrVñVwà{gÕ… Am¡n{ZfXnmR>…. 26. ì`m»`mZoZ "AÌm{n' B{V H$ nmR>…. 27. AZw dm`{d{hVmoÎma B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕEd. 28. ñ_¥Ë`ZwnXàg“mX² B{V H$ nmR>ñVwAewÕ…. 29. àH¥$Vo "Vw' B{V H$ nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 30. VÐynoU¡d B{V H$ nmR>….31. ñ_¥{VH$aUr yVVX²Üd§g B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 32. VX²Üd§gËdoZ B{V H$nmR>…. 33. {d{ZJ_m{dahoU B{V H$ nmR>…. 34. VXnojm B{V Am I nmR>`mo….35. AIÊS>monm{YVm§JrH$mao B{V H$ nmR>…. 36. VXdpÀN>ÝZà{V`mo{JVm oX B{VH$ nmR >ñV w AewÕ…. 37. gdm ©em on oVmÝ`mZ w^dñ` B{V H$ nmR >….gdmªemonojmÝ`mZw dñ_¥ËÒZH$ËdmX² B{V Am I nmR>`mo…. 38. nydm}ŠVo@ÝV^m©d…B{V H$ nmR>…. 39. _mZgg§e`m o B{V I nmR>ñV w AewÕ…. 40.{deofUVmdÀN>oXH$àH$maH$"{ZíM`mW©' B{V I nmR>…. 41. kmZñ ¡d B{V H$ MnmR>o. 42. Ed§ M "`Ì' B{V H$ nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 43. Zao@{n B{V H$ nmR>ñVwgd©Wm AewÕ…. 44. nyd©Ý`m`ñ` B{V H$ nmR>….

&&à‘mH$aUñdê$n{Zê$nH$mo H$ëbmob…&&

*H$aUH$maUgm‘mÝ`ñdê$n{Zê$nH$… AmÚ… Va“…*

BXmZt H$aU§ Vñ`m… dŠVw§ H$aU‘wÀ`Vo&&{Q>.1

VÌ VmdX² ""ì`mnmadX² AgmYmaU§ H$maU§nm.ô.1 H$aU‘²''. H$maUËdÄMAm{d^m©dH$eŠË`mYmaËd‘²nm. o.2. CnmXmZñW§nm. o.3 H$m ª `m ì`dhmaJmoMa§ H$amo{Vgm epŠV… Am{d^m©{dH$m. Am{d^m©díM ì`dhma`mo½`Ëd§, {Vamo mdíM VX`mo½`Ëd‘².Vo Ûo `Ú{n ^JdV… eŠVr ""Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdm¡ eŠVr d¡ ‘wad¡[aU…'' ( ) B{V""‘ yampíM{ÌVm oZ'' ( ) B{V M dmŠ`mX² Am{d^m©d`Vr{V "Am{d^m©d…' B{VAWm ©V ², VWm{n ^JdVm {d^Á` VÌ-VÌ ñWm{nVB{V Vñ`-Vñ`VÎmXm{d^m©dH$ËdmV² VÎmÀN>pŠVËd‘²nm. o.4 CÀ`Vo. VWmËdÄM EH$mXeñH$ÝYo CŠV‘²""AãO`mo{Z''‘² CnH«$å` ""{d{ebîQ>epŠV~©hþYod ^m{V ~rOm{Z `moqZ à{VnÚ`ÛX²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&20) B{V H$WZmV². EdÄM ì`dhmao Ì Xm{d^m©{dH$mepŠV… VV² Vñ` H$maU§, `ñ` M `Vmo ì`dhma`mo½`Ëd§ VV² Vñ` H$m ©‘². BXÄM`Wm VWm Am{d^m©d{Vamo mddmXo ànpÄMV‘² Añ‘m{^…. EVoZ¡d Hw$bmb{nVwa{nZ H$maUVm B{V {gÕ§, ’$bmonYmZm^mdmV².

`Îmw ""AZÝ`Wm{gÕ-{Z`Vnyd©d{V©Ëd§ H$maUËd‘²'' Amhþ…{Q>.2 VV² Z,n yd ©d{V ©Ëdñ` H$m` ©gmn ojËdmV ² H$m` ©ñ` M {Z`VníMmX ²^m{dËdmX ²AÝ`moÝ`ml`J«mgmX². AZÝ`Wm{gÕËdñ` AÝ`Wm{gÕ{^ÝZËdoZ, AÝ`Wm{gÕo…M AÝ`Ì J¥hrVH$maUVmH$Ëdê$nËdoZ, VÌm{n Añ ¡d H$maUbjUñ` dŠVì`ËdmX²AmË‘ml`mnÎmoíM. Zm{n "H$maU§-H$maU‘²' B{V AZwJVmH$ma-

1.""{dMma{`Vw‘wÚ‘…'' BË`pñ‘Z² ñWmZo ""dŠVw§ H$aU‘wÀ`Vo'' B{V AAmemoY{ZH$m. VoZ à‘m`m… H$aU§ dŠVw§ H$aUgm‘mÝ`ñdê$n‘² CÀ`Vo B{V AW©…(í`m).2.Z¡`m{`H$m…(H$).

àVr{V-gm{jH$-Om{V-{deof… VX², A^mdo@{nnm. o.5 Vñ` A“rH$maoU OmVoaodAeŠ`dMZËdmX ² . AIÊS > m on m {YËdÝV w AJ{VH$J{V…. Zm{n

43 44

H$m`m©ZwH¥$VmÝd`ì`{Vao{H$Ëd§ VV², ‘ybH$maUo AmH$memXmo M Aì`mßVo…nm.ô.6.VÎmÝ‘Vo Vñ`-Vñ` {ZË`{d wËdoZ H$mbV… XoeV… M Aì`{VaoH$mV². ZM *`V²H$maUËdoZ {dÛX²{^… ì`d{õ`Vo VX² AmXm` bjUg“{V…* B{V dmÀ §, VWm{nCŠVXmofmZnm`mV². Vñ‘mX²nm. o.7 CŠV‘od H$maUbjU‘².

H$maUo (1)CnmXmZmnan`m© -g‘dm{`-(2){Z{‘Îm- oXmV² Û¡{dÜ`‘² : VÀM H$maU§ {Û{dY§ : (1)g‘dm{`- (2){Z{‘Îm- oXmV².

(1)VÌ VmXmËå`gå~ÝYoZnm. o.8 `Xml § H$m ª ^d{V VV² g‘dm{`H$maU‘².g‘dm`íM VmXmËå`ñ ¡d Zm‘mÝVa‘².

d¡eo{fH$mñV w *A wV{gÕmZm‘² AmYmamYo yVmZm‘² "Bh'àË``hoVw… gå~ÝY…g‘dm`…. `Wm ""Bh VÝVwfw nQ>…'' ""Bh nQ>o ewŠbËd‘²'' ""Bh J{d JmoËd‘²''B{V H$m`©-H$maU`mo… JwU-Jw{UZmo… gm‘mÝ`-{deof`mo…{Q>.1 gM gd}fm‘² EH$mo{ZË`mo ì`mnH$… M* B{V Amhþ….

VX² AÝ o * Z j‘ÝVo-

VÌ nmW©gma{W{‘lm… *""B § Jm¡…'' B{V àË``mV² ""Bh JmoËd‘² ApñV''B{V àË``m^mdmV² M Z nydm}ŠVbjU… g‘dm`… {H$ÝVw oZ gå~ÝYoZ AmYo ‘²AmYmao ñdmZwê$nm§ ~w{Õ‘² AmYÎmo, ñdmH$maoU ~moY`{V B{V `mdV², g gå~ÝY…g‘dm`…* B{V Amhþ….

VV² {MÝË`§, JwU-Jw{UZmo… {H«$`m-{H«$`mdVmo… `… gå~ÝY… VñÀg‘dm`ËdmnÎmo…, JwU-{H«$`mä`m§ ñdmH$maoU JwU-{H«$`m-dVmo… A~moYZmV²{Q>.2.

1. Om{Vì`ŠË`mo… B{V AW©…(A Am). 2. VWmM {dH$ënÛ o@{n Aì`mpßVXmofmX²ì`mnH$Ëd¡H$Ëdà{Vkm^“… B{V AW©…(A Am).

AW ""A wV{gÕ`mo… `… gå~ÝY… g g‘dm`…, A wV{gÕm¡ M Vm¡ ``mo…Û`mo… AZí`X² EH$‘² Anam{lV‘od Ad{VîR>Vo'' B{V, VX{n OKÝ §, VWm g{Vàb o Om{VpñW{V… H$mbo dŠVw‘² AeŠ`m ñ`mV², H$mbg‘doV-~wÕçmnmXH$ËdmV².ZM *VÌ Om{V… ñdê$noU H$m{bHo$Z dm gå~ÝYoZ {VîR>{V* B{V dmÀ`§,‘mZm^mdmX²{Q>.1 Y B{V Amhþ…{Q>.2.

lrhf©{‘lmñVw *Anam{lVËd§ Zm‘ Anagå~pÝYËd‘². VÌ H$mo Agm¡ gå~ÝY…,g§`moJ… g‘dm`mo… dm? Z AmÚ…, g‘dm`mnbmnàg“mV². Z {ÛVr`mo,Anam{lVËdñ` g‘dm`K{Q>VËdoZ g‘dm{`{Zê$nUo AmË‘ml {Q>.3 àg“mX²* Amhþ….

dñVwVñVw H$m ©‘mÌñ` àb o Zme§ dXX²{^… d¡eo{fH¡$… VmÑe-JwU-{H«$`m-à{V`mo{JH$ñ` VmÑe-ì`ŠË`Zw`mo{JH$ñ` M g‘dm`ñ` à{V`mo½`m{XZmemV²à‘mV¥Um§ ~mh² H$aUZmemV² M àVrË`^mdoZ H$m{bH$m{Xgå~ÝYoZ H$mbmXm¡ gÎmm‘{nCnnmX{`Vw‘² AeŠZwdX²{^… ñd‘wIoZ¡d à{Vkm ^Á`Vo{Q>.4 B{V ko ‘².

~«÷gyÌmZwgm[aUñVw *`Wm A` wV{gÕ`m o … AmY o`mYma`m o …{deofU{deoî`^mdmonnÎm o g‘dm`mo A"r{H«$`Vo VWm g‘dm`ñ`m{n AmYo ËdoZ{deofUËdmV² VXWª gå~ÝYmÝVañ` g‘dm`mÝVañ` dm Anojm`m§ VXZdñWmn{Îm…{ZË`Ëdhm{Z… A{ZË`Vm{Q>.5 M ñ`mV². AZnojm`m§ g‘dm`ñ` Agå~ÕËdàg“…VWm g{V Agå~Õ… H$W§ gå~pÝYZm¡ gå~ÝY oV² ñdVEd ñdpñW{V{Z`‘Zo VoZ¡dÝ`mòZ AmYo`mÝVañ`m{n pñW{V{gÕm¡ g‘dm`ñ`¡d A{g{Õ…. ZM *Vñ`gå~ÝYËdmV²nm. o.9 ñdpñW{V{Z`m‘H$Ëd§ gå~pÝYZmÝVw Z VWm BË`Vmo Z Xmof…*

B{V dmÀ §, g§ moJñ`m{n gå~ÝYËdoZ EVËgmå`mV² Vñ`m{n

1. VWmM Apñ‘Z² {dH$ëno {ZË`Ëdà{Vkm`m… A{g{Õ… B{V AW©…(A). 2.Ho$ Ed‘² Amhþ; B{V H$V¥©ñnîQ>Vm Z ^d{V(í`m). 3. VWmM A{Zdm©À`ËdmX²A{g{Õ… B{V AW©…(A Am). 4. VWmM dXX²ì`mKmVmV² {ZË`Ëdà{Vkm^“… B{VAW©…(A Am). 5. VWmM A{g{Õ… gmYmamoËn{ÎmZmeH¥$V‘² CËn{Îmem{bËd§Zmeem{bËd§ M B{V AW©…(A Am).

45 46

Ag‘doVËdmnÎmo…. ZM *Vñ` JwUËdmV² VÌ ApñV gå~ÝYmÝVamH$m¬mjm*

B{V dmÀ §, JwUn[a^mfm`m… ËdÎmÝÌ‘mÌeaUËdoZnm. o.10 BVaofm‘² AZmXaUr`ËdmX²*B{V Amhþ….

AÌ¡d AÝòVw *""A`wV{gÕ`mo… gå~ÝY… g‘dm`…'' B{V dXVmA wV{gÕËd‘od nydª gmYZr §, VÎmw H$m`m© mdo {Zê$n{`Vw‘od AeŠ`‘², AgËH$m ©dmXoAgV… H$m`©ñ` níMmV² gÎmm“rH$mamV². VWm g{V An¥WH²${gÕËdê$nñÀ wV{gÕËdñ ¡d nyd©‘² A{gÕçm VXwnnmÚñ` g‘dm`ñ`m{n A{g{Õ…. Vñ`nyd©‘² CnJ‘o AgËH$m ©dmX^“àg“…. AW CËn{Îmaod g‘dm`… B{V MoV², V{h©CËnÎmo… A{ZË`ËdmV² g‘dm`{ZË`Ëdhm{Z…, {ZË`ËdoM H$m`©{ZË`Ëdàg“mV²H$maUì`mnmamZW©Š`‘². Vñ‘mV² VmXmËå`bjUEd H$m ©H$maU`mo… gå~ÝYmo, Zg‘dm`…* B{V Amhþ….

`Îmw ""JwU{H«$`m{X{d{eîQ>~w{Õ…{Q>.1 {deofU{deoî`gå~ÝY{df`m,{d{eîQ>~w{ÕËdmX² XÊS>nwéf{d{eîQ>~w{ÕdX²''nm. o.11 B{V AZw‘mZoZ g§ moJm{X~mYmV²,g‘dm § gmY`pÝV, VX{n EVoZ¡d namñV§, {gÕgmYZËdmX² AWm©ÝVaËdmV² M. ZMbmKd~bmV² VpËg{Õ…, nXmWm©ÝVaËdoZ à{VnmÚ‘mZñ` Vñ`¡d JwéËdmV²à{Vn{Îmgm¡H$`m© mdmV² M. AVmo Z g‘dm`… VmXmËå`m{V[aŠV….

VmXmËå`ÄM ôXg{hîUwaôXEd. ôXg{hîUwVmM ""~hþñ`m§ àOmò`''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3-V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) B{V BÀN>m`m§ VX²ì`mnma^yV-epŠV-{d^mJoZo{V Z AÌ{Q>.2 nydm}ŠV-Xmof-gÄMma…, lw{VeaUËdmV² H$ënZm`m….

`Ûm ""`Ì oZ `Vmo `ñ` `ñ‘¡ `X² `X² `Wm `Xm ñ`m{XX§ ^JdmZ² gmjmV²àYmZnwéfoída…'' (^mJ.nwam.10&85&4) B{V Xe‘ñH$ÝYr`dmŠò "`Wm'nXmoŠVàH$ma‘Ü o Vñ`m{n {Zdoe{`Vw§ eŠ`ËdmV², gËH$m ©dmXo H$m ©ñ` àb o@{ngËdoZ gå~pÝYÛ`gËdmV² M {ZË`gå~ÝYê$nñ` g‘dm`ñ`

1. "Am{X'nXoZ gm‘mÝ`ñ`m{n g§J«h…(H$). 2. gËH$m ©dmXm“rH$mao@{n H$maUoZH$m ©ñ` ì`dhma`mo½`VmgånmXZmV² Z VX²ì`mnmamZW©Š`{‘{V A{VaoH$m^mdmV² MZ Jm¡ad‘² B{V AW©…(A).

A{V[aŠVËdm“rH$mao@{n AXmof…{Q>.1. ZM gyÌ(~«.gy.2&2&12-13){damoY…,VÌ d¡eo{fH$m{Xà{VnÝZñ ¡d XyfUoZ A{damoYmV²nm. o.12.

EdÄM Apñ‘Z² ‘Vo ê$nmXrZ² à{V Z KQ>m{XÐì`ñ` H$maUVm, à‘mUm^mdmV²{H$ÝVw g‘mZH$mbrZËd‘od ÑîQ>mZwamoYmX² ~moÜ`‘².

`Îmw *nyd©d{V©Ëd§ H$maUbjU§ ñdrH¥$Ë` ê$nmXrZ² à{V Ðì`ñ` H$maUËdm`àW‘o jUonm. o.13 KQ>mXo… {ZJw©UËd§ ñdrHw$d©pÝV*, VX² Ag“V‘².

VWm{h : àW‘o jUo qH$ H$nmbm{XJwUm… (1)Zí`pÝV CV (2){Vð>pÝV?

(1)Z AmÚ…, H$maUJwUmZm§ ZîQ>Ëdo H$m ©JwUmZmaå^mnÎmo…, Šb¥ßV-nmH$m{Xê$n-ZmeH$-gm‘½a²ç^mdo VÝZmeñ`m{n AeŠ`dMZËdmV², nrVVÝVw{^… ídoVnQ>mnÎmo…M nrVñ ¡d ^dZo {Z`m‘H$m^mdmV². ZM *AÑîQ>‘od VWmnm. o.14* B{V dmÀ §,VoZ¡d {Zdm©ho H$maUê$nñ` H$maUVm^“mV², Zrê$nmX{n gê$nmoËnË`mnÎmo… M.

(2)Z {ÛVr`…, gËgw Vofw H$m ©JVJwUmZmaå o hoËd^mdmX² B{V {XH²$. àW‘ojUo na‘gyú‘mo KQ>… CËnÚVo BË`{n Ag“V‘².

AÌ gm§»`m… *àW‘nm.ô.15jUo KQ>…, (1)na‘mUw… dm, (2)‘hmZ² dm,(3)C^`{dbjUmo dm? Z AmÚ…, {Zad`dËdmnÎmo…. Z {ÛVr`mo, JwU-Jw{UZmo…EH$H$mbmoËn{Îmàg“mV², ""na‘gyú‘mo KQ>…'' B{V à{Vkm{damoYmV² M; AZoH$H$nmbofwg‘odVmo KQ>… na‘gyú‘… B{V AöX §J‘íM. Z V¥Vr`mo, Aà{gÕo…. ZM *JwUJw{UZmo…OÝÒZH$ËdmZwamoYoZ Ed§ H$ënZm* B{V dmÀ`§, g‘mZH$mbmoËn{Îmdm{XZ§ à{VOÝÒZH$^mdñ` dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV².

47 48

1. ""g‘dm`mä`wnJ‘mÀM gmå`mXZdpñWVo… (~«.gy.2&2&13) B{VgyÌ{damoY…. AÌ ""C^`Wm{n Z H$‘m©VñVX^md…'' (~«.gy.2&2&12) B{V nyd©gyÌmV²"VX^md…' B{V AZwdV©Vo. gM "M'H$mamÝVoZ gå~Ü`Vo(Am).

ZM *g‘mZgm‘J«rH$ËdoZ H$m ©H$maU`mo… A oXmn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ §, VÝVwê$nmXo…nQ>mOZH$V`m ê$nOZH$ËdoZ gm‘J«r oXmV². ZM *EVpñ‘Z² ‘Vo qH$ g‘dm{`H$maU‘²*

B{V dmÀ §, nQ>Ed. ZM *H$maUËdm^mdo H$W§ g‘dm{`H$maUËd‘²* B{V dmÀ §,ñ`mX² Ed§, `{X g‘dm{`H$maUËd§ H$maUVm{deof… ñ`mV². ZM Ed§ {H$ÝVwH$m ©g‘dm{`Ëd‘od* B{V Amhþ….

VWmM EVÝ‘Vo H$maU¡H${dÜ`‘od, g‘dm`íM ñdê$ngå~ÝY{deofEd, H$m ©ÄMAdñWm{deofEd B{V.

{gÕmÝV oVw nydm}ŠVoÀN>`m bmoHo$@{n H$maUËd§ g‘dm{`Z… {Z~m©Y‘²,Am{d^m©dH$eŠË`mYmaËdñ` H$maUbjUñ` VÌm{n AÝd`ì`{VaoH${gÕËdmV²,nwÌmXm¡ OÝ`Ëdñ` emñÌ{gÕËdmV² M B{V. CnmXmZÝVw g‘dm{`ZEd AdñWm{deof…,n[apÀN>ÝZñ` H$V¥©{H«$``m ì`mßVñ`¡d ‘¥pËnÊS>gyÌm{Xê$nñ` n¥{Wì`§eñ`¡dKQ>nQ>mÚwnmXmZËdXe©ZmV². AÝ`Wm n¥{WdrËdm{deofmV² {nÊS>m{Xê$nVm^mdo@{nKQ>m{X… CËnÚoV. AVEd{Q>.1 ^JdmZ² A{dH¥$VEd OJV… EH$m§eoZ g‘dm`r.gEd nwZ…, Šd{MV² H$mbê$n§ Šd{MV² àH¥${Vê$n§, ñdm§e‘² CnmXmZ§ H$amo{V B{V""àH¥${V©h² ñ`monmXmZ‘mYma… nwéf… na… gVmo@{^ì`ÄOH$… H$mbmo ~«÷ VpËÌV §Ëdh‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&19) B{V, ""JwUì`{VH$amH$mamo{Q>.2 {Z{d©eofmo@à{V{ð>V…nwéfñVXwnmXmZ‘mË‘mZ§ brb`m@g¥OV², {díd§ d¡ ~«÷ VÝ‘mÌ§ g§pñWV§ {dîUw‘m``m,B©ídaoU n[apÀN>ÝZ§ H$mboZmì`ŠV‘y{Îm©Zm'' (^mJ.nwam.3&10&11-12)BË`m{XdmŠ`mX² Adgr`Vo. VÀM bmoHo$@{n EH$ñ` EH$‘od ZVw AZoH$‘². AÝ`WmH$maUJwUmZm§ H$m ©JwUmoËnmXH$Ëd{Z`‘mV² H$m ©ñ` AZoH$ËdmnÎmo…. earam{Xîd{n^yVg‘wXm`ñ` EH$ñ`¡dnm.ô.16 hoVwËd§ OÝ`Ðì`nm.ô.17ËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V VX²-`mo½`md`d-ñWybm§eËdoZ¡d AZwJVm H$maUVm, ZVw ñne©dËdoZ. AmH$meo ì`{^MmamV²AmH$memX² dm yËnÎmo… lm¡VËdmV². ZM {Z{‘ÎmËd§, nwamUmon~¥§hU{damoYmV². AVEdZ Amaå^dmXmo@{n. BXÄM `Wm VWm ànÄM oXdmXo ì wËnm{XV‘² Añ‘m{^….

1. n[apÀN>ÝZËdmÚ^mdmXod B{V AW©…(A Am). 2. nañna§ ‘obZ‘od AmH$mamo`ñ`(A).VÌ H$.CnmXmZH$maUñ` Û¡{dÜ`‘² :

CnmXmZÄM {Û{dY§ : (H$)n[aUmå wnmXmZ§ (H$m){ddVm}nmXmZ§ M. VÌ AmÚ§(H$)ñdg‘mZgÎmmH$-H$m`m©H$maoU Am{d^©d{V. n[aUm‘íM CnmXmZg‘gÎmmH$moAÝ`Wm^md….

gmo {Û{dYmo : (H$/1)A{dH¥$Vmo (H$/2){dH¥$V… M. VÌ AmÚmo (H$/1)`Wm gwdU©ñ` H$Q >H$H w $ÊS>bm{X…. {ÛVr`m o (H$/2)`Wm ‘¥Xm o {Q >.1

KQ>eamdmoXÄMZm{X…, `Wm M ‘Zgmo(?~wÕo…) d¥{Îmê$n§ kmZ‘².

(H$m)CnmXmZ{df‘gÎmmH$mo AÝ`Wm^mdmo {ddV©…. gVw EH${dYEd `WmaOVm{Xê$noU ~wÕo… »`mZ‘².{Q>.2

I.VÌ {Z{‘ÎmH$maUñ` ñdê$n‘² : (I)g‘dm{`H$maU{^ÝZ§ V² H$maU§ VV² {Z{‘ÎmH$maU§; Wm, KQ>ñ` Hw$bmb-

MH«$-Mrda-XÊS>m{XH§$, Vwardo‘m{XH§$ nQ>ñ`, {df opÝÐ`ì`mnmam… kmZñ`.

nwZa{n àH$mamÝVaoU H$maUVmÛ¡{dÜ`{Zê$nU‘² : H$maUVmM {Û{dYm : (1)EH$m XÊS>MH«$m{XÝ`m oZ gm‘J«rH$maUVm

1. nmH$gå~ÝYV`m {dH$m[aËd‘² B{V(Am) AWdm X w ½YÐmjmX o…X{Y‘Úm{X^md…(í`m). 2. BX‘² AÌ AdYo § ^d{V : {ZíM`mH$m[aH$m`m… {h~w{Õd¥Îmo… `Wm ñdn[aUmå wnmXmZ yV~w{Õg‘gÎmmH$Ëd§ VW¡d «‘mH$m[aH$m`m‘{nd¥Îmm¡ gå^d{V Zdm? Z MoX² "~w{Õd¥{ÎmËdmo'pŠV… {Za{W©H$m. gå^d{V MoV², VXm~wÕo… n[aUmå wnmXmZËd§ ì`m‘mohH$‘m`m`m… M {Z{‘ÎmËd‘²; CV, VmÑL²>‘m`m`m…n[aUmå`wnmXmZËd§ ~wÕoñVw ‘m{`H$mam on{ddVm }nmXZ‘mÌËd‘od? AmÚo

49 50

nma‘m{W©H$~w{Õn[aUm‘ËdoZ «‘d¥Îmo… VX²{df‘gÎmmH$mÝ`Wm^mdmZwnn{Îm…. {ÛVr o~w{Õê$n{ddVm}nmXmZo Amamo{nVm`m… ‘m{`H$n[aUm‘ê$nm`m… M ^«‘d¥Îmo…,ì`m‘mohH$‘m`m`mA{n nma‘m{W©H$ËdoZ¡d, VWm^mdmZwnn{Îm… VXdñW¡d. ewpŠV-VÔoe-VËH$mbofw VXÝàOVmd^m{gH$m`m… ~w{Õd¥Îmo… ~mYkmZmoÎmaH$m{bH§$ewŠË`m{X{Zê${nVàm{V^m{gH$mgÎd‘{n Z {df‘gÎmo{V dŠVw§ eŠ`§ {H$ÝVwàVr`‘mZmam onñ` ~mYkmZmoÎma § à{V^m{gH$mgÎd‘od V{X{V Z VoZm{n{df‘gÎmmH$ËdbjUg“{V…. gd©Wm hçgV… à{V^mgmgå^do@{n Šd{MX²{dÚ‘mZñ` Añdr`XoeH$mbmonm{YH$ÝVw àm{V^m{gH$‘² AgÎd§ ñdrH$aUr`‘od.Vñ‘mV² na‘Và{gÕn[a^mf`m na… à~moYZr`… B{V Ý`m`mZwgaU‘od AÌJ«ÝWH¥$pÀMH$s{f©V§ à{V^m{V. VÌ "{df‘gÎmmH$Îdm§'e… na‘Vn[a^mfm,"aOVm{Xê$noU ~wÕo… »`mZ‘²' B{VVw ñd‘V‘² B{V {ddoH$…(í`m).

(2)V¥Uma{U‘{UÝ`m oZ àË oH$n ©dgm{`Zr {ÛVr`m.

VÝVwÛ`g§ moJm{XH$ÄM gm‘½a²çm‘od à{deVr{V Z Ag‘dm{`ËdoZ A{V[aŠVmH$maUVm Vñ` H$ënZr`m, à`moOZm^mdmV². Vñ‘mX² {Û{dY‘od H$maU‘².

H$maUVmJ«mhH$`mo… AÝd`-ì`{VaoH$`mo… {Zê$nU‘² : H$maUVmJ«mhH$m¡M AÝd`ì`{VaoH$m¡; Vm¡M {Û{dYm¡, VÌ-

(1)ñdñdì`mß oVa-`mdËH$maU-gËdo-`ËgÎdo Adí § ËgÎd‘²AÝd`mo.

(2)`X^mdo Adí § `X^mdmo ì`{VaoH$….B{V

(1)EH$m {dYm H$maUVm‘mÌJ«hUo Cn wÁ`Vo. AÝd`Z‘²nm. o.18 AÝd`…, ""EaM²''(nm{U.gy.3&3&56) BË`ZoZ mdo "AM²', H$m }U gh VXd`dm{Xê$noU AdñWmZ‘².

(2){deofU A{VaoMZ§nm. o.19 ì`{VaoH$…, H$m`m©{VaoHo$U AdñWmZ‘² B{V {ÛVr`m{dYm.

B‘m¡M CnmXmZËdJ«hUo H¥$ËñZàgpŠVdmaUo M `Wm`W‘² Cn wÁ oVo AVmo ZeL²H$mboe….

H$aUËdm¡n{`H$ì`mnmañdê$n‘² : H$maUoZ H$m ©OZZo `X² AÝVam Adí`‘² Cn wÁ`Vo g ì`mnmamo;`Wm, VÝVwÛ`g§ moJ… VwarVÝVwg§ moJ… M VÝVwVw m}…. `WmM {df opÝÐ`g§ moJ…

BpÝÐ`mUm‘². `Wm Ðì oU àrVm XodVm, XodVmàr{V… dm `mJñ`. ZVw VÁOÝ`Ëdog{V VÁOÝÒZH$…, g‘dm`mXm¡ ì`{^MmamV²{Q>.1. AgmYmaUËdÄM

1. g‘dm`ñ` {ZË`ËdoZ OÝ`Ëdm^mdmV²(Am).AÌ H$m`m}ËnmXZH$mbo VXZwHy$b-ì`mnmam{V[aŠV-ì`mnma-a{hVËd§ ~moÜ`‘².

B©ídaoÀN>mXrZm‘² BVaì`mnma-am{hË`m^mdmV² Z VÌ A{Vì`mpßV…. {df`ñ`g‘dm{`Z… M AH$aUËd{ddjm`mÝVw "VX²{^ÝZËd§' {deofUr`‘².

Ho{MÎm w *H$m` ©ËdmdpÀN>ÝZ-H$m` ©Vm{Zê${nVH$maUVm-eyÝ`Ëd‘²AgmYmaUH$maUËd‘²* Amhþ….

AÝòVw *H$m`©ËdmZdpÀN>ÝZ-H$m`©Vm{Zê${nV-H$maUVml`Ëd§ VX²* B{VAmhþ….

VÌ Z Añ‘mH$‘² AmJ«h…. B{V ì`d{gV§nm. o.20 H$aU‘².B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à‘mUn[aÀN>oXo à‘mH$aUñdê$n{Zê$nHo$ H$ëbmobo

H$aUH$maUgm‘mÝ`ñdê$n{Zê$nH$…

AmÚ… Va“… g‘mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr

51 52

1. ì`mnmadXgmYmaUH$maU‘² B{V Am I nmR>…. 2. Am{d^m©deŠË`mYmaËd‘²B{V H$ nmR>…. 3. CnmXmZñ` H$m ©‘² B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 4. VÎmÀN>pŠVH$Ëd‘²B{V H$ nmR>…. 5. VX², A^mdo "A{n' B{V J nmR>Ed ZmÝ ofw. 6. ‘ybH$maUoAmH$memXm¡ M ì`{^MmamX² B{V A H$ J K L> M nmR>ofw. ‘ybH$maUo AmH$memXm¡Aì`mßVo… B{V Am I nmR>`mo… 7. "Vñ‘mX²...bjU‘²' BË oVmdVr n§pŠV… A H$nmR>`mo… Zmonbä`Vo Am nmR>emoY{ZH$m I Am{XnmR> ofw Cnbä`Vo. 8.{dbjUVmXmËå`gå~YoZ B{V A H$ M nmR>ofw Am nmR>o "{dbjU'eãXmo {ZañV….9. gå~ÕËdmX² B{V H$ nmR>…. 10. ËdVÝÌ B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕEd. 11.XpÊS>nwéf{d{eîQ>~w{ÕdX² B{V H$ nmR>…. 12. AÌ H$ nmR>o H«$‘ì`Ë`mo OmV…(1)""gËH$m`©dmXm§JrH$mao@{n H$maUoZ H$m`©ñ` ì`dhma`mo½`VmgånmXZmV² ZVX²ì`mnmamZW©Š`‘² A{VaoH$m^mdmV ² M Z Jm¡ad‘² BË`W©…'' B{V A nmR>r`mnmX{Q>ßnUr (2)""`Ûm "`Ì...nwéfoída…'...XyfUoZ A{damoYmV²'' B{V AnmR>r`g§emoY{ZH$m M EV`mo… nm¡dm©n ©ì`Ë``mo A nmR>mZwamoYoZ nwZ… Wmo{MV{dÝ`mgoZAñ‘m{^… XyarH¥$V… 13. àW‘o jUo B{V I nmR>…. 14 ZM AÑîQ>‘od "VWm'B{V I nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo. 15. àW‘o B{V I nmR>…. 16. EH$ñ ¡d B{V AmI nmR>`mo… 17. AÝ`Ðì`... B{V "I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 18. "AÝdoVr{V'AÝd`…..."^mdo AH²$' B{V H$ M nmR>`mo…. 19. {deofU "A{V[aÀ`Vo' B{V H$M nmR>`mo…. 20.Ad{gV‘² B{V K M nmR>`mo….

*emãXà‘mH$aU{Zê$nH$mo {ÛVr`… Va“…*

doXmË‘H$eãXñ` gH$bà‘mU‘yY©Ý`Ëd‘² : Ed§{hnm. o.1 {gÕo H$aUo `V² nydm}ŠVà‘m§ à{V&&H$aU§ VV² à‘mU§ VÝ‘yY©Ý`mo doXEd {h&&1&&AW}Z {ZË`gå~ÝYmV² VÁkmZmì`{^MmaV…{Q>.1&&bmoH$mZ{YJVmW©ñ` JÝV¥ËdmV² Zmñ` bmoH$V…&&2&&VXWm©dJVoa² ~mYg² VoZ ‘yY©Ý`Vmñ` d¡&&d¡ mgo Xe©Zo ~«÷à{‘Vo… H$aU§ lw{V…&&3&&VÝ‘yb‘Ý`V² gÝXohöË`m VËghH$m[aVm‘²&&`mVr{V ""emñÌ`mo{ZËdmX²'' BË`Ì¡d§ {d{ZpíMV‘²&&4&&VoZmÝ`Ì à‘mUËd‘² AÝ ofm§ Z {déÕçVo&&Ed‘od {Z~ÝYo@{n ~wÜ`Vm‘me`mo@{n M&&5&&‘mZmÝVamonOrì`mZm‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ à‘mUVm&&gËd`moJmX² F$Vo ZmpñV VoZmMm £aZmÑVm&&6&&à‘mUJUZm bmoH$-ì`dhma-à`moOZm&&VV… eãXm{déÕm gmXaUr o{V gy{MVm&&7&&AVmo@Ì ì`dhmao `… ñdàñWmZg‘m{lV…&&{deofñVñ` ~moYmW©‘² AmXV©ì ¡d gm VV…&&8&& ""lw{VàË`j‘¡{Vh² ‘² AZw‘mZ§ MVwîQ>`‘²&à‘mUoîdZdñWmZmX² {dH$ënmV² g {daÁ`Vo&&''{Q>.2

""lw{VàË`j‘¡{Vh² ‘² AZw‘mZ§ MVwîQ>`‘²&EV¡am{XË`‘ÊS>b§ gd£aod {dYmñ`Vo&&''{Q>.3

Ed‘oH$mXeñH$ÝYo lwVm¡ `X² {d{Zê${nV‘²&&VXm{lË` ‘`mÌ¡VX²{Q>.4 CÀ`Vo@Vmo Z XyfU‘²&&9&&

53 54

1. VÁOÝ`kmZñ` AWm©ì`{^Mm[aËdmX² B{V AW©…(A Am). 2. ^mJ.nwam.11&19&17.(í`m). 3. ""ñ‘¥{VàË`jo''Ë`m{X nmR>mÝVaoU gh V¡{V.Ama.1&2&1(í`m)

4. JUZ‘² B{V AW©…(A). VÌ¡{Vh² § ñ‘¥{V… nyd©d¥Îmñ‘¥Ë`m {Zê$nUmV²&&gyÌoîd{n à‘mUmoŠVm¡ ñ‘¥VoaodmXamX{n&&10&&eof§ `WmpñWV§ `m{Z Vyn‘mZm{XH$m{Z d¡&&VmÝ`ZwJ«mhH$mÊ od VoZ Xmofmo Z H$íMZ&&11&&gdm©Ê od à‘mUm{Z gËd‘od H$WÄMZ&&CnOrdpÝV VÕoVm¡ H${WV… nyd©‘mJ‘…&&12&&CŠVdmŠ o lw{VñVñ‘mV² eãX… nydª {Zê$ß`Vo&&oZ kmVo n[aH$ao ‘w»`ËdmJ{V… lwVo…&&13&&

Vñ`m{damoYEdmÝ`àm‘mÊ § ZmÝ`Wm VV…&&

*ZZw ~mY`mo½`-ì`{V[aŠV-kmZ-OZH§$ gËd§ `moJm{XZm{n OÝ`VB{V H$W§doXñ`¡d ‘w»`Ëd‘²* B{V MoV², Z, Vofm‘{n doX‘ybËdmX², AdoX‘ybmZm‘²Aà‘mUËdmX², ""{dXyaH$mîR>m` ‘whþ… Hw$`mo{JZm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&4&14)BË`m{XdmŠ`mX² `mo{JZm‘² F$frUm‘{n nañna{dà{Vn{ÎmXe©ZmV² M. AVmo doXEdà‘mU‘². gM AmßVmonXoeê$n…. AmßVíM `WmpñWVmW©dmXr. g bm¡{H$H$m-bm¡{H$H$ oXoZ {Û{dY…. VÌ Añ‘Xm{X… bm¡{H$H$mo, Abm¡{H$H$ñVw F$frZ² Amaä`B©ídan ©ÝV…. CÎmamoÎmaÄM Efm‘² AmßVVm{YŠ`mV², na‘mßVËd‘² B©ídao n ©dñ`Vr{VVXwnXoeê$nmo doXEd AZnoú` à‘mU‘².

eãXàm‘mÊ`{dMma… : *ZZw AmßVmonXoeñ` VoZ ê$noU àm‘mÊ o {gÕo doXñ` na‘àm‘mÊ § {gÕçoV².

VXod VmdX² A{gÕ§, nXmZm‘² CnZm`H$ËdoZ lmoÌmXod emãX{gÕo…, eãXñ`à‘mUmÝVaËdH$ënZm`m… AÝ`mæ`ËdmX², AÝd`~wÕo… {b“OÝ`ËdoZ AZw{‘Vmd{n{Zdoeñ` eŠ`ËdmV² M. ZM *eãXmÝd`ì`{VaoH$mZw{dYmZmV² Vñ` H$maUËd‘²*

B{V dmÀ §, hoVwearaKQ>H$ËdoZ hoVwËdoZ dm AZw{dYmZmonnÎmo… Vñ`m{n A{V[aŠV-

H$maUVm-J«mhH$ËdoZ ‘mZm^mdmV². AVmo doXñ` Z n¥WH²$ àm‘mÊ`{‘{V Xya{ZañV§na‘Ëd‘²* B{V MoX².

AÌ Amhþ… Z¡ m{`H$m… *eãX… n¥WJod ‘mZ§, ""Jm¡… ApñV''-""KQ>‘²AmZ`'' BË`mXm ¡ ñdñdd ¥Î`m nXOÝ`nXmWm }npñWË`ZÝVa § JdmXm ¡ApñVËdmÚÝd`{df`ñ` {dbjU~m oYñ` AÝd`ì`{Va oH $ mä`m §AmH$m¬m{X‘ÀN>ãXH$maUH$ñ` CnZrV^mZËdm`moJmX². AeŠ`ñ`m{n AÝd`ñ`nX¡… CnñWmnZo "Aíd'nXmX² Jmoa{n CnñWmnZmnË`m A{Vàg“mnÎmo…. ZM*AÝd`~moYmo ZmñËòdo{V d¥Wm A`§ à`mg…* B{V dmÀ`§, {d{eîQ>~wÕo…AmZw {dH$ËdoZ VX^mdo AZw d{damoYmnÎmo… Vñ` VËgmYH$ËdmZ“rH$mao AZw{‘Voa{nAnbmnmnÎmo…. Zm{n *g… ñ‘¥{Vê$nEd* B{V wŠV‘², AZwì`dgm`{Q>.1{damoYmV²,g‘mZmH$ma{Q>.2g§ñH$ma{Q>.3OÝ`ËdoZ ñ‘¥{VËdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV² M. Zm{ngmjmËH$ma…, gmH$m¬nXmZm{‘d AÝ`ñ`m{n{Q>.4 CnZm`H$Ëdñ` eŠ`dMZËdoZVX wnñWm{nVñ`m{n{Q >.5 CnZ`‘`m ©X`m ^mZmnÎm o …. ZM BîQ > mn{Îm…,AZw d{damoYmnÎmo…{Q>.6. VÎmXW©{Q>.7-{df`H$-emãX-~wÕçZwì`dgm § à{V emãX~wÕo…VÎmXW©H$-gmH$m¬-nX-OÝ`-VÎmXW©-JmoMa-emãXËdoZ {df`{dY`m hoVwVmH$ënZoA{VJm¡admV²{Q>.8. BVa-~mY-bãY-pÀN>ÐoVaËdmXo… AnXmW©ñ`m{n emãX~moYoAdJmhmV², àmßVñ` V{Ûf`H$mZwì`dgm`ñ` ~mYàgŠVo…, JdmXm¡ ApñVËdmXo[adApñVËdmXm¡ JdmXoa{n ^mZàg“ñ` VmdVm{n AZwÕmamV² M. {H$ÄM, emãX{Y`…àË`jËdmä`wnJ‘o nXmWm©Ýd`~moYXem`m‘² AnXmWm©Zm‘{n ñdgm‘J«r~boZàË`jËdmn{Îm…, àË`jgm‘mÝ § à{V emãXgm‘½a²çm… àË`jgm‘J«rH$mo{Q>{Z{dîQ>V`mà{V~ÝYH$Ëdmgå^dmV². ZM *emãXmÝ`àË`jËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V Vñ`m…VWmËdH$ënZmV² Z Xmof…* B{V

1. ""dmŠ`mX² JmogÎmm§ àË o{‘''-""KQ>mZ`Z§ àË o{‘'' BË od AZwì`dgm`mo,ZVw "ñ‘am{‘' BË`V… VWm B{V AW©…(A). 2. Šd{MX² dmŠ`mV² ñ‘aUñ` gå^doZAZwì`dgm`m{damoY‘² AmeL²H$ç hoËdÝVa‘² Amh ""g‘mZ...''BË`m{X.BXåàW‘V`m lwVñ` emãXo ì`{^MmamX² CŠVñWbo eãXñ` CX²~moYH$ËdoZ¡dàdoe… B{V ^md…(A). 3. eãXoZ Jmo@pñVËd`mo… KQ>H$‘©ËdmZ`ZmZm‘od CnpñWË`mVX²{df`H$ñ ¡d g§ñH$mañ` OZZo AÝd`{df`H$ñ` AOZZmX² B{V md…(H$ J). 4.hoVmo… g§ñH$mañ` M(J), Yy‘m{XhoVmoa{n B{V AW©…(A). 5. dôÝ`mXo… B{V AW©…(A).

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6. ""d{•‘² AZw{‘Zmo{‘'' BË od ZVw "OmZm{‘' BË`V… VWm B{V AW©…(A),"AZw{‘Zmo{‘'-"ñ‘am{‘' "eãXmV²-àËò{‘' BË`mÚZwì`dgm`{damoYmnÎmo… B{VAW©…(Am J). 7. emãXo "OmZm{‘' B{V AZwì`dgm`mV² Z {damoY… BË`V… AmhVÎmX² B{V(A). 8. emãX~wÕçZwì`dgm § à{V emãX~wÕo… emãXH$aUH$kmZËdoZ{df`{dY`m hoVwVmnoj`m B{V AW©…(A Am).

dmÀ`§, JwéËdmV², VXnoj`m emãX{Y`… àË`j-{^ÝZËd-H$ënZm`m‘odbmKdmV² M. Vñ‘mX² Z AÝd`~wÕo… àË`jê$nËd§, Zm{n AZw{‘{Vê$nËd‘²,A{b“OÝ`ËdmV². ZM *""Jm¡… ApñV'' B{V dmŠ`mX², ""Jm¡… ApñVËddmZ²VÚmo½`ËdmX² KQ>dX²'' B{V ~mYa{hVËdê$nm `mo½`V¡d {b“‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘²,AkmVm`m… AZwn`moJmV², ñdê$ngË`m… Vñ`m… AH$maUËdoZ VÁkmZñ ¡d {b“Vm`m…dmÀ`ËdmV², Vñ`Mnm.ô.2 ~mY-{ZíM`m^md-‘mÌ-gånmXZonm.ô.3 CnjòZ{b“Vm`m… AeŠ`dMZËdmV² `mo½`Vm‘mÌ-{b“H$ñ`nm.ô.4 g§gJm©Zw‘mZñÀÝd`~w{ÕËdo ""KQ>… H$‘©Ëd‘²'' BË`m{XñWbr`ñ`m{n Vñ` VWmËdmnmVmV²`mo½`Vm`m… g§e o@{n AÝd`~wÕo… AmZw {dH$ËdmX² AZw{‘{VËdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV²M. ZM *""Jm¡… ApñVËddmZ² ñdY{‘©H$mpñVËdmÝd`- ~moYmZwHy$bmH$m¬ml`-nXñ‘m[aVËdmX² KQ>dX², "Jmo…'B{V nX‘² ApñVËd‘X²- Jmo-kmZnyd©H$‘²"ApñV'nXgmH$m¬-"Jmo'nXËdmX², ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d‘² AmH$medX²'' B{V VÎmnXmW©njH$-nXnjH$mZw‘mZmä`m‘² AZw{‘{VËd{g{Õ…* B{V `wŠV§, hoVwearaà{dîQ>m`m…AmH$m¬m`m… AÝd`~moYmZwHy$bmZwnydu-n`©d{gVËdoZ AÝd`~moY{gÕo… nyd©‘²A{gÕËdmV² VmÑeearaH$hoËd{gÕo…. EVoZ¡d *"" "M¡ÌXÊSo>Znm. o.5 Jm‘² Aä`mO'BË`m{X-dmŠ`-ldUmoÎma§ EVo nXmWm©… {‘W… g§gJ©dÝV… AmH$m¬m{X‘V²-nXH$å~H$-ñ‘m[aVËdmV² "Joho KQ>mo ApñV V‘² AmZ`' B{VnX-H$Xå~H$-ñ‘m[aV-nXmW©-gmW©dV²'' ""CŠVê$nm{U nXm{Z d¡{XH$nXm{Z dm VmËn ©-{df`-ñ‘m[aV-nXmW©-g§gJ©-kmZ-nyd©H$m{U AmH$m¬m{X‘V²-nX-H$Xå~H$ËdmV² "KQ>‘ AmZ`'B{V nXH$Xå~dX²'' BË`m{XH$‘²* AnmñV§, VmÑeì`mpßVkmZ§ {dZm{n emãX~moYñ`gdm©Zw d{gÕËdmV² M. ZM *VÌ ì`mpßVkmZ§ H$ënZr`‘²* B{V dmÀ §, gd©ÌeãXldUmoÎma§ ì`mpßVñ’y$Vm£ ‘mZm^mdmV², gd©Ì eãXñWbo ì`mpßVkmZH$ënZdV²gd©Ì AZw{‘{VñWbo nXkmZ§ H$ën{`Ëdm emãX~moYñ`m{n H$ën{`Vw§ eŠ`ËdmV²M, n¥WJod eãXñ` àm‘mÊ`‘²* BË`m{Xnm. o.6 Amhþ….

dñVwVñVw gm{Xg¥pîQ>dm{XZmo d¡eo{fH$ñ`gJm©Xm¡ àmW{‘H$dmŠ`‘² AmH$b`V…emãX~moYXem`m§ nXH$å~H$mÝVañ` AZwËnÝZËdoZ nXnj

H$mZw‘mZo gnjm^mdmV² nXmW©njH$mZw‘mZo@{n {deofUm^md-à wŠV-VX^mdmV²emãX~moYEd Ed§ Xwb©^B{V ‘ybo Hw$R>ma…. AW VÌ {dYmÝVaoU ~moY…, V{h©Amdí`H$ËdmV² g¡d AñVw, H¥$V‘² AZ`m. AW VXm dmŠ`mÝVa‘² CËnÝZ‘²CÀ`Vo, VXm{n nañnagm‘½a²çm à{V~ÝYoZ `wJnX² AZoH$-dmŠ`-kmZm^mdmV²gEd Xmof…. AW VÌ àmW{‘H$dmŠ`mV² Z emãX~moY… {H$ÝVw epŠVJ«hàUmS²>`mH${Vn`dmŠ`¡… AmdmnmoÛmnmä`m§ epŠVJ«ho ~moY…, VXm{n epŠVJ«h-g‘H$mb§MoX² ApÝdVm{^YmZnjmnÎ`m {gÕmÝVhm{Z… hoËd{g{ÕíM, AmH$m¬m`m…AkmVËdmV². epŠVJ«hmoÎma‘² AmH$m¬mXm¡ kmVo MoV², VXm{n AmH$m¬m-ñdê$n-kmnZm` AmH$m¬mnXepŠV§ J«mh`Vm§ nXmZm§ eãXËdoZ¡d H$maUVm`m… H$ënZr`ËdmV²,VWm H$maUVm`m… bKwËdmV² M. emãX~moYo@{n VËdoZ¡d H$maUËdñ` P{Q>{Vñ’y${V©…, Z AZw‘mZËdoZ, JwéËdmX² AŠb¥ßVËdmV² M. EdÄM à‘mUmÝVa-H$ënZmnoj`m~moY{dbå~-H$ënZ‘od Á`m`… BË`{n {ZañV§, {dbå~ñ` AZw d{déÕËdmX²B{V {XH²$. AV… n¥WJod eãX… à‘mU‘² B{V pñWV‘².

eãXàË`j`mo… {‘Wmo {damoYo àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm : *ZZw AñVw à‘mUmÝVaËd§, VWm{n àË`j{déÕ§ eãXeVoZm{n Z à‘mVw§

eŠ`Vo, àË`jmonOrdH$ËdmV² eãXñ`. AÝ`Wm àVmaH$dmŠ`ñ`m{n àm‘mÊ`mnÎmo….{H$ÄM ñdñdê$nbm o@{n eãX… lmoÌgmnojmo, AV… àË`jñ ¡d ‘w»`Ëd‘² C{MV§Z eãXñ`* B{V MoV², Z, ñdê$nbm o lmoÌgmnojËdo@{n àm‘mÊ`m§eo VXZnojËdmV².lwV‘mÌoU eãXoZ Mjwam{XH$‘² AZnoú ¡d nXmWm}nñWmnZmV². Zm{n àË`jmonOrdH$Ëd§,doXo VX^mdmV², bmoH$mZ{YJVñ`m{n {df`ñ` Y‘m©Xo… ~moYZmV². ZM *gmo@{n`mo{JZm‘² F$frUm§ àË`j…* B{V dmÀ §, ‘mZm^mdmV². `moJmXm¡ Y‘m©{XàË`j-OZZgm‘Ï ©ñ` ‘mZmÝVaoU AkmVËdmV² VXWª àd¥Ë`ZwnnÎmo… M. ZM *AÑîQ>mXodàd¥{Îm…* B{V dmÀ §, gËH$‘©H$aU‘ÝVaoU Vñ ¡d AZwËnÎmo…, Am{XgJ} naånam`m…dŠV w‘ ² AeŠ`ËdmX ² , AZm{XgJ ©dmX o Anm ¡éf oñ` d oXñ` ¡dY‘©à{‘{VOZH$ËdñdrH$mamV² M. Zm{n ñd^mdmV² àd¥{Îm…, Vñ`m{n ‘yb{d‘f}doXEd {dlmÝVo…. ZM

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*B©ídaoÀN>`m* B{V wŠV§, eãX§ {dZm Vñ ¡d A{gÕo…. ZM H$m ©Ëdm{X-{b“H$mZw‘mZoZ VpËg{Õ…, ~rOmL²Hx$aÑîQ>mÝVoZ hoVmo… gmYmaUËdmX², B{V AÝ`Ì{dñVa….

AVmo bm¡{H$H$ì`dhmagmYH$ñ ¡d eãXñ` àË`jmonOrdH$Ëd§ Z doXñ o{VVÌ à‘mU‘yY©Ý`Ëd§ {Z~m©Y‘². ZM *B©ídaOÝ`ËdmX² B©ídaàË`jmonOrdH$Ëd§ doXñ`*

eL²H$ç‘², A~w{Õnyd©‘od VX{^ì`ŠVo…. ZM *AÌ ‘mZm^mdmo, "{Zíd{gV'-lwVo…{Q>.1, ""^JdmZ² ~«÷ H$mËñÝ }Z...'' (^mJ.nwam.2&2&34) B{V AÝdrjm-~moYH$-dmŠ`mV² M. AÝ`Wm VXZwnnÎmo…. AVmo bmoH$mZ{YJVmW©JÝV¥ËdmV² VXW©ñ`à‘mUmÝVam~mÜ`ËdoZ {ZË`‘² AW}Z gh gå~ÕËdoZ M doXmË‘H$eãXñ ¡d ‘yÕ©Ý`Ëd‘²C{MV§, Z AÝ`ñ` B{V {ZíM`….

eãXmW©-gå~ÝY-ñdê$n{dMma… : BXÄM Vñ` ÛoYm àm‘mÊ § eãXñ` ""Am¡Ën{ÎmH$...''{Q>.2 (O¡{‘.gy.1&1&5)

gyÌ{d‘em©X² Adgr`Vo. VoZ AÌ eãXmW©-VËgå~ÝYm… H«$‘oU narjUr`m…,VWm{n eãXo {dMma~mhþë`mX², ì`mgnmX¡… gd©doXmW©ê$nñ` ~«÷UEd nydª{dMm[aVËdmV² gå~ÝYo {dMmañ` AënËdmV² M à{Vbmoå oZ¡d {dMm ©Vo.

VÌ *AWm©Zm‘² CËn{Îm-Zme-em{bËdmX², "XodXÎmm'{XZmåZm§ M OZZmoÎma‘odgå~ÝYXe©ZmV², VÝÝ`m oZ AÝ`Ìm{n VW¡d {gÕo…, Z nydm}ŠV§ gmYr`…* B{VZ¡`m{`H$mX`… àË`d{Vð>ÝVo.

1. ""Añ` ‘hVm o ^ yVñ` {Z…íd{gV‘ oVX ² `X ²F$½doX…...{Z…íd{gVm{Z''(~¥h.Cn.2&4&10) (í`m). 2. "AW}Z' Ap½ZhmoÌm{XZmgh "eãXñ`' {d{YdmŠ`ñ` `… "gå~ÝYmo' dmÀ`dmMH$ËdbjU g"Am¡Ën{ÎmH$…' ghO…. VÌ ‘mZ§ "Vñ`' BË`m{X, "Vñ`' Ap½ZhmoÌmXo… Y‘©ñ`"kmZ§' kmZgmYZ‘² "CnXoemo' {d{YdmŠ`‘². gå~ÝYñ` Agmh{OH$Ëdo wpŠV…"Aì`{Va oH$…' BË`m{X, eãXmW ©ì`dhmañ` Aì`{Va oH $… gd ©XmVmÑeì`dhmaXe©ZmV². wº²$`ÝVa‘² "AZwnbãYo…' àË`jmÚZwnbãYo… dm B{V.

AVmo Z VÌ nwéfàdoemo ^d{V B{V AW©…. "VX²' Ap½ZhmoÌm{XkmZ§ "à‘mU§'`Wm©W‘². VÌ hoVw… "AZnojËdmX²' Anm¡éfo ËdoZ MmoXZm`m… à‘mUmÝVamZnojËdmV²."~mXamÙ' J«hU§ nyOmWª, VoZ ñdJwé‘Vo ñd‘Vo M ñdV…à‘mUËd§ eãXñ` B{VAW©…(H$).

AÌ O¡{‘Zr`m… *eãXmW© mo… H$… gå~ÝY…? B{V {Okmgm`m§ Z VmdV²g§íbof-VmXmËå`-g‘dm`-g§`m oJm…{Q>.1 "jwa'-"‘m oXH$'eãXm oÀMmaUo,‘wInmQ>ZnyaUmÚmnÎmo…. Zm{n EoŠ § àVr{V{damoYmX²,

""AÝ`W¡dmp½Zg§ moJmX² Xmh§ X½Ymo@{^‘Ý`Vo& AÝ`Wm "Xmh'eãXoZ XmhmW©… gåàVr`Vo&&''(dmŠnXr.2&418)

B{V àVr{V oXmV² M. Zm{n H$m ©H$maU^mdmo, Û`mo… {ZË`ËdmV². Zm{n {Z{‘Îm-Z¡{‘{ÎmH$Ëd-`m¡Zml`ml{`-^mdmÚm…, àË`j{damoYoZ AZwnnÝZËdmV², {H$ÝVwàË`mæ`àË`m`H$^md… gå~ÝY…. gM Anm¡éfo …, VÎmÀN>ãXldUoZ VÎmXWm©dJ‘ñÀZm{Xnaånam{gÕËdmV². AVEd M ñdm^m{dH$…. ZM *nam{^àm`mZw‘mZmXodAW©à{Vn{Îm{gÕo… Añdm^m{dH$Ëd§* eL²H$Zr`§, ñdmnmÚdñWm`m§, nade¡…,AZ{^k¡…, ~mb¡…, ewH$gm[aH$m{X{^…, AZW©kd¡{XH¡$… M CÀMm[aVmV² bm¡{H$H$eãXmV²‘ÝÌmW©dmXm{XdmŠ`mV² M AW“©{^kmZm‘{n AW©~moYmZmn{Îmàg"mV². ZM*àË`mæ`àË`m`H$^mdmo Zm‘ g§km-g§{k-^md…, Vñ` ñdm^m{dH$Ëdo BXåàW‘V`mldUo@{n AW©àË``mn{Îm…* B{V eL²H$Zr §, Mjwf… AmbmoH$g§ moJñ od eãXñèãXmW©gå~ÝYJ«hñ`m{n ghH$m[aËdmV².

ZM *gå~ÝYJ«hmo Zm‘ epŠVJ«h…, Vñ` nwéfmÝVaH¥$V~moYZmYrZËdmV²nm¡éfo Ëd§ gå~ÝYñ`* eL²H$ç§, VX²J«hU‘mÌñ ¡d nwéfmYrZËdoZ J«mh² ñ` gå~ÝYñ`VXZYrZËdmV². AÝ`Wm AW©H$WZo Vñ` AÝ ¡… Cnbå^Xe©ZoZ VWm {ZíM`mV²,"XodXÎmm'{XeãXdV² ZyVZmW©gå~ÝYo Vñ` "gEd AW©…' B{V VXZwnmbå^àgŠVo…M. ZM *"" y‘m¡ AWm}''-""‘wIo eãX…'', "" "Jm¡…'B{V eãX…''-""gmñZm{X‘mZ²AW©…'', ""eãXmo A § Z AW©…-AWm} A § Z eãX…'' B{V Aml` oX-ê$n oX-àVr{V oX¡… aÁOwKQ>dV² eãXmW© mo… n¥W½ yVËdmV² VmÑe`mo… M aÁOwKQ>gå~YdV²

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H¥$VH$gå~ÝYñ`¡d ÑîQ>ËdmV² Z {ZË`gå~ÝY{g{Õ…. {gÕoM Ed‘² A{ZË`ËdoH$píMV² MoVZ…

1. eãXmW© mo… Û`moa{n {ZË`Ëdmä wnJ‘mV² Z H$m ©H$maU^md-gå^dmo Zdm{Z{‘Îm-Z¡{‘- {ÎmH$^md-gå^d…(em~.^m.à^m.1&1&5)(í`m).

nwéf… VËgå~ÝÕmnm.ô.7 dmÀ`…. gM Z Añ‘Xm{X… Agd©kÎdmV² {H$ÝVwna‘oídaoU gJm©{XH$mbo gå~ÝY… {H«$`Vo. VVmo ê$nÛ § H¥$Ëdm ì`dhm ©Vo* B{VdmÀ`§, gJm©Xm¡ ‘mZm^mdmV²; Am{XH$mbo gdm©^mdoZ CnmXmÌwnmXmZm^mdoZg¥îQ²>ç^mdàgŠVo…, d¡{MÍ`mZwnnÎmo… M. ZM *OrdmÑîQ>d¡{MÍ`mV² H$m ©d¡{MÍ`‘²*

B{V wŠV§, ÑîQ>§ {dZm Ho$dbmÑîQ>oZ VX{gÕo… AÝ`Wm ~rO§ {dZm{n d¥jmoËn{Îmàg“mV².ZM B©ídaoÀN>m{XZm {ZË`Ðì`¡íM{Q>.1 {g{Õ…, Ho$dbmZw‘mZeV¡a{n B©ídam{gÕo…~rOmL²Hx$adX² {dZm{n B©ída§ àdmhmXod g¥pîQ>{gÕm¡ B©ídam“rH$mañ` A wŠVËdmV².B©ídaH$V¥©H$ËdoZ A{ZË`Ëdo g{V doXmZm§ nm¡éfo`ËdmnmVo emŠ`m{XJ«ÝWdX²AVrpÝÐ`mW©-J«mhH$Ëdm^md-àg“oZ Aàm‘mÊ`àg“mV². ZM *‘ÝÌmW©dmXo{Vhmg-nwamUm{XH$‘od g¥îQ²>çmaå o à‘mU‘²* B{V dmÀ §, Vofm§ VÌ VmËn`m© mdmV². Vñ‘mX²AZmXm¡ g§gmao nXnXmW©gå~ÝYw… A^mdmV² {ZËÈd V`mo… gå~ÝY…* B{V Amhþ….

doXmÝVXe©Zar{VH$ñVw AJ«o dú`Vo.

*ZZw AW©ñ` A{ZË`ËdmV² H$W§ gå~ÝYñ` {ZË`Ëd‘²* B{V MoV²

AÌ O¡{‘Zr`m… *gM Z ì`pŠVê$noU A{ZËòZ AW}Z {H$ÝVw {ZËòZAmH¥${Vê$noU. AmH¥${Vaod M gm‘mÝ`‘² AZwJVmH$ma-àVr{V-OZZmV² g¡dnm. o.8

M Om{V… ZVw VX{^ì`§½`m, ‘mZ^mdmV². ZM AmH¥$Vo… A{ZË`Ëd‘²,EH$ì`pŠVZmeo@{n ì`ŠË`ÝVao Xe©ZmX² AVmo Z Xmof…* B{V Amhþ….

AÌ ~m¡Õm… *AmH¥${V… ì`ŠVo… gH$memX² {^ÝZm A{^ÝZm {^ÝZm{^ÝZmdm? Z AmÚ…, ì`pŠVì`{Va oH o $U AZ wnbãY o …. Z {ÛVr`…,AmYmamYo ^mdàVr{V~mYmnÎmo…, EH$ñ`m‘² EH$ê$nm`m‘² AZoH$mZoH$ê$nm oXñ`

1. na‘mUw{^…(H$).AeŠ`dMZËdmV² M. Z V¥Vr`…, oXm oX`mo… ghmdñWmZ{damoYmV². {H$ÄM

AmÚo {dH$ëno gm gd©JVm dm VÎmX²ì`pŠV‘mÌJVm dm? Z AmÚ…, AÝVamboAZwnbãYo…. Z {ÛVr`…, EH$ñ`m§ ì`ŠVm¡ H$mËñÝ`}Z dV©‘mZËdo ì`ŠË`ÝVaoVXZwnbå^àg“mV². AZwËnÝZm`m§ ì`ŠVm¡ Vpñ‘Z² Xoeo AgÎdmX², CËnÝZm`m‘{nVñ`m§ VXZwnbå^àg“mV² M. ZM *V`m gh¡d CËnÚVo* B{V dmÀ`§,{ZË`Ëd~mYmnÎmo… ZM *ì`ŠË`ÝVmamX² Am`m{V* B{V dmÀ`‘², A‘yV©ËdmX², `V…Am`m{V VÌ AZwnbå^àg“mV² M. ZM *A§eoZ Am`m{V* B{V dmÀ`§,{Za§eËdmä`wnJ‘mX², EH$ñ`m… AVrVmZmJV-dV©‘mZ-ì`pŠVfw A§eVmo d¥Îmo…AeŠ`dMZËdmV² M. Ed§ ì`pŠVZmeo VÌ pñWVm`m… CnbpãYàg“mV², `mZo VÌnwZ…nwZ… àdoeoZ ì`ŠË`ÝVao {ÛJwUmonbpãYàg“mV² M, Vñ‘mX² {dH$ënmH$(?H$m)a‘mÌ‘²nm. o.9 BX§, ZVw gm‘mÝ § Zm‘ nXmW©… H$píMX² ApñV. ZM Jdmídm{X-d¡{MÍ`mZwnn{Îm…, {d{MÌ-ñd^md-ñdbjU-Xe©ZdemXod VXwnnÎmo…. ZM*gm‘mÝ`ê$nñ` AW©ñ` A^mdo H$W§ gm‘mÝ`{dH$ën…* B{V dmÀ`‘², AW©eyÝ`ñ`m{n{dH$ënñ` ewpŠVaOVmXm¡ Xe©ZmV². ZM *Ed§ {dg§dmXmnË`m bmoH$ì`dhma~mYmn{Îm…*

B{V dmÀ §, `Wm ‘Ê`{W©Zmo ‘{Uà^m`m§ ‘{U~wÕçm àd¥Îmm¡ Vñ`m… ~wÕo… naåna`m‘{Uà^dËdoZ ‘{UàmnH$V`m g§dmXmX² ì`dhma{g{Õ…, VWm {d{MÌmW©{H«$`mg‘W©-ñdbjUm{^‘m{ZZmo Om`‘mZñ` AW©eyÝ`ñ`m{n Om{V{dH$ënñ` naåna`mVËà^dV`m g§dmXmV² VmÑe-ì`dhmam{W©-àd¥Îmoa{n {gÕo….

{H$ÄM "Ho$emÊS>H$'Ý`m oZ{Q>.1 ñWybmd^mgñ` CnnÎmm¡ gpÄMVmZoH$-na‘mUw-nwÄOm{V[aŠVñ` Ad`{dZmo ì`pŠVê$nñ` A^mdmX² XyamnmñV§ {ZamYma§ gm‘mÝ`‘².ZM *gm‘mÝ`^mdo H$W§ "Jm¡…-Jm¡…' B{V AZwJVmH$maàVr{V…* B{V eL²H$ç§,{dbjUê$n-ñdbjUñd^mdmXod gå^dmV². gm‘mÝ`dm{XZm{n ZmZm{dYmZm§JmoËdmídËdmXrZm§ gm‘mÝ`Ëdm{deofo@{n VoZ-VoZ VÎmX²ì`pŠVfw VÎmËàVr{VOZZo

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ñd^mdñ ¡d AmlÙr`ËdmV². Vñ‘mX² {dH$ën‘mÌ‘od gm‘mÝ §, ZVw dñVw VX²*B{V Amhþ….

1. Ho$emoÊSw>H$/Ho$emoÊS>H$ B{V ‘moZrAa {d{b`åg {da{MVH$moeo n¥. 310.(í`m). VÌ nmW©gma{W{‘lm… Y Z Ed§ gm‘mÝ`‘ ² An•m oV w § eŠ`§,

àË`j~b{gÕËdmV². ""A § Jm¡… A`‘{n Jm¡…''-""A § d¥j… A`‘{n d¥j…''B{V àË`jñ` XoeH$mbmdñWmÝVao A{dn ©ñVËdmV² gd©à‘mUmonOrì oZ àË`joU¡ddñVwZmo ÛçmH$maËd{gÕm¡, Hw$VH$m© mgmZm§ «mÝVËdmV². ZMAZw‘mZoZm{n EVX²~mY…,CnOrì`ËdmV². oXm oXm{dH$ënoZ gm‘mÝ § {ZamHw$d©Vm Ëd`m{n *""`X² dñVw VX²{^ÝZ‘² A{^ÝZ§ dm ^d{V. gm‘mÝ`‘{n `{X dñVw ñ`mV² V{h© {^ÝZ‘² A{^ÝZ§ dmñ`mV². ZM ÛoYm{n gå^d{V, Vñ‘mX² AdñVw''* B{V dŠVì`‘², AÝ`Wm{Q>.1

dñVwËdñ` oXm oXì`mßVËdmX² ì`mnH$mZwnbãÜ`m{Q>.2* gm‘mÝ`ñ` AdñVwVm`m…dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². VWm g{V A“rH¥$V‘od{Q>.3 gm‘mÝ § dñVw. ZM *gm‘mÝ`…Am¡nm{YH$mo "dñVw'eãXmo, Z Om{V{Z{‘ÎmH$mo, AVmo Z AZoZ Om{V{g{Õ…* B{VdmÀ`‘², AZoZ Om{V{gÕç^mdo@{n Cnm{Yê$ngm‘mÝ`ñ` {gÕçm AZwJVmH$mañ`gm‘mÝ`ñ` {gÕËdmV². Am¡nm{YH$mZm‘{n{Q>.4 ‘ybmonbjU§ {dZm{Q>.5 ñdê$nbm^m-^mdmV²{Q>.6. ì`md¥Îm¡H$ag§ gd©‘² Aä wnJÀN>V… gm¡JVñ` Šd{MX{n AZwd¥Îmê$nm^mdoZAm¡nm{YH$ì`dhmañ`m{n XwK©Q>ËdmV², {gÕoM Ed‘² AZwd¥ÎmmH$mao ~mYH$m^mdmX²Om{Vê$n‘{n {Z…àË yh‘². Vñ‘mV²{Q>.7 gd©à‘mU{gÕ§ gm‘mÝ § Z An•moVw§ eŠ`‘².*ZZw V{h© {dH$ënmZm§ H$… n[ahma…?* B{V MoV², Z H$mo@{n, An[aöVmZm‘{nVofm‘² A{H$pÄMËH$aËdmV². gm‘mÝ`m^mdo Vofm‘{n ñdê$nbm^m^mdmX² B{V CŠV‘².

AWm{n MoV² VXmJ«h… V{h© Vo@{n n[a{õ`ÝVo :-

VÌ Ho${MV²{Q>.8 *{^ÝZ‘od gm‘mÝ § ì`pŠVä`…. ZM

1nm.ô.10. AÝd`ì`mßË`ZwnJ‘o ì`{VaoH$ì`mßVm¡ AdñVwËdñ` AàdoemV²gmÜ`mà{gÕçm(A).AÝd`ì`mßË`^mdo B{V(Am). 2. ì`{Va oH$ì`mßË`mdñVwËdmàdoemV² gmÜ`mà{gÕçm(Am). 3. CŠVmZw‘mZoZ gm‘mÝ`ñ` njËdo g{V

ôXmôXeyÝ`Ëdê$nhoËdmYmaËdoZ A“rH¥$V‘² B{V AW©…(A Am). 4. à`moJmUm§ì`dhmamUm§ M B{V AW©…(A Am J). 5. AZwd¥ÎmmH$mamË‘H$‘yb§ {dZm(A). 6.VWmM"dñVw'eãXñ` Am¡nm{YH$Ëdg‘W©Zm` VÝ‘yb yVmo AZwd¥ÎmmH$maËdê$nmonm{Y…Vd Amdí`H$Ed B{V AW©…(Am J). 7. ì`ŠË` oXm{X~mYH$gÎdo Cnm{Yê$nñ`VX^mdo Om{Vê$nñ` gm‘mÝ`ñ` AàË yhËdmX² B{V AW©…(Am J). 8. d¡eo{fH$m…(í`m).

n¥WJwnbpãYàg“…, ì`pŠVg‘doVËdoZ AÝ`Ì VX^mdmV². ZM *ì`ŠË`{VaoHo$UAXe©ZmX² A oX…* eL²H$Zr`…, IÊS>‘wÊS>`mo… Jdmo… IÊS>‘wÊS>mH$mañ` ì`md¥Îmñ`Xe©ZmV². A oXo JdmH$madX² CŠVmH$mañ`m{n AZwd¥Ë`mnÎmo…, EH$ñ`m{n ì`ŠVm¡""B § Jm¡…'' B{V àË` o ""Jm¡…-Jm¡…''B{VdX² "BX§'~w{Õ•"Jmo'~wÕçmo… n`m© VmnÎmo…M. ZM ì`ŠVo… VmÐÿß`-àË``mZwnn{Îm-àg“…{Q>.1, g‘dm`gå~ÝY‘{håZ¡dVpËgÕo…. Vñ‘mX² AXmof…''* B{V Amhþ….

VËdÝVw nydm}ŠVÝ`m oZ oXñ`, VmXmËå`àVrË`m M A oXñ`, {gÕËdmX²,{^ÝZm{^ÝZËd‘od wŠV‘². ZM oXm oX`mo… {damoY… eL²H$Zr`…{Q>.2, ghXe©ZoZ¡d{Q>.3

eL²H$m{ZamgmV². ZM A{Vàg“…{Q>.4, ""BX§ aOV§-ZoX§ aOV‘²'' B{VdV²nañnamon‘Xm© mdmV². AV… ""B §-Jm¡…'' B{V ~w{ÕÛ § gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`mn`m© Ëdmä`m‘²A oX§ oX§ M Om{Vì`ŠË`mo… ì`dñWmn`Vr{V àVr{V~bmXod AÌ oXm oXm{damoY….{H$ÄM, Jmoê$noU {Zê$nUo JmoOmË`m ì`pŠV… A oXoZ àVr`Vo. ""Jm¡… A § em~bo …''B{V ì`ŠË`ÝVamË‘Zm {Zê$nUo M Om{V oXoZ àVr`Vo. ""`mo@ § em~bo mo Jm¡… gZ ~mhþbo`…'' B{V JdmH$mamnoj`m em~bo`mH$mamnoj`m M{Q>.5 ôXmX{n VWmHw$S²>çXÊS>m{Xfw {déÕñd^mdmZm§ XrK©õñdmXrZm‘² Anojm oXoZ A{damoYdX² C^ {Q>.6-àVrË`{deofmV²{Q>.7. ZM *‹{Q>.8d¡bjÊ`àVr{V… ôXàVr{V… Ad¡bjÊ`àVr{VñVwA oXàVr{V[a{V oXàVr{Vg‘ o, oZ Om{Vì`ŠVr {^ÝZo AdJVo{Q>.9, VoZ¡d nw§gmA oXàVr{Vg‘ o V`mo… AÝ`VaX² EH§$ àVr`VB{V, EH${Zð>mH$maÛ`ñ` n`m© oUAdJmhmX² EH${Zð>{ÛàVr{V…, gmM oXàVr{Vaod ZVw oXm oXàVr{V[a{V, VX^mdmV²Z ôXmôX`mo… A{damoY…* B{V dmÀ`§, dñVwÛ`àVrVo… ôXàVr{VËdm^mdmV².EH$ì`pŠVXe©Zo Om{Vì`ŠË`mo… gËdo@{n ôXmàË``mV².ì`ŠË`ÝVaXe©ZEdOmË`Ýd oZ nyd©ì`pŠVì`{VaoHo$U M Om{Vì`pŠVàË``ñ` ^dVmo@{n

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1. Om{Vg‘mZmH$maËd...B{V AW©…(A Am). 2. à{V`mo{JVX^md`mo… Šdm{nghmdñWmZmXe©ZmX² B{V AW©…(A). 3. IÊS>mH$ma‘² Anoú` ôXXe©Zo@{n VX²AZnoú` A oXñ` Xe©ZoZ B{V AW©…(A).JmdmH$maoU A oXñ` IÊS>mÚmH$maoUoXñ` M EH$ñ`m§ ì`ŠVm¡ EH$g‘Èd AdJmhoZ B{V AW©…(Am J). 4. AÝ`Ìm{n

à{V`mo{JVX^md`mo… ghmdñWmZmn{Îm… B{V AW©…(A).Z àg"…(Am H$ J) 5.ÑîQ>mÝVXmîQ>m©pÝVH$àVrË`mo… Ad¡bjÊ`mX² B{V AW©…(A Am). 8. àm^mH$a‘VoZAmjon…(í`m) 9. C^`Ìnm. o.17 OmË`Ýd oZ nyd©ì`ŠVo… ì`{VaoHo$U M {^ÝZo kmVoB{V AW©…(A).

A{^‘VËdmV². H$pÄMV² nwéf§ XyamV² ní`V… nydm}nbãY§ M VËgÑe§ ñ‘aV…dñVwV… nwéfÛ`àVrVmd{n ""gmo@`‘²'' B{VàVrË`m oXmZdYmaUmV²{Q>.1 nydm}nbãY‘odnwéf§ H$mbmÝVao XyamV² ní`V… {H$pÄMÛ¡bjÊ onm. o.11 oXàË``mV² M. ZM AÌ{Q>.2

‘mZm^md…, ""qH$ gEd A`‘² CV AÝ`…'' B{V g§e`dmŠ`ñ ¡d ‘mZËdmV².AÝ`Wm VXZwX`mV². Vñ‘mX² ""AÝ`mo@`§-ZmÝ`mo@`‘²'' BËòd ôXmôX~wÕçmo…AmH$mam¡. AVmo Ûm¡ Jmdm¡ Cnbä`‘mZñ` C^`Ì JmoàË``mX² ""A`‘² Añ‘mX²AÝ`…'' B{V àË``mV² M CnnÝZ§ {^ÝZm{^ÝZËd‘². EdÄM ì`ŠË`mË‘ê$nËdmX²ì`pŠVJV¡d{Q>.3 Om{V… gmM ñdH$maUmX² CËnÚ‘mZm`m§ ì`ŠVm¡ H$maUdemV²gå~Ü`Vo. ZM *Apñ‘Z² Xoeo àmJ² A{dÚm‘mZm`m… H$W‘² EVÔoegå~ÝY…* B{VeL²H$ç‘², Apñ‘Z² Xoeo àmJ² A{dÚ‘mZñ ¡d XoemÝVamX² AmJVm¡ H$maUdemXodg§`moJXe©ZmV². EVmdmZ² na§ {deofmo `V² g§`moJmo XoemÝVañWñ` AZoZ XoeoZH«${‘H$…, VmXmËå`-g‘dm``moñVw AZÝVaXoe‘² AZnoú ¡d gmh{gH$…, g§ moJñ`VmXmËå`g‘dm``mo… M EH$ñd^mdm^mdmV². ZM *OmVo… {ZË`ËdoZ ì`ŠVrZm§ MA{ZË`ËdoZ A oXmo AZwnnÝZ…* B{V eL²H$ç§, Vñ` dñVwZmo ZmZmH$mam“rH$mamV²,Ho$Z{MX² AmH$maoU {ZË`Ëdñ` Ho$Z{MX² A{ZË`Ëdñ` M YmaUoZ A{damoYmX².EdÄM OmVo… ì`pŠVê$noU A{ZË`Ëdñ`, ì`ŠVoíM Om{Vê$noU {ZË`Ëdñ` CŠVmd{n~mYH$m^mdmV². `{XM gd©JV§ gm‘mÝ`‘² Cno`Vo, VXm{n ì`ŠVrZm‘²A{^ì`ÄOH$ËdmV² g§`wŠVg‘dm`ñ` gm‘mÝ`J«mhH$-g§{ZH$f©ñ` ì`pŠVXoeEdgËdmV² Z gd©Ì CnbpãYàg“…. Ed‘² AôXnjo@{n AmH$maôXm“rH$mamV²{ZË`Ëdm{ZË`Ëdm{XdV² gd©JVËdmgd©JVËdm{XH$‘{n Z AZwnnÝZ‘². d¥Îmm¡H$mËñÝ`mªe-{d^mJñVw à‘mUVmo d¥Ë`dJVo… Z e{L²H$Vw‘{n eŠ`Vo. ì`ŠVo…

nwÄOê$nËdm^mdñVw Ho$emÊS>H$dV² nwÄOàVrË`^mdmXod {ZañV…. VoZ {ZamYmaVm{nn[aöVm ~moÜ`m. Vñ‘mX² ApñV A{V[aŠVm AmH¥${V…{Q>.4

1. ""g Ed A`‘²'' B{V àË`{^kmZmV² VWm AW©…(A). 2. dñVwÛ`àVrVm¡oXmZdYmaUo EH$dñVwàVrVm¡ oXmdYmaUo M B{V AW©…(A). 3. ì`pŠVñdê$nËdmX²

B{V AW©…(A Am). 4. Om{V‘odmH¥$qV àmhþ… ì`pŠVam{H«$`Vo ``m, gm‘mÝ § VÀM{nÊS>Zm‘oH$~w{Õ{Z~ÝYZ‘² (íbmo.dm.:AmH¥$.dmX.H$m[a.3) B{V mÅ>‘Vo OmË`mH¥$Ë`mo…A^ oXñdrH$ ma mV ² AmH ¥ $ {V… Zm‘ Om{Va od, J « ÝWH ¥ $X ² {^… BhlrnmW©gma{WH¥$VemñÌXr{nH$mVmo {OkmgmH¥$Ë`{YH$aUJV`mo…(1&1&1-1&3&10){Zê$nU`mo… gmam§e… CÕ¥V…(í`m).

{ZË o{V V`m eãXñ` gå~ÝYmo@{n {ZË`… B{V {gÕ‘². "XodXÎmm'{XZmåZmÝVwàË`jV… gå~ÝYH$Vw©… Cnbå^mX², ì`ŠVmdod M gå~ÝYmV²; Z VÝÝ`m oZ gd}fm§VWmËd§nm. o.12, gå~ÝYH$Vw©… AZwnbå^mX², AmH¥$Vm¡ gå~ÝYmV² M B{V {XH²$.

`Îm w Ho${MV² *AmH ¥ $Vm ¡ eŠË`“rH$ma o ""d « rhrZ ² AdhpÝV''(Amn.lm¡.gy.1&19&11) ""new‘² AmbôV²'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.3&1&11)BË`m{X{dÜ`mZW©Š § {ZË`m`m… AmH¥$Vo… AdhZZmbå^mÚ`moJmV², {b“g§»`m-H$maH$mZÝd`íM A{b“ËdmX² EH$ËdmX² A‘yV©ÎdmV² M, ""Jm¡… ewŠbm'' BË`mXm¡gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`~mYíM Om{VJwU`mo… {^ÝZËdmV². Ed‘² AÝ`X{n ÐîQ>ì`‘². Vñ‘mV²Z AmH¥$Vm¡ epŠV… {H$ÝVw ì`ŠVmdod. ZM *EH$Ì eŠVm¡ kmVm`m§ ì`ŠË`ÝVa~moYmoXwK©Q>…, VÌ eŠVo… AkmZmX² * B{V dmÀ §, OmVo… CnbjH$ËdoZ AXmofmV². ""`…ewŠbdmgm… g XodXÎm…'' B{VdX² ""`m Ed‘mH¥${VH$m gm Jm¡…'' BË od§ ~moYgå^dmV².Om{V‘² EH$m‘² Cnbú` ì`pŠV~moYZmÀM, Z AZoH$epŠVH$ënZmn{Îm….AmH¥${V{d{eîQ>m`m§ dm ì`ŠVm¡ gm AñVw VWm g{V Z H$mo@{n Xmof…* B{V Amhþ….

VV² Z, {d{eîQ>mçm§ eŠVo… H$ënZo eŠ`Û`mnÎ`m Jm¡admV², Ho$dbm`m§ VËH$ënZoVmgm‘² AVrVmZmJVdV©‘mZmZm‘² AZÝVËdoZ eŠ`ËdkmZmgå^dmV², ewŠbm`m§ì`ŠVm¡ ì wËnÝZñ` "Jm¡'eãXñ` H¥$îUm`m§ à`moJo ì`{^MmamX², ""Añ` nXñÀ`‘od AWm} Z AÝ`…'' B{V Ed§bjUH$ËdoZ eŠVo… {Z`‘ê$nËdmX² ì`ŠË`ÝVao@{n

65 66

eŠVm¡ Vñ`m… ì`{^Mmaàg“oZ {Z`‘ê$nËdhmZo… AZÝVeŠË`mnÎmo… M. ZM*OmVo… CnbjUËdmV² Z AmZÝË`‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, VWm{n A{^Yo`mZÝËòZVXn[ahmamX², ì wËn{Îmg‘Èd OmVo… CnbjUËdmX², hñV‘w{ÐV§ ‘{UÌ § H¥$Ëdm""‘ÕñV{n{hV§ V² VV² "‘{U'nXdmÀ`‘²'' B{V CŠVm¡ dŠV¥hñVñ` CnbjUËdo@{n"‘{UÌ`'nXoZ ‘{Uì`ŠVrZm‘od A{^YmZmV². {H$ÄM AmH¥${V‘² A{df`rH¥$Ë`ì`pŠV‘mÌm{^

YmZo eãXoZ ì`pŠVaod àVr oV ZVw {dOmVr`ì`md¥Îmm gm. VWm g{V ""new‘²Amb oV'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.3&1&11) B{V dmŠ`mX² `… H$píMX² AÝ`… Ambä oV,gÝXohmZnm`mV². `{XM *ì`ŠVo… OmË`{dZm^yVËdmX² A{^YmZg‘Èd eãXmoOm{V‘{n {df`rH$amo{V* B{V CÀ`Vo, VXm Jm¡OmVr § àË`m``Z² àW‘§ Om{V‘odJmoMa`{V B{V AmJV‘². VWm g{V {d{eîQ>Ed eŠË`mn{Îm… ZVw Ho$dbì`ŠVm¡.ZM *Ed‘od AñVw* B{V dmÀ §, VWm g{V nydª OmË`{^YmZmV² VX{dZm yVì`ŠVoa{nVVEd à{Vn{Îm[a{V Z VÌ epŠVH$ënZmnojm. {H$ÄM ì`ŠVrZm§ IÊS>‘wÊS>m{X oXoZ{d{MÌËdmV² VX{^YmZo {MÌ~w{Õa{nnm.ô.13 CËnÚoV ZVw EH$mH$mam. CËnÚVoVwEH$mH$mam AVmo AÝd`ì`{VaoH$mä`m§ Om{Vaod A{^Yo`m B{V {ZíM`…. ZMnydm}ŠVXyfUmn{Îm…, AmH¥$Vo… ì`ŠË`ì`{V[aŠVËdmV². EH$ñ`¡d dñVwZmoì`md¥ÎmmZwd¥Îmê$nmä`m‘² C^`mË‘H$Vm`m… nyd©‘² Cnnm{XVËdmV². AVmo AdhZZmXo…{b"mXo… M ñdagoZ¡d AÝd`B{V AXmof…. oXnjo@{n Om{V… ì`pŠV‘² AÝVaoUAZwnnÝZm Vm‘² Amjoßñ`{V. AmjoníM bjUm AWm©n{Îm… dm. AV… V ¡dì`pŠV~moYmonnÎmm ¡ Z VÌ epŠVH$ënZmnojm. EdÄM ""newZm ÒoV''(H$mR>.g§{h.8&1) ""AéU`m... H«$sUm{V'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&1&6) BË`mXm¡ lwV§H$aUËd‘² A‘yV© moa{n Om{VJwU`mo… Ðì`n[aÀN>oXH$ËdoZ VÌ ‘w»`V ¡d CnnËñ`Vo.A{YH$aUgåàXmZm{Xê$n§ H$maH$ÝVw A‘yV©ñ` gmjmX² Agå^X² A oX§ bjUm§ dmAm{lË` CnnËñ`Vo. VWm ""í oZ{MqV {MÝdrV'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.2&4&11&1) BË`mXm¡AmH¥$Voaod gmÑí`à{V`mo{JV`m H$m`m©Ýd`mo Ñí`Vo. AVmo A oXnjo oXnjo MXmofm^mdmX² AmH¥$Vmdod epŠV… {ZíMo m B{V * Amhþ….

JwadñVw *AZwnn{ÎmkmZ‘² AÝVaoUm{n ""Jm¡… ApñV'' B{V dmŠ`mX²JmoËd{d{eï>àVrVo…, Z AWm©n{Îm… Amjon… {H$ÝVw g‘mZg§{dËg§doÚËd‘² Amjon…,àË`jo ì`pŠV-^mZ-gm‘½a²çm OmVo[ad-emãXo Om{V-^mZ-gm‘½a²ç¡d ì`ŠVoa{n

~moYmX², Om{V{Y`m ì`pŠV{df`rH$aUo Om{Vì`ŠË`mo… EH$Yr{df`ËdmV². `ÛmOm{VepŠVaod ì`pŠV§ ~moY`Vr{V Ed‘² EH$eŠË`m `wJnX² C^`~moYmV²g‘mZg§{dËg§doÚËd‘². AZ{Vàg“ñVw JmoËdeŠVñ` JmoËd{d{eï>~moYZmX²* B{VAmhþ….

doXmÝVXe©ZoVw XodVm{dJ«hm{YH$aUo ""eãXB{VMoÝZmV… à^dmV²àË`jmZw‘mZmä`m‘²'' BË`m{XgyÌ(~«.gy.1&3&28-30)Ìò gJm©{Xnjo@{nì`mgMaU¡… eãXmW© mo… Am¡Ën{ÎmH$… gå~ÝYmo `… g‘{W©V…, V‘² Ed‘²-

(1)Ho${MX² ì wËnmX`pÝV, VWm{h, "" "EV'B{V, d¡ àOmn{V…,XodmZ², Ag¥OV, "Ag¥J«‘²'B{V ‘Zwî`mZ², "BÝXd…'B{V {nV¥Z²,"{Va…n{dÌ‘²'B{V J«hmZ², "Aed…'B{V ñVmoÌ§, "{dídm{Z'B{V eñÌ‘²,"A{^gm¡ Jo'B{V AÝ`m… àOm…'' BË`m{Xlw{Vfw, ""AZm{X{ZYZm {ZË`mdmJwËg¥ï>m ñd`å^wdm AmXm¡ doX‘`r {Xì`m `V… gdm©… àd¥Îm`…''(Hy$‘©nwam.1&2&27){Q>.1 B{V ""Zm‘ê$n§ M yVmZm§ H$‘©Um§ M àdV©Z§{Q>.2

doXeãXoäÈdmXm¡ {Z‘©‘o g ‘hoída…'' (Hy$‘©nwam.1&7&64) ""gd}fm§gVw Zm‘m{Z H$‘m©{U M n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ doXeãXoäÈdmXm¡ n¥WH²$ g§ñWmíM{Z‘©‘o'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.1&21) BË`m{Xñ‘¥{Vfw M gJm©Xm¡ d¡{XH$eãXmXodOJXwËn{ÎmH$WZmX² XodmÚmH¥${V{deof§ {dJ«hdËd~moYH$‘ÝÌmW©dmXm{Xä`moAdJË` "" y[a{V ì`mhaZ² y{‘‘² Ag¥OV'' (V¡{Îm.~«m÷.2&2&4&2)BË`m{XlwVo… bmoH$mXrZm‘² AmH¥$qV {MH$s{f©Vm§ ~wÕm¡ Am{b»`VÎmXmH$maH$OJËH$aUmV² g¥îQ²>çmÚ“rH$mao@{n AmH¥$Vmdod{Q>.3 gå~ÝYmo,‘hmàb o gd©ì`dhmamoÀN>oXo@{n na‘oídamZwJ¥hrVmZm§ {haÊ`J^m©XrZm‘²B©ídamUm§ VËñ‘aUmV²; VWm ""`mo ~«÷mU§ {dXYm{V nydª `mo d¡ doXm§íMà{hUmo{V Vñ‘¡'' (ídoVm.Cn. 6&18) B{V ""gy`m©MÝÐ‘gm¡ YmVm`Wmnyd©‘H$ën`X² {Xd§ M n¥{Wdt MmÝV[aj‘Wmo gwd…'' (‘hmZm.Cn.5&7)BË`m{XlwVo…, ""F$frUm§ Zm‘Yo m{Z míM doXofw Ñï>`… ed© ©ÝVo àgyVmZm§VmÝ od¡ä`mo XXmËÒ…'' ({dîUwnwam.1&5&65)

67 68

1. ‘hm.^m.em § .n.232/24(í`m). 2. "ànÄMZ‘ ²' B{VH$m{eamO‘w{ÐVnmR>…(í`m). 3. Apñ‘Z² njo doXeãXoäÈd AmH¥$Ë`dJ‘mX² A‘yVm© m…AmH¥$Vo… doXeãXofw eãXê$noU gËH$m ©dmXmV² H$maUê$noU B©ídao dm AdñWmZ§,VVmo ì`ŠË wËnÎmm¡ H$maUñWm`m… AmH¥$Vo… ì`pŠVgå~ÝY… eãXñ` AmH¥${Vgå~ÝYñVwCŠVarË`m {ZË`… na‘oídaH$V¥©H$… M B{V {gÜ`{V(A).

BË`m{Xñ‘¥Vo… M B{V(~«.gy.em§.^m.1&3&28-30).

(2)AÝòVw *""dmMm {dê$n{ZË``m'' (F$Šg§{h.8&75&6) B{V lwVo…doXñdê$nñ`, ""gy m©MÝÐ‘gm¡'' (F$Šg§{h.10&190&1) B{V lwË`m OJËàdmhñ`M {ZË`Ëdo {gÕo d¡{XH$mZm§ eãXmZm§ àdmh{Q>.1Ed gå~ÝY‘² (~«.gy.‘m.^m.1&3&28-30)* Am{Ð`ÝVo.

(3)BVaoVw * BVadmŠ`dX² doXñ`m{n CËn{Îmàb`àË``mV² Z AmH$mem{XdV²{ZË`Ëd§ {H$ÝVw F$½Òwam{XZmåZm‘² AmZwnydu{deofmË‘H$ñ` ê$nñ` M à{VgJ©‘²EH$ê$nËdmV² g‘mZ-Zm‘ê$n-àdmhmZwÀN>oX-ê$n‘od {ZË`Ëd‘². ZM *gyú‘ê$noUAdpñWVñ` A{^ì`ÄOH$moËnË`m{X{^… CËn{Îm «‘… H$ënZr`…*, bm¡{H$H$dmŠ o@{nVWm H$ën{`Vw§ eŠ`ËdmV², gyú‘ê$noU H$m`©‘mÌñ` {ZË`Vmä`wnJ‘mV². AWdV©‘mZmdñW ¡d gËd§ doXñ` B{V MoV², Z, KQ>mXmd{n VWm àg“mX², XÊS>mXrZm‘²A{^ì`ÄOH$Ëdgå^dmX² dV©‘mZËdm{^ì`ŠË`mo… ôXm^mdmV² M. AV…CŠVàË``mZwam oYmV² àdmhmZwÀN> oXê$n‘od eãXñ` {ZË`Ëd‘². doXíMAÝV`m©{‘gL²H$ënmV² gJm©Xm¡ {haÊ`J^m©{X{^… A~w{Õnyd©‘od ñdmßZnXmW©dV²à{V^m‘mÌoU AZw^y`Vo. B©ídañVw gd©kËdmV² g‘mZmZwnydu{Z‘m©U§ H$amo{V B{VCnnÚV o. AVíM ídmgàídmgdV ² n wéf~ wÕçOÝ`Ëd oZ d oX of w ZAàm‘mÊèL²H$m`mA{n gå^d…. BXÄM ""`mo ~«÷mU‘²'' (ídoVm.Cn.6&18)B{V ""AZm{X{ZYZm'' (‘hm^m.12&232&24-26. Hy$‘©nwam.ny.{d.1&2&27) B{Vlw{Vñ‘¥{Vä`m‘² AdJå`Vo, nydm}ŠVlwË`m{X{^… M. VVEd OJXwËn{Îm[a{Vì`ŠË wËn{ÎmH$mbEd gå~ÝYmo@{n àdmhEd (~«.gy.{d.^m.1&3&28-30) B{V*amoM`ÝVo.

1. "àdmhmo' Zm‘ A{dpÀN>ÝZnaånam. VWmM ZXrObofw ZmZmËdo@{n àdmhoeŠË`m Z "ZXr'nXeŠË`mZÝË`‘²; VWm, "goZm'-"dZm'{Xfw. Ed§ "KQ>m'{XnXmZm§àdmhê$noU ì`pŠVfw eŠVmd{n Z eŠË`mZÝË`§ Zm{n Amjon{b"mZÝd`mXr{VVWm(A).

{gÕmÝVñVw :-

Z AmH¥${V‘mÌo gå~ÝY…, gd©Ì bjUmàg“mV², ""gm ì`pŠV§ {dZmAZwnnÚ‘mZm Vm‘² Am{jn{V'' B{V CnJ‘mV². Zm{n AWm©n{Îmnj… gmYr`mZ²,ì`pŠV~moYZm§eo nXmZm‘² Aàm‘mÊ`àg“mV². AZwnn{ÎmkmZ‘²AÝVaoUm{n "Jmo'eãXmX²JmoËd{d{eï>àVr{VXe©ZoZ AWm©nÎmo… ì`mnmaËdñ`m{n Ag“VËdmV². Zm{ng‘mZg§{dËg§doÚËdnjmo wŠVmo, "Jmo'-"JmoËd'nX`mo… n`m© VmnÎmo…, "JmoËd'nXmX²JmoàË``mnÎmo… BË`m{X-Z¡`m{`H$moŠVXyfUJ«mgmX², ""`… {gŠVaoVm… ñ`mV² gàW‘m‘wnXÜ`mX²'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h. 5&5&4) BË`mXm¡ {gŠVaoVñËdmXo… AmH¥${VËdm^mdoZlw{V{damoYmnÎmo… M. ZM *VÌ àd¥{Îm{Z{‘ÎmEd gå~ÝY…* B{V dmÀ`‘², CnmYo…A{ZË`ËdoZ {Z`‘^“àg“mV². {gŠVaoVñËdmXo… à‘mUmÝVaoUm{n J«hUmV²,VX²~moYH$doXmà‘mÊ`mnÎmo…, Vñ` Y‘©ñ` CnYmZH$V¥©Ëdm`moJmV² nXàd¥{Îmd¡ Ï`m©nÎmo…,B©ÑeñWbo ì`dhmañ` AeŠ`dMZËdoZ gL²Ho$VJ«h{damoYmV² M. Vñ‘mV² ZAmH¥${V‘mÌo gå~ÝY… {H$ÝVw ì`ŠVmdod gå~ÝY…. ZM *ì`ŠVo… A{ZË`ËdmV²gå~ÝYm{ZË`Ëd§* eL²H$ç§, doXmoŠVnXmWm©Zm‘² Am{YX¡{dH$mZm§ nwéfmd`dê$nËdoZ{ZË`ËdmV². ZM *Ad`dmZm§ hñVnmXm{Xê$nËdoZ KQ>mÚmH$maH$Ëdm^mdmV² H$W§Om{V-JwU-{H«$`m-Ðì`-Zm‘-dmMH$nXOmVñ` Ad`do gå~ÝY…* B{V eL²H$ç§,gd©ñ` ^JdXZwH$m[aV`m VXd`dmZm§ gd©ê$nËdmV², nwéfgyŠVoZ VXW©{ZíMm`H$-{ÛVr`ñH$ÝYmÜ`m oZ M VWm {ZíM`mV². ""`Xmñ` Zmä`mÝZ{bXZmXh‘mg§ ‘hmË‘Z…Zm{dX§ `kgå^mamZ² nwéfmd`dmX² F$Vo Vofw `kñ` ned… gdZñnV`… Hw$em…''(^mJ.nwam.2&6&22) BË`mXrZm§ ""nwéfmd`d¡aoV¡… gå^mam… gå^¥Vm ‘`m''(^mJ.nwam.2&6&26) BË`ÝVmZm§ dmŠ`mZm§ VÌ Xe©ZmV². ""V‘od ^mÝV‘Zw m{Vgd©‘²'' (H$R>mon.5&15/‘wÊS>. Cn.2&2&10/ídoVm.Cn.6&14) B{V lwË`mAZwH¥$Ë`{YH$aUo(~«.gy.1&3&22) gd©ñ` ^JdXZwH$m[aËdH$WZoZ ^JdV…gdm©H$maËd{gÕo…. EdÄM ""gd} doXm… ËnX‘m‘ZpÝV'' (H$R>mon.2&15) ""d¡X¡íM

69 70

gd£ah‘od doÚ…'' (^J.JrVm.15&15) ""‘m§ {dYÎmo@{^YÎmo ‘m§ {dH$ëß`mnmoh² Voh² h‘² EVmdmZ² gd©doXmW©…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&31&43) BË`m{Xfw ~mo{YV‘²

A{^YmZd¥Î`m doXñ` ^JdÛmMH$Ëd§ `WmlwV§ g“V§ ^doV². ZM *gyÌH$maoU""AV… à^dmX²'' (~«.gy.1&3&28) BË`ZoZ eãXmX² AWm}Ën{ÎmH$WZmX² Z Ed‘²AWm} wÁ`Vo* B{V eL²H$ç§, naà{gÕçm namo ~moYZr`B{V O¡{‘{Zg‘mYmZmWªVWm H$WZmV². VoZ{Q>.1{h AZwnbãYEd AW} MmoXZm~boZ Y‘©nXmW©ñ` gÎmm`m…VÌ àd¥Ë`ì`{VaoH$ñ` M ñdrH$mamV². AV… Ed§ H$WZ§ Z d¡{XH§$ ànÄMmÝVa§{déU{Õ. dñVwVñVwnm.ô.14 "à^d'eãXñ` kmZ{df`Ëd‘mÌ‘² AW©…. Vñ‘mV²na{dÚmZwgmaoU d¡{XH$mZm§ nXmWm©Zm§ {ZË`ËdmV² VÌ¡d nXmZm§ gå~ÝY….bm¡{H$H$mZwdmXH$mZmÝVw àdmho BËòd `wŠV‘². AVEd ""g‘mZZm‘...''(~«.gy.1&2&30) gyÌo "A{n'eãXJ«hU‘². AÝ`Wm EHo$Z gyÌoU¡d g‘m{Ygå^dmX²AÝ`VagyÌñ` "A{n'eãXñ` M d¡ Ï`m©nÎmo…. nwZ…nwZ… EH$Xm dm nXmWm}ËnÎmm¡,Aì`{^MmamË‘Ho$nm. o.15 gå~ÝYm(? ÝY){ZË`Ëdo, nm. o.16 {deofm^mdmV². EdÝVwñdê$n{ZË`Ëd§ `ñ`nm. o.17 à{gÕ§ Y‘©gÎdm{dÀN>oXdV² VmÑe§ gÝVË`{dÀN>oX§ MAmXm` C^`Wm {damoYg‘mYo… gmW©Š`{g{Õ[a{V A`‘od gyÌmW©…. ZM *àdmhoeŠË wnJ‘o VXd`d yVKQ>m{Xì`ŠË`~moY…* eL²H$çmo, "doX'-"{nV¥'-"‘mÌm'-{XnXmZm‘² Ad`{d{Z earaàdmho M eŠVmZm‘² Ad`d~moYH$Ëdñ` gd©gå‘VËdmV².ZM O¡{‘Zr`ñ‘¥Vo… {damoY…, ‘ÝXmWª doX{d^mJo VmZ² à{V Vñ` VWm {ZU© mV²H${bdÁ ©{ZU© dV². AVmo ""O¡{‘Zr o M d¡ mgo Z {damoYmo@pñV H$íMZ'' ( )B{V nwamUdmŠ`ñ`m{n Z {damoY…. dñVwVñVw O¡{‘Zoa{n ì`mgdXod Ame`….AÝ`Wm "Am¡Ën{ÎmH$'(O¡{‘.gy.1&1&5)nX- ñWbo "Z¡g{J©H$'nX‘od dXoV². `Îmw""d oXdmŠ`ñ` Z AmH$medV² {ZË`Ëd‘²'' BË`m{X CŠV§, VV ² Z,AdH$memoËn{ÎmZme`mo… àVr`‘mËdoZ VÌm{n Vm¡ë`mV². bmoHo$ AdH$mem{V[aŠVñÀmH$meñ` AàË``mV². H$mUmXm{Xñ‘¥{V{dídmgoZ VÌ {ZË`Ëd‘² CnJå`Hw$S>çVX^mdmXo… A{^ì`ÄOH$Ëdm{XH$ënZoVw ""dmMm {dê$n{ZË``m''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.2&6&11&2) ""AZm{X{ZYZm'' (Hy$‘©nwam.ny.{d.1&2&27)BË`m{Xlw{Vñ‘¥Ë`ZwamoYmV² ñWybê$noU¡d {ZË`Ëd§ doXñ` A“rH$m`©‘². AÝ`WmVÛ¡ Ï`m©nÎmo…. Vñ‘mV² ñdê$n{ZË`Ëd§ doXñ` {Z~m©Y‘² B{V {XH²$.

1. O¡{‘{ZZm(Am).

*ZZw Ed§ g{V BXmZrÝVZ`kofw bm¡{H$H$mZm§ Ðì`mUm§ H$W§ {d{Z`moJ…* B{VMoV², àmojUmYmZm{XZm ^JdXd`dmdoemV² VXmYmaËdoZ B{V ~«y‘…. Vofm§{ZË`n[apÀN>ÝZËdmX² J‘mJ‘ê$nm{d^m©d{Vamo md`mo… VÌ gËdmV². ì`mnH$ËdnjoVw{d{hVH$m`m©ZwHy$bËdê$nñ` gpÝZYmZñ`¡d AmdoeËdmV². Ed‘od ’$b^yVofwX odm{XbmoHo$îd{n ^JdXd`dmË‘H$-VXmdoem o ko`…. AVEd VmÑem‘²A{YH$mag‘mßVm¡ ‘wpŠVldU‘{n wÁ`Vo, d¡{XH$ñ` ànÄMñ` ‘moMH$ñd^mdËdmV².gM eãX¡H$g‘{YJå`… eãXm{lVEd, AWm©l`Ëdñ` eãXbjUñ` V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo{Zê$nUmV². Vñ` àË`j{damoYm^mdm` Am{YX¡{dH$‘² AW©‘² AmXm`¡dg‘W©Zr`ËdmX², ÛmXeñH$ÝYo@{n ""VVmo@ yV² {Ìd¥X² ›H$mamo `mo@ì`ŠV… à^d…ñdamQ²> `Împëb“§ ^JdVmo ~«÷U… na‘o{ð>Z…'' (^mJ.nwam. 12&6&39) B{V›H$mañ` ~«÷{b“earaËdH$WZmV² M. EVoZ¡d AW©ñ` dmL²>‘mÌËd§ dXÝVmo@{n{ZañVm… do{XVì`m…. eãXñ` AW©àË`m`H$Ëd‘{n AVEd ko`‘². ZM‘wInmQ>ZnyaUmÚmn{Îm…, VÌ VWm B©ídaoÀN>m@^mdmV², ghH$m[aÊ`m… {d{hV{H«$`m`m…A^mdmV² M. AVEd ""` EZ§ ewîHo$ ñWmUm¡ {Z{fÄMoX² Om oaZ² emIm… àamoho w…nbmem{Z'' (~¥h.Cn.6&3&8) BË`mXm¡ ‘ÝÌoU goH$mV² ’$bmonXe©Z§ wÁ`Vo{Q>.1.AVmo Z Xmof…. ZM *nwéfgyŠVo ""Vñ‘mX² {damS>Om`V'' (F$Šg§{h.10&90&5)B{V CËn{ÎmlmdUmV² H$W§ {ZË`Ëd‘² AW©ñ`* B{V eL²H$ç‘², EVñ` VVmo {^ÝZËdmV².V‘² CnH«$å` Vñ‘mX² Añ` CËn{ÎmH$WZmV². *ZZw V{h© VÌË`mZm‘² A{ZË`ËdmV²VÛmMH$nXmZm§ gå~ÝYñ` A{ZË`Ëd‘² An[ahm ©‘²* B{V MoV², Z, ""gy m©MÝÐ‘gm¡YmVm Wmnyd©‘H$ën`V²'' (‘hmZm.Cn.5&7) ""gd©doX‘ oZoX‘² AmË‘ZmË‘mË‘`mo{ZZmàOm… g¥O Wmnydª míM ‘æ`ZweoaVo'' (^mJ.nwam.3&9&43) BË`m{Xlw{Vñ‘¥{V{^…àdmhmZm{XËd{gÕm¡ VÌ gå~ÝYoZnm. o.18 AXmofmV². bmo{H$H$nXmZm‘{n Ef¡d J{V…~moÜ`m. dñVwVñVw bmoHo$@{n ì`ŠVmdod nXgå~ÝY…, gyÌÝVw dm{X~wÕçZwgmaoUgIÊS>~«÷dmXmZwgmaoU M ~moÜ`‘².

*ZZw ì`ŠVrZm‘² AmZÝË`mX² EH$Ì J¥hrVgå~ÝYñ` KQ>m{XnX¡…

1. VXw `gËdmX² wÁ`Vo B{V AW©…(J).KQ>mÝVa~moYmZwnn{Îm… Xwdm©ao{V, {d{eï>o gå~ÝYmo dmÀ`…* B{V MoV², Z,

~«÷dmXo nXmWm©Zm§ gd}fm§ ^JdX{^ÝZËdoZ {ZË`ËdmV², H$maUËdoZ A{^‘V¡…

71 72

A{^ì`pŠV‘mÌm“rH$mamX², EH$ñ ¡d AZoH$Ym ^dZoZ Am{d ©dZoZ {Vamo dZoZ MEH$ñ ¡d gd©Ì gÎdmX² AmZÝË o@{n AXmofmX², EH$Ì¡d J¥hrVm`m§ eŠVm¡ {Zdm©hmX²,éÐì yhdX² AZwJVmH$maàVr{V{gÕo… M, d¡{eï>çJm¡adñ` d¡ Ï`m©X², BXmZr‘{n {hOm{Vì`pŠV{ddoH$‘² AOmZVmo ~mbñ` nm‘amUmÄM eãXmX² ì wËn{ÎmXe©ZmV² M.àb o gd©ì`pŠVZmeo Om{Vg‘dm``mo… pñW{VH$ënZñ` AË`ÝVmàm‘m{UH$ËdmV²,{ZË`Ðì ofw VpËñWVo… Aä wnJ‘¡H$eaUËdmX², ""Om{Vì`pŠV{d^mJmo@ § Wm dñVw{ZH$pënV…'' (^mJ.n wam.6&15&18) B{V fð>ñH$ÝYdmŠ`mX ² OmV oa{nH$ënZ¡H$eaUËdmV² M, OmVm¡ gÎmmZä wnJ‘oZ Vñ`m… AgËdñ` Ëd`m{n CnJVËdmV²M. AV… ""g EH$Ym d{V {ÌYm d{V nÄMYm gßVYm ZdYm M¡d nwZíM¡H$mXe…ñ‘¥V… eV§ M Xe M¡H$íM ghòm{U M qde{V…'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&26&12)BË`m{Xlw{V{^… g¥{ï> oXofw EH$ñ ¡d AZoH$Ym^dZñ` CŠVËdmX² Ñï>ñ` nXmW©ñ`ñdVmo mWmËå`mkmZo emñÌV… VXdJ‘ñ` ‘{UnarjmXm¡ CnbãYo… M lwË wŠVmXañ ¡dÁ`m`ñËdmV². ZM *Añ` dmŠ`ñ`, ""Z ní`mo ‘¥Ë w§ ní`{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&26&2)B{V km{ZZ§ àñVwË`, H$WZmV², Z Añ` ^JdËnaËd‘²* B{V eL²H$ç‘², Ed‘{nH ¡ $‘ w {VH$Ý`m` oZ ^JdV… VWmËd{gÕ o… AàË` yhËdmV ² . "àOm` o`'(N>mÝXm o.Cn.6&2&3/V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) B{V BÀN>`m AZoH$Ym ^dZñ`lwË`ÝVa{gÕËdmV². ZM *à‘mUmÝVa{damoYmX² ~«÷m oX~moYH$mJ‘-àd¥{Îm-à{VamoY…*

B{V dmÀ`§, à‘mUmÝVamUm‘² AË`ÝVmbm¡{H$Ho$ AW} àd¥{Îma{hVËdoZA{H$pÄMËH$aËdmV². AÝ`Wm `mJmXm¡ emaraŠboeñ` gd©ñdmao{Q>.1 M ‘aUñ`àË`j{gÕËdoZ V{ÛéÕmZm§ `mJMmoXZmZm‘{n àd¥{Îmà{VamoYmnÎmo…, bmoHo$@{nnmH$m{X-àd¥{Îm-à{VamoYmnÎmo… M. *AW VÌ {dXwfm§ ’$boßgyZm§ kmZmXo… Am¡ËH$Q>çmV²Z à{VamoY…* B{V MoV², Z, Bhm{n ‘w‘wjyUm§ {ZadÚmZm§ VWmËdoZ Vwë`ËdmV². *ZZwEd§ `WmlwVmW©J«hUo ""JmoAídmEd nedmo AÝ oVw

1. "gd©ñdmamo'Zm‘ EH$mh… H«$Vw…, ‘aUH$m‘ñ` {d{hVmo, ""‘aUH$m‘mo h² oVoZÒoX², `… H$m‘ oVmZm‘`… ñdJ©bmoH$‘² B`m‘².'' gM Ò‘mZ‘aUmoÎma‘² Ad{eï>…F$pËdp½^… g‘mnZr`… (O¡{‘.gy.10&2&23&58)(í`m).

Aned…'' (Ð.V¡{Îm.g§{h.5&2&9) ""Am{XË`mo yn…'' (V¡{Îm.~«m÷.2&1&5&2)BË`mXmd{n `WmlwVJ«hUmn{Îm…* B{V MoV², Z, ""Ì`… neyZm§ hñVmXmZm… nwéfmohñVr ‘H©$Q>…. newn{V… neyZm§ MVwînXm‘wV M {ÛnXm‘²'' ( ) BË`m{XlwË`ÝVaoAÝ ofm§

nwéfmXrZm‘{n newËdlmdUmV² V{ÛamoYoZ "Aned…' BË`Ì Jm¡Ê`m…{Q>.1 C{MVËdmV².Ed‘² ""Am{XË`mo yn…'' (VÌ¡d) BË`mXmd{n ~moÜ`‘², BXmZrÝVZmZm§ gd©doXmX{e©ËdmV².AVEd ""J«mdmU… ßbdÝVo'' ( ) BË`ñ`m… goVw~ÝYo g§dmXmo@{n g“ÀN>Vo.{MÐÿnñ` OS>ËdàVr{VñVw "àOm o ' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) B{V BÀN> ¡d CnnÚVo,brbmWª VWmËdm“rH$mamV².

*ZZw VmÑemZm§ dmŠ`mZm‘² CnmgZm-{d{YeofËdoZ AW©dmXËd‘²* B{V MoX²,"AW©dmXËd‘²' B{V H$mo AW©…?

(1)AgXW©~moYH$Ëd§ dm (2)ñdmW} Aà‘mUËd§ dm (3)ñVmdH$Ëd§ dm?

(1)Z AmÚ… àVmaH$ËdmnÎmo…, VÝ`m oZ {d{YdmŠ o@{n AZmídmgàgŠVo…,Anm¡éfo ËdmS>å~aoU àm‘mÊ`gmYZd¡ Ï`m©nÎmo… M. (2)Z {ÛVr`… ‘mZm^mdmX²,AmpñVH$mZm§ eãXldU‘mÌoU¡d VÌ à‘mU~wÕçwX`mV², ñdmW} Aàm‘mÊò{dYo ñVwË`{gÕo… M. (3)V¥Vr`… MoX² CËH$fm©Ym`H$JwUmZm§ bmoH$mà{gÕmZm§ gVm‘od{dYo ñVwË`Wª H$WZmX² AmJV‘od ñdmW}@{n àm‘mÊ`{‘{V AW©dmXËdo@{n AXmofmV².

AVmo ì`ŠVo… ^JdËdnjo àdmhm{dÀN>oXnjo M EH$Ìm{n epŠVJ«ho gwIoZ¡dì`ŠË`mH¥$Ë`mo… ~moYB{V Z {H$pÄMX² AZwnnÝZ‘². ZM *B©ídaH$V¥©H$Ëdo doXmZm‘²A{ZË`Ëdmn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ`‘², (H$)B©ídañ` {ZË`ËdoZ VËàmU yVñ` Añ` gwVam§{ZË`ËdmV², ""Añ` ‘hVmo yVñ` {Z…íd{gV§ `X² F$½doXmo

1. dñVwVñVw ""Xw~«m©÷Umo A~«m÷U…'' B{V Ý`m oZ ZÄm… AàmñË`mW©H$Ëdo@{nà`moJgå^dmX² Bh Jm¡Ud¥Î`mlÙ‘{n AZmdí`H§$ ^m{V.(í`m).

Òwd}Xñgm‘doXmo@Wdm©{“ag…'' (~¥h.Cn.2&4&10) B{V lw{V…. (I)""F$M…gm‘m{Z O{kao N>ÝXm§{g O{kao Vñ‘mX² ÒwñVñ‘mXOm`V'' (F$Šg§{h.10&90&9)B{V lwVo… à{VH$ën§ g‘mZ-Zm‘-ê$n-àdmhoU Am{d^m©do@{n BVadV² Zm‘ê$n-{Z‘m ©U-H$aUñ` AZ wŠV o … M. (J)ZM Aàm‘mÊ`mn{Îm…

73 74

nm¡éfo ËdñÀàm‘mÊ`VÝÌËdm^mdmV², nm¡éfo mZm§ àË`mjmXrZm§ àm‘mÊ`ñ` dVm{nCnJ‘mV², ‘mZdmH$V¥©H$ËdoZ Anm¡éfo`ËdmV² M; B©ídañ` doXmXod {gÕËdoZAZnojËdñ`{Q>.1 AhmZo… M (K) wŠË`m{n {dMmao H$‘©Um§ ’$beofËdoZ lwË`m mJñ`’$b§ ñdJm©{X Adgr`Vo, `mJíM, nmH$… AmoXZ{‘d, Z gmjmV² ñdJª gmY`{VòZ B©ídamnojm Z ñ`mV². ñdJ©íM bmoH$mË‘H$ËdmX² ~«÷mÊS>m{YnË`YrZ…,gwIgmYZm{Z M VXYrZm{Z, AÝ`Wm `mJoZ Anyd} {ZînÝZo VXmZr‘od ñdJm}^d oV ² , à{V~ÝYñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmX ² , Ñï > mWm ©nÎ`m EVÔ ohmX o …à{V~ÝYH$ËdH$ënZo@{n {d{ZJ‘H$m^mdoZ lm¡Vñ` B©ídañ`¡d A“rH¥$Vo…Á`m`ñËdmV².

Vñ‘mX² doXoZ¡d Hw$ wpŠV{Zamgo ì`ŠVmdod nXmZm§ epŠV…, AmH¥${Vnm. o.19njoM A{dpÀN>ÝZàdmh,-B{V Z H$W‘{n {ZË`gå~ÕËdhm{Z… B{V {XH²$.

eãXm{ZË`ËddmX{d‘e©… : AÌ Z¡ m{`H$mX`mo *ZZw ì`Wm} A § gå~ÝY-{ZË`Ëd-gmYZ-à`mg…,

eãXm{ZË`ËdoZ XmofVmXdñÏ`mV². eãXñ` nwéfà`ËZmoÎma‘² Cnbä`‘mZËdoZCnbãYñ` ÐmJodnm. o.20 {Vamo mdoZ M CËn{Îm-Zme-em{bËd-{ZíM`mV². ZM*""gEd A § eãX…'' B{V àË`{^km~bmV² {ZË`Ëd§* eL²H$ç§, ""eãX§ Hw$é''-""‘m eãX§ H$mfu…'' B{V gmd©OZrZ-ì`dhma-Xe©ZmV², {ZË`Ëdo VX`moJmV². ZM*A § ì`dhma… CÀMmaU{df`…* B{V dmÀ §, {ZË`ñ` n[apÀN>ÝZñ` EH$ñÈH$X oeñWËd oZ ZmZmX oemdpñWV-dŠÌ wMmaU oZ A{^ì`ŠË``m oJmX ² ,A{^ì`pŠVnjoM, `mdmZ² ApñV VmdVEd A{^ì`pŠV[a{V

1. à‘mUmÝVamZnojËdñ` B{V AW©…(H$).~hþ{^… CÀMmaUo@{n ‘hmeãX-ldUm`moJmV² M. Vñ‘mX² ""CËnÝZmo JH$mamo''-

""{dZï>mo JH$ma…'' BË`m{X-àVrVrZm§ OmJê$H$ËdoZ àË`{^km‘mÌmV² Z Vñ`{ZË`Ëd{g{Õ…, ""VXod Am¡fY‘²'' BË`mXm¡ gmOmË`‘² AmXm` àË`{^kmdX² AÌm{ndŠVw§ eŠ`ËdmV². ZM AÌ {d{ZJ‘H$m^md…, CËn{Îm-{dZme-àVrË`moaod VËdmV²

gmd©{XH$ËdmXe© ZmV² VmÑŠàVr{Vä`m§ {dZm àË`{^km`mEd AZwX`mV². AVEdEV`mo… àVrË`mo… àË`{^km~mÜ`Ëd§ «mpÝVËd§ M {ZañV‘².

`Îmw Amh©Vm… *dUm©Zm§ nwX²Jbm»`mZ² Ad`dmZ² A“rH¥$Ë` gmd`dËdmX²A{ZË`Ëd‘²* Amhþ…, VV² Z, àË`j{damoYmV², dU}fw gmH$ë`d¡H$ë`-àË``m^mdmV²M. ZM AZw‘mZoZ {g{Õ…, hoËd^mdmV². ZM dñVw‘mÌñ` gmd`dËdXe©ZmX²"dñVwËd§' hoVw…, na‘mUwfw ì`{^MmamV². Voîd{n Ad`dm“rH$mao AZdñWmnÎmoíM.

Vñ‘mX² ÐþV-{dbpå~V-‘Ü`‘moXmÎmmZwXmÎm-ñd[aVmZwZm{gH$mZZwZm{gH$-oXoZ ì`pŠV oXñ` JËdm{XZm gmOmË`ñ` M Cnbå^mV² VX² AmXm ¡d àË`{^ko{V

nydm}ŠV-àVr{V~bmXod A{ZË`Ëd‘². {gÕoM Ed§ eãXñ` A{ZË`Ëdo gå~ÝYñ`m{nA{ZË`Ëd§ {gÕ‘od, gå~ÝÜ`YrZËdmV². eãX§ {Z‘m© ""Añ‘mV² eãXmX² A`‘²AWm} ~moÕì`…'' BË od‘² B©ídaoU gL²Ho$VH$aUmV² M* B{V Amhþ….

VX² Ag“V§, lw{V-nwamU-`wpŠV-{déÕËdmV². VWm{h : ""dmMm{dê$n{ZË``m'' (F$Šg§{h. 8&75&6) B{V lwË`m, ""doXmo ZmamÙ… gmjmV²ñd`§^y[a{V ewlw‘…'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&40), ""eãX ~«÷ gwXw~m }Y§''(^mJ.nwam.11&21&36), ""ñd § yaof ^JdmZ²'' ( ), ""doXmo JrVñËd`m nwam'' (), ""{edmÚm… F${fn ©ÝVm… ñ‘Vm©amo@ñ` Z H$maH$m…'' ( ) BË`m{X{^… nydm}ŠV¡…M nwamUdmŠ ¡… doXñdê$nñ` {ZË`Ëd~moYZoZ VX§emZm§ dUm©XrZm‘{n {ZË`Ëd‘²AW©V… {gÕ‘od, àVr{VVX^mdm¡Vw VXm{d^m©d{Vamo^md-hoVwH$m¡. VWm{h :EH$mXeñH$ÝYo ""g Ef Ordmo {ddaàgy{V… àmUoZ KmofoU Jwhm§ à{dï>mo ‘Zmo‘ §gyú‘‘wnoË` ê$n§ ‘mÌm ñdamo dU© B{V ñW{dï>…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&17) B{V""eãX ~«÷ gwXw~m}Y‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&21&36) B{V M ^JdÛmŠ`mV²""g‘m{hVmË‘Zmo ~«÷Z²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&6&37) BË`m{X-ÛmXeñH$ÝY-dmŠ`mV²M ~«÷Umo ^JdVmo dm öX`mH$meo AmgÝ oZ H$aUoZ ñd`‘od ^JdmZ² ZmXmË‘ZmAm{d ©d{V. g nyd©‘² Aì`ŠVEd VVmo ZmZmdUm©{X-gL²H$ënH$-‘Zmo‘ § gyú‘§ê$n§ àmß` ^JdÝ‘wIVmo ~«÷‘wIVmonm. o.21 dm àH$Q>… gZ² ‘mÌm-ñda-dUm©Ë‘ZmñWybê$noU eãX~«÷mË‘H$-doXê$n… àH$meVo. gM ZmXmo ì`mnH$ËdmX² Añ‘Xm{Xîd{n

75 76

àmUKmofê$noU dV©Vo. lmoÌd¥{Îm{ZamoYo H¥$Vo ^JdV¡d Ord… V§ e¥Umo{V. AÝ`WmVÀN´>dU§ Z ñ`mX² Ûmañ` {ZéÕËdmV². Ûmam^mdo Ordñ` ñdV… H$m`m©j‘ËdmV².gEd ZmX… "ñ’$moQ>'nXdmÀ`…, ""ñ’w$Q>{V dmJ² AZoZ'' B{V ì wËnÎmo…. AV… gEdgwfwåUm‘mJ}U 1AmYma-2öV²-3H$ÊR>-4‘wIofw 1nam-2ní`ÝVr-3 ‘Ü`‘m-4d¡Iar-ê$noU àH$Q>r^d{V. ~«÷U… gpÀMXmZÝXmBd eãX~«÷Umo dU©nXdmŠ`m{Z Zm‘m{Z.`Wm Vofm§ dñVwVmo ôXm^mdo@{n gÎmm-àH$me-àr{V-Y‘©H$ËdmX² ôX…, Ed‘²EVofm‘{n VÎmXW©àË`m`H$ËdmV² ñdê$n¡Š`mV² M oXm oXm¡. Vofm{‘d EVñ` A§emZm‘{ndUm©XrZm§ nyU©Ëd§ fS²>Y‘©Ëd§ M. VÌ Eoíd`m©X`Bd AÌm{n 1gyú‘Ëd-2{ZË`Ëd-3ì`mnH$Ëd-4n[apÀN>ÝZËdm-5@ZÝVê$nËd-6~hþê$nËdm{Z. VÌ gyú‘ËdÝVwöËH$ÊR>`mo… ñd`‘² AZw^y`‘mZËdo@{n namZw^dm`mo½`ËdmX² ko`‘². eãXñ`{ZË`Ëdì`mnH$ËdoVw O¡{‘{ZZ¡d gy{ÌVo.nm. o.22

VÌ Jwad… *{ZË`… eãXmo ì`mo‘¡H$JwUËdmV² VËn[a‘mUdX² B{V- ^mÅ>mñVwlmdUËdmV² eãXËddX² B{V, {Z…ñne©Ðì`ËdmX² AmË‘dX² B{V, dUm} {ZË`moÜdÝ`ÝèãXËdmV² ñ’$moQ>dX² B{VM- à wÄOmZm… àË`{^km~bmX² AZw‘mZñÀà`moOH$Ëd§ {Zañ` {ZË`Ëd§* gmY`pÝV. ZMnm.ô.23*àË`{^km`m…gOmVr`{df`ËdmX² Z VWm Aà`moOH$Ëd{Zamg…* B{V dmÀ §, Vñ`m… VWmËdo‘mZm^mdmV². dU}fw H$Ëdm{XOmVoaod A{gÕo… OmVoaod AeŠ`dMZËdmV². `WmEH$ñ` nw§gmo ~mb-Hw$‘ma- wd-d¥Õ-ñWyb-H¥$e-^mdofw AdñWm oXo@{n Z gmOmË`‘²A"r{H«$`Vo VWm ÐþVmÚdñWm oXo@{n eãX¡Š`‘od

ZVw gmOmË`‘² B{V {ZíM`mX², ""AZoZ AH$mamo ÐþV‘² CÀMm[aVmo AZoZ{dbå~oZ'' B{V Y‘©‘mÌ oXmdJmhmV², IÊS>‘wÊS>Jmoì`ŠË`mo[ad ""A`‘² AH$mamoÐþVmo-A § {dbpå~V…'' B{V Y{‘© oXmZdJmhmV² M. Ed§ {gÕo eãX¡Š o ì`ŠË` oXmV²Z VÌ H$Ëdm{XOm{V… eŠ`dMZo{V XyamnmñV§ àË`{^km`m… gOmVr`{df`Ëd‘².

*ZZw ~më`H$mí`m©XrZm§ H«${‘H$ËdmX² `wŠV… EH$pñ‘Z² nw§{g g‘mdoe…,CXmÎmmXrZmÝVw wJnX² AZoH$dŠÌwÀMm[aVo dU} g‘doVmZm‘² BVaoVa{déÕmZm‘² EH$pñ‘Z²g‘mdoemo Z dŠVw§ eŠ`B{V {déÕY‘£… {gÕo Y{‘© oXo gwIoZ Om{V{g{Õ…* B{VMoV², Z, EVofm§ Üd{ZY‘©ËdoZ dU©Y‘©Ëdm^mdmV². ZM dU©Y‘©ËdàË``mZwnn{Îm…,

Aëno ‘h{V M Xn©Uo wJnX² Ñí`‘mZo EH$pñ‘ÝZod ‘wIo wJnV² ‘hËdmënËdàVr{VdX²CnnÎmo…. *ZZw {gÕo dU©ì`ŠË ¡Š o CXmÎmËdmXrZm§ Üd{ZY‘©Ëd{g{Õ…, ZVw VV…nydª{Q>.1, VÎmw CŠVàVrË`m ~mYo Z nydª {gÕçVr{V H$W‘² EVpËg{Õ…{Q>.2* B{VMoV², Z, AW©àË`m`H$ËdoZ¡d Vñ` {gÕËdmV². {ÌjUmdñWm{`Ëdo àË wÀMmaU‘²AÝ`ñ`mÝ`ñ` {H«$`‘mUËdoZ epŠVJ«hUmgå^dmX² AJ¥hrVepŠVH$ñ` MAàË`m`H$ËdmV². AV… {MañWm{`Ëd‘² A“rH$m`©‘². VVíM {gÕo ñWm{`ËdoZmeH$ñ` A^mdmX² AZídaËd{g{Õ…. AZída^mdËdoZ M AZwËnÝZËd{gÕçm{ZË`Ëd{g{Õ… B{V. ZM *J¥hrVepŠVH$gÑemo AÝ`… àË`m`{`î`{V* B{VdmÀ §, {dH$ënmghËdmV².

VWm{h : g {H$‘ ² (1)AdJVgmÑí`… àË`m`{`î`{V CV(2)AZdJVgmÑí`…?

(1)Z AmÚ…, kmVgå~ÝYoZ CÀMm[aV‘mÌo AW©d{V eãXo Zï>o, drMrVa“dV²H$U©nW‘² AmJVñ` VËgÝVmZñ` AZW©H$ñ` gÑeËdo@{n, ì`wpËnËgwZmgmÑí`mZdJ‘oZ VVmo AW©àË``mgå^dmX²; J«hUXem`m§ Vñ` Zï>ËdmX²AmdmnmoÛmnmä`m‘² EH$ñ` {ÛpñÌ… Cnbå^m^mdoZ AÝd`ì`{VaoH$mZd

1. ì`ŠË ¡Š`{gÕo… nyd©‘² B{V AW©…(í`m). 2. Üd{ZY‘©Ëd{g{Õ… B{V AW©…(í`m)

YmaUo epŠVJ«hñ`m{n Agå^dmV² M. ZM *ì`wËn{Îmg‘ò ~hþfw eãXofwgÑeofw `… níMmV² ly Vo g epŠVJ«h§ b^Vonm. o.24, VVmo J¥hrVm`m§ eŠVm¡, oVXwÎmaH$mbm… Vo AW©dËgmÑí`mX² AWª àË`m`{`î`pÝV* B{V dmÀ §, (H$)ì wËnÝZmZm§ì`dhmaH$mbñ ¡d ì wpËnËgw-ì wËn{Îm-H$mbËdoZ VXmZr‘² Cnbä`‘mZñ` EH$ñ ¡deãXñ` ì wpËnËgw§ à{V ‘w»`‘² AW©dÎd‘²-AÝ`mZ² à{V AW©dËgmÑí`mX² Jm¡U‘²-BVamZ² à{V M AZW©H$Ëd‘² B{V {damoYmnÎmo…, (I)nmíMmË`ñ ¡d epŠVJ«hbm onm. o.25

‘mZm^mdmV² M, (J)na~moYZmWª eãXmoÀMmaUmX² CŠVarË`m M A~moYàg“mX²AZwÀMmaUmnÎmo… M.

(2)Z {ÛVr`…, "Jmo'eãXmX{n Aíd~moYmnÎmo…. *ZZw VÌ d¡gmÑí`àVr{V…~m{YHo${V AXmof…* B{V MoV², V{h© `Ì Z ~m{YH$m àVr{V… H$sÑer gm? B{V

77 78

nydª {ZU}`‘². VÌ Z VmdV² "g'BË`mH$m[aH$m (B{V) Vd eŠ`dMZ‘²,EoŠ`mnmXH$ËdmV². Zm{n "VËgÑe…'B{V, VXZdJ‘mV². Zm{n BVam, CŠVmä`…{Vg¥ä`… BVañ`m… A{Zdm©À`ËdmV². AW AZdJVo gmÑí o gmÑí § ‘ÝdmZñÀW©àË``… B{V MoV², Z, dXVmoì`mKmVmX², CÝ‘ÎmàbmnËdmnÎmo… M. AVmoAW©àË``~bmXod dU©ì`ŠË`¡Š`{gÕçm {ZîàË`yh§ eãXñ` {ZË`Ëd{g{Õ….{ZË`ËdEd M AmH¥${Vê$noU AW}Z gå~ÝY…, AmH¥$qV {Z{X©í` H$Ìm© gå~ÝYH$aUñ`^dX{^‘VËdmV². A{ZË`Ëdo EH$ñ`m‘od Jmoì`ŠVm¡ ~hÿZm‘² AmH¥$VrZm§ gËdmX²"Jmo'eãX§ {dZm VÛmÀ`m‘² AmH¥${V‘² BVanmW©Š oZ H$W§ dm H$Vm© Cn{XeoV²?{ZË`ËdoVw Vñ ¡d eãXñ` ~hþe… CÀMmaUmX² ì w{nËgmo… g‘mZmg‘mZì`pŠVfwAÝd`ì`{VaoH$mä`m‘² AmH¥${VdMZËd§ J‘ oX² AVmo@{n {ZË`… B{V.

eL²H$a^mî oVw{Q>.1 *{gÕo {ZË`Ëdo `Ì EH$ñ` eãXñ` AZoH$H¥$Ëd… CÀMmaU§VÌ ""Aï>H¥$Ëdmo JmoeãX… CŠVmo, XeH¥$Ëd… CŠV…'' B{V bmoH$mopŠV…gmd©OZrZmg“Vm ^d{V. VoZ àË`{^km{n VÎmX²-ì`pŠV-{df`ËdmX² A~m{YV¡d. `{XMVÌ Aï>m¡ "Jmo'eãXmZ² àVr w… ""Aï>m¡ "Jmo'eãXm…''

1. `Ú{n A nmR>o@{n "eL²H$a^mî o' BË od Cnbä`Vo VWm{n "em~a^mî o'B{V nmR>… C{MVmo ^m{V, {df`ñ`mñ` em~a^mîò(1&1&20) Cnbå^mV²emL²H$a^mî oVw AZwnbå^mV² M(í`m).

B{V dXo w…. ZM *AÌ gmÑí oZ VWm CpŠV…* B{V dŠVw§ eŠ §, "gÑe…'B{VàË``m^mdmV ². AÝ`ËdmdJ‘H$à‘mUm^md oZ VXZdJVm ¡ gmÑí`ñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV². ZM *ZmeàË`Èd ‘mZ‘² * B{V dmÀ §, nwZ…-nwZ… Cnbå oZVñ` ^ «‘ËdmX ², AZ wnbå^‘mÌ oU ZmeH$ënZñ` ‘ yI ©Jm oMaËdmX ²*(em~.^m.1&1&20) BË`{n CŠV‘².

ZM *{ZË`Ëdo@{n n[apÀN>ÝZËdmX² wJnV² ZmZmXoemdpñWV-dŠÌwÀMmaUoZA{^ì`º²$``moJ…* B{V eL²H$Zr §, Vñ` gd©JËdoZ ZmZm-Xoe-pñWV-dŠV¥-à`ËZ-{ZînÝZ¡… Üd{Z{^… ñdñdXoeo A{^ì`Á`‘mZËdoZ gwIoZ¡d CnnÎmo…. ZMgd©JVËdo ‘mZm^md…, A~m{YVàË`{^km`mEd VÌm{n‘mZËdmV². AÝ`Wm

AÝ`Ëdñ`m{n àË``mnÎmo…. *ZZw A{^ì`pŠVnjmo AZwnnÝZmo, A{^ì`pŠV{h©à{V~ÝYH${ZamgoZ g§ñH$ma{deofmYmZoZ dm ^d{V, AÌ M à{V~ÝYH$mZwnbå^mX²`pËH$pÄMV² VËH$ënZo@{n VpÝZdmaUo gd}fm§ eãXmZm§ ì`mnH$ËdoZ gd©lmoÌoîd{nAdpñWVËdmV² gd} gd©ñ` àË`jm… ñ w…. AV… g§ñH$mamYmZnm. o.26njmo J«mh² ….VÌ H$m¡ð>çdm`d… à`ËZmoËWm{nVm… MoV² eãX§ g§ñHw$ w©…, V{h© Vñ` EH$ñ` AZd`dñ`ì`mnH$ñ` òw¿ZñWH$m¡ð>çdm w{^… g§ñH$mao nmQ>{bnwÌo@{n Cnbå^mn{Îm…. lmoÌ§MoV² g§ñHw$`w ©… V{h©, (1)H$mUmX-(2)H$m{nb-(3)d¡{XH$mZm§ ‘Vo (1)ì`mo‘m-(2)@hL²H$ma-(3){XJmË‘H$ñ` Vñ`m{n ì`mnH$Ëdm{XY‘©H$ËdmX², Ì Šdm{n g§ñH$maogd©Ì VWmËdmV² nydm}ŠVEd XmofB{V A{^ì`pŠVnjmo AZwnnÝZ…* B{V MoV², Z,H$U©eîHw$ë`dpÀN>ÝZñ ¡d ZÂmXo… lmoÌËdoZ Vñ`m… à{Veara§ oXmV² VXdpÀN>ÝZñ`lmoÌñ`m{n {^ÝZËdmX², ñ ¡d g§ñH$ma… VÌ¡d A{^ì`pŠV[a{V AXmofmX², ÜdZrZmÄMVmëdm{XñWmZ{deofoU {dbjUgm‘Ï`m©Zm‘od CËnÝZËdmV², VoZ-VoZ Üd{ZZmVÎmÀN>ãXldUmZwJwUg§ñH$mañ` AmYmZmV², VÎmÀN>ãXñ`¡d g§ñH$mamX² dm Zgd©eãXldU‘²nm. o.27 B{V CnnÎmo… M.

Vñ‘mX² Z A{^ì`pŠVnjo H$píMX{n XmofB{V ì`mnH$Ëd‘² CnnÝZ‘od.ì`mnH$ËdmXod M gy ©dX² wJnX² AZoH$Xoeofw Cnbå^… gyÌo CŠV…. {dÝÜ`-H$m‘ê$n-{h‘dX²-a¡dVm{X-pñWV¡… CÚZ² àmÀ`m§, ‘Ü`môZo Cn[a, AñV§ `Z²àVrÀ`m§, ^mñdmZ² AdbmoŠ`Vo. VofmÄM àmÀ`mX`mo {^ÝZm… VÌ gd©Ì wJnXodgd£… B©ú`‘mUmo@{n Z g {^ÝZ…, VWm eãXmo@{n B{V. Z¡`m{`H$mZ² à{V VwZmZmXe}fw wJnX² Cnbä`‘mZ§ ‘wI‘{n emñÌXr{nH$m`m§ Ñï>mpÝVV‘². VWmM :""dU©… gd©Ì EH$…, ZmZmX oe of w ` wJnX ² Cnbä`‘mZËdmV ² g y` ©dV ²ZmZmXem}nbä`‘mZ‘wIdV²''nm. o.28 M B{V AZw‘mZmX{n VpËg{Õ….

*ZZw O¡{‘ZràrË`m eãX{ZË`Ëdì`mnH$Ëdo Z eŠ`dMZo, dU£Š`gmYH$mZm§hoVyZm§ {e{WbËdmV².

VWm{h:- (H$)""{d‘V§ XodXÎmeara§ à{VjUmoËnmX{dZmeem{b, à{VjU‘²

AÝ`mÝ`mdñWmH$ËdmV² XrnÁdmbmdV².

79 80

(I)""à{VjU‘² AÝ`mÝ`mdñWmH§$, ñWyb-H$m{bH$-{deo-fmdñWm{^… VWmËdoZ à{‘VËdmX² {d`X²JÀN>ÁO`mo{V-J©UdX².''

B{V AZw‘mZmä`m§ n[a‘mUôXoZ M {gÕo nw§earañ` AÝ`mÝ`Ëdo VÌm{ngmOmË`‘od A“rH$m`©‘². VWmM """gm o@`§ XodXÎm…' B{V àË`{^kmgmOmË`mdbpå~Zr, gOmVr`mdJm{hËdmX², Xrnm{M©…-òmoVmoOb-dZñn{V-’$bm¡fYm{X-àË`{^kmdX²'' B{V AZw‘mZ{gÕËdmV², gm{n gOmVr`{df o{V ZCŠV-Ñï>mÝV-àË`{^kmä`m§ dU£Š`Ëd{g{Õ…. Zm{n AW©àË`m`H$ËdoZ,gmÑí`à wŠV¡Š` «‘mXod AWm©àË``ñ`m{n {gÕo…. ZM epŠVJ«hmgå^d… eL²H$ç…,H$U©nW‘² AmJVñ` epŠVJ«mhH$Ëdo ~mYH$m^mdmV². ZM *""ì`wËnÝZmZm§ì`dhma...''BË`m{XZm CŠVmo {damoYEd ~mYH$…* B{V dmÀ`§, à{V`mo{JôXoZEH$pñ‘ÝZod {nV¥Ëd-nwÌËd-^«mV¥Ëd-n{VËd-^¥Ë`ËddX² EH$pñ‘Z² eãXo@{nlmoV¥ôXoZnm.ô.29 gmW©H$ËdmZW©H$ËdmXoa{n A{damoYmV². ZM nmíMmË`ñèpŠVJ«mhH$Ëdo ‘mZm^mdmo, ~moYê$n’$bmXod AZw‘o`ËdmV². ZM *A{ZË`ËdoAmH¥${Vê$noU AW}Z gå~ÝYmo Z eŠ`dMZ…* B{V dmÀ §, Vñ`mA{n A{ZË`ËdmV²."AmH¥${V'nXoZ OmVo… A{^àoVËdo@{n ÛmXeo Ah{Z Zm‘H$aUdX² ì`ŠË wËnË wÎma§Om{V{d{eï>o gå~ÝYH$aUo@{n ~mYH$m^mdmV². Ed§ {ZañVo {ZË`Ëdo ì`mnH$Ëd‘{nAZdgaoU¡d namhV§, V{ÛMmañ` pñWË`YrZËdmV² H$ÊR>Vmëdm{X-ñWmZ{ZX}emZwnnÎmo…M. AVmo Z O¡{‘Zr`mZwgmaoU {ZË`Ëdì`mnH$Ëd`mo… {g{Õ…* B{V MoX²,

AÌ CÀ`Vo- Z Ed§ Hw$ wpŠV{^… dU©ñ` {ZË`Ëdì`mnH$Ëdo à{VjoßVw§ eŠ o, CŠVÑï>mÝVm{X{^…

VpËgÕo… AàË`yhËdmV², nwéfearaj{UH$ËdgmYH$ñ` hoVmo… Cn{hVËdmX²,A{ZË`ËdOÝ`ËdmXrZm § VÌ Cnm{YËdmX²-AÝ`Wm j{UH$dmXàgŠË`m{ZË`Ðì`moÀN>oXàg“mX², {deofU yV¡… ZmZmkmZoÀN>mà`ËZ¡… ZmZmeãX¡… ZmZmg§ moJ¡…AmË‘mH$mena‘mUw‘Zñgw ZmZmdñWmZm§ {gÕËdmV², VÌ AmË‘Ëdm{Xd¡{eï>çoZ{ZË`Ëdm~mYmonJ‘oVw AÌm{n nwéfËdm{Xd¡{eï>çoZ pñWaËdm~mYñ` eŠ`dMZËdmV²M. AÝ`Wm {ZfoH$-OZZ-gm‘{`H$-earam^mdoZ {nV¥nwÌm{X^mdm^mdmV² VÌ`WoÀN>mMmamnË`m, n wÌmg§ñH$mamÚmnË`m, d¡dm{hH$eara`m o… Zï>Ëd oZ

ñdnËZrJ‘ZmXmd{n ì`{^Mmam{XàgŠË`m M gd©Y‘m}nßbd-ì`dhmabmon`mo…àg“mV² M.

Zm{n n[a‘mUôXoZ AÝ`Ëd{g{Õ…, ^ñÌmdV², g§H$moM{dH$mgmË‘H$-n[a‘mUdËdñ`m{n eŠ`dMZËdmV², H$f©U~¥§hU{M{H$Ëgm{^… VWm Xe©ZmV², eãXoVX^mdoZ eL²H$m`mEd AZwX`mV² M.

ZM *{ZË`àb`~m oYH$-n w a mU-{dam oY…* eL ²H $Zr`…, VÌAmaä`maå^H$dmXm^mdoZ CŠVXmofm^mdmV². n[aUm‘dmXo CËn{Îmàb``mo…~{haÝV^m©dê$nËdoZ H$maUmÝV…H$m ©ñ` gËdmV², H$maUñ ¡d dm VoZ ê$noU gËdmX²,dñVwZmem^mdmV². AVEd, ""AmË‘md¡ nwÌZm‘m{g Ëd§ Ord eaX… eV‘²''(eV.~«m÷.14&9&4&26) B{V ""g Ef ^JdmZ² ÐmoU… àOmê$noU dV©Vo''(^mJ.nwam.1&7&45) BË`m{Xlw{Vñ‘¥V`mo@{n g“ÀN>ÝVo.

Vñ‘mV² nwéfo Y‘©‘mÌ oXoZ àË`{^km`m… Z gOmVr`{df`Ëd‘² B{V {ZíM`….Ed§ eãXo@{n ~moÜ`‘².

eãXmoËn{ÎmVÀN´>dUà{H«$`m{d‘e©… : `ñV w eãXm o ËnË`m{XH « $‘… *eL ²I$m {Xdm` wg §`m oJmV ² {Z{‘ÎmmV ²

eL²I$mÚmH$meg§`moJmX² Ag‘dm{`H$maUmV² Ho$MZ ÜdZ`… CËnÚÝVo. Ho$MZVwÜdZ`… doÊdmXm¡ nmQ²>ç‘mZonm. o.30 XbÛ`{d^mJmV² {Z{‘ÎmmX² XbmH$meg§`moJmX²Ag‘dm{`H$maUmX² CËnÚÝVo. dUm©ñVw ñ‘¥{V{deofghH¥$VmX² AmË‘‘Z…g§ moJmX²AmË‘{Z dUm}ÀMmaUoÀN>m`m§ VV… à`ËZo M CËnÝZo à`ËZdXmË‘g§`moJmV²àmUm{Xdm`mo… H$‘©. VV… VoZ H$‘©Um D$Üdª JÀN>Z² àmUm{X…, H$ÊR>VmëdmÚ{^KmVmV²{Z{‘ÎmmV²-H$ÊR>mH$meg§ moJmX² Ag‘dm{`H$maUmX² "A'H$mam{X-"j'H$mamÝVmZm‘²AZwŠVmZm§ M, CËnqÎm H$amoVr{V H$ÊR>m{XñWmZo Vo(-Vo) CËnÚÝVo. eãXíMAmH$meñ ¡d JwUB{V VÎmXdpÀN>ÝZmH$meEd CËnÚVo. CŠVofw {Û{dYofw Üd{ZfwdU }f w M AmÚmEd g §`m oJmg‘dm{`H$maUH$m…, {ÛVr`mX`ñV wnyd©nyd©eãXmg‘dm{`H$maUH$m…. àW‘V… g§`moJmX² {d^mJmX² dm EH$… eãX…CËnÚVo. gM {Z{‘ÎmdmædmÚZwgmaoU H$Xå~JmobH$Ý`m`mX²{Q>.1 Xe{Xjw XeeãXmZ²

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CËnmX`{V, V¡íM àËòH§$ XeXeeãXm… CËnmÚÝVB{V. drMrVa“Ý`mò{Q>.2VwEH¡$H$eãXñ ¡d Amaå^B{V {d w{deofJwUZm‘² Ag‘dm{`H$maUàmXo{eH$Ëd{Z`‘oZAì`mß`d¥{ÎmËd‘² Efm‘². A{J«‘m{J«‘eãXZmí`ËdÄM H$Xå~‘wHw$bH«$‘oUdrMrVa“H«$‘oU dm H$U©eîHw$ë`d{N>ÝZo Z^{g CËnÚ‘mZ… eãX… lmoÌoUàË`mgÝZËdmX² J¥h² Vo. "" oareãXEd A`‘²'' B{V àË`{^kmVw ""gmo@ § Xrn…''-""VXod Am¡fY‘²'' BË`mXm{dd gOmVr`ËdnwañH$mamX²* B{V Z¡ m{`H$m{X{^…CÀ`Vo.

VX² Ag“V‘od, Aì`mß`d¥{ÎmËdmW©‘² Ag‘dm{`àmXo{eH$Ëdñ`H$Xå~-‘wHw$bm{X-Ý`m`-{déÕËdmV², àXoemÝVaEd H$Xå~‘wHw$b-drMrVa“`mo… Xe©ZmV².{H$ÄM H$Xå~‘wHw$bÝ`m oZ Xyan ©ÝV‘² CËnÎmm¡ VÎmXdmÝVaXoeñWmZm‘² AldUmn{Îm….`mdXÝV‘² EH¡$H$(Zm)íòZnm.ô.31 XeXeeãXmaåô M Aàm‘m{UH$mZÝVeãX-VËàmJ^md-{dam‘-H$ënZm-Jm¡admn{Îm….

1. H$Xå~m o d ¥j{deof…, Vñ` ‘wH w $b… B ©fX ²{dH${gV§ n wîn‘².JmobmH$maH$Xå~nwînñ` JmobHo$ `Wm gdm©d`dofw wJnV² nwînmUm‘² CËn{Îm… Ed§eãXñ`m{n B{V ^wdZoebm¡{H$H$Ý`m`- gmhña²çm‘²(í`m). 2. nyd©ñ‘mV² Va“mX²Anañ` Va“mÝVañ` CËn{V… B{V AW©…(í`m).

drMrVa“Ý`m oM ‘ÝXmoÀMmaUo@{n VmaldUmn{Îm…, àW‘drMrV… CÎmamoÎma§{ÛVr`mXrZm‘² Am{YŠ`Xe©ZmV², eãXoM VmaËdm{V[aŠVñ` Am{YŠ`ñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV² ~hþXoeì`m{nËdñ` n[a‘mUàgÄOH$ËdoZ JwUËdhm{ZÐì`Ëd`mo…AmnÎmo… M. {H$ÄM AmÚ‘Ü`‘eãXofw H$m`©eãXZmí`Ëdñ`, ApÝV‘eãXo MgwÝXmongwÝXdV² nañnaZmí`ËdmonmÝË`Üd§gZmí`Ëd`mo… AÝ`Vañ` A{J«‘mZwËnmXZoZM AÝË`Ëdñ`, dŠVì`ËdmV² VpÝZdm©hm` CËnmXZà{V~ÝYH$mÑï>mXo… MdŠVì`ËdmX²nm. o.32 JwéVam àm‘m{UH$mZÝVH$ënZmn{Îm….

Vñ‘mV² Z A § H«$‘….

H$W§ V{h© eãXldU‘²?

B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo-

AÝV~©{híM eãXmoËnÎmm¡ dm`waod àmè… {Z{‘Îm§, Šd{MX² Kf©Um{XZm{nÜd{ZXe©ZmV². g‘dm{`ZñVw nÄMm{n yVm{Z. g{h AmH$meñ` d¡eo{fH$mo, AÝ ofmÝVwH$maUV… àmßVËdmV² gm‘mÝ`…. Ed§ g{V Üd{Z… `Ì CËnÚVo VV… {H$`X²Xya§ñd^mdVEd MVw{X©jw JÀN>{V, {dgm[aËdmV², VoZ {ZH$Q>ñWm… e¥ÊdpÝV.‘Ü`VmamX`ñVw ~{h… dm`wZm Zr`ÝVo, V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo ""ZoV¥Ëd§ ÐìèãX`mo…''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&&37) B{V dm`mo… H$‘©bjUoZ AZwdmV-à{VdmV-ldUmldUmä`mÄM VWm{ZíM`mV². dm yT>… eãXmo@{n ""gd}fm§ eãXmZm§ lmoÌ‘²EH$m`Z‘²'' (~¥h.Cn.2&4&11) B{V lwVo… VÎmÀN>moÌofw A§eVmo br`‘mZEd JÀN>Vr{Vgdmªe¡… brZmo AJ«o Z ly Vo. Xmh² m^mdo dÝho[ad ñd^mdV… H$mbm{XZm M Vñ`Zme…. Ed§ ô`m©{XeãXo@{n VXdJm{hÝòd àË`{^km, ~mYH$m^mdmV², ZVwgOmVr`mdJm{hZr, à‘mUm^mdmV². *ZZw {dgaU§ Zm‘ ñdml`m{YH$Xoed¥{ÎmËd‘².VÀM AmH$mer o eãXo Z gå^d{V, AmH$meñ` ì`mnH$ËdmV². Zm{n ^m¡‘m{XeãXo,JwUgÎdo Ðì`gËdñ` {Z`m‘H$ËdmV². AÝ`Wm agmXoa{n A{VaoH$mnÎmo…* B{V MoV²,Z, AmH$meñ` ì`mnH$Ëdo@{n VËàXoemZm‘² Aì`mnH$ËdoZ AZwnnË`^mdmV².eãX-M¡VÝ`-^mñdaê$n- JÝYm{V[aŠV-J wUgËdEd Ðì`gËdñ`{Z`m‘H$Ëdm“rH$maoU ^m¡‘m{XeãXo@{n VX^mdmV², H$ënZm`m… Ñï>mZwgm[aËdmV².ZM *eãXñ` {Zad`dËdmX² J‘Zmgå^d…* B{V dmÀ`‘², Aà`moOH$ËdmV²,na‘mUm¡ Ëd`m{n VX“rH$mamV² ì`mnH$Ëdñ`¡d VËà{V~ÝYH$ËdmX², A§eVmoZmeXe©ZoZ {Zad`dËdñ` {dà{VnÝZËdmV² M. ZM *gmd`dËdoZ ñne©dËdoZì`mßVo… eãXo@{n ñne©dËdmn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ`§, ì`mßVo… Ðì`J^©ËdmV²,gmd`dÐì`ñ ¡d ñne©dËdXe©ZmV². BX‘{n JwUËd‘² CarH¥$Ë` CŠV§, Ðì`Ëdm“rH$maoVwVÌm{n Bï>mn{Îm… B{V {XH²$.

Vñ‘mX² ""Üd{Za{n KQ>m{XdV² {MañWm`r dm wZm Zr`Vo. gEd ‘wIm{XOÝ`modUª ì`ÄO`Vr{V Vñ ¡d ldU{‘{V VX¡Š`kmZñ` Z «‘Ëd‘²'' B{V O¡{‘Zr`‘Vñ`

83 84

CnnÝZËdmX² dUm©XrZm§ {ZË`Ëd§ gwpñWa‘od. VVíM àË`{^km~bmXod ì`mnH$Ëdo@{n{gÕo VXwnbåô Am{XË`Ñï>mÝVm o@{n `wŠVEd, VWm ‘wIÑï>mÝVm o@{n,à{V{~å~mZä wnJÝV¥‘Vo ñdñWmZñWñ ¡d ‘wIñ` Xn©Unamd¥ÎmMjwfm J«hUdX² Bhm{nñdñWmZñWdUm©Xo… Üd{Zg§ñH¥$VlmoÌoU J«hUñ` gwdMËdmV². ZM *ì`mH$aUoH$ÊR>Vmëdm{XñWmZ{ZX}emV² n[apÀN>ÝZËd§* eL²H$ç‘², Aear[aÊ`m AmH$medmÊ`mdmŠò ì`{^MmamV². ZM {ZX}e{damoY… e“ç…, ì`mnH$mË‘dm{X‘Vo earañÀmË‘d¥{Îmbm^ñWmZËddV² H$ÊR>mXrZm§ dUm©{^ì`pŠVñWmZËdoZm{n CnnÎmo….

*ZZw lmoÌñ` àmß`àH$meH$m[aËdoZ H$U©eîHw$ë`dpÀN>ÝZñ` Vñ`ÜdÝ wËn{ÎmXoemàmßË`m H$W§ Xoe{d{eï>-dU©J«hU‘²?* B{V MoX²,

AÌ nmW©gma{W{‘lm… *Üd{Zgm‘Ï`m©X² B{V ~«y‘…. ÜdZrZm§ lmoÌXoe‘² AmJËèãX§ ì`ÄOVm§ ñdmoËn{Îm-Xoem{^ì`ŠV-eãX-^mgZ-Xe©ZoZ gm‘Ï`m©Ü`dgm`mV².A{ZË`dm{XZmo@{n lmoÌmJVñ ¡d eãXñ` J«hUmV² VmÑeàË``monnmXZo JË`ÝVam^mdoZVm¡ë`mV² M* B{V Amhþ….

d`ÝVw : *XoeàVr{VñVw Z VX{^ì`ÄOH$Üd{Z‘mÌgm‘Ï`m©V² {H$ÝVwÜdÝ wnZm`H$dm wgm‘Ï`m©V². ""ZoV¥Ëd§ ÐìèãX`mo…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&37) B{VV¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo dm`mo… H$m ©bjUmX² AZwdmV-à{VdmV-ldUm-ldUmä`m§ M dm waodÜdqZ Z`Z² Xoe‘{n àË`m``{V B{V {ZíM`mX²* B{V dXm‘…. EdÄM {Xe…ñdmVÝË oU lmoÌJ«mh² Ëdm^mdo@{n eãXo J¥h² ‘mUo V{ÛeofUV`m {XJ{n lmoÌoUJ¥h² Vo B{V Ñï>~bmX² A“r{H«$`Vo H$mbdV². `Wm H$mbmo Z ñdmVÝË oU BpÝÐ ¡…J¥h² Vo {df ofw J¥h² ‘mUofwVw gd£a{n BpÝÐ ¡… J¥h² Vo VÛV².

`Îmw gm¡JVm… lmoÌñ` àmß`àH$meH$Ëd‘² Amhþ…, VV² Z, g§{ZH¥$ï>{dàH¥$ï>`mo…wJnX² Cnbå^mnÎmo….

EdÄM eãXm{^ì`ÄOH$m… ÜdZ`… lmoÌmJVm… J¥h² ÝVB{V ~hþ{^… CÀMmaUo^y`m§g… Vo g‘m`mÝVr{V eãXmo@{n ‘hm{Zd Am^mgVo, Z VmdVm VÌAënËd^y`ñËdo, Vñ` XoekmZdX² ^«‘ËdmV². Ed‘od CËn{ÎmZmeàË``mo@{n

VX{^ì`ÄOH$Üd{ZJmoMa… àË``… eãXo Vm¡ àgÄO`{V ZVw VÌ Vm¡, AZwnnÎmo…CŠVËdmV². Vñ‘mV² eãXñ` {ZË`Ëd§ ì`mnH$Ëd§ M Aì`mhV‘od. *ZZw ì`mnH$Ëd§VWm{n Xwd©M‘od, lmoÌg§ñH$manjo Üd{Zg§ñH¥$V-lmoÌm{^ì`ŠV-eãX{Zð>-"H$'ËdmXrZm{‘d VÛçmnH$Ëdñ`m{n lm oÌ oU J «hU o ~mYH$m^mdmX ²,ÑJ`mo½`mH$meY‘©ñ` AdH$me- y ñËdmënËdmXo… Ñem J«hUdV². ZM *àXoeVEdA{^ì`Á`Vo* B{V dmÀ §, VWm g{V IÊS>Bd ly oV. Ed§ eãXg§ñH$manjo@{n~moÜ`‘². ZM *Üd{Zfw VX{^ì`ÄOZgm‘Ï`m© md… H$ënZr`…* B{V dmÀ §, VWmg{V n[aÀN> oXàVrVm ¡ ^ «‘Ëdñ` VÁOZH$Xm ofñ` M H$ënZr`V`mA{VJm¡adm{Xàg“mV². n[aÀN>oXm^mdo@{n {d{ZJ‘H$m^mdmV² M B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo,Z X wd ©M §, àmX oe‘mÌËd o@{n A{^{d‘mZ o na~ «÷Urd eãX~«÷Ê`{n{déÕY‘m ©l`Ëdñ` g wKQ >Ëd oZ VX §emZm § dUm © {XZm‘{n VWmËdmX ²ì`mnH$Ëdn[apÀN>ÝZËd`mo… A{damoYoZ AXmofmV². ZM *A§eËd§ ~mYH$‘²* B{VdmÀ`‘², AmË‘dX² CnnÎmo…, ""EH$… ewÕmo@jamo {ZË`… gd©ì`mnr VWm nw‘mZ²gmo@ß §e… gd© yVñ`, ‘¡Ìo , na‘mË‘Z…'' ({dîUwnwam.6&4&36) B{V {dîUwnwamUo{d^moa{n nwéfñ` Z^ñVbH$ënñ` ~«÷m§eËdH$WZmV². àH¥$Vo@{n eãX~«÷ àH¥$Ë`"" yVofw Kmofê$noU {dgofyU}d bú`Vo'' (^mJ.nwam.11&21&37) B{V lr^mJdVoH$WZmV ² VXZw^dmV² M gd©Ì eãX~«÷gËdñ` A~m{YVàË`{^k`mVX§e^yVdUm©{XgËdñ` A~m{YVn[aÀN> oXàVrË`m n[apÀN>ÝZËdñ` MàË`j~b{gÕËdmV². AV… ^mÅ>‘Vo AmH¥$Vo… {^ÝZm{^ÝZËddX² dUm©Zm‘{nC^`{dYËdo Z H$mo@{n {ddmXboe….

eãXñ` AW©àË`m`H$Ëd§ dU£… nX¡… dmŠ ¡… dm? :

ZZw nydª ‘r‘m§gH$‘VoZnm. o.33 àË`{^km~bmV² eãXñ` {ZË`Ëdm{XH$‘² A“rH¥$V§,àË`{^km`m… VXoH${df`Ëd§ M, eãXñ` AW©àË`m`H$Ëd~bmV². AVmo{ZË`Ëdm{Xà`moOH$‘² AW©àË`m`H$Ëd§ dUm©XrZm§ Ì`mUm‘² CV AÝ`Vañ` BVañ`dm B{V {dMmaUr`‘².

VÌ àmÄMmo d¡`mH$aUmñVw *Z dUm©Zm§, "Jm¡…'B{V CŠVo Ho$db¡…JH$mam¡H$ma{dgO©Zr ¡… AWm©àVrVo…. Zm{n nXdmŠ`ê$nmV² VËg‘wXm`mX², dUm©Zm§H«${‘H$ËdoZ Vñ ¡d A^mdmV². Zm{n nyd©nyd©dUm©Zw dOÝ`-g§ñH$ma-ghH¥$VmpÝV‘-

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dUm©X², AZoH$mÑï>-g§ñH$ma-H$ënZm-Jm¡ad-àg“mV². AVmo dUm©{^ì §½`mo A{V[aŠV…ñ’$moQ>m»`… eãXmonm. o.34 AW©àË`m`H$mo A"rH$m ©…. VW¡dnm. o.35 nXdmŠ`ñ’$moQ>md{n*

B{V Amhþ…. ‘r‘m§gH$mñV w *lmoÌJ«mh²ò dñVw{Znm.ô.36 "eãX'eãXà`moJmX² "Jm¡…'BË`Ì

JH$mam¡H$ma-{dgO©Zr`m{V[aŠVñ` AÝ`ñ` AldUmX² ""dUm©Ed eãX…'' B{VCndf©‘V‘² A“rH¥$Ë`, dUm©{V[aŠVñ` eãXmÝVañ` AZwnbå^mX², dUm©Zm‘²A{ZË`ËdoZ H«${‘H$Ëdo nyd©n yd ©{Zd¥Î`m AW©àË`m`H$ËdoZ A{^‘Vñ`ñ’$moQ>mË‘H$eãXñ`m{n A{^ì`º²$``moJmV², VXm{hVg§ñH$maH$ënZm`m… ñ’$moQ>njo@{nAmdí`H$ËdoZ; àË`wV, Jm¡adm{YŠ`mV² M dUm©Ed eãX…. Vofm§ {ZË`Ëdo@{nVÁO{ZVmZw^dñ` A{ZË`ËdoZ AW©àVr{VñVw nyd©nyd©-dUm©Zw^dO{ZV-g§ñH$maghH¥$VmpÝV‘-dUm©X² dm ñdmamo{nV-ñdm{^ì`ÄOH$-Üd{ZH«$‘-em{bËdoZñ‘ ©‘mUoä`mo dU}ä`mo dm* B{V Amhþ….

Ed§ nyd©‘Vo Z H$ñ`m{n AW©àË`m`H$Ëd§ {ÛVr o M Z nXdmŠ``mo: B{VVX^mdmV² Ì`mUm§ Û`mo… dm {ZË`Ëdì`mnH$Ëdo Xwd©MoEd B{V MoX²-

AÌ Zì`d¡ mH$aUm… *Z d § dUm©{^ì §½ § ñ’$moQ>§ dXm‘… {H$ÝVw ""ñ’w$Q>{VAWm} AZoZ'' B{V ì`wËnÎ`m dmMH§$ eãX§ "ñ’$moQ>…' B{V dXm‘…. gMA~m{YVàË`{^km~bmX² `Wm dU©ê$nmo Aä wnJV… VWm ""VXod nX§ VXod BX§dmŠ`‘²'' B{V àË`{^km~bmV² nXdmŠ`ê$nmo@{n. ZM *B`‘² Am¡nm{YH$s gm*

B{V dmÀ`§, KQ>m{XàVrVoa{n VWmËdmnÎmo…, eãXo EH$mW©~moYH$ËddX² KQ>mXm¡gmd`do ObmhaUm{X-ê$n¡H$mW©OZH$Ëdñ` CnmYo… gËdmV², ~moYH$Ëdñ ¡d Cnm{YËdo{Z`m‘H$m^mdmV². `Îmw ñWmÝ`mXoeôXoZ {Û{dYofw dU}fw, ""Ho$fm§ dmMH$Ëd‘²,ñWm{ZZm‘² CV AmXoemZm‘²?'' B{V g§e o, "^d{V'BË`mXm¡ AmXoemZm§ {V~mXrZm§~hþËdoZ Vofw epŠVH$ënZo Jm¡admV², ñWmZr yV-bH$ma{Zð>¡d epŠV…. ZM *Ed§g{V "^y-b' BË`V… emãX~moYmn{Îm…* eL²H$Zr`m, g‘{^ì`mhmañ`m{nghH$m[aËdmV². AÝ`Wm "{V~²' BË`Vmo@{n ñ`mX²* B{V Xe©ZmÝVam{^{Zdo{eZ…Amhþ….

VX{n Ag“V§, "^d{V'BË`mXm¡ à`moJg‘doVmZm§{Q>.1 {V~mXrZm‘odH$Ìm©{XdmMH$Ëd§ ZVw ñWmZr yVmZm§ bmXrZm§, ì`dhmaoU Voîdod eŠVo… J«mhUmV²-ñWm{ZZm o dmMH$Ëd o nm.^ o .37, A{ZîH ¥ $ï > mX{n emãX~m oYmnÎm o …dmaUm`g‘{^ì`mhma{deofñ` H$maUVm`m… Adí`dŠVì`Ëdo ""VÕoVmoaod''{Q>.2

B{V Ý`m oZ g‘{^ì`mhmahoVyZm§ dUm©Zm‘od dmMH$Ëdonm. o.38 bmKdmV² M; Ed‘²AmXoemZm‘² AmXo{eñ‘maH$Ëdnjo@{n, epŠVÛ`H$ënZmnË`m AmXoemZm§ dmMH$ËdEdbmKdmV² M.

Ed‘² AmXoemZm§ dmMH$Ëdo {gÕo nXñ`m{n dmMH$Ëd§ {gÕ‘od,

1. g§gJ© mOm‘² B{V AW©… (A). 2. ""VÕoVmoaod VX² AñVw qH$ VoZ''B{VÝ`m`…. "Vñ`'=H$nmbmXo… "hoVmo…'=‘¥XmXoaod "VX²'=KQ>m{XH$maUËd‘² AñVw.qH$ "VoZ'=AÝVJ©Sw>Zm H$nmbm{Xê$nH$m }UB{V AW©…. ( w.bm¡.Ý`m.gm.)(í`m).

"Jm¡…'BË`mXm¡ Ho$dboZ {dgJm©{XZm Jdm{Xê$nmWm©d~moYmXe©ZmV²nm. o.39 g‘wXmÈdAW©~moYmZwHy$b-epŠV{ZíM`mV². ZM *dUm©Zm§ dmMH$Ëdhm{Z…, àË oH$md¥pËVZ…g‘ wXm`md ¥ {Î mËd{Z`‘ oZ nXeº ² $` ¡d VpËgÕ o…. AVEdàH¥${VàË``mXmd{nì`mgÁ`d¥{Îmaod epŠV…, ZVw àË oH$dU©n`m©ßVm B{V wÁ`Vo.

Ed§ dmŠ`mW©~moYmZwHy$bm epŠVa{n nXg‘wXm`ê$no dmŠÈd {ZíMo m, dmŠ`mXodVmÑemÝd`monpñWVo…. ZM *dmŠ`mZm§ VXWm©Zm‘² AÝd`mZm§ M Anyd©ËdmV²,epŠVJ«hmgå^doZ dmŠ`mW©ñ` AÝd`ñ` bú`Ëd‘od gmYr`…* B{V dmÀ`§,gånyU©dmŠ`ldUmV² nyd©‘² AÝd`mZwnpñWVo…nm.ô.40 VÌ bjUm`mA{n kmVw‘²AeŠ`ËdoZ, VmÑenXmZwnyduldUmoÎma§ VÎmëbjUm`mBd eŠVoa{n gwJ«hËdoZ Vm¡ë`mV².ZM *""h[aÐm`m§ ZÚm§ Kmof…''B{V dmŠ o lwVo ZXr{deofñ` "h[aÐm'B{V Am»`m‘²AOmZVmo@{n, "ZXr'nXg‘{^ì`mhmamV² VXmZr‘od "h[aÐm'nXñ` ZXr{deofoepŠVJ«hmo, ZXr{b“mV² VËgå~pÝYËdoZ VraàË``… M, ÐmJod Om`Vo. Ed‘²AÝd`àË``mo@{n ^{dî`{V* B{V dmÀ`§, VmÑenXg‘{^ì`mhmaoU VXmZr‘oddmŠèpŠVkmZñ` VoZ AÝd`kmZñ` M VÛXod eŠ`dMZËdoZ Vm¡ë`mX²,AZwnnÎ`^mdoZ bjUm`m… AeŠ`dMZËdmV² M. `{XM ""nXmZm‘²

87 88

ApÝdVm{^Ym{`Ëd§ ñdrH¥$Ë` nXepŠV… nXmWmªeo kmVm AÝd`m§eo M AkmV¡dCn wÁ`Vo'' B{V Hw$ãOepŠVdmXmo A“r{H«$`Vonm. o.41, VXm{n ""dmŠèpŠV… AkmVmnXepŠV… M kmVm Cn`wÁ`Vo'' BË`{n dŠVw§ eŠ`ËdoZ g‘{^ì`mhmamXodemãX~moYXe©ZoZM Vñ` Aà`moOH$ËdmV². Hw$ãOeŠË`Z“rH$V¥©-‘mÜd‘VoM*"KQ>m{X'nX‘² BVampÝdVo KQ>mXm¡ eŠV‘² B{V ì wËnÝZñ`, ""KQ>‘² AmZ`''BË`mXm¡"KQ>'-nXm-"@‘²'nX`mo…nm.ô.42 àËòH§$ J¥hrVepŠVH$ñ` VmÑemZwnydukmZ-VmËn ©kmZm{X‘V…, g‘{^ì`mhmaH$maUVm`m… AkmZo@{n ""KQ>H$‘©H$‘² AmZ`Z‘²''B{V emãX~moYmn{Îm…, g‘{^ì`mhmañ` H$maUVmZ“rH$mamV². ZM Bï>mn{Îm… H$VwªeŠ`m, {deofU{deoî`^mdo {d{ZJ‘Zm{dahmV²•""gm‘mÝ`V… BVampÝdVmo KQ>…BVampÝdV§ H$‘©Ëd‘²'' BË od§ kmZmnÎmo…, ""KQ>r § H$‘©Ëd‘²'' B{V AZmnÎmo… M.AW VmÑe{deofmÝd`~moY§ à{V-nXmÝVag‘{^ì`mhmañ`, "KQ>'nXmoÎma§ {ÛVr`m`m…,VVmo YmVmo…, VV… Am»`mVñ`-BË`m{Xê$nñ`m{n H$maUVm A“rH¥$Vm MoV², {gÕ¡ddmŠò epŠV…, nXg‘wXm`ñ`¡d dmŠ`ËdmV² VpÝZð>~moYH$maUVm`mEd MepŠVËdmV².nm. o.43 EVoZ¡d ""H$m`m©pÝdVo nXmZm§ epŠV…'' BË`{n AnmñV‘².

`Îmw Z¥qghml‘m… *d¥qÎm {dZm dmŠ`mW©ñ` emãX~moY{df`Ëdmgå^dmV²V{Ûf`m d¥{Îm… ñdrH$m`m©…. Vñ`míM A{V[aŠVËdo Jm¡admV², Šb¥ßVnXmW©epŠVaodV{Ûf{Ùr H$ëß`Vo. nXmZm‘² AÝd`gm‘mÝò eŠVm¡, gm‘mÝèŠVo… {deof‘²A{df`rH¥$Ë` An`©dgmZmV², VÎmËnXgm‘mÝèpŠV{âod g‘{^ì`möV-nXmonñWm{nV-nXmW©{deof-{Zê${nVmo AÝd`{deofmo {df`r^{dî`Vr{V EH$epŠV-H$ënZmbmKdmX², EH$nXà`moJo@{n AÝd`{deofñ` {Z`‘oZ {OkmgmXe©ZmV²,Vñ`míM gm‘mÝ`kmZnyd©H$ËdmV², Vñ` eãXmX² AÝ`Vmo Agå^dmV², nXoîdodApÝdVm{^Ym{`Ëd{ZíM`mV² M* B{V Amhþ….

VV² Z, Ñï>o Oå~ra’$bmXm¡ ag{deof-{OkmgmdV² gm‘mÝ`mkmZo@{nAÝd`{deof-{OkmgmonnÎmo…. ZM *Ed§ g{V VÛXod {Okmgm`m… AÌm{n A{Z`‘…ñ`mX²* B{V dmÀ`‘², Bï>mnÎmo…,{Q>.1 {OkmgmZwamoYoZ AÝd`ñ` nXeŠ`Ëdm“rH$mao{Okmgm`m… {deof{df`ËdoZ AÝd`ñ`m{n {deofê$noU eŠ`ËdmnÎmo… M, kmZoÀN> mo…g‘mZàH$maH$ËdoZ hoVwhoVw‘X²^mdmV². AÝ`Wm Ðì`Ëdm{Xê$noU kmVo dñVw{Z

gwdU©Ëdm{XZm AkmVoZ ê$noU BÀN>mnÎmo…. ZM * oZ ê$noU kmZ§ d¥Îm§ VoZ ê$noU{g{ÕgËdmX², oZM ê$noU kmZ‘od ZmpñV VoZ ê$noU H$maUm^mdmÀM, BÀN>m`m…Agå^doZ {OkmgmoÀN>oXmn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ §, {gÕËdkmZñ ¡d à{V~ÝYH$ËdoZVñ` A^mdmXod{Q>.2 {OkmgmonnÎmo…. Vñ‘mV² Z AÝd`… nXmZm‘² AW©….

`Îmw *nXmWm©… nXmW©ñ‘¥{V… dm emãX~moYo hoVw…, ZVw nXkmZ§

1. dñVwVñVw EH$nXà`moJo AÝd`gm‘mÝ`{Okmg¡d Ñï>mZwamoYmX² ko m(A). 2.à{V~ÝYH$s yV{gÕËdkmZñ` A^mdmXod B{V AW©…. VWmM AÝd`kmZm^mdmXodAÝd`{Okmgm ZVw gm‘mÝ`Vmo AÝd`kmZmX² B{V ^md…(A).

dmŠ`kmZ§ dm* B{V ‘V§, VV² Z, Mjwam{XZm nXmWm}npñWVmd{n emãX~moYmnÎmo…,""eãXoZ A`‘² AWm} ~wÕ…'' B{V AZw d{damoYmnÎmo… M. Vñ‘mX² dmŠ`‘od,nXg‘wXm`mË‘H$‘², AÝd`ñ` dmMH$‘². `Ûm nX§ dmŠ § M AIÊS>‘od, ""EH$…nQ>…'' B{VdX² ""EH§$ nX§ dmŠ § M'' B{V A~m{YVà{VVo….VÌ dU©nX`mo… àVr{VñVw"G$'-"b¥'-"E'-Amo'à ¥{VdU}fw Ad`dàVr{VdX² «mÝVm. ZM """H$'H$mam{XH§$e¥Um o{‘'' BË`m{XàVr{V{dam oY…, VÎmX²dUm }ËnmXH$Ëdm{XZm A{^‘VoZdm`wg§`moJ{deofoU VW¡d AIÊS>nXdmŠ``mo… ì`ÄOZoZ A{damoYmV². VÌ"H$'H$mam{XàË``ñ` dU}fw VmaËdm{XàË``dX² ^«mÝVËdmV². AÝ`Wm VÌAZÝVdUm©{XH$ënZo Jm¡adàg“mV².

`Îmw *AmH$m§jm{XghH$maoU nXmÝ od{Q>.1 dmŠ`mW©~moY§ OZ`pÝV* B{V ‘V§,VV² Z, Jwé^yVmH$m §jm`mo½`Vm{X-kmZñ` H$maUËdo ‘mZm^mdmV²{Q>.2 ZM*AmH$m§jmkmZñ` AH$maUËdo ""KQ>… H$‘©Ëd‘²'' BË`Vmo@{n ~moYmn{Îm…, ""A`‘²E{V nwÌmo amk… nwéfmo Angm`©Vm‘²'' BË`mXm¡ "amO'nXñ` "nwéf'nXoZ ghAÝd`mZw^dmH$m§jm`m‘{nnm.ô.44 "nwÌ'nXoZ AÝd`mn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ`§, ""KQ>…H$‘©Ëd‘²'' BË`mXm¡ epŠVJ«hgÎdo ~moYñ` Bï>ËdmX², {dnarVì wËnÝZñ ¡d Xwï>ËdmV².

g‘rMñVw *epŠVJ«hm^mdmXod dmaUgå^dmX², ""A`‘² E{V...''BË`mXm¡VwVmËn ©kmZm^mdo ~moYm^mdmXod Z "nwÌoU' AÝd`… VmËn ©kmZoVw VVEd {Zd¥{Îm….

89 90

Vñ` Vdm{n Amdí`H$ËdmV², VXK{Q>Vm`m… AmH$m§jm`m… Xwd©MËdmX², ""EVñÈd§ kmZ§ ^dVw'' B{V A{^gÝYm ¡d nañna-g§gJ© mo½`mW©-dmMH$nXà`moJmV².AW *""KQ>‘² AmZ`'' BË`mXm¡ KQ>H$‘©H$mZ`Z-~moYH$nX-g‘{^ì`mhmañ`¡dH$maUVmXe©ZmV², g{Q>.3Ed AmH$m§jm, VmËn`©kmZÝVw hoËdÝVa‘²* B{V Cno`Vo,VXmVw g‘{^ì`mhmañ` dmŠ`Y‘©ËdmV² nX{deof-g‘{^ì`mhma-Y‘©H$dmŠ`JV-~moYZgm‘Ï ©‘od AmH$m§jo{V {gÕ§ dmŠ`ñ ¡d dmŠ`mW©~moYOZH$Ëd‘². n[a^mfm‘mÌ§na‘²

1. d¥{Îm‘pÝV nXm{Z B{V AW©…(A). 2. AÝd o d¥Î ¡d AÝd`~moYmonnÎmm¡VX{V[aŠVñ` Añ` H$maUËdo VWmËdmX² B{V AW©…(A). 3. g‘{^ì`mhma…(í`m).

Ad{eî`Vo. VX{n Vñ`m… AmH$m§jm`m… d¥{ÎmËdmoŠVm¡ Z {déÕçVo. AV…EVXZwamoYoZ AÝd`ñ` eŠ`Ëd{ZagZ‘² A`wŠV‘od. *ZZw AñVw Ed§ VWm{ndmŠ`{Zð>~moYH$Ëdñ` epŠVËdo qH$ ‘mZ‘²* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo : {df`Vmgå~ÝYoZemãX~w{ÕËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V VoZ¡d gå~ÝYoZ d¥{ÎmOÝ`monpñWVo… hoVwV¡d ‘mZ‘².AÝ`Wm ""KQ>‘² AmZ`'' BË`Ì "KQ>'nXeŠË`kmZdVmo@{n, VÁkmZdVBd,~moYmnË`m KQ>emãX~moYo KQ>mW©H$-nXd¥{ÎmOÝ`-kmZËdoZ H$maUVm dmÀ o{V AW© oXoZAZÝVH$mo{Q>-H$m ©H$maU^md-H$ënZm-Jm¡admnÎmo…. {H$ÄM dmŠ`{Zð>~moYH$ËdñÀepŠVËdonm.ô.45 nX{Zð>~moYH$Ëdñ`m{n AepŠVËd§ gwdM{‘{V, dmŠ`mW©dV²nXmW©ñ`m{n AeŠ`Ëdmn{Îm…, VWm g{V eãXñ` AW}Z gå~ÝYEd hròV.Vñ‘mX² dmŠ`ñ` dmMH$Ëd§ {Z~m©Y{‘{V dUm©X`… Ì`mo@{n dmMH$m… B{V*Amhþ…. VoZ Ì`mUm§ {ZË`Ëdm{XH$‘{n {Z~m©Y‘od.

*ZZw nXdmŠ``mo… dUm©{VaoH${gÕm¡ nXmXrZm§ ñdê$noU dmMH$Ëd{g{Õ… ZVwVX^mdo. A{VaoH$ñVw Z àË`{^km‘mÌoU {gÕç{V, Vñ`m: EH$mW©-~moYH$Ëdmonm{Y-H¥$VËdmV². ZM AÌ ‘mZm^md:, VÌ "Amg'-"H$admb'-"Hw$é'-"^dm'{XnXofwAd`dmW©ñ` {^ÝZñ` ñ’y$Vm£ nXôXñ’y$V}: VX^mdo M nX¡Š`ñ’y$V}: Vñ`Cnm{YËd{ZíM`mV². AÝ`Wm nX oX-nX¡Š`-ñ’y$Ë ©ZmnÎmo:. ZM KQ>m{XàË`{^km`m:Am¡nm{YH$Ëdmn{Îm…, VÌ EH$mW©OZH$Ëdo@{n Ad`d oXoZ {^ÝZmW©OZH$Ëdm^mdmX².KQ> oXñ’y$Ë © mdoZ EH$mW©OZH$Ëdñ`nm. o.46 Cnm{YVm`m… dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV².Ed§ {gÕo EH$mW©~moYH$Ëdñ` Cnm{YËdo àË`{^k`m nXdmŠ``mo… dUm©X²

A{VaoH$gmYZ§ d¡`mH$aUmZm‘² Ag‘ÄOg‘odo{V VpÝZË`Ëdm{XH$‘{n VWm B{VMoV², Z n`m© mUm‘² EH$mW©~moYH$Ëdo@{n nX¡Š`~wÕç^mdoZ Vñ` Cnm{YVm`m…dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². Ed§ {^ÝZmW©~moYH$Ëdñ`m{n Z nX oXYrOZH$Ëd§, ZmZmW©ñWboì`{^MmamV². AV… àË`{^km`m… A{VaoH$gmYH$Ëdo Z H$mo@{n Xmof…. V{h© H$W§oXñ’y${V©…?* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo : nXmZm‘² AZÝVê$nËdmV² Vm{Z {dH$madpÝV

nXê$nm{U AÝ`mÝ od, ZmZm^moJ^moŠV¥-`mo{JH$m`ì yhdV². Vm{ZM à`moŠV¥à ¥VrZm‘²BÀN>m{deofm{XZm ì wËn{Îm{deofñ’y$Vm£ à{V^mÝVr{V VËghH¥$VmV² ñdê$nmXod B{V~wÕçñd.

AVEd ^Å>dm{V©Ho$@{n : ""nXmdYmaUmonm`mZ² ~hÿ{ZÀN>pÝV gya`…H«$‘Ý`yZm{V[aŠVËdñdadmŠ`lw{Vñ‘¥Vr…'' (íbmo.dm.dmŠ`m.H$m[a.183) B{VàmW{‘H$-àW‘nmXo dmŠ`m{YH$aUo oXmdYmaUmonm`m… CŠVm….

ZMnm. o.47 *ì`mH$aUmXm¡ àH¥${V-àË``-{d^mJXe©ZmV² nXmZm‘² A{ZË`Ëd§-

eL²H$ç§, ì`wËn{Îm‘mÌmW©ËdmX², Aì`wËn{Îmnjñ`¡d ì`mH$aUo ‘w»`ËdmV².{dH$madVmÄM{Q>.1 nm. o.48 à`moOZ§ íbofmo, doXo namojdmXmWª bmoHo$ M‘ËH$ma{deofmÚWªM, Vñ` Amdí`H$ËdmV². "àOm o ' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6•N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3) B{VBÀN>`m ê$ng¥îQ>m{dd Zm‘g¥ï>md{n brbmWª d¡{MÍ`m` Vñ` AnojUmV². AVmo ZH$m{n AZwnn{Îm… Ed§ dmŠ`{deofoîd{n {dH$madËd‘²{Q>.2 D$hZr`‘². *ZZw AñVw Ed§nXdmŠ``mo… A{VaoH$…, VWm{n Z Ì`mUm§ dmMH$Ëd§, nX¡… nXmWm}nñWmnZo dmŠ`mW©ËdoZA{^‘Vñ` AÝd`ñ` g§gJ©‘`m ©X`m nX ¡a od ^mZgå^doZ dmŠ`mZm §dmMH$ËdH$ënZñ` Aà`moOH$ËdmX²* B{V MoV², Z, g§gJ©ñ` g‘{^ì`mhma{deofU^mZmV², Vñ ¡d dmŠ`ËdmV², VoZ ^mZo dmŠÈd eŠVo… n ©dgmZñ` d¡ mH$aU¡aodCnnm{XËdmV ². Zm{n nXm onñWm{nVnXmWm ©Zm‘ od H$aUËd § gmYr`…,gånyU©dmŠ`ldUmoÎma§ Om`‘mZñ` ~moYñ`-nyd©nXmZm§ Zï>ËdoZ, {ZË`njoì`ÄOH$ZmemV² {Vamo{hVËdoZ M, CnñWmnH$m^mdmV² nXmWm©ZwnpñWVm¡-AZwËn{Îmàg“mX², A{dÚ‘mZmZm§ àH$mamÝVaoU ~moYH$Ëdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV².

91 92

ZM *nyd©nXmZm§ {Zd¥ÎmËdo@{n g§ñH$maoU Vofm‘² CnpñWVm¡ VXwnñWm{nVmZm§H$maUËd‘²* B{V wŠV§, Jm¡admX², dmŠ`mW©~moYñ` AemãXËdmnÎmo…, "Mmjwfm'{XnXdV²"emãX'nXñ`m{n H$aUmW©H$nXàH¥${VH$ËdoZ VËg‘m»`m{damo

1. ZZw eãXê$noU Am{d^m©d… H$‘m©{XàdV©ZmW©‘² AÌ B©ÑenXà`moOZm^mdmV²{H${‘Ë od‘²? B{V AmH$m¬m`m‘² Amhþ… {dH$ma...BË`m{X(A J). 2. `Wm ""‘hË`mJX`m wŠV…'' BË`mXm¡ (J)-""‘hÎ`mJX`m wŠV…'' BË`mXm¡(A).YmnÎmo… M. Zm{n""d¥{Îm‘ËnXkmZ‘od H$aU‘²'' B{V wŠV‘², Ed‘{n AemãXËdñ` AmnÎmo…. ZM*dmŠ`kmZH$aUËdnjo@{n A`§ Xmof…* B{V dmÀ`§, km`‘mZdmŠ`ñ`¡dH$aUËdm“rH$mamV². ZM *‘m¡{ZíbmoH$mXm¡ ì`{^Mma…* B{V eL²H$ç§, VÌm{n {bß`m{XZmkm`‘mZñ` Vñ ¡d H$aUËdmX², AÝ`Wm ldUmJ«mh²`ËdoZ VÌ "eãX'-~wÕoa{nAZwËn{Îmàg“mX², kmZmV² Vñ` {MañWm{`ËdmonJ‘oZ Vñ` H$aUËdo ~mYH$m^mdmV²M.

""Zm{n AÝd o epŠV…'' B{V wŠV§, H$ënZmVm¡ë`mX², EH$ñ`m{n nXñ`ldUo AÝd`~moYmnÎmo…, "Jm¡…'-"Aíd…'-"nwéfmo'-"hñVr' BË`mXmd{n VXmnÎmo…M, g‘{^ì`mhma{deofñ`m{n H$maUËdo dmŠÈd epŠVn`©dgmZmV² M.EH$epŠVnjo@{n Aä wnJÝËQ¥>Um‘², ""ApÝdVo epŠV…'' BË`m{XdmŠ`mV², MoV²Vñ`m… J«hU§, VXm VÛmŠ`mWª {dMma`Vmo OmVñ` ~moYñ` «‘Ëdmn{Îm…. gd}fm‘²ApÝdVo eŠVm¡, "ApÝdV'nXñ`m{n ApÝdVo ñdmW} eŠVo… dŠVì`ËdoZ,AmË‘ml`mZdñWmÝ`VamnÎ`m VXWm©{ZíM oZ, VÌ Aà‘mÊ`mdYmaUmV². VVíM""ApÝdVo epŠV…''B{V dmŠ`mV² epŠVJ«hñ` XÎm{VbmÄO{bËdmn{Îm…. Ho$fmpÄMX²ApÝdVo eŠVm¡ ApÝdVmeŠV-nXK{Q>V-dmŠò VXÝd`~moYH$m^mdoZ VñÀZpÝdVàVrË`mn{Îm…, VXpÝdVàVrVm¡ hoËdÝVañ` dŠVì`Ëdo VoZ¡d gd©Ì {Zdm©hmX²ApÝdVo eŠË`{g{Õ… M. ì`dhmaoU epŠVJ«hoM•Vñ` gd©gmYmaUËdmV² gd}fm‘odVÌ epŠVJ«hoU {ddmXmZwX`àg“…, ì`dhmañ` dmŠ`‘ybH$ËdoZ VÌ¡d epŠVn ©dgmZ§M.

AV… gd©njmUm‘² AZwnnÝZËdmV², VXä wnJ‘o "dmŠ`mW©'g‘m»`m{damoYmX²,dmŠ`ê$nmUm§ ‘ÝÌàH$aUemñÌmUm‘² AZW©H$Ëdàg“mV² M dmŠ`‘od dmMH$‘².

EVmdmZ² na§ {deof… : nXm{X{^… ñdmW©~moYOZZo epŠVñ‘¥{V… Aä wnm`…,dmŠòZ emãX~moYOZZoVw VXd`d^yV-nXOÝ`m nXmW©ñ‘¥{V… ghH$m[aUr, Ed§‘hmdmŠ o AdmÝVadmŠÒÝ`m VXW©ñ‘¥{Va{n B{V.

ZM *‘hmdmŠòfw `pËH$pÄMËnX-{dñ‘aUo dmŠ`mW©~moYmo Z ñ`mX²,Aä wnm`m^mdmX²* B{V dmÀ`‘², Bï>ËdmX², {dd{jVemãX~moYñ` VXm A^mdmX².ZM *dmMH$Ëdñ` kmVñ`¡d emãX~moYOZH$ËdoZ, dmŠ`mZm§ M AmZÝË`mV²VÀN>pŠV-J«mhH$mZwemgZ-H$moemÚ^mdoZ, VX²J«hmo Xwb©^…, VX^mdo M VoZemãX~moYm^mdmX² dmMH$Ëdm{g{Õ…* B{V dmÀ`‘², CŠV- arË`m dmŠ`ñ`g§gJ©dmMH$Ëdo EH$Ì {ZpíMVo ""dmŠ`àdmhñ` g§gJ©àdmh-dmMH$Ëd‘²'' B{VkmZñ` gwb^ËdmV², g‘mZZm‘ê$nËdoZ gm‘Ï ©gm‘mÝ`ñ` VÌ {ZíM`mV², nQ>mXm¡Ad`dôX oZ {^ÝZËd o@{n VWmXe©ZmV ², dmŠ`ñ` nXmÝVaàd oe oZ odA{YH$g§gJm©ÝVaàdoeoZ dmŠ`mW©ê$ng§gJ©ñ` oXo@{n dmŠ`Ëdg§gJ©Ëd`mo… ñdê$n`mo…VVmo AZnm`mV².

{H$ÄM, ""{VL²>gw~ÝVM`mo dmŠ § {H«$`m dm H$maH$mpÝdVm'' (A‘.H$mo.1&6&2)B{V H$moeoZ C^`Ì "dmŠ`'nXeŠVo… J«mhUmV², H$maH$mpÝdV{H«$`mnX{deï>oAd`{d{Z "dmŠ`'nXeŠVm¡ {ZpíMVm`m§, `Wm "dmŠ`'nXldUo VmÑH²$-nX-{d{eï>-dmŠ`-ñdê$n-ñ’y${V©…, VWm VmÑe-nX-{d{eîQ>-dmŠ`-ldUoVËñdê$n‘{håZm VÀN>araà{dï>ñ` AÝd`ñ`m{n ñ’y${V©… naåna`m, "dmŠ`'nX-epŠVkmZmX{n gwb^m, g‘{^ì`mhma{deofmV² M nX{d{eîQ>VX²{deofmV² MV{Ûeofñ` kmZ{‘{V Z H$m{MX² AZwnn{Îm…{Q>.1. AVEd ì wpËnËgdmo ~mbm… EH$Ì{H«$`mH$maH$mÝd`‘² AdJË` AÝ`Ìm{n VWm à{V`pÝV; ì wËnÝZmíM lwV‘mÌoUdmŠ`mX² ""A`‘² AWm} AdJV…'' B{V à{V`pÝV dXpÝV M VWm B{V wÁ`Vo.nXg‘yhmË‘Ho$ Vpñ‘Z² H$moemX² kmVo lwVo M gd}fm‘od AmH$m¬mam{hË`mV² VV…nXmW©‘mÌ~moYmo, `Wm ""Xe Xm{S>‘m{Z'' BË`mXm¡, BË`{n `wÁ`Vonm.ô.49. ZM*dmŠ`H$aUnjo dmŠ`m{YH$aU{damoY…* eL²H$ç…, ""VX²^yVmZm§ {H«$`mW}Zg‘måZm`mo@W©ñ` VpÝZ{‘ÎmËdmX²'' (O¡{‘.gy.1&1&25) B{V VXr`{gÕmÝVgyÌñ`

93 94

"VX²^yVmZm§'-dmŠ`md`d-^yVmZm§ nXmZm§ "{H«$`mW}Z'-nXoZ "g‘måZm`…'-g‘{^ì`mhmamo dmŠ`ê$nmo, dmMH$… B{V eof…. VÌ hoVw… "AW©ñ`'-dmŠ`mW©ñ`"VpÝZ{‘ÎmËdmV²'-g‘{^ì`mhma{Z{‘ÎmËdmX²'' BË`{n ì`m»`mVw§

1. AkmVnjo kmVnjo M B{V AW©… (A).eŠ`ËdmV². AV… Ì`mUm§ dmMH$Ëd§ gynnÝZ‘².

{H$ÄM Ed§ Ì`mUm§ dmMH$Ëdo@{n VÎmXW©~moYmZwHy$bm epŠV… Vofw-Voîdodo{VnXmÚd``^yVmZm§ dUm©Zm‘² AZW©H$ËdmV² Vofm§nm.ô.50 Jm¡U‘w»`ôXoZ dUm©Zm‘²AZÝVê$nËd‘{n {gÕ§ ~moÜ`‘². ZM *àËòH$md¥{ÎmZ… g‘wXm`md¥{ÎmËd{Z`‘mV²nXmZm‘{n AdmMH$Ëdmn{Îm…, h[aÐmMyU© mo… àË oH$md¥{ÎmZ… emoUËdñ` VËg‘wXm oHw$L²Hx$‘o, YmÝ`mÚd¥{ÎmZmo ‘hËdñ` YmÝ`m{Xamem¡ M, Xe©ZoZ {Z`‘ñÀà`moOH$ËdmV². ZM Ed§ dUm©{ZË`Ëdmn{Îm…, nXmZm§ ~moYH$ËdoZ {ZË`Ëdo {gÕoVXd`d{ZË`Ëdñ` VVEd {gÕo…. *ZZw ""nXo dUm©… Z {dÚÝVo dU}îdd`dm… ZM,dmŠ`mV² nXmZm‘² AË`ÝV§ à{ddoH$mo Z H$íMZ'' (dmŠ`n.1&73) B{V dmŠ`nXr`mX²AIÊS>ñ’$moQ>njo nXo dUm©Ed Z gÝVr{V d¥Wm A § {d^mJ…* B{V MoV², Z,""~«mô‘UmWm} `Wm ZmpñV H$píMX² ~«m÷UH$å~bo{Q>.1 XodXÎmmX`mo dmŠ o VW¡dñ waZW©H$m…'' (dmŠ`n.2&14) B{V dXVm dmŠ o nXmZm§ gmW©H$ËdoZ AgÎdñ`~moYZmV², ""nXo gmW©H$m… (dUm©…) Z {dÚÝVo'' B{V AW©ñ`m{n dŠVw§ eŠ`ËdmV².gd©Wm AgÎdm“rH$mao :-

dU©ì`ÄOH$-dm wg§ moJmXo…, dUm©{V[aŠV- ñ’$moQ>-ì`ÄOH$-Ëdñ`, dU©àVrVo…, «‘Ëdñ` dUm©nbmnñ`, BË`mÚà‘m{UH$mZoH$-

H$ënZmnÎmo…. ""H¥$nmo amo b…'' (nm{U.gy.8&2&18) BË`Ì nm{U{ZZm

G$dUm©d`ËdoZ ao’$m“rH$mamV² V{ÛamoYmnÎmo….

‘mÊSw>Š`mXm¡ ›H$mamjao AH$mam{X‘mÌmê$nmd`dmZm§ lwË ¡dA“rH$mamV² V{ÛamoYmnÎmo… M.

"""›'BË oH$mja§ ~«÷'' (^J.JrVm.8&13)BË`ÌAZ“rH$maoU{déÕY‘m©l`Ëdñ` ~moYZmÀM Z C^`ê$nËdmZwnn{Îm….

ZM *CnmgZmW©‘² Ad`dmopŠV…* B{V dmÀ §, VWm{n

1. "~«m÷UH$å~b' eãX… H$å~b{deofo ê$T>mo, d¥j{deofo "AídH$U©'eãXdV²#B(H$)#A.

H$ënZmonXoeËdm^mdmX², AZw^y`‘mZËdmX², ‘mÊSy>Šò doXZñ`¡d CŠVËdmV²,VËàVrVm¡ ^«‘ËdH$ënZñ` JwéËdmàm‘m{UH$Ëdmä`m§ M VX~mYmV², b¥H$mamXm¡{ejm`m‘² Ad`dmZ“rH$mamo@{n EVoZ¡d ì`m»`mV….

Ed§ nXo """K¥{U…' B{V Ûo Ajao'' (Z¥.ny.Vm.Cn.4&2) BË`m{XlwË`m,""Vñ‘mX² "Ah‘²' B{V gdm©{^YmZ§ Vñ` Am{X… A`‘² "A'H$ma…''(Z¥.C.Vm.Cn.7&2) B{V lwVm¡ "H$ma'àË` oZm{n AmÚmd`do dU©Ëd~moYZoZ MAd`dmË‘H$m… Vo km{nVm… ~moÜ`m….

Ed§ """H$'dVrfw aWÝVa§ Jm`{V'' (VmÊS²>ç~«m÷.11&4&2) B{V lwVo…,Z¥qgh‘ÝÌamOmoÕmao ""CJ« § àW‘§ ñWmZ§ OmZr`mX²'' (Z¥.ny.Vm.Cn.2&3)BË`m{XVmnZr`lwVo… M dmŠ o@{n dU©nX`mo… Ad`dËd§ ~moÜ`‘². AVmo AIÊS>Ëd‘²Ad`dd¡H$ë`m^mdm{^àm`H$‘od àmMm‘². VoZ ""EH§$ nX‘²'' BË`ñ`m… àVrVo…"hñVr'B{VdX², {d{eï>~w{ÕËdmV²•g‘wXm`njo@{n Vñ` A{V[aŠVËdmV² Z «mÝVËd‘².dñVwVñVw "ABCEAmo' BË`mXm¡ nX~wÕçZwX`mV² Z g‘yhñ` nXËd§ {H$ÝVw {d{eï>ñ ¡d,VXd`dmíM Vo AZW©H$mEd. AÝ`Wm dU©nXmä`m§ wJnV² H«$‘oU dm ñdñdmW©~moYZoemãX~moYXm¡K©Q>ç§,

Z¡amH$m¬çmX² {dd{jVmWm©~moY-ì`dhmaamoYm¡ M AmnÚo mVm‘².

ZM *Voîd{n d¡ mH$aUm{X{^… dmMH$Ëdñ` A“rH$mamV² Z AZW©H$Ëd‘²*

B{V dmÀ`§, eŠVo… ì`mgÁ`-d¥{ÎmËdm“rH$maoU àËòH$‘² A~moYH$ËdoZ

95 96

Jm¡UËdmZnm`mV². ZM *VÛV² Ho$dbmZm‘² AZW©H$Ëd§* eL²H$ç‘², EH$mjaH$moeoVXW©H$WZmV². ZM *Vofm§ gw~ÝVËdoZ nXËdmV² VËà`wŠV‘od AW©dÎd‘²* B{VeL²H$ç‘², "EH$mjaH$moe'g‘m»`m{damoYmV², gå~wÜ`ÝVofw Vofw-Vofw g‘wXm`bjUñ`nXËdñ` A^mdoZ nXmd`dê$nËdm^mdoZ M Ho$dbËdmZnm`mV² M. Ed§ {gÕoÛ¡{dÜò nXmZm‘² AZÝVê$nËdmX² AZmaãYËdmV² M VXd`d^yVmZm§ dUm©Zm‘²AZÝVê$nËd§ {Z~m©Y‘odo{V Vofm§ Jm¡U‘w»`^mdmo@{n CnnÝZEd. Ed§ nXdmŠ``moa{n~moÜ`‘². *ZZw AñVw dU}fw VWmËd§ ZVw nXdmŠ``moa{n, dmŠ`md`d yVmZm‘{nnXmZm§ dmMH$Ëdñ` Amdí`H$ËdoZ Jm¡UËdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV². AÝ`Wm dU©dV²nXoîd{n gL²Ho$VJ«hñ` AZmdí`H$ËdmV² V§ {dZm{n dmŠ`mW©~moYmnÎmo…. ZM *Vofwñ‘maH$Ëdm“rH$mamV² Z Xmof…* B{V wŠV‘², A{V[aŠVepŠV-H$ënZmJm¡ad-àg“mV².Ed§ ‘hmdmŠ`md`d^yV-dmŠ`mZm‘{n dmMH$Ëd‘² Amdí`H$‘od, AÝ`WmA“m{“^mdXm¡K©Q>çàg“mV², VX^mdo ‘hmdmŠ`ñ`m{n A~moYH$Ëdàg“mV² MB{V* MoV², Z, A~m{YV`m n[apÀN>ÝZËdàVrË`m dU©dV² nXoîd{n ê$n oX{gÕm¡ñdVÝÌnXgmÑí`ñ`m{n {gÕ o… VÝ‘{håZ ¡d AW©ñ‘aU oZeŠË`ÝVaH$ënZmJm¡adm^mdmV², Ed§ gL²Ho$VJ«hñ`m{n ghH$m[aËd{gÕo… M. AÝ`Wm`wJnX²d¥{ÎmÛ`mnÎmo….

*ZZw BX‘² Ag“V§, dŠÌm dmŠ`mWª ~moY{`Vw§ dmMH$mZm‘od à wÁ`‘mZËdmX²*

B{V MoV²,

Z, Vofm§ {ZamH$m¬mUm§ à`moJo ñdmWª à{VnmÚ H¥$VmW©ËdmX², "Jm¡…'-"Aíd…'-"nwéfmo'-"hñVr' BË`mXm{dd V¡… dmŠ`mW©~moYmZwËn{Îmàg“mV², àH¥$Vo… ñdmWªà{VnmÚ VWmËdo àË``mZnojUmV² V`mo… EH$mW©dmMH$Ëd-^“àg“mV²,àË``mà`moJàg“mV² M, AmH$m¬m{X‘Vm§ à`moJo M ñ‘maH$Ëdñ ¡d {gÕo…, dŠÌmñd~w{ÕH$pënVñ` g§gJ©ñ` ~moYZmW©‘² AW©ñ‘aUo Vofm§ eãXnyd©H$‘od ñ‘¥Vm¡ AmamohoUñ‘maH$mUm‘od nXmZm§ à`moJmV², "KQ>'nXoZ ñdmW} ñ‘m[aVo•VpÝZê${nV-H$‘©Ëd~moYH$-{ÛVr`m`m… "YmVw' nXoZ ñ‘m[aVo•VmÑJm»`mVñ` M à`moJ… {H«$`Vo BË`ñÀZw d{gÕËdoZ VÌ ‘mZmÝVamZnojUmV².

AVmo Z nXmZm§ Jm¡UËdm{g{Õ… Zm{n dmŠ`mZm§, ‘hmdmŠ`ñWmZm‘² AdmÝVamUm§,Vofm§ ldUXem`m§ ñdmWª à{VnmÚ H¥$VmWm©Zm‘{n A“m{“^mdmÚnojm`m§ñdmW©ñ‘maH$V ¡d ~wÕm¡ AmamohmV²{Q>.1. ZM *bm¡{H$H$dmŠ ofw, nXmZwnyduZmZmËdoZVXW©ñ` g§gJ©ñ` Anyd©ËdoZ ~wÕçm

1. ñdmW©ñ‘maH$V ¡d ~wÕm¡ AmamohmV² Z nXmZm§ Zm{n dmŠ`mZm§ dm Jm¡UËdm{g{Õ…B{V AW©… (í`m).

aMZm§ H¥$Ëd¡d VmÑemZwnydu{Z‘m©UoZ M, A{ZË`Ëdñ`Ñï>ËdmV²* à{Vkmhm{Z…,ì`dhmao doXmnoj`m Vofm§ hrZËdm` Vofw A{ZË`Ëdñ` Bï>Ëdo@{n, dñVwVmo, ~wÕçmaMZm§ H¥$Ëd¡d CÀMmaUXe©ZmV² H$mì`Md©Um{XXe©ZmV² M, Vofm§ kmZoZ¡d CËn{ÎmpñWVr{ZíMr oVo-B{V, gd©àVr{VZmeEd AmZwnyduZme…. kmZñ` {MañWm{`Ëd‘² AmXm¡ì wËnm{XV‘odo{V Vofm‘{n {ÌjUmdñWm{`ËdmZ“rH$maoU AXmofmX², ê$ng¥{ï>‘Ü`nm{VZm§{H«$`mVBd Zm‘g¥ï>çÝV…nm{VZm§ kmZV {MaH$mbpñWVo…nm.ô.51 Bï>ËdmV² M.H$mì`m{XZm‘² AÝòfm § M dmŠ`mZm§ V{Ûf`H$-àVrË`m{X{Q>.1-{dbÈd"{db`'CnMmamX². AÝ`Wm ""gEd A § íbmoH$…'' BË`m{X-àVr{V-~mYmnÎmo….ZM *B`§ gmOmË`mX²* B{V dmÀ`§, VWmg{V VËàVrË`mnÎmo…. Vñ` dmŠ`ñ`Zï>ËdoZ nwZ… H$WZo "AZwH$amo{V' B{V àVrË`mnÎmo…, amOdmŠ`mZwdmXH$XyVmXo…AZwH$aU-à wŠV-XÊS>mÚmnÎmo…, nydm}ŠV-Md©UmÚZw d-{damoYmnÎmo… M. d¡{XH$mZmÝVwVVmo@{n {MaH$mbñWm{`Ëd§ ‘hfuUm§ g§ñH$mañ` ‘hmàb`n ©ÝV‘² AdñWmZmV².VXwÎmaÝVw ^JdË od {Z…íd{gVê$noU pñW{V…. dñVwVñVw Añ‘Xm{X‘wIoZnm. o.52

H«$sS>mWª JdmZod dmŠ § dXVr{V gd©dmŠ`m{Z JdÛmŠ`ËdmX²nm. o.53 doXVwë`mÝ odBË`{n ""g Ef Ord…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&17) BË`Ì ""Ed§ J{X…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&19) B{V A{VXoeoZ EH$mXeñH$ÝYo {gÕ{‘{V Vñ` {ZË`Ëdo H$mo@{n ZgÝXoh…. *ZZw Ed§ g{V dmŠòf w doXdV² {ZXw ©ï >Ëd§ ñ`mV² VWm g{VgmH$m¬m`wŠVmZmH$m¬m`wŠVm{X-{d^mJmo@{n Z ñ`mX²* B{V MoV², Z, ê$ng¥ï>m¡`mo½`md`d¡aod nXmW©{Z‘m©Uo àmMrZ{Z‘m©V¥ì`dhmañ od Zm‘g¥ï>m¡ dmŠ`mW© mo½`md`d¡aoddmŠ`{Z‘m©Uo@{n àmMrZdŠV¥ì`dhmañ` {Z`m‘H$ËdmV². VXZmXao KmoQ>H$e“{Z‘m©UdX²AZmH$m¬m{X-dmŠ`{Z‘m©Uo@{n Cnmbå^mV² M ì`dhmamWª Vñ` Amdí`H$ËdmV².AVEd AWm©{XY‘©ñ` `mo½`ËdmXo… VÌ Amamonmo dú`‘mUd¥{Îm oX… M wÁ`Vo.AÝ`Wm {dd{jVmW©-àVr{V~mYmnÎmo…. ZM à‘mUmà‘mU-{d^mJ^“mn{Îm…,

97 98

Vñ`m{n ì`dhmamW©‘² Amdí`H$ËdmV². AÝ`Wm VX² “mnÎmo…. dñVwVñVw gañdË`m…gd©Vmo‘wIËdmX² AW©ñ` ^JdÐÿnËdmX² dU©nXdmŠ`¡… gd£aod ^JdÝV§ dXVr{V^JdX²~moYH$ñ` H$ñ`m{n Z Aàm‘mÊ`‘².

1. Am{X… g§ñH$ma… B{V (A)

*ZZw VWm{n nwéfmUm§ ^«‘-à‘mX-{dà{bßgm-H$aUmnmQ>dm{X-XmofdÎdmV²VËgå~ÝYoZ bm¡{H$H$dmŠòfw Aàm‘mÊ`‘²* B{V MoV², Z, Vñ` Amamo{nVËdoZeãXmXyfH$ËdmV² ’$bm^mdo AdmXo A{VdmXo AÝ`WmdmXo M nwéfEd XmofmV². AVmoZ H$m{MX² AZwnn{Îm…. Vñ‘mV² {Z~m©Y§ {ZË`Ëd‘² AZÝVê$nËd§ M. {H$ÄM doXoVwAd`d^yVmZm§ dmMH$Ëd‘{n, nañnam{damoYoZ gd}fm§ ^JdXW©H$ËdmV².nm.ô.54

ZMnm. o.55 *emãX~moYo VXZwn`moJmV² VWm Aä wnJ‘ñ` d¡ Ï ª* eL²H$ç‘², AÑï>mWªVWm A“rH$mamV². ZM *à‘mUm^md…* eL²H$çmo, ""doXmjam{U `mdpÝV n{R>Vm{Z{ÛOm{V{^… VmdpÝV h[aZm‘m{Z H$s{V©Vm{Z Z g§e`…'' ( ) B{V dmŠòAW©dmXËd{Zamgnyd©H§$ ^JdÝZm‘ËdH$WZmV², ñ‘¥VoíM AmßVdmŠ`ËdmV². *ZZwAZoZ dUm©Zm§ Z AW©dÎd{g{Õ…, dmŠ o "Aja'nXmV², "dUm©ja'-nX`mo… Mn`m© Vm{dahmV². """K¥{U…'B{V Ûo Ajao "gy ©…' B{V Ìr{U'' (Z¥.ny.Vm.Cn.4&2)""Aï>mjam{Q>.1 Jm`Ìr'' (eV.~«m÷.2&1&5&17) BË`m{XlwVm¡ "AO²'-"Pb²'g‘wXmÈd AjaËdàVrË`m VWm{ZU©`mV² g‘wXm`ñ` M nXËdmX²* B{VMoV², Z, """Am{XË`'B{V Ìr{U'' (Z¥.ny.Vm.Cn.4&2) """Amlmd`' B{V MVwaja‘²"AñVw lmofS²>' B{V MVwaja‘²''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.1&6&11&1) """›'B{V EH$mja§~«÷'' (Zmam.AWd©.Cn.3) ""AjamUm‘H$mamo@pñ‘'' (^J.JrVm.10&33)BË`m{Xlw{Vñ‘¥{Vfw Ho$dbm"@'H$mamXm¡, "" oZmjag‘måZm`‘²'' (Aï>mÜ`m.‘“bm.)BË`mXm¡ Ho$dbì`ÄOZofw M, "Aja'nXà`moJoU ""Aï>m¡ ñWmZm{Z dUm©Zm‘² Ca…H$ÊR>… {eañVWm'' (nm{U.{ejm.13) ""ñdaV… H$mbV… ñWmZmV² à`ËZmZwàXmZV…,B{V dU©{dX… àmhþ…'' (nm{U.{ejm.10) BË`mXm¡ Ho$dbofw "dU©'nXà`moJoU ""nyd©gyÌodU©ñ` "Aja‘²' B{V g§km {H«$`Vo'' (nmV.‘.^m.1&1&2&Am.P^Äm²&8) B{V’${U^mî oU ""dU©ÝVw Mmjao'' (A‘.H$mo.3&3&48) B{V H$moeoZ M "dUm©'-"@ja'-nX`mo… n`m© Vm{ZíM`mV². ZM *"gwn²'ldUàg"…* eL²H$Zr`…, ""gwnm§gwbwJ²...'' (nm{U.gy.7&1&39) B{V bwJmXoeo CËnÎmmd{n AldU{gÕo….

dñVwVñVw """›' BË oVX² Aja{‘X§ gdª Vñ`monì`m»`mZ‘²'' (‘mÊSw>.Cn.1)

1. nmXm{^àm oU (H$).BË`m{XlwVo… ""AH$mamo d¡ gdm© dmJ²'' (EoV.Cn.3&6&7) BË`m{X lwVo… M

gd©ñ` dmL² >‘mÌñ` ›H$mam{X{dH¥${VËdmV² bm ¡{H$H$d¡{XH$dU©nX`m o…^JdÛmMH$Ëd‘od, ~rOñ` VWmËdmX²•AVEd gd} gÎmmWm©…nm.ô.56 B{Vd ¡`mH$aU{gÕmÝVm o•^JdV… gXmË‘H$ËdmV ². ZM Ed § emãX~m oY-Xm ¡K ©Q ² >çm{XX yfUmn{Îm…, ì`dhmamW ©H$-epŠVgL²H$m oMmX ² dU©nX`m o …dmMH$epŠVH$m¡ÊR>çoZ à{V{Z`V-VÎmXW©-~moYZoZo M Xmofm^mdmV². ZM AÌ‘mZm^md… ""gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË` Yramo Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm{^dXZ² `XmñVo''({MË wn.12&7) B{V, ""doXoZ Zm‘ê$nm{U {df‘m{U g‘oîd{n, YmVwfyÕd H$ëß`ÝVoEVofm§ ñdmW©{gÕ o'' (^mJ.nwam.11&21&6) B{V lw{Vñ‘¥Ë`mo… H$aUH$ënZH$WZoZVWm {ZíM`mV². `ÌM ì`dhmañ` Z {Z`m‘H$Ëd§ VÌVw dmMH$Ëd‘od, lwVm¡`mo{J`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ M àUd‘mÌmW©-H$WZXe©ZoZ VWm {ZíM`mV².

bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$-dU©nX-{d^mJ… : *ZZw A~m{YVàË`{^k`m dU©nX`mo… EoŠ`{ZíM`mX² A § bm¡{H$H$d¡{XH$-

{d^mJmo AZwnnÝZ…. ZM *N>mÝXgà{H«$`m`m§ {Z`Vñda-dUm©- J‘-Vëbmon-{dH$aU-ì`Ë``m{X-Xe©ZmV²* VX² oX{g{Õ…, AW© oXm^mdo ""VXod BX§ "Jmo'nX‘²''BË`m{XàË`{^k`m nX oXm^mdo M {gÕo Vofm§ VXgmYH$ËdmX², dmŠ`m{YH$aU-dm{V©H$moŠV-hoVyZm‘² AW© oXEd nX oXH$ËdmonJ‘mV².

ZM *"ñdé'-"` ynm{X'-eãXmZm § bm oH o $ Aà`m oJmX ², "Aíd'-"dmbm'{X({Zé.Z¡K.2&7&28,11&3&31)eãXmZm‘² AW©ôXñ`m{n ñnï>ËdmV²,""CÎmmZm d¡ XodJdm dhpÝV''nm.ô.57 (Amn.lm¡.gy.11&7&6•Ðï>.em~.^m.1&3&9&30){Q>.1 ""{haÊ`nUª à{XdñVo AW©‘²'' (Ðï>.em~.^m.1&3&9&30) BË`mXm¡

1.ZM *bm¡{H$H$Jdrfw A{dÚ‘mZñ` CÎmmZdhZñ` XodJdrfw à{VnmXZ‘mÌoUH$W§ dmÀ` oX… VWm g{V ñWybËdm{XY‘© oXo@{n dmÀ` oXmnÎmo…* B{V dmÀ §, o

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CÎmmZm… dhpÝV Vo XodmZm§ "Jmo'eãXdmÀ`m… BË od§ bmoH${dbjUdñËdÝVañ ¡dAZoZ "Jm o'eãXdmÀ`Ëdà{VnmXZoZ dmÀ`ôXmdí`å^mdmX² B{V ^md…(em.Xr.‘ y.‘m{b.1&3&10&30) (í`m).

AW ©ñdê$nñ`m{n AÝ`{dYËdmV ² gm o@ {n ApñV* B{V dmÀ` §,VmdVm{nHo$fmpÄMXod oX{gÕo…, gd}fm§ oXñ` Aà‘mUH$ËdmX², "CÎmmZm'{XdMZñÀÝ`naËdoZ AW©^ oXmZmnmXH$ËdmX ², AÝ`Wm VX wnm`m^mdmV ² V oä`m oAWm©ZdJ‘àg“mV². AVEd ^Å>nmX¡… bmoH$doXm{YH$aUo (em~.^m.1&3&10&30)""bmoH$mdJVgm‘Ï ©… eãXmo doXo@{n ~moYH$…'' (Ðï>.O¡.Ý`m.‘m.{d.1&1&2) BË`m{XZmbmoH$doXñW-eãX`mo… A oXEd à{Vnm{XV… B{V* MoV²,

Z, bmoH$doXm{YH$aUñ` H$pënVËdoZ Aàm‘m{UH$ËdmV² O¡{‘{ZZm AZwŠVËdoZVWmdgm`mV², AmH¥$Ë`{YH$aUñ ¡d VÌ Xe©ZmV².

ZM *d¡{XH$nXmZm‘² AÝ`Ëdo VXW©ñ`m{n AÝ`ñ` dŠVì`ËdmV², Vofm§gå~ÝYJ«hUmonm`m^mdoZ* AmH¥$Ë`{YH$aUmZmaå^àg“…, Cnm`ñ` dú`‘mUËdmV²,ñd‘VoZm{n nXnXmW©gå~ÝY{ZË`Ëdm` Vñ` Amdí`H$ËdmV², ""CÎmmZm{X''dmŠ`ñÀÝ`naËdo@{n bmoH$mZ{YJVmW©-~moYH$ËdoZ ñdmW} à‘mÊ`mZnm`mX² AÝ`WmàVmaH$dmŠ`dX² Aàm‘mÊ`àg“mV², Ho$fmpÄMX² oXo Aä wnJVo VXW©ñ od BVaofm‘{nAW©ñ` gwIoZ¡d ~moÕþ§ eŠ`ËdmV², "{ZZmX'-"{ZZX'-"Üd{Z'-"ÜdmZ'-"Hw$VwH$'-"H$m¡VwH$nm. o.58'-"Xd'-"Xmdm'{X (A‘.H$mo.1&6&22,1&7&31,3&3&206)eãXofwAW© oXm^mdo@{n nX oXñ` H$moeo A“rH$maoU VWm CnJ‘ñ` Aà`moOH$ËdmV²,àË`{^km`m… dñËd¡Š`{df`ËdoZ ê$n oXm~mYH$ËdmV², nmVÄOb‘hm^mî o@{n ""AWeãXmZwemgZ‘². Ho$fm§ eãXmZm§? bm¡{H$H$mZm§ d¡{XH$mZm§ M'' (nmV.‘.^m.1&1&1)B{V oX‘² CnÝ`ñ` "Jm¡…'-"Aíd…' "nwéfmo'-"hñVr'-B{V bm¡{H$H$mZm§ ""eÝZmoXodra{^ï> o'' (AWd©.g§{h.1&6&1) ""Bfo Ëdm'' (V¡{Îm. g§{h.1&1&1) BË`mXrZm§d¡{XH$mZm§ M {^ÝZV`m CXmhaUmV², ""‘ ‹S²>d¡V`mo m©fm`m§'' (nm{U.gy.4&3&143)""ÛçMíN>ÝX{g'' (nm{U.g y.4&3&150) ""gd ©Ì {d^mfm Jm ¡ …''(nm{U.gy.6&1&122) BË`m{XgyÌofw nm{U{ZZm{n ê$n oXñ ¡d ~moYZmX² d¡{XH$m{ZVm{Z {^ÝZmÝ od B{V {ZíM`….

ZM *CXmÎmmXrZm§ Üd{ZY‘m©Um§ dU}fw Amamo{nVËdoZ AdmñVdËdmV², ZdUm©{XôXH$Ëd§ `wŠV‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, {dYmZd¡`Ï`m©nmVmX², Amamonñ`CÀMmaU{deofmXod {gÕo…. ZM *Ed‘{n H¥${Ì‘ËdmZnm`mX² AdmñVdËd‘od* B{VeL²H$ç§, {dYmZñ` ì wËn{Îm‘mÌmW©ËdoZ dmñVdËdmZnm`mX², ""Xwï>… eãX… ñdaVmodU©Vmo dm'' (Ðï>… nmV.‘.^m.1&1&1, nm{U.{e.52) BË`Ì nXEd ñdam“rH$mamV²M. ZM *""`kH$‘©ÊÒnÝ y§Igm‘gw'' (nm{U.gy.1&2&34) BË`mXm¡ EH$lwVoa{n{dYmZmV² Z Ed‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, {déÕY‘m©l`ËdoZ C^`Wm{n gÎdo dMZoZVWmnmR>{Z`‘ZmX² AXmofmV². ZM *""Ñï>§ gm‘'' (nm{U.gy.4&2&7) B{V A{YH¥$Ë`n{R>VmZm§ ""H$boT>©H²$''{Q>.1 (nm{U.gy.4&2&8) ""dm‘XodmS²>çS²>çm¡'' (nm{U.gy.4&2&9)BË`m{X gyÌmUm§ ""`X² AH$mb`V² VV² H$mbo ñ` H$mbo Ëd§'' (VmÊS²>ç.~«m÷.8&3&1)""dm‘§ dm BX§ Xodoä`mo AO{Z Vñ‘mX² dm‘Xoì`‘²'' ( ) BË`m{Xlw{V{damoYoZAàm‘mÊ`dX² Efm‘{n Aàm‘mÊ`‘²* B{V eL²H$ç‘²,AÌ doX{damoYmXe©ZmV², H$mbo -dm‘Xoì`-ñWbo@{n lw{V{ZéŠVmo `… H$mbZgmYH$Ëd-Xoddm‘Ëdê$nmonm. o.59 Y‘©…VËnwañga‘od gmåZ… H${bZm dm‘XodoZ M Ñï>Ëdñ` eŠ`dMZËdoZ lwVm¡àH¥$Ë`mÚ{ZX}eoZ M {damoYm^mdmV² M; Ed§ `Ì-VÌ {damoYm“rH$mao VñÀ“Ëd^“àg“mV² M B{V Z {H$pÄMX² EVX². AVmo bm¡{H$H$d¡{XH$ oXoZm{n wŠVEdnXdU©ñdê$n oX…. Ed§ d¡{XH$dmŠ`mÝ`{n {^ÝZm{Z ~moÜ`m{Z, AmZwnydu oXmV²,N>ÝX…emñÌo dmŠ`Y‘m ©Um § bm ¡ {H$H$d ¡{XH$ÀN>ÝXgm § n ¥WL² > {Zê$nUmX ²,AÜ`mnZmÜ``Zm{X-{Z`‘ oXmV², ""gd} doXm `ËnX‘m‘ZpÝV'' (H$R>mon.2&15),""doX¡íM gd£ah‘oddoÚ…'' (^J.JrVm.15& 15), ""‘m§ {dYÎmo@{^YÎmo ‘m‘²''(^mJ.nwam.11&21&43) BË`m{Xlw{Vñ‘¥{Vä`mo AW© oXmdgm`mV² M. *ZZw bm¡{H$H$-d¡{XH$-dU©-nX-dmŠ`mZm§ oXmo Z wŠV…, VWm g{V

1. ""H${bZm Ñï>‘²'' B{V AW} ""H$boT>©J²'' B{V "T>H²$'àË``‘² CËnmÚ"H$mbo 'eãXmo ì wËnm{XV…; VWm ""dm‘XodoZ Ñï>§ gm‘'' B{V AW} ""dm‘XodmS²>çS²>çm¡''B{V "dm‘Xod'eãXmX² "S²>ç'àË` § dm CËnmÚ "dm‘Xoì`'eãXmo ì wËnm{XV…. doXoVw""`X² AH$mb`V² VV² H$mbo ñ` H$mbo Ëd‘²'' B{V H$mbZ{H«$`m§ {Z{‘ÎmrH¥$Ë`"H$mbo 'eãXmo ì wËnm{XV…; VWm, ""Amnmo G$Ëdr`‘N>ªñVmgm§ dm w… n¥ð>o ì`dV©VVVmo dm‘§ dgw g‘^dV² VX² {‘ÌmdéUm¡ Aní`Vm§ Vmd~«yVm§ dm‘§ dm BX§ Xodä`mo@O{Z''B{V aOmoY‘© àmßVm{^… AX²{^… dm`mo… g“‘o g{V CÎm‘§ dgw YZ§ OmV§ VÀM

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XodVmgå~pÝY OmV§ VoZ BX§ dm‘Xodm» § gm‘ B{V "dm‘Xoì`'eãXmo ì wËnm{XV….(em.Xr.‘.‘m.1&3&9) (í`m).

VmÑemZwnydu-ñda-`moJoZ VËgÑedmŠ`m{XnmR> o eyÐmXo… nmnm^mdmX²AneyÐm{YH$aU{damoYmnÎmo…* B{V MoV², Z, eyÐmXrZm§ d¡{XH$gÑeñ`m{n dmŠ`mXo…doX~wÕçm nmR>o@{n Xmof… B{V A{^àm`H$ËdmX², CŠVhoVw{^… {gÕ oXñ` Anb{nVw‘²AeŠ`ËdmX², ì`mH$aUñ‘¥Vo… ""Vm‘² BÝÐmo ‘Ü`Vmo AdH«$å` ì`mH$amoX²''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&4&7)B{V lwË`m doX‘ybH$ËdmV², N>ÝX…emñÌñ`m{n VWmËdmV² M.Vñ‘mV² Z {ddmXboeB{V dUm©{XÌ o@{n fS²>Y‘©Ëd‘² AàË yh‘².

{ZpIb-doXdmŠ`mZm§ ^JdX²dmMH$Ëd‘² : *ZZw doXdmŠ`mZm§ ^JdÛmMH$Ëd§ Z wŠV§, ‘ÝÌmUm§ VÌ-VÌ {d{Z wŠVmZm§

VÎmËàH$meH$ËdmX², ~«m÷Uñ`m{n VÎmXm»`m{`H$m-nwamd¥Îm-VÎmËH$‘©-~moYH$ËdmX²,dmŠ`mZm§ g§gJ©Ed eº²$`wnJ‘mÀM VXZ“rH$mao `km{Xà{VamoYàg“mV², ""gd}doXm…'' (H$R>mon.2&15) BË`mXrZm§ VmËn ©d¥Ë`m{n CnnÎmo…* B{V MoV², Z, ""‘m§{dYÎmo@{^YÎmo ‘m§ {dH$ëß`mnmoh² Vo h² h§ EVmdmZ² gd©doXmW©… eãX AmñWm` ‘m§{^Xm ‘m`m‘mÌ‘ZyÚmÝVo à{V{fÜ` àgrX{V'' (^mJ.nwam.11&21&43) BË`Ì "‘m§{dYÎmo' BË`m{XZm {dYo`m{^Yo`-{dH$ëß`mnmohçmZm‘² AWm©Zm§ ñdËdH$WZoZVÎmÐÿnñ`¡d ñdñ` doXmW©Ëd~moYZmV², {eï>mZm§ ‘ÝÌm{XdoXmÝVofw gd}fw dmŠòfwnyU©Ëdì`dhmamX² JdV… VÎmÐÿnñ`m{n nyU©ËdmX², AVEd doXñ` gd©Ì dUm©{Xê$noUdmMH$ËdmV² ‘ÝÌmXrZm§ VÎmËàH$meH$Ëdo@{n ^JdÛmMH$Ëdñ` A~mYmV² VmdVm`km{X{Zdm©hoU XyfUmÝVam^mdmV² M; Ed‘², CÎmaH$mÊSo>@{n kmZeofmUm§ JdÎdmV²VpÝZê$nH$dmŠòîd{n Ðï>ì`‘². kmZH$‘©Umo… nañnamonH$maH$ËdoZ emñÌ¡Š`‘².fS“"{d{eï>ñ` nwéfñ` à{VemI§ {Zê$nUmÀM emImñd{n nyU©Ëd‘². ZM *`kmXo…bm¡{H$H${H«$`mË‘H$ËdmX² Anydm©Ë‘H$ñ` OÝ`ËdmV² M Z ~«÷Ëd‘²* B{V eL²H$Zr §,bm¡{H$H${H«$`m`m… VX{^ì`ÄOH$ËdoZ VÌ `km{Xì`dhmamV². AVmo doXñ` gd©Ì^JdÛmMH$Ëdo Z H$m{n AZwnn{Îm….

Ed§ ""nwamU§ öX § ñ‘¥V‘²'' ( ) B{V doXöX`ËdmX² ""B{Vhmgnwam- Umä`m§doX§ g‘wn~¥§h oX²'' (~«÷m.nwam.1&1&171) B{V doXmW©{ZíMm`H$ËdmV² M doXdXod{ZË`mo ^JdmZod dmŠ`mW©B{V VÌm{n nydm}ŠV¡d ì`dñWm. V{XVaÌVw dmŠ`mW©ñ`~w{ÕH$pënVËdmV² Z VÐÿnËd‘².

AVmo ì`mH$aU-d¡`mgXe©Z-^JdÝ‘V-arË`m ~«÷dmX‘² AZwg¥ËèãXm{Xñdê$n{dMmao, eãXñ` {ZË`-gå~ÝYmo dñVwVmo JdÐÿnoU¡d AW}Z, ì`dhmaoVwnXmZm§ àdmhê$noU {ZË`mo, dmŠ`mZmÝVw j~{b{Q>.1Ý`m oZ H$mën{ZH$… B{V {gÕ‘².

d¡{XH$nXnXmW©`mo… gå~ÝYJ«hmonm`… :

AW {Q>.2 àg“mX² BX§ {dMm ©Vo : d¡{XH$nXnXmWm©Zm§ {^ÝZËdmV² H$W§ VÌgå~ÝYJ«h…, H$ñ` dm gå~ÝYñ` J«h…? B{V, bmoHo$M H$W‘²? B{V.

VÌ ""^JdÔ``m d¥Õì`dhmam{XZm'' B{V ~«y‘…. H$W‘²? B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo""`mo ~«÷mU§ {dXYm{V nydª `mo d¡ doXm §íM à{hUmo{V Vñ‘¡ V§d¡(h)Xod‘mË‘~w{ÕàH$me‘²'' (ídoVm.Cn.6&18) B{V lwVm¡ ~«÷Uo doXnmR>ZñÀmË‘~w{ÕàH$meZñ` M CŠVo…, nwéfgyŠVo M ""nwéfEdoX§ gdª `X² yV§ `ÀM^ì`‘²'' (nw.gy.2=F$Šg§{h.10&90&2) BË`m{XZm yVm{Xê$noU ì`d{†`‘mUñ`m{nnwéfmË‘H$ËdoZ {ZË`Ëd‘² CŠËdm VV… ""Vñ‘mX² {damS²> AOm`V'' (nw.gy.5)BË`m{XZm gd©nXmWm©Zm‘² G$JmXrZm§ ‘ÝÌmUmÄM CËn{Îm‘² CŠËdm ""VoZ XodmAÒÝV'' (nw.gy.8) ""gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË` Yra… Zm‘m{Z H¥$Ëdm{^dXZ²`XmñVo'' (nw.gy.16) ""Vm{Z Y‘m©{U àW‘m{Z'' (nw.gy.18) B{V M CŠVo…,lr^mJdVoM ""Ed§ nwam YmaU`mË‘`mo{ZZ©ï>m§ ñ‘¥qV àË`déÜ` Vwï>mV² VWmggO}X‘‘moKÑ{ï>a² `Wmß``mV² àmJ² ì`dgm`~w{Õ…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&2&1) B{VH$WZmV² M, ^JdmZ² nmR>`Z² ~«÷~wqÕ àH$me`{V, wJnV² g¥ï>m¡ M gd}fm§ ~w{Õ‘².VXm ~«÷m dm Vo dm `mJo àdV©ÝVo. `mJgå^mamíM nwéfmd`dmË‘H$mEdo{V

103 104

1. ""`mÑemo `jmo ^d{V VmÑemo ~{b… Vñ‘¡ àXmVì`…'' B{V Ý`m`…Ð.^wd.bm¡{H$.Ý`m.gmh.146#B(í`m)#A. 2. eãXàm‘mÊ`-n[aH$ar^yV-eãXmW©gå~ÝY-ñdê$nm{X-{d- MmamoÎma‘² B{V AW©…#B(A)#A.

àW‘§ Voîdod Vofm§ gå~ÝY`mo… J«h…, VËg‘mZZm‘ê$nËdoZ bm¡{H$Ho$fw MEH$ñ` g…. VVmo d¥Õì`dhmaoU B©ída-àH$m{eV-~wÕrZm§ ~mbmZm‘{nAXya{dàH$fm©V² VW¡d AdJ‘….

{dpÀN>ÝZnaånamUmÝVw d¡{XH$nXmW©ñ` AVrpÝÐ`ËdmV² bmoHo$ nydª VVmodmMH$gmÑíòZ ^JdXZwJ¥hrV-nydm©Mm`©J«ÝWm{XZmM bm¡{H$H$g‘mZmH$maËdoZAdJ‘…, VÌm{n Aml`ml{`^mdñ` AË`ÝV§ nmamoú oU AVrpÝÐ ofw ñdJ©-‘oé-gwnU©-à^¥{Vfw, nm.ô.60 gmåàV‘² Aà{gÕofw qghea^m{Xfw{Q>.1 M `Wm ^d{VVÛV². ofm§ nwZ… AË`ÝVnaånam{dÀN>oX… Vofm‘{n ^JdËH¥$n`m gwIoZ AdJ‘…,H$ë`ÝVo H$ëŠ`“amJ-gm¡a^gZmW-ndZg§gJ}U Y‘©ñ od. ofm§ nwZ… Z gm VofmÝVwCnm`m^mdmV² VX^mdEd; àË wV, JwUjmo H¥$V-ñd^mdd¡{MË`mX², {dnarVkmZ‘{n.ZM BX‘² Aà`moOH$‘², A{dpÀN>ÝZnaånamUm‘{n VWmldUmX², Wm ""Ef AmË‘m''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.8&7&4) B{V ~«÷dmŠ oZ {damoMZñ` Xoho "AmË‘'-nXepŠVJ«h…,EH$mXeñH$ÝYo M ""dXpÝV H¥$îU lo m§{g ~hÿ{Z ~«÷dm{XZ… Vofm§ {dH$ënàmYmÝ`‘²CVmhmo EH$‘w»`Vm'' (^mJ.nwam.11&14&1)B{V àíZo ^JdVm CŠV§:-

""H$mboZ Zï>m àbò dmUr`§ doXg§{kVm&‘`mXm¡ ~«÷UoàmoŠVm Y‘m} `ñ`m§ ‘XmË‘H$…&&

VoZ àmoŠVm M nwÌm` ‘Zdo nyd©Om` gm&VVmo ¥½dmX`mo@J¥†Z²gßV ~«÷‘hf© …&&

Voä`… {nV¥ä`ñVËnwÌm XodXmZdJwh ²`H$m…&‘Zwî`m…{gÕJÝYdm©… g{dÚmYaMmaUm…&&

{H$ÝXodm… {H$ÝZam ZmJm aj…{H$ånwéfmX`…&~ôì`ñVofm§àH¥$V`mo aO…gÎdV‘mo wd…&&

`m{^ y©Vm{Z {^ÚÝVo yVmZm§ ‘V`ñVWm&`WmàH¥${V gd}fm§{MÌm dmM…òdpÝV{h&&

Ed§ àH¥${Vd¡{MÍ`mX² {^ÚÝVo ‘V`mo Z¥Um‘²&nmaån`}UHo$fmpíMV² nmfÊS>‘V`mo@nao&&

‘Ý‘m`m‘mo{hV{Y`… nwéfm… nwéff© &lo mo dXÝË`Z¡H$mÝË`mX²`WmH$‘© `Wmé{M&&''

(^mJ.nwam.11&14&3-9) B{V.

AVmo {d{Y~bmX² AÜ`mnZo AÜ``Zo@{n MoX² Edå^md…, VXm

1. ""Aï>nmX² D$Üd©Z`Z… D$Üd©nmXMVwï>`…'' B{V bjUH$mo ‘¥JOmVr`…new{deof… qgh‘wImH¥${V‘mZ² ea^…, qghea^… ñ`mV² (í`m).

BXmZrÝVZmZm§ VX^mdo H$… gÝXoh… B{V Z VoZ Añ‘mH§$ H$mMZ hm{Z….

`mVw àmW{‘H$epŠVJ«ho naofm§ àUmS>r : *""KQ>‘² AmZ`'' B{V à`moOH$d¥ÕoZCŠV… à`moÁ`d¥Õ…, VXW©‘² AdJË` KQ>‘² AmZ`{V, VV² ní`Z² ~mb…, V`m{H«$``m Vñ` à`ËZ§, VoZ BÀN>m§, V`mM V{Ûf`H§$ kmZ§, ñdÑï>mÝVoZ AZw{‘Zmo{V,VV… VÌ hoËdmH$m¬m`m‘² CnpñWVËdmV² eãX‘od H$maUËdoZ H$ën`{V, VVmo"KQ>m'{XnXmZm§ àËòH$‘² AmdmnmoÛmnmä`m§"""KQ>'nX§ KQ>YrOZH$‘²'' BË`m{XH$ën`{V, Šb¥ßVo M Vpñ‘Z² A{Vàg“^“m` VÁOZZmZwHy$b§ epŠVê$n§ gå~ÝY§H$ën`{V. VXwÎmaÄM Šd{MX² ì`dhmamV² Šd{MX² Cn‘mZmV² Šd{MV² eãXmX²ì`mH$aUm{Xê$nmX² ^d{V* B{V, gmVw Z Añ‘mH§$ amoMVo, àË`j{damoYmV². VWm{h: `… EVmdËH$ënH$… g Z A{V~mb… {H$ÝVw àJëÊd dmÀ`…. VWm g{Vd¥ÎmmÝVmÝVa{‘d BX‘{n ñdd¥ÎmmÝV§ ñ‘aoV². AW A{V~mb…, VXmVw VmdV²àUmS>rkmZm{XH$‘od Vñ` Xwb© {‘{V XyamnmñV§ H$ënH$Ëd§ ì`mpßVkmZm{Xd¡Yw m©V²M.

{H$ÄM, Vñ` `X² kmZ§ VV² {H$‘² Cnojm~w{Õê$n§ J«mhH$~w{Õê$n§ dm? ZAmÚ§, VWmg{V AJ«o epŠV§ Z ñ‘aoV² g§ñH$mamZwX`mX², CnojmÝ`-g§e`mÝ`-kmZñ ¡d g§ñH$maOZH$ËdmV². {ÛVr § MoV², V{h© àUmS>r‘{n ñ‘aoV².

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{H$ÄM gm{Xg¥{ï>dmXo àmW{‘H$mo ~mb… MVw‘w©IEd dmÀ`…, VXwn{ejUm`MB©ídaoU ê$nÛ §{Q>.1 {dYr`Vo BË`{n dmÀ §, VX{n Z C{MV§, VWm g{V ZmZmlw{VnwamUofwZmZmd¥ÎmmÝVdX² BX‘{n Šd{MX² Cnbä oV. Vñ‘mV² Z BX§ gmYr` B{V.

eãXmZm‘² AW©àË`m`H$Ëdo epŠVbjUm{Xd¥{Îm{dMma… : AW BX§ {Q>.2 {dMm ©Vo : eãXmW© mo… àË`mæ`àË`m`H$^md… gå~ÝY…

1. à`moOH$d¥Õ-à`moÁ`d¥Õê$n‘² (í`m). 2. gå~ÝYñdê$n{dMmaoU {ZË`Ëd‘²(J).

' (nw.gy.8) _

nyd©‘² CŠV… VÌ àË`mæ`Ëd‘² AW©JV§ àË`m`H$Ëd§(M) eãXJV§à{VnmXH$Ëdmna`m© ‘², VÀM (H$)epŠV-bjUm-Jm¡Ur-gL²Ho$V-(I)epŠV «‘m-Ý`VaoU àH$maoU ~moYH$Ëd‘². Vñ` {ZË`ËdÝVw Z eŠ`dMZ§, VWm g{VVÀN>araà{dï>-àH$maUm‘{n {ZË`ËdmnË`m epŠV-bjUm{X-H¥$V-Jm¡U-‘w»`Ëd-{d^mJ-d¡ Ï`m©nÎmo…. ZM *eŠË`m ~moYH$Ëd‘od àË`m`H$Ëd‘²*

B{V dmÀ`§, àH$mamÝVaoU ~moYHo$ eãXo àË`m`H$Ëd-ì`dhma-~mYmnÎmo…eŠË`dÀN>oXH$m{Zdm©À`VmnÎmo… M. VWm{h : Z VmdV² "lmoÌJ«mh²`Ëd§'eŠË`dÀN>oXH§$, Vñ` ÜdZmd{n Vm¡ë`mV² VÌm{n eŠË`mnÎmo…. Zm{n ""VWmËdog{V àË`m`H$Ëd§'', {d^mJd¡ Ï`m©nÎmo…, An «§eoîd{n eŠË`mnÎ`m AZoH$-epŠV-H$ënZmàg“mV² M. Zm{n "gmYwËd§' VWm, Vñ ¡d A{Zdm©À`ËdmV². Z VmdX²"dmMH$Ëd§' VX², Jmì`mÚn «§egmYmaÊ`mX², AW©àË``à`moJmä`m§ VÌm{n VXdJ‘mV².ZM *Vofm§ bmj{UH$Ëd‘²* B{V wŠV§, Vofm§ Šdm{n eŠË`^mdo VÌ bjUm`mA{nAeŠ`dMZËdmV², Zm{n AÑï>gmYZËd§ VV², Vñ` àË`jmÚ{df`ËdoZ à`moJ-{Z`m‘H$-{dÜ`ZwnbåôZ M VWmËdñ` {ZíMoVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². Zm{nAZm{XdmMH$Ëd§ VV², ‘r‘m§gH$m{X‘Vo gå~ÝYw… Añ‘aUñ`, Z¡`m{`H$m{X‘VoB©ídagL²Ho$Vñ` An «§eoîd{n Vm¡ë`mV², eãXmneãX-{d^mJ-^“mnÎmo…; AV…,eŠË`dÀN>oXH$ñ` A{Zdm©À`ËdmX², B©ídagL²Ho$Vm{V[aŠVeŠË`^mdoZ VXwnJ‘ñ`Jm¡adJ«ñVËdmV² M.

H$W§ gå~ÝYñ` {ZË`Ëd‘² BË`Ì CÀ`Vo, Z VmdV² eŠË`dÀN>oXH$m{Zdm©À`Ëd§òZ gå~ÝY{ZË`Vm hÝòV, AZmXo… eãXñdê$nñ`¡d VXdÀN>oXH$ËdmV². ZMAn «§eofw VXmn{Îm…, Vofm§ Xoe{Z`VËdoZ XoemZm§ y{‘{d^mJmoÎma^m{dËdoZ y‘oíMOÝ`ËdoZ Vofm‘{n Adm©MrZËdmV², àb`Xem`m§ doXdV² VËgÎmm~moYH$-à‘mUm^mdmV².ZM VV… nXmW©~moYmZwnn{Îm…, AmÚmZm‘² "BÝÐm'{XeãXoZ BÝYmXo[ad{Q>.1VÀN>ŠVo…dmMH$epŠVOÝ`V`m VoZ

1. ""BÝYo yVm{Z B{V dm. VÚXoZ§ àmU¡… g‘¡ÝYZ² VX² BÝÐñ` BÝÐËd‘² B{V{dkm`Vo'' ({Zé.X¡d.H$m.10&1&10) BpÝÐ oU EoÝÜ` Vñ‘mX² BÝY…. BÝYmo hd¡V‘² "BÝÐ…' B{V AmMjVo'' (eV.~«m÷.6&1&1&2) (í`m).

VÝ‘ybeãXmonñWmnZmX². Adm©MrZmZmÝVw naåna`m VÌ¡d gL²Ho$VJ«hmÚwnnÎmo….AVEd à`moJàË```mo… dmMH$Ëdm{Z`m‘H$V`m VX{gÕo… Z VÌ gmYwËd‘².dmMH$ËdÄM AW©àVr{VOZZmZwHy$bmZm{X-epŠV‘Îd§ ~moÜ`‘². EdÄM eŠË`m~moYH$Ëdñ` Am¡Ën{ÎmH$ËdoZ A{^àoVËdmV² Z Vñ` {ZË`Ëdo {H$‘{n ~mYH$‘².

*epŠVñVw AW©gmnoj§ eãXñdê$n‘od dmMH$ËdmnaZm‘H§$ H$maUËdm{XdX²*

B{V d¡ mH$aUm….

dñVwVñVw gmYwËdmnan`m© m AZm{X-dmMH$Ëd-ê$nm AW©~moYm{d^m©dH$epŠV…A{V[aŠV¡d. ZM *A{V[aŠVepŠVH$ënZo Jm¡ad§ eL²H$ç‘², Am{d^m©dH$eŠVo…nydª gm{YVËdoZ Vñ`mEd AW©~moYmWª eãXo@{n gÎdoZ A{VaoH$m^mdmV²,VXmYmaËdñ`M ~moYê$nH$m`m©Xod {gÕËdmV². ZVw B©ídaoÀN>mê$n… gL²Ho$V…,eãXmd¥{ÎmËdmV². eãX{Zð>-emãX~moYmZwHy$b-nXnXmW©gå~ÝYñ` d¥{ÎmËdoZBÀN>m`míM d¡ {YH$aÊ`mV², VX²ì`mß`Ëdm^mdoZ V{ÛeofËdm^mdmnÎmo… M. {H$ÄMnaoÀN>m`m… naoU kmVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmX², B©ídaoÀN>m`m… gwVam§ VWmËdmV², VÁkmnH$moì`dhmaàdV©H$mo A{^bmn{Z`‘… gd©Wm A“rH$m ©…. VWm g{V gEd gL²Ho$VmoAñVw Z BÀN>m. gmo@{n nydm}ŠVlwË`m{XZm kmß`VB{V g§ñH¥$VeãXofw gL²H$mo{MH¡$dgm lwË`ZwamoYmV². AV… ""EVÔoeH$mb{d oXoZ Añ‘m{^… CÀMm ©‘mUmo A § eãX…

107 108

B‘‘od AW© ~moY`Vw ZVw AÝ`‘²'' B{V B©ídaH¥$V{Z`‘ê$n… epŠVgL²H$moMEd"gL²Ho$V'nXoZ CÀ`Vo. bmoHo$ ì`dhmamWª g§ñH¥$Vo ì`mH$aUmXrZm§ VX²ì`dñWmnH$Ëd‘².`Ì nwZ… ì`mH$aUm{X{^… Z ì`dñWm VÌ nydm}ÎmaVÝÌñW¡… Ý`m`¡…. Ed§ g{V""bmoH$Vmo AW©à wŠVo eãXà`moJo emñÌoU Y‘©{Z`‘…'' (nmV.‘.^m.nñnempÝhHo$)B{Vì`mH$aUñ‘¥Ë`m AZw‘mVì o à`moJ{Z`‘{dYm¡ à{VnXdmŠ`H$ënZm`m… JwéËdmV²""gweãX‘od à wÄOrV Z AneãX‘²'' B{V Ed§ {Z`‘mo AZw‘r`Vo. VoZ n`m© ñWboà`m oJm{Z`‘m o `Ú{n Z Xwï>… VWm{n ""AÝ`m`íM AZoH$eãXËd‘²''(O ¡ {‘.g y .1&3&9&26) B{V O ¡ {‘{Zñ‘ ¥Ë`m EH$ñ` AW©ñÈH$eãXdmÀ`Ëd{Z`‘mdYmaUmV², n`m©`mUm‘{n Y‘©{deofn`© dgmZ§ Á`m`…,{dH$ënì`dñWm{gÕçm fS²>Xmofmàg“mV². AÝ`Wm AîQ>XmofmnÎmo…. AVEd "KQ>-H$be'eãX`mo… gË`{n n`m© Ëdo ‘m"ë ofw "H$be'nX‘od à wÄOVo "H$beñWmnZ‘²'B{V, A‘m"ë o M "KQ>'-eãX§ "KQ>ñ’$moQ>…' B{V. H$ahñVm{XfwVw AÝ`mæ`m{nAZoH$eãXVm Am`©à`moJgmYmaÊ`-Xe©ZoZ JË`ÝVam^mdmX² A“r{H«$`Vo. Ed‘²AZoH$mW©à`moJñWbo@{n ~moÜ`‘², AZoHo$fw AW}fw H$ñ`m{n Jm nXmV² Vrañ odAWm©ÝVaàVr{Vnyd©H$-àVr{VH$ËdmXe©ZmV². gdm©gm‘² AmH¥$VrZm§ Vwë`V`m EH$ÌEH$ñ`, BVam^mdoZ, gÎdm^mdmX², AmH¥$Ë`{YH$aUÝ`m oZ Amjonbä`Ëdmgå^dmV²,gd ©àdmhVm ¡ë` oZ g‘mZ-Zm‘-ê$n-g yÌñ`m{n V y îUrH$ËdmV ² M,Am ©à`moJgmYmaÊ`mX², {deofbm o JwUñ` CŠVËdmV² M B{V.

{dH$ënXmofmUmÝVw A § g§J«h… :-

`Xm dmŠ`Û`mV² H$ënmo {dH$ënmo h² ì`dpñWV…&VX¡H$mXaUo@Ý`ñ` àm‘mÊ`Ë`mJ AmnVoV²&&Aàm‘mÊ`moaarH$maíM¡d§ Ûm¡ VX²{^ oVaV²&AmÑV§ MoV² VXm Ë`ŠVàm‘mÊ`ñ` n[aJ«h…&&ñdrH¥$Vm@‘mZVmË`mJ… Vpñ‘Z² nyd©Ì Mmo `‘²&nydm}ŠV{‘{V MËdma… VX²{^`m nyd©AmÑVo&&XmofÛ § {ÛVr`moŠV‘² Ed§ Xmofmï>H§$ ^doV²&dmaÌ`à`moJoUoË odÝVw ‘‘ ^mgVo&&

MVwWm©{Xà`moJoVw Vo VVmo ZmoX² d… nwZ…&BË od‘dñWm`m§ {dH$ënñ` ì`dpñWVm¡&&EH$dmŠ o ^doX² XmofÛ § VoZm`‘wÎm‘…&~moÜ`… gwYr{^… nyd©ñ‘m{X{V emñÌ{d{ZíM`…&&

AÌ CXmhaU§ d«r{h`demñÌo VX² `Wm :

(1)d«r{hdmŠ`mWm}nmXmZo : ddmŠ`àm‘mÊ`Ë`mJmà‘m- Ê`mamonm¡. (2)`ddmŠ`mWm}nmXmZo : d«r{hdmŠ`ñ` ñdrH¥$Vàm‘mÊ`- Ë`mJ-

Ë`ŠVmàm‘mÊ`mamonm¡. `ddmŠ`ñ` d«r{hdmŠ`mW©- J«hUXem`m§ :Ë`ŠVàm‘mÊ`mamonmamo{nVmà‘mÊ`Ë`mJm¡, BË od§ MËdma….

(3)ì`dñWm^mdmV², nwZ…, d«r{hdmŠ`mWm}nmXmZo d«r{hdm- Š`ñ``ddmŠ`mW©J«hU-Xem`m§ : Ë`ŠVmamonmamo{nV- Ë`mJm¡.

BË od§ n`m© Ì oU dmŠ`Û o àË oH§$ MËdmaB{V Aï>m¡.

gmåàXm{`H$‘r‘m§gH$mñVw *d«r{hdmŠ`mWm}nmXmZo `ddmŠ`àm‘mÊ`Ë`mJmàm‘mÊ`mamonm¡ d«r{hdmŠ`àm‘mÊ`moÁOrdZm-@@amo{nVmàm‘mÊ`Ë`mJm¡ B{VMËdma…. Ed§ `ddmŠ`mWm}nmXmZo emñÌÛ`{dn`m©goZ MËdmaB{V n`m© Û oZ Aï>m¡*

B{V Amhþ.

VV² Z Añ‘mH§$ amoMVo, àW‘§ Ë`mJñdrH$ma`mo… A^mdoZ CÁOrdZm-amon`mo…dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmX², Aàm‘mÊ`ñ` AÌ ’$bH¥$VËdoZ à`moJXem`m‘od VpÝZÕm©aoUm{nnydª VXZdJ‘mV² Mo{V. VÎdÝVwnm. o.61 Ë`ŠVàm‘mÊ`moÁOrdZñ` ñWyUmIZZVwë`V`mAmamo{nVmàm‘mÊ`Ë`mJñ` M AmpñVŠ`gånmXH$V`m JwUËdoZ V`mo… XmofËd§ ZwŠV‘². `{XM EV`mo… emñÌVmËn ©JmoMaV`m AH$mën{ZH$Ëd§ {d^mì`Vo VXmVw

Ap½Zï>m o‘r`newqhgmdXod AXmofËd‘², EV`mo… XmofËdoZ emñÌJmoMaV`mAdmM{ZH$ËdmX² BË`V… MËdmaEd Aì`dpñWVo@{n Xmofm…. Vo@{n AZwð>mnH$Ed

109 110

dmŠò ZVwnm.ô.62 ~m oYHo $@{n AmH$m¬m{X‘X²dmŠ`ldUo emãX~m oYñÀZw dgm{jH$ËdmX² B{V.

àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘… : ^mfm`mÝVw Anyd©ñ` gL²Ho$Vñ` à`mo{OH$m(...)VX²ì`dñWmnH$Ëd§ M VÎmÔoer`moÀMmaUñ`. AVmo Adm©MrZmZm§ ^mfmeãX¡a{nVoZ¡d ~moYmo ZVw epŠV «‘oU. AVEd eŠVnXm{Xd Voä`mo@{n VÎmÔoí`mZm§ VofwJ¥hrVgL²Ho$VmZm‘² AÝ`Xoí`mZm§ M nXmWm}npñW{V… wÁ`Vo. ZM *VÌ epŠV «‘mV²nXmWm}npñWË`m{XH$‘²* B{V wŠV§, «‘Ëd{d{ZJ‘H$ñ` A^mdmV². n`m© eãXopîddVoîd{n nydm}ŠVarË`m gL²Ho$Vñ` {gÕm¡ VX²J«hñ` à‘mËdgå^do «‘ËdH$ënZm`m…AÝ`mæ`ËdmX², AJ«o ~mYm^mdmV² M. ZM VÌ bjUm, Vofm§ Hw$Ìm{n eŠË`^mdoeŠ`gå~ÝYê$nm`m… bjUm`mA{n Agå^doZ AeŠ`dMZËdmV².

AÌ gmåàXm{`H$Z¡ m{`H$m… *g§ñH¥$VnXmZm§ gH$b-XoeH$mb-gmYmaÊ oZn[aJ{UVV`m M AënËd‘² An «§emZmÝVw VÎmÔoeH$mb oXoZ AmZÝË`{‘{V VXod{d{ZJH${‘{V Z An «§eo epŠV… n`m© ofwVw {d{ZJ‘H$m^mdmV² gd©Ì epŠVaod*

B{V Amhþ….

VEd Zì`mñVw *g§ñH¥$VËdmn «§eËdmä`m‘² AënËdmZÝVËdgå^do@{n àË oH$‘²EH¡$H$ËdoZ g§ñH¥$VVwë`V`m {d{ZJ‘H$mgå^dmV², g§ñH¥$VËdoZ An «§eËdoZ dmeŠË`^mdmX², "Kmo'Îma-"Q>'Ëdm{XZm àË oH$‘od Vñ`m…

gd©Ì {gÕËdmV². VWmM "KQ>'-"KBbm' {Q>.1 -eãX`mo… àË oH§$ gd©Ì EH$ËdmV²eŠVm¡ H$mo@{n Z {deof…. ZM *eŠVm¡ gË`m§ VËnXmV² VÔoer`mZm{‘d AÝ`Ôoí`mZm‘{n~moY… ñ`mX²* B{V dmÀ §, epŠVVX^md`mo… nXmWm}npñW{V-VX^mdm¡ à{V ñdê$nVmo{Z`m‘H$Ëdm^mdmV², epŠVJ«hmJ«h`moaod VWmËdmV². AVEd M AJ¥hrVepŠVH$mX²"KQ>m'{XnXmX{n Z Aì`wËnÝZmZm§ nXmWm}npñWË`m{X, J¥hrVepŠVH$mX²"KBbm'nXmX{n nmíMmË`mZm§ {Q>.2 nXmWm}npñWË`m{X B{V wÁ`Vo. AV… CŠV wŠVo…Aà`moOH$ËdmÀM Z {H$pÄMX² EVV². {H$ÝVw H$moemÚ^mdmXod Z An «§eo epŠV….AVEd àmH¥$VgÄOr{dÝ`m{X{^… àmH¥$Vì`mH$aU¡… n[aJ{UVmZm‘{n àmH¥$VmZm§ ZepŠV… B{V CnnÚVo. ZM *ì`dhmaEd VÌ epŠVJ«mhH$…* B{V dmÀ`§,

epŠV^«‘bjUm{X{â{n ì`dhmagå^doZ Vñ` epŠVà‘mnH$Ëdm^mdmX²,AZÝ`bä`ñ ¡d eŠ`Ëdmä wnJ‘mV². AVEd àmH¥$Vì`mH$aU¡… àmH¥$Vofw

1. ‘¡{Wb^mfm`m§ "KQ>'nXn`m© mo A`‘²(í`m). 2. ~§JXoemV² npíM‘m`m§ {X{e{‘{Wbm dV©VB{V. EVoZ A § nj… ~§JXoer`ñ` H$ñ`MZ boIH$ñ` B{V AZw‘mVw§eŠ`Vo.(í`m).

gmYwËd~moYZo@{n Z Vofm§ eŠVËd§, H$moeñ ¡d àmYmÝ oZ epŠVà‘mnH$ËdmV².ì`mH$aUì`dhmamXrZmÝVw AZÝ`bä`ËdghH¥$VmZm§ epŠVn[aÀN>oXH$Ëdñ`¡d`wŠVËdmV². VWmM Aì`wËnÝZmZm§ epŠV^«‘mX² ì`wËnÝZmZm§ eŠVnXñ‘maUmV²nXmWm}npñWË`m{X-gå^doZ àmH¥$Vo An «§eo M Z epŠVH$ënZ‘²* B{V Amhþ…,

BX‘{n AmnmVaå`‘od, AJ«o ~mYm^mdoZ VÌ «‘ËdH$ënZm`m… A wŠVËdmV²,g§ñH¥$Vo J¥hrVeŠVrZm‘² AJ¥hrVeŠVrZm§ dm ñdñd^mfmeãXofw epŠV~mYmXe©ZmV²,àË wV ~më o ^mf`m J¥hrVeŠVrZm§ nm¡JÊS>m{Xfw n{R>Vo H$moemXm¡ ^mfmeãX¡aod{ddaUo VËn[apÀN>{V[a{V d¡narË`ñ`m{n Xe©ZmV² M, AàVmaH$s`-àmW{‘H$-ì`dhmamXo… «‘à wŠVËdo ‘mZm^mdmV² M, Hw$Ìm{n Vofm§ eŠË`^mdo bjUm`moJmXodV`m{n ì`dhmamgå^dmV² M. AV… Vofw epŠVnjEd gmYr`mZ². `V² nwZ…’${U^mî o ""An «§eofw Z epŠV…'' B{V à{Vnm{XV§, VÎmw AZm{X-dmMH$Ëdê$n-eŠË`^mdm{^àm §, ""Vñ‘mX² ~«m÷UoZ Z åbopÀN>Vd¡ Z An^m{fVd¡. åboÀN>mo dmEf `X² AneãX…'' (dmO.~«m÷.Á`mo.ï>mo.àH$.) B{V lwË`ZwamoYmX², `kofwVmÑeeãXmoÀMmañ` A{Zï>mYm`H$ËdmV², VpÝZd¥Î`Wª M. AVmo `V² lr‘X² mJdVo""VX² dmJ²{dgJm} OZVmK{dßbdmo pñ‘Z² à{VíbmoH$‘² A~ÕdË`{n Zm‘mÝ`ZÝVñ`èmo@{L²H$Vm{Z `ÀN¥>ÊdpÝV Jm`pÝV J¥UpÝV gmYd…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&5&11)B{V AneãXdVmo@{n dm½Jwå’$ñ` AKZmeH$Ëd‘² CŠV§, VX{n ^JdÝZm‘{^… ghnmR>mXod ZVw ñdê$nV… B{V wÁ`Vo. epŠVíM n`m© opîdd Voîd{n VÎmXmZwnyì`m©AdpÀN>ÚVo. Vo {dH¥$VmB{V VXwÀMmaUo ’$b‘{n {dH¥$V‘od ^d{V. bm¡{H$Ho$fw"XodXÎmm'{XnXoîd{n ^mfmdXod ^Jd{XÀN>m (à`mo{OH$m) ko m VoZ Z H$m{MX²AZwnn{Îm….

‘w»`Jm¡UrVmËn © oXoZ eãXd¥ÎmrZm§ Ì¡{dÜ`‘² :

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gmM epŠV… Zm‘brbm{Zdm©hm` ì`dhmao (1) ‘w»`m- (2) Jm¡Ur- (3)

VmËn`©-d¥{ÎmôXoZ {ÌYm dV©‘mZm, (1) ‘w»`m- (2) VmËn`©-d¥{ÎmôXoZ {ÛYmdV©‘mZm dm, "d¥{Îm…' B{V CÀ`Vo.

(1 ‘w»`m d¥{Îm…) : VÌ dmMH$Ëdê$noU dV©‘mZm ‘w»`m, gm{n (1/H$)ê${T>-(1/I)`moJ-(1/J)`moJê${T>- oXoZ {ÌYm :

(1/H$)Vmgw `Ì àH$Q>m o ì`dhmamo A{^àoV… VÌ nydm}ŠVmepŠVgL²H$moMbjUm ê${T>…, Wm, "H${nËW'-"‘ÊS>nm'{X- nXonm. o.63.

(1/I)`Ì B©f{ÎmamoYmZoZ A{^àoV…, nX^“oZ íbofmo dm, VÌAd`depŠV‘² AmXm` H$pënVm g `moJ…. `Wm "nmMH$'-"{dídm{‘Ìm'{XnXo.

(1/J)`Ì {H$pÄMXWm©ndmXoZ H$píMX² AWm} ÑT>rH$Vw©‘² Bï>…. VÌC^èpŠV‘² AmXm` `moJê${T>…, `Wm, "nL²H$Om'{XnXo.

Îmw *"CX²{^Xm'{XnXo CX² oXH$Vw©… VéJwë‘mXo… m¡{JH$ñ` mJ{deofñ` ê$T>ñ`M ñdmVÝÌoU ~moYmX² `m¡{JH$ê${T>… A{V[aŠVm* B{V ‘wŠVmdbrH$ma:, VV² Z,g‘wXmèŠË`ZdYmaUo AdYmaUo M "nL²H$O'nX-g‘mZH$jËdoZ ñdmVÝÍ`ñ`dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV²{Q>.1. Ed§ ‘w»`m ì`m»`mVm.

(2Jm¡Ur d¥{Îm…) : eŠ`gå~ÝYoZ ~mo{YH$m Jm¡Ê`{n {ÛYm : (2/H$)’$bbjUm-(2/I)Jm¡Ur- oXmV² :

(2/H$)V`mo… ‘Ü o Ì {H$pÄMË’$bmWª nmamoú oU¡d AWm} ~w~moY{`{fV…VÌ nXo nm. o.64 eŠ`gå~ÝYê$nm à`moOZbjUm, Wm, ""J“m`m§ Kmof…''BË`mXm¡ "J“m'nXo nm. o.65.

(2/I)Ed‘² CnMmamWª gmÑí`mË‘H$-eŠ`gå~ÝY-ê$nm Jm¡Ur,`Wm, ""Jm¡… dmhrH$…'' BË`mXm¡ B{V D$h² ‘².

AVmo ZmZm{dYì`dhma{gÕçWª eŠVo… ZmZm àH$maoU dV©Z‘² B{V

1. Ad`deŠVm ¡ g‘ wXmèŠË`^md o@{n {h A{V[aŠVepŠV-VËàmJ^mdm{XH$ënZm-Jm¡admnoj`m epŠV{ÌH$njEd Á`m`mZ² B{V (H$).

d¥ÎmrZm§ oX….

{Zê$T>bjUmVw Z `wŠVm, ""H$‘©{U Hw$eb…'' BË`Ì ""Hw$emZ² bm{V''BË`mXm¡ `moJñ` ~mY§ n[aH$ëß` {ddoH$m{X-gå~ÝYmË‘H$-bjUm-H$ënZñ``moJmnhm[aH$`m ê$T>çm ~mYmV², ""H¥$Vr Hw$eb BË`{n'' (A‘.H$mo.3&1&4)BË`m{XH$moeoZ eŠVoaod J«mhUmV², {MÌVwaJmXm¡ "VwaJm'{XnXmZm§ Jm¡Ê ¡d CnnÎmo…,ÜdñVKQ>mXm¡ "KQ>'ì`dhmañ` gyú‘KQ>gÎmm§ H$maU{Zð>m‘² AmXm` eŠË ¡d CnnÎmoíM.`Îmw *"{Ûao’$'eãXo eŠ`mW©ñ` naånamgå~ÝYê$nm b{jVbjUm* B{V ‘V§, VV²Z, "{Ûao’$' nm. o.66nXoZ " «‘a'nXr`-ao’$Û`-gå~ÝYo km`‘mZo ao’$Û`dVm§ "~~©a'-"~H©$a'-"eH©$am'-"é{Mam'{XeãXmZm§ ì wXmgñ`m{n àË``mnÎmo… BË`m{X ~moÜ`‘².AVEd Z `m¡{JH$ê${T>a{n nm. o.67.

’$bbjUm oXmñVw nm. o.68 J«ÝW{dñVa^`mV² Z CÀ`ÝVo.

Ed§ Jm¡Ê`{n ""Ò‘mZ… àñVa…'' (V¡{Îm.~«m÷.3&3&6&8) ""Ap½Z… ~«m÷U…''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.2&3&3&3) ""Am{XË`mo yn…'' (V¡{Îm.~«m÷.2&1&5&2) BË`m{Xfw ZJwU`moJmV² {H$ÝVw {dYo ñVwË`Wm}nMmaVEd VmdX²JwU wŠV-Y{‘©ê$noU Yå ©ÝVañ ¡dCnMmamV². Y‘©ñ’w$aUÝVw Y{‘©kmZmXod. AÝ`Wm ~mYà{VgÝYmZ‘² AÝVaoU nydªY‘©Ed ñ’w$aoX². Ed§ ""Jmo-AídmEd nedmo AÝ oVw Aned…'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.5&2&9&4),""g¥ï >rénXYm{V'' (V¡{Îm.g §{h.5&3&4&7&) ""àmU^¥V CnXYm{V''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.5&2&10&9, 5&3&1&1) ""N>{ÌUmo `mpÝV'' BË`mXmd{n Anídm{X-Y{‘©ñ’y$Ë ©ZÝVa§ ~mYà{VgÝYmZo Jdmídàe§gmW©‘² AOm{Xfw Amamo{nV‘² AnewËd§,g¥îQ>çg¥îQ>çm{Xg“o yåZm {b“oZ M CnbjU{dY`m Amamo{nV§ g¥pîQ>Ëd§ àmU ¥Îd§M àVr`V-B{V fS²>{dYm{n Jm¡Ur CnMmamXod BË`{n ko ‘².

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gmÑí`ñ` fS²>{dYËdÄM :-

"" 1VpËg{Õ- 2Om{V- 3gmê$ß`- 4àe§gm- 5{b“- 6^y‘{^…&

fS²>{^…{Q>.1gd©Ì eãXmZm§ Jm¡Ur d¥{Îm… àH$pënVm&&''(em.Xr.1&4&18&28) B{V nyd©VÝÌJ«ÝWofw CŠV‘².

( 3VmËn ©d¥{Îm…) : VmËn ©ÄM ""VËàVrVrÀN>`m CÀMm[aVËd‘².''

gL²Ho$VepŠV «‘m¡Vw ê${T>n[aH$aËdmX² ê$T>mdod AÝV ©dV….

VoZ ê${T>-`moJ-`moJê${T>-’$bbjUm-Jm¡Ur-VmËn`©-d¥{ÎmôXmV² fmoT>mnXd¥Îm`….

Amb§H$m[aH$mñVw *Z EVmEd d¥Îm`mo, ì`ÄOZm`m… Amä`mo A{V[aŠVËdmV².VWm{h : ""J“m`m§ Kmof…'' BË`mXm¡ VQ>m{XJVm{Ve{`V-e¡Ë`nmdZËdm{X-à`moOZàVrVm¡ Z A{^Ymì`mnma…, VÌ "J“m'{XnXgL²Ho$Vm^mdmV². Zm{nbjUmJm¡Ê`m¡, eŠ`mW}Z gh gå~ÝYgmÑí``mo… A^mdmV². ZM *nmdZËdm{X{d{eîQ>objUm* B{V dmÀ §, bú`à`moOZ`mo… AË`ÝV oXm^mdoZ ’$bm^mdo ’$bbjUmËd-hm{Zàg“mV², "Kmofm'{XnXmÝd`mZwnnË`m ‘w»`mW©~mYo AZwg§{hVo "J“m'nXñ`VQ>o bjUmà{VgÝYmZdV² nmdZËdm{X{d{eï>VQ>o VËà{VgÝYmZ-~rOm^mdmÀM.ZM *VÌ d¥qÎm {dZ¡d AW©~moY…* B{V dmÀ §, ""emãX~moYo eãXmonñWm{nVEdnXmWm} ^mgVo'' B{V {Z`‘^“àg“mV². {H$ÄM AZoH$mW©ñWbo g§ moJmXo… eãXñ`dmMH$Ëdo {Z`{‘Vo `m AdmÀ`{df`m ~w{Õ… gm d¥Î`ÝVa§ {dZm Z CXoVrË`Vmo

1. (1)""Ò‘mZ… àñVa…'' BË`Ì Ò‘mZdV² H$m ©{gÕm¡ Aä`{h©VËdmV²àñVañ` Ò‘mZËdoZ àe§gm.(2)""Ap½Zd£ ~«m÷U…'' BË`Ì g¥{ï>H$mbo{hAp½Z~«m÷Um¡ ‘wImX² OmVm{d{V ""OZZ§ Om{V…'' BË`W©‘² AmXm` ~«m÷UñÀp½ZËdoZ àe§gm.(3)""Am{XË`mo yn…'' BË`Ì AÄOZoZ gy ©VoOñgmê$ß`mX² ynñÀm{XË`ËdoZ àe§gm.(4)""Anedmo dm AÝ o Jmo-Aídoä`… nedmo Jmo-Aídm…''

BË`Ì Jdmíd`mo… {h V² àmeñË § Z VX² AÝ opîd{V VËàmeñË`m^md… nídÝVamUm‘²AneyZm§ M Vwë`{‘{V nídÝVamUm‘² AnewËdoZ {ZÝXm.(5)""àmU ¥V CnXYm{V''BË`Ì àmU ¥X²JUo àmU ¥Ëg‘dm`mo ApñV, AàmU ¥X²JUo@{n àmU ¥Ëg‘dm`moAñVrË`Z oZ AëngmÑí`{b“ oZ AàmU^ ¥X ²JUñ` àmU^ ¥Îd oZ{Zê$nU‘².(6)""g¥ï>rénXYm{V'' BË`Ì g¥{ï>g‘wXm`m o ^y‘m AñVr{VAg¥{ï>g‘wXm o@{n VÌ "g¥{ï>'eãXà`moJ…(í`m).

d¥Î`ÝVa§ ñdrH$m ©‘². VoZ bjUmñWbo ’$bàË`m{`H$m {Z`Veº²$`ZoH$mW©ñWbo{dd{jVm{V[aŠV-dmÀ`àË`m{`H$m d¥{Îm… ì`ÄOZm gm A{V[aŠV¡d* B{V Amhþ….

VV² Z, bjUm‘ybì`ÄOZmñWbo ""J“m`m§ Kmof…'' BË`mXm¡ "Kmof'nXmW}dŠVw… AàVmaH$Ëdo M {ZpíMVo AÝd`mZwnnÎ`m{XZm VQ>o bjUmZwgÝYmZo ""{H$‘Wªbj`{V?'' B{V AmH$m¬m`m§ VmËn ©d¥Î`m e¡Ë`nmdZËdm{X àVr`Vo VmËn ª MVmÑedmŠ`moÀMmaU‘{håZm.

bjUm Wm AW©JVm eãXo Amamoß`Vo; VWm, VmËn ª dŠV¥JV§ VÌ Amamoß`VB{VAmamo{nVd¥{ÎmËd‘² C^`mo… dm{XZmo… Vwë`‘².

ì`ÄOZm`m… ì`mnmaËdoVw AíbrbñWbBd AÌm{n Ho$edmbwH$mXoa{nàVrË`mn{Îm:, VpÝZ`‘Zm` VmËn ©d¥Îmo: Vdm{n Amdí`H$ËdmV² "VÕoVw'{Q>.1Ý`m oZì`ÄOZm`m: AOmJbñVZàm`Ëd‘².{Q>.2. ""JÀN> nm. o.69 JÀN>{g MoV² H$mÝV nÝWmZ…gÝVw Vo {edm…, ‘‘m{n OÝ‘ VÌ¡d y mX² `Ì JVmo ^dmZ²'' BË`Ìm{n {à oU{d`moú`‘mUm`m… VX^mdm` J‘Zm^mdo VmËn`ª VmÑedmŠ`moÀMmaU‘{håZ¡dkm`VB{V VÌm{n Z A{V[aŠVm ì`ÄOZm.

`Îmw *VmËn`m©ZwnnÎ`m AÌ bjUm* B{V ‘ÄOarH$ma…, VV² Z, "‘‘m{n'BË`m{Xfw EH$pñ‘Z² VX^mdoZ dmŠ oM eŠË`Z"rH$maoU VÝ‘Vo Vñ`m… AZwnnÝZËdmV².`X{n *""J“m`m§ Kmof…'' BË`Ì bú`àVr{Vaod à`moOZ§ ZVw e¡Ë`nmdZËdm{XàVr{V…*

B{V CŠV§, VX{n Z, VmÑedmŠ`dŠVw… ‘yI©VmnÎmo…, F$Ow‘mJ} {dÚ‘mZo Ed§

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Ð{d‹S>‘ÊS>H$ñ` Aà`moOH$ËdmV². AV… ’$bàVr{Vaod à`moOZËdoZ AmXaUr`m.AV… VÝ‘Vo Z H$W‘{n ì`ÄOZm§ nm. o.70

1. ""VÕoVmoaod VXñVw {H$‘ÝVJ©Sw>Zm VoZ?''B{V ( w.bm¡.Ý`m.gm.1&39)Ý`m`…."Vñ`'=H$nmbmXo… "hoVmo…'=‘¥XmXoaod "VX²'=KQ>m{XH$maUËd‘² "AñVw'=H$ënZr`‘²."{H$‘ÝVJ©Sw >Zm VoZ'=H$nmbm{Xê$nH$m`©ñ`m{n H$maUVmH$ënZoZ (í`m). 2"AOm`m…'=N>mJm`m… "Jbo'=H$ÊR>o "ñVZm¡'=ñVZmH$mam¡ ‘m§g{dH$mam¡ {Zîà`moOZm¡`Wm ^dV… VWm Añ`m… ì`ÄOZm»`m`m… A{V[aŠVm`m… d¥Îmoa{n ñdrH$mamo{Zîà`moOZEd(í`m).

{dZm {Zdm ©hB{V VmËn` ©‘ od AmXaUr`‘². ZM *ì`ÄOZmZ wnJ‘o~moYe¡¿a²çmZwnn{Îm:* B{V dmÀ`‘² CŠVdmŠ`ñ` à{gÕËdoZ Aä`mgnmQ>dmXodCnnÎmo:. ZyVZdmŠ o ~moY{dbå~ñ` AZw dgm{jH$ËdoZ gw‘oYg: VÀN>¡¿a²çñ`VmËn ©kmZmXod CnnÝZËdoZ M Vñ` ì`ÄOZmgmYZmgm‘Ï`m©V² M.

{H$ÄM ""‘wI§ {dH${gVpñ‘V‘²'' (H$mì`.à.2&19&9) BË`m{XJyT>ì §½`ñWboQ>rH$mH$ma¡: Vofm§-Vofm§ ì §½`mZm§ {ddaUmV², ""CA {UÀMb... nm. o.71'' (H$mì`à.2&8&8) BË`Ì H$mì`àH$meo@{n ì §½`Û`{ddaUmV²{Q>.1M, gd}fm§ Z EH§$ ì §½`^mgVo B{V {ZíMr`Vo. Ed§ g{V V¥Vr`moëbmgo dŠV¥~moÕì`-d¡{eîQ>çm{X{^:{Q>.2

AW©ì`ÄOH$V`m ñdrH¥$VoZ AW©Y‘}U¡d `Wmgå^d§ ì §½`mW©~moY{Zdm©ho eãXJV-Y‘m©ÝVa-ñdrH$ma: gd©Wm Z Ý`mæ`:. Ed‘² A{^Ym‘yb-ì`ÄOZm-ñWbo@{nA{^Y¡d ì`mnmamo Z A{V[aŠVmì`ÄOZm, dŠÌm ñd{dd{jV~moYmoËnmXZm` g§ moJmÚ¡…Vñ`m… EH$Ì {Z`‘Zo@{n, A{^Yo mÝVam{^Ym-{df`H$-g§ñH$mañ` gÑem{X{^:C×moYo V ¡d A{^Yo mÝVa-ñ’y${V©-{gÕm¡ d¥Î`ÝVaH$ënZñ` ì`gZ‘mÌËdmV². ZM*g§`moJmXrZm§ g§ñH$mam o×m oYà{V- ~ÝYH$Ëd§* eŠ`dMZ‘², ""Añ`mZZ§`mo{ZéXmadmMm‘²'' BË`Ì nXmÝVagmhM }@{n AíbrbmZwgÝYmZOÝ`-OwJwßgm`m:AZw y ‘mZËdmV². ZM *eãX~w{ÕH$‘©Um§ nm. o.72 {daå`ì`mnmamZ“rH$mamX² A{^Ym-bjUm-VmËn`m©»`mZm§ {Vg¥Um‘{n d¥ÎmrZm§ ñdñdmWª ~moY{`Ëdm Cnjò H$W§ì`ÄOZm§ {dZm {Zdm©h:* B{V dmÀ`‘², Añ` àhmañ` Z¡`m{`H$^rfH$ËdmV²,eãX~w{Õ-ñWm{`Ëd-dm{XZm‘² Añ‘mH§$ ‘Vo eãXñ` A{daVËdoZ d¥ÎmrZm§ gËdmV²VX² rVo: A^mdmV². AVmo `Wmgå^d§ VmËn ©d¥Ë`W©Y‘m©{^Ymgw {Q>.3 AÝV^m©dmV² Z

A{V[aŠVm ì`ÄOZm. VoZ gw~mo{YÝ`mXm¡ ""ÜdÝ`Vo-ì`Á`Vo'' BË`m{Xà`moJmUm§""VmËn ©-{df`r{H«$`Vo'' B{V AWm} ~moÜ`B{V Z {H$pÄMX²

1. ""AÌ {ZînÝXËdoZ AmídñVËd§ VoZ M OZa{hVËd‘². AV… gL²Ho$VñWmZ‘²EVX² B{V H$`m{MV² H$pÄMV² à{V CÀ`Vo. AWdm "{‘Ï`m dX{g Z Ëd‘² AmJVmoA^y…' B{V ì`Á`Vo'' (H$mì`àH$m.2&8&8)(í`m). 2. ""dŠV¥~moÕì`H$mHy$Zm§dmŠ`mdmÀ`mÝ`g§{Z{Y… àñVmdXoeH$mbmX o… d ¡{eï>çmV ² à{V^mOwfm §`mo@W©ñ`mÝ`mW©YrhoVwì`m©nmamo ì`pŠVaod gm'' (H$mì`àH$m.3&37&21-22)(í`m).3. VmËn ©d¥Îmm¡ dm, AW©Y‘} dm, A{^Ym`m§ dm AÝV^m©dgå^dmX² B{V A{^àm`…(í`m).

AZwnnÝZ‘². Vñ‘mX² EVmEd nXd¥Îm`:. VËàrVrVrÀN>`m CÀMm[aVËd§ VmËn ©‘²B{V ÌoYmd¥{ÎmnjànÄM:.

ÛoYm d¥{ÎmnjoVw VmËn ª Zm‘ ""~w wpËgVmdmMH$Ëdo@{n VËàVr{VOZH$Ëd‘od''ZVw VËàVrVrÀN>`m CÀMm[aVËd§, VoZ ’$bbjUm{X-ì`ÄOZmÝVmZm§ VmËn ©Ed{ZdoemV² gwIoZ g§J«h:.

eãXd¥ÎmrZm‘² AmH$m¬m{XY‘m©Um§ kmVV`m CnH$maH$Ëd§ Z ñdê$noU : CŠVm… d¥Îm`: AmH$m¬mX`: M kmVmEd Cn wÁ`ÝVo.

AmbL²H$m[aH$mñVw *""VËàVrVrÀN>`m CÀMm[aVËd§''=VmËn`©‘². VÀMdmŠ`d¥{Îm:, dmŠ`‘od AmH$m¬m`mo½`Vmg{ÎmghH¥$V§ gV² "VmËn`m©'»`d¥{Îmì`mnmaoUñdmW©‘² AÝd § ~moY`{V* B{V Amhþ:. VÌ àVrË`n ©dgmZ‘² AmH$m¬m, ~mYm^mdmo`mo½`Vm, nXmZm§ gpÝZ{Y: Amg{Îm:, ""AWm}ô`ZpÝdVmdñW: nXoZm{^{hVmo `VmoApÝdVm‘² AmË‘Zmo@dñWm§ b{jVm‘od bjòX²'' ( ) BË`mXm¡ ^Å>dm{V©Ho$VmËn ©d¥{Îmaod "bjUm'nXoZ CÀ`Vo. ‘w»`mW©~mYm^mdoZ nydm}ŠVbjUm`m: dŠVw‘²AeŠ`ËdmX²* B{V dXpÝV.

^mÅ>mñVw *nXkmZmZm§ nXmW©kmZmZm§ M AñWm{`ËdmV² Z àËòH$‘²AÝd`~moYgm‘J«rËd§, H«${‘H$ËdmV² Z {‘{bVmZm§ VWmËd§, Zm{n AÝË`nXmW©kmZH$mbo

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nyd©g§ñH$maghH¥$VoZ VËH$maUoZ O{ZVñ` gH$bnXmW©-g‘yhmbå~Zñ` VËgm‘J«rËd§,VÎm{Û{eîQ>monpñWqV {dZm {d{eîQ>-d¡{eîQ>ç-kmZmË‘H$-dmŠ`mW©~moYmZwnnÎmo….ZM *""Jm‘² AmZ`'' BË`Ì gwnm ñdmW©~moYZH$mbo Jmo{d{eîQ>§ H$‘©Ëd§ ~moÜ`Vo,VVmo YmVwZm VmÑeH$‘©{d{eîQ>‘² AmZ`Z§, VV… Am»`mVoZ VmÑemZ`Z-{d{eîQ>m^mdZm ~moÜ`VB{V Z nm. o.73 {d{eîQ>d¡{eîQ>ç-kmZmË‘H$-dmŠ`mW©-~moYmZwnn{Îm…*

B{V dmÀ`‘². Z¡ m{`H$‘Vo àH¥$Ë`W©{d{eîQ>~wqÕ à{V, "gw~²'OÝ`monpñWVo… H$maUËdoZ"A‘²'OÝ`H$‘©Ëdm onpñW{VH$mbo Jm o{d{eîQ>~wÕo… VXZÝVanXmÝVaOÝ`-H$‘©Ëd{d{eîQ>mZ`Zm{X-~moYH$mbo M VmÑeH$‘©Ëdm{X-{d{eîQ>~wÕo… M Agå^doZdmŠ`mW©kmZmË‘H$-{d{eîQ>d ¡{eîQ>ç~wÕo… AeŠ`dMZËdmV². Vñ‘mX²AmH$m¬m{Xg{Mdm… g‘w{MVmZwnydu{d{eîQ>-nXmonñWm{nVm… nXmWm©Ed dmŠ`mW©~moY§OZ`ÝVr{V VmÑem… nXmWm©Ed gm‘J«r. ZM AñWm{`Ëdm{XH¥$Vm AZwnn{Îm…,AmH¥$Ë`{YH$aUo JdmXrZm§ nXmZm§ {ZË`mH¥${Vdm{MV`m AéUm{YH$aUo ewŠbmXrZm§{ZË`JwUdm{MV`m, Aä`mgm{YH$aUo g{‘XmXrZm§ `Á`mXrZm§ M `mJ¡H$Ëd-g{‘ÚmJ¡H$Ëd-VXZoH$Ëd-njofw {ZË`mW©V`m ì`dñWmnZmV². Zm{n AÝ`m,A{^{hVmÝd`dm{X{â{n àH¥${VàË``ñWbo ApÝdVm{^YmZ§ ñdrH¥$Ë`"A‘m'{XàË` oZ H$‘©Ëdm{^YmZH$mbEd {d{eîQ>àË`m`Zmä wnJ‘mV². ZM *VWm{nYmVwZm H$‘©Ëdm{X{d{eîQ>monpñWË`Z“rH$mamX² AñË od AZwnn{Îm:* B{V dmÀ §,dmŠ`mW} {Zê$T>bjUm`m: A“rH$mamV², Vñ`m: M Om{Vì`ŠË`mXm¡ `wJnXodeŠ`bú`mW©-~moYH$ËdXe©ZmX² YmVwZm{n H$‘©Ëdm{X-{d{eîQ>monpñW{V-gå^doZdmŠ`mW©kmZmË‘H$-{d{eîQ>d¡{eîQ>ç~wÕm¡ AZwnnË`^mdmV². ZM *nXYrì`dYmZmV²Z CÎmanXmW©OÝ`Yrg‘ o nyd©nXmW©Yr dV©VB{V H$W§ {d{eîQ>m{X~w{Õ{g{Õ:* B{VeL²H$ç§, VÎmËnXmÝË`jUo VmÑe{Y`mo AZw d‘{håZ¡d nyd©nXmW©kmZ-H$maUVm`m:g§ñH$magmYmaUê$noU ñdrH$mamV². ZM *Ed§ g{V nXmW©kmZmZm‘od H$maUËd§ Hw$VmoZ A“r{H«$`Vo* B{V dmÀ`‘², AZÝVkmZì`ŠVrZm§ hoVwËdmnoj`m ñd{dn`H$-kmZgå~ÝYo Z ¡H$ì`pŠVH$Jm oËdñ`¡d Jm oËdmÝd`~m oYH$Ëd o bmKdmX ²,BÑegå~ÝYñdrH$maoU¡d ""KQ>§ H$amo{V'' BË`mXm¡ KQ>H$maH$ËdmXo: {Zdm©ô`ËdmV².AVEd dmŠ`mW©àVrVo: Z ñdmßZàVr{VdV² {Z‘y©bËd‘². Vñ‘mX² CŠVê$nm: nXmWm©EdkmZÛmam dmŠ`mW©ê$n‘² AÝd § ~moY`pÝV* B{V Amhþ:.

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *AmH$m¬m{XghH¥$V§ H«${‘H$nXmZw d-OÝ`mZoH$g§ñH$ma¡: wJnX²CËnÝZ§ gH$bnX-ñ‘aU‘od `wJnV² gd©nXmWm}npñW{VÛmam AÝd`§ ~moY`{V,VmÑem{Z nXm{Z dm; VWm, AÝd`ñVw AnXmWm}@{n g§gJ©‘`m©X`m ^mgVo* B{VAmhþ:.

AmH$m¬mX`ñVw AmH$m¬m-`mo½`Vm-gÎm`: :- VÌ *nX{deof-g‘{^ì`möV-dmŠ`JV‘² AÝd`~moYgm‘Ï ©‘² AmH$m¬m.

g§gJ©{damo{Y-ê$nam{hË § `mo½`Vm* B{V ^dXodR>ŠHw$am:.

*`V² nX§ `ËnXoZ gh VmÑemÝd`~moYOZH§$ VËnXñ` VËnXg‘{^ì`mhma…VmÑemÝd`~moYo AmH$m¬m. EH$nXmW} AnanXmW©ñ` àH¥$Vg§gJ©dÎd§ mo½`Vm AW©Y‘©:nXofw Amamoß`Vo. àH¥$VmÝd`~moYmZZwHy$bnXmì`dYmZ‘² AmgpŠV…. XyamÝdòíbmoH$mXm¡Vw nXmV² Z AÝd`~moY: {H$ÝVw `moOZmdmŠ`mX²* B{V àmÄM:.

Zì`mñVw : *AmH$m¬m{X‘Îdo g{V VmËn ©kmZo ì`d{hVo@{n AÝd`~moYmV²VX²{dbå~o {dbå~mV² M VmËn ©‘od AmgpŠV:. VÀM ""EVËnX‘² EVËnXmoÎma‘²AÝdoVw'' B{V A{^gÝYmVw: BÀN>m:. EVËÌ`kmZ§ hoVw:.

‘ÄOarH$mañVw *d¥Î`m nXOÝ`nXmWm}npñW{V: Amg{Îm: gmVw ñdê$ngVrhoVw:* B{V Amh.

ApÝdVm{^YmZdm{X‘VoVw AÝd`: nXmW©: B{V {deof:.

d¡ mH$aUmñVw *nXg‘wXm`ê$n‘² AIÊS§> dmŠ`‘od VmËn ©kmZmg{Îmg{Md§nX{deofg‘{^ì`mhmamË‘H$mH$m¬mnaZm‘H$-~moYZgm‘Ï`m©Ë‘H$-ñdd¥qÎmì`mnmarH¥$Ë` ñdmW©‘² AÝd § ~moY`{V* B{V Amhþ:.

BX‘od `wŠV§, ""J“m`m § Km of…'' B{VdX² ""dpôZZm {gÄM{V''BË`mÚ`mo½`dmŠ o@{n bjU`m ~moYgå^doZ mo½`VmkmZñ` VmËn ©kmZn ©dgÝZËdmX²,

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AmgÎmo… nXJVñ‘maH$epŠVê$nËdmX², AmH$m¬m`m… dmŠ`gm‘Ï`m©Z{V[aŠVËdmV²M. EVmdV ¡d {Zdm ©hmV ² , nXñ‘aUH$aU-nXmW ©H $aU-nj`m o …dmŠ`mWm©emãXËdm{XXmofJ«mgmV², nXH$aUnjo@{n EHo$Z nXoZ AÝd`~moYm^mdoZnXg‘yhEd n ©dgmZmX² ""dmŠ`mX² A`‘² AWm} ~wÕ…'' B{V AZw dmV² M.

{gÕmÝVoVw : ñd^mdVEd gÎdaàg¥Ëda¡… dm yn{ZVo… dm Üd{Z{^…{^Ym-bjUm-VmËn`m©»`mZm§ {Vg¥Um‘{n d¥ÎmrZm§ ñ_

lmoV¥H$aUeîHw${bfw A{^ì`ŠV§ nydm}ŠVarË`m {ZîH¥$ï>§ d¡`mH$aUmoŠVar{VH§$dmŠ`‘od{Q>.1{MañWm{`Zm kmZoZ ö{X dV©‘mZ§ nXOÝ`nXmW©ñ‘¥{Vg{Md§d¡ mH$aUàUmS²>çm ñdmW©‘² AÝd`‘² AZw md`{V. Vñ` kmZñ` kmZmÝVam{XZmñWybmdñWm{Vamo mdoZ g§ñH$mamdñW`m pñWVm¡ VÛmŠ`‘{n A{^ yV{‘d {Vð>{V.C×þÕoVw g§ñH$mao öÚod àH$Q>§ gV² ñdmWª ñ‘ma`{V. d¡{XH$ÝVw H¥$nm{df`mUm§ gd©Vmo^JdÝV‘od gbrb§ ghOeŠË`m ~moY`{V B{V Ef… g§J«h….

d¡{XH$eãXmZm§ àd©VH$Ëd{dMma… : *ZZw Ed§ g{V doXñ` {gÕmW©dmŠ`Ëd‘² B{V AmJV§; VWmM, {d{Y{ZfoYmä`m§

àd¥{Îm{Zd¥Îmr ZmonnÚo`mVm‘². {H«$`mW©ËdÄM, O¡{‘Zr`Xe©Z{gÕ§, {déÜòV.CÝ‘mJ©d{V©ËdmnÎ`m Ì¡bmoŠ`gL²H$amo@{n ñ`mX²* B{V MoV², Z, ""Ef C Ed gmYwH$‘© H$ma`{V V§ `‘oä`mo bmoHo$ä` CpÝZZrf{V. Ef C Ed AgmYw V§ `‘Ymo{ZZrf{V'' (H$m¡fr.Cn.3&8) BË`m{XlwË`m JdVEd {Z`m‘H$ËdoZ gL²H$am^mdmV².O¡{‘Zr`Xe©Zñ` ‘ÝXm{YH$m ©W©ËdoZ V{ÛamoYo@{n d¡ mgXe©Zm{damoYoZ Xmofm^mdmV².ZM {d{Yà{VfoYmZW©Š`§, VÎmËgmYZ’$b{Zê$nU‘mÌoU¡d V`mo… M[aVmW©ËdmV².*ZZw àd¥Îmo… eãXldUmZÝVa^m{dËdmV² eãXñdê$nñ` A{^àm`kmZñ` dm{dÜ`W© yVm`m… ^mdZm`m… A{^Ym`m… {Z`moJñ` Bï>gmYZËdñ` H¥${VgmÜ`Ëdñ`dm kmVñ` àdV©H$Ëd‘² C{MV‘². Ed‘od {ZfoYñ` {ZdV©H$Ëd§ ZVw ^JdV…,eãXldU§ {dZm{n VWm g{V àd¥Î`mÚmnÎmo…* B{V MoV², Z,

CŠVofw gd©njofw ì`{^Mmañ` Xe©ZmV²&

Z àdV©H$Vm bmoHo$ Zm{n doXo ’$bmoÝ‘wIr&&

VWm{h : Z VmdV² eãXñdê$n§ àdV©H§$, eãXñ` gdm©{YH$m[agmYmaUËdoZldUmoÎma§ gd}fm‘{n àd¥Ë`mnÎmo…. Zm{n A{^àm`kmZ§, kmVo@{n A{^àm o

1. g‘wXm`mË‘H§$ {d{eï>§ M B{V AW©…(A).Y¥ï>mZm§ àd¥Î`Xe©ZmV². AVEd Z ^mdZmX`…. Zm{n Bï>gmYZVmkmZ§

H ¥ $ {VgmÜ`VmkmZ § dm, A{Zï >gmYZËd-H ¥ $Ë`gmÜ`Ëd-à{‘Vmd{n{df^jU`wÕm{Xä`mo {Zd¥Ë`Xe©ZmV². V`mo: àdV©H$Ëdo V{ÛnarVkmZoZ {Zd¥Îmo:Amdí`H$ËdmV², VmÑeñWbo ^«‘mV² àd¥Îmo… dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV², ""Vwî`VwXwO©Z''Ý`m oZ «‘mV² àd¥Î`“rH$mao@{n Vñ` Šd{MX² CËnÎmm¡ Šd{MX² AZwËnÎmm¡H$maU{d‘e} eãXñ` gd©gmYmaUËdoZ VËH$maUVm`m: AeŠ`dMZËdoZ AÑîQ>mXoaodA“rH$m ©ËdoZ ì`mnH$mË‘dm{XZm§ M AÑï>{Z`‘ñ`m{n Xwd©MËdoZ B©ídaoÀN>m`m‘odn ©dgmZmV² M. ZM Jd{V d¡få`m{XXmofàg":, AmË‘g¥ï²>çwnJ‘oZ¡d {ZañVËdmX².""d¡få`Z¡K©¥Ê o Z gmnojËdmX²'' (~«.gy.2&1&34) B{VVw bmoH$~wÕçZwgmar{V JdmZodàdV©H$: VmÑe «‘mÚwËnmXH$mo@{n gEd ""Ef C Ed'' (H$m¡fr.Cn.3&8) BË`m{XlwVo:.

*ZZw Ed§ g{V AW©dmXmZm§ d¡`Ï`m©n{Îm: àamoMZm§ {dZm{n B©ídaoÀN>`¡dàd¥{Îm{gÕo:, Ed§ {ZÝXmW©dmXo@{nnm. o.74. AVmo {d{Y{ZfoYmä`m‘od AW©dmXg{Mdmä`m§àd¥{Îm{Zd¥Îmr A“rH$m }. CŠVlw{VñVw B©ídaoÀN>m`m… ghH$m[aËd‘mÌ§ doX`ÝVr Z{damoËñ`Vo* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo, Z Vmä`m§ àd¥{Îm{Zd¥Îmr gå^dV: gmYmaUËdmV².gd}fm‘od VVmo {d{hVo àd¥Îmm¡ {Z{fÕmV² M {Zd¥Îmm¡ ZaH$: H$ñ`m{n Z ñ`mV². VWmg{V VX²~moYH$-emñÌ-d¡ Ï`m©n{Îm:. ZM *gmo AW©dmXEd* B{V dmÀ §, VWm{nam oJmÚZwËn{Îmàg“:, nmV{H$Xe©Z{dam oYm o amOXÊS>m{X{df`m^mdàg“:VËàU`Z{dYm`H$-emñÌd¡ Ï`m©n{ÎmíM gd©Wm Xwîn[aha¡do{V Z VV: àd¥{Îm{Zd¥Îmr.AW©dmXmñVw {dYo`{ZfoÜ`ñdê$n§ {Zê$n`pÝV kmnZmWª, kmZñ` H$‘m©“ËdmV²,""`X¡d {dÚ`m H$amo{V VÎmXod Añ` dr ©dÎma§ ^d{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.1&1&10)B{V lwVo: ""kmËdm-kmËdm M H$‘m©{U OZmo@`‘² AZw{Vð>{V {dXwf: H$‘©{g{Õ:ñ`mV² VWm Zm{dXwfmo ^doX²'' (^mJ.nwam.10&24&6) B{V ñ‘¥Vo: M. VÌm{n

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""dm`wd£ jo{nîR>m XodVm'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h,2&1&1&1) BË`mÚwŠV§ XodVm`m…{jàH$m[aËdm{XH§$ ""dfQ²>H$mamo d¡ Jm`{Ì ¡'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.2&1&7&1) BË`mÚwŠV§I{Xam{Xñdê$n‘², Ed‘² AÝ`Ìm{n VÎmËàH$aUmoŠV§ VÎmËnXmW©ñdê$n§ kmËd¡d VÎmV²H$‘© H$V©ì`‘² B{V {deofV: àH$aUmX² Adgr`Vo. VWm {ZÝXm{XñWbo `Wmgå^d§{ZfoÜ`ñdê$n§ kmËdm Z H$V©ì`‘² BË`m{X ko ‘². VX¡d gå`Š’$b{gÕo: AV:gd©gmYZ’$bñdê$n-{Zê$nU‘mÌoU¡d MoV² àdV©H$Ëd§ {ZdV©H$Ëd§ M A“r{H«$`VoVXmVw "Amo‘²' B{V ~«y‘:. {d{eî` ’$b‘wIÝVw VV² Z dŠVw‘² C{MV§ Ñï>mÑï>XmofmUm‘²CŠVËdmV². Vñ‘mV² àdV©H$Ëd§ {ZdV©H$Ëd§ M ^JdVEd B{V {ZíMo`‘². ZM*""’$blw{V[a § ÝQ¥>Um§ Z… lo mo amoMZ§ na§ lo mo{ddj`m àmoŠVm Wm ¡fÁàmoMZ‘²''(^mJ.nwam.11&21&23) BË`m{Xfw ’$blwVo: nm.ô.75 àam oMH$Ëdm oŠË`mVXoH$dmŠ`VmnÝZñ` {dÜ`W©ñ` àdV©H$Ëd‘{n AWm© mV{‘{Vnm.ô.76 Z nydm}ŠV§gmYr`* B{V eL²H$ç§, àdV©Z-ì`mnma-‘mÌ-gÎmm`mEd VmdVm{n {gÕçm’$b‘wIñ` Vñ` à{VnmX{`Vw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV².

dñVwVñVw ""namojdmXmo doXmo@ § ~mbmZm‘² AZwemgZ§ H$‘©‘mojm` H$‘m©{U{dYÎmo ô`JX§ Wm'' (^mJ.nwam.11&3&44) BË`m{XdmŠ`mÝVamX² d¡ÚHo$ ofO{Zð>mZm§gVm‘od JwUmZm§ amo{JUmo amoJ{Zd¥Ë`m VXm¡fYË`mJmWª `Wm H$sV©Z§ VÛX² AÌH$‘©Ë`mJmWª H$‘©{U gVm‘od JwUmZm§ ’$bH$sV©Z‘² B{V Adgr`Vo. AV: Ed‘²A{^àm`mdoXH$emñÌgËdo@{n `X² doXVmËn`m©kmZ§ VÌ VmÑJrídaoÀN>¡d hoVw[a{VV{ÛnarVoÀN>¡d VmËn ©kmZo@{n hoVw:. Vñ‘mX² {d{Y{ZfoY`mo: Z ’$b‘wIËd§ {H$ÝVwÛmaËd‘² BË od {ZíM`:.

{H$ÄM doXñ` VmËn ª ^JdË od, CŠVarË`m eãXeŠË`m{n V‘od dX{V. Ed§g{V "gd©agm'-"@@ßVH$m‘m'-(~¥h.Cn.4&3&21- N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&4)@@{XlwË`mgd©Ì gd©nyUm}@{n ñd^mdVEd `Ì oZ ^moJoZ{Q>.1`m§ brbm§ H¥$VdmZ² VÌ V§ VmÑe§~moY`{V. VÌ nyd©H$mÊSo> fmoS>epËd©½Ò‘mZmÚmË‘Zm `kZmåZm M `m brbm H¥$Vmgm gn[aH$am ~moÜ`Vo. VÀM EH$pñ‘Z² H$‘©{U {déÕ-ZmZm-’$b-~moYZmX²Adgr`Vo.

`Wm, ""gwdJm© dm EVm{Z bmoH$m` hÿ ÝVo'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&6&1&1) B{VCnH«$å` X{jUhmo‘o X{jUmg§ñH$maËdoZ {H«$`‘mU‘² Amhþ{VMVwîQ>`‘².

1. `XmhþË`mÚwn`moJoZ B{V AW©: (A).VÌ Amh þ {VÛ`ñ` ""Ûmä`m § Jmh ©nË` o O whm o {V {ÛnmX ² Ò‘mZ:

à{VpîR>Ë ¡''(V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&6&1&1) B{V g§»`m’$b‘² CŠV‘², ""gm¡arä`m‘¥½ä`m§Jmh©nËò Owhmo{V A‘w‘od¡Z§ bmoH§$ g‘mamoh`{V'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&6&1&1) B{VF$½Y‘©’$b‘², Am½ZrY«o AmhþVo: AÝV[ajmH«$‘U‘², AmhdZr o AmhþVo: ñdJ©:.VÀM nañna§ {déÜ`VB{V Z Vñ` OrdnaËd‘², EH$Xm VXgå^dmX² A{Zï>OZH$ËdmV²Mo{V Vñ` ^JdËnaËd‘od B{V ""emãXñ` {h ~«ô‘U Ef nÝWm'' (gw~mo.2&2&2)BË`Ì {ZUuV‘².

VoZnm. o.77 AW©dmXmo@{n AZwdmX- yVmW©dmX- oXoZ {Û{dYEd, ZVw JwUdmXmo@{n,{damoYñ` ^“VmËn ©H$ËdoZ¡d n[ahmao VX^mdoZ JwUdmX-{d^mOH$ñ` A^mdmX².BË`Vmo@{n Z àdV©H$Ëd§ {H$ÝVw CŠVarË`m{Q>.1à‘mUËd‘od B{V {ZíM`:. VoZAZZwîR>mZñ` Z Aàm‘mÊ`mnmXH$Ëd§, {dH$ënñ`m{n Z XwîQ>Ëd§, ì`dñWm`mñVw‘ÝXmW©Ëd§, {ZÝXm`mñVw {dYo ñVwË`W©Ëd‘² B{V AdYo ‘².

ñ‘¥Ë`mÚmË‘H$eãXñdê$n{dMmao à‘mUËdoZm{^‘Vñ‘¥{Vñdê$n‘² : AW ñ‘¥Ë`m{XH§$ {dMm ©Vo : VÌ ñ‘¥{V: F$frUm§ nyd©M[aVñ‘aU§ VËà wŠVËdmV²

VX²~moYH$dmŠ o@{n "ñ‘¥{V'nXà`moJ:. ñ‘aUñ` M AZw dmo ‘yb§, gVw nyd©î`m©MmamV²,VW¡d bmoH$ì`dhmamV² VmÑeZr{VemñÌmX² {ZË`mZw‘o doXmV² M B{V ~hþYm Om`VB{VZ gdm©gm§ doXdV² àm‘mÊ`§ {H$ÝVw {ZË`mZw‘o`‘ybmZm‘od. V{XX§ ñ‘¥{VnmXoñ‘¥Ë`{YH$aUEd Cnnm{XV‘². ZM *Vmgm‘² CËgÝZ-{dàH$sU©-emIm-‘ybËd§*

eL²H$ç§, gd©doXÐîQ¥>Um§ ì`mgmXrZm§ ""ñ‘¥VoíM'' (~«.gy.1&2&6) ""A{ndmH$V¥ ©gm‘mÝ`mV² à‘mU‘² AZw‘mZ§ ñ`mX²'' (O¡{‘.gy.1&3&2) BË`m{XgyÌàU`Z{damoYmnÎmo:. {dÚ‘mZo àË`jdoXo ÛçÝV[aVmoXmhaUñ` Ag“VËdmV²,""à‘mU‘² CËgÝZ§ ñ`mX²'' BË`m{XnmR>m¡{MË`mV² M B{V {Z~ÝYo (V.Xr.{Z.2&34)

123 124

ì wËnm{XVËdmV². VX{n àm‘mÊ § ""{damoYo ËdZnoj§ ñ`mX²'' (O¡{‘.gy.1&3&3) B{VÝ`m oZ àË`jdoXm{damoYoZ¡d.

1. A~m{YV-bmoH$mZ{YJVmW©-JÝV¥ËdoZ B{V AW©…(A).BVamgmÝVw VXw^`m{damoYoZ¡d. dU©ì`dpñWVY‘©{dfò nwamUmZm‘{n Ed‘².

ì`mgñ‘¥Vm¡ dU©ì`dpñWVY‘©àíZo VXwÎmadmŠ ofw ""lw{V ñ‘¥{VnwamUmZm§ {damoYmo`Ì Ñí`Vo VÌ lm¡V§ ~{bîR>§ ñ`mV² V`moÛ£Yo ñ‘¥{Vd©am'' (ì`mgg§{h.ñ‘¥.1&4)B{V ì`mgdmŠ`mV². BVaÌVw nwamU‘od à~b§, doXmon~¥§hUËdmX², ""B{VhmgnwamUmä`m§doX§ g‘wn~¥§h oV² {~ oË`ënlwVmX² doXmo ‘m‘ § Mmb{`î``{V'' (‘hm^m.Am.n.1&66-~«ô‘m.nwam.1&1&171) B{V dmŠ`mV². ""nwamU§ öX § ñ‘¥V‘²'' ( ) B{V dmŠ`mV²M. VW ¡d dmë‘r{H$am‘mÙ-^maV`m o : `Wm`W § g‘m{Y^mfmËdmX ²doXì`m»`mZê$nËdmV² M. gm§»`-`moJ-H$UmXmjnmX-dm{gîR>am‘mÙmXrZmÝVwg§dmÚ§eEd àm‘mÊ`‘² BË od§ ko ‘². ""AjnmXàUrVo M H$mUmXo gm§»``moJ`mo:Ë`mÁ`: lw{V {déÕm|@e: lwË`¡H$eaU¡… Z¥{^…'' (name.nwam. ) B{VnameamonnwamUdmŠ`mV². Ed§ VÝÌmUm‘{n lwË`{damoYoZ¡d àm‘mÊ`‘² AZwgÝYo ‘².BX§ `Wm VWm àhñVo ì wËnm{XV‘² Añ‘m{^:.

àË`jmZw‘mZ‘ybH$dmŠ`àm‘mÊ`‘r‘m§gm : àË`jmZw‘mZ`moñVw BVmo@{n Z¡~©ë`§, nydm }ŠVmnoj`m Añ‘XmXrZm §

A{dÚmnmadí`m{YŠ oZ AënkËdmV². AV: eãX~«ô‘mË‘H$Ëdñ` Vwë`Ëdo@{n«‘à‘mX{dà{bßgm{X-nw§XmofXwîQ>ËdoZ bm¡{H$H$mZm§ VVmo@{n hrZ§ àm‘mU‘².

VÌm{n {gÕmW©dmŠ`ñ` gpÝZH¥$ï>o {df o àË`jghH$m[aËdmV² àË`jhoVwËd‘od.{dàH¥$îQ>{df oVw VXmZrÝVZmW©-gÎmm`m: gpÝX½YËdoZ gå^mdZmË‘H$ñ ¡d kmZñ`VVmo OZZ{‘{V VmÑe‘od àm‘mÊ`‘².

VWm ~mbm{XdmŠ o@{n.

àVmaH$dmŠ oVw lmoV¥{dídmgOmS²>çmXod àm‘mÊ`~w{Õ: ZVw eãX~bmX², Ðïw>:AZmßVËdoZ VÌ eãXËdm^mdmV², «mÝVàVmaH$dmŠ o@{n VWm. àd¥{Îmgm‘Ï }VwdŠV[a àVmaH$Ëd~ wÕç^mdmV ² lm oV w : à‘ o`~boZ àm‘mÊ`~ w {Õ[a{V{dídmgOmS²>çH¥$VËd§ Z hr`Vo. Vñ` àVmaH$ËdkmZo@{n àd¥{ÎmñVw Z eãXñ ¡d~bmV² {H$ÝVw AZZwJVmXod H$maUm{X{V Z V`m àm‘mÊ`‘² AmnmX{`Vw§ eŠ`Vo.«mÝVdmŠ`ñ`Vw eãXËdo@{n dŠVw: XwîQ>ËdmV² VÁOÝ`kmZñ` Aàm‘mÊ`‘².

AV: {gÕmW©ñ` bm¡{H$H$ñ` Jm¡U‘od àm‘mÊ`‘² B{V {ZíM`:. gmÜ`mW}Vwbm¡{H$Ho$ dmŠ`mWm} ~w{ÕH$pënV: g§g{J©Ê`m: {H«$`m`m: VXmZr‘² A^mdoZVËg§gJ©ñ`m{n A^mdmV². AVmo dŠVw: AÑï>mW©dm{XËdoZ VÛmŠ`ñ` Aàm‘mÊ o@{nàd¥{Îmgm‘Ï`m©V² à‘o ~boZ¡d àm‘mÊ`‘².

{d{d{XfmXem`m§ lw{Vñ‘¥{VgyÌ^mJdVmXrZm§ ‘w»`àm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm : Vñ‘mV² gH$bà‘mU‘yY©Ý`Vm doXEd. VXW©{ZíM`íM VnAm{X{^:

gÝXohdmaH$-ñ‘¥{V-nwamU-‘r‘m§gm{X{^: M. AVmo Jm¡U‘w»`^mdñ` gËdmX² doXogÝXoho ^JdÒrVmdmŠ ¡: {ZU© :, VÌ gÝXoho ì`mggyÌ¡:, VX{déÕ¡: O¡{‘Zr ¡: M.VÌm{n gÝXoho lr^mJdVoZ, g‘mYm¡ AZw y ^JdXdVmaoU ì`mgoZ CŠVËdmV².

EVofm‘² BVaoVa{damoYo, `: H$píMX² AW©: ñd~wÕçm{XZm ^mgVo gmoAWm© mgB{V, VÛmŠ o@{n Am^mgËd‘² AmnmX`Vr{V MVwUm©‘² EH$dmŠ`Vm`m‘od{d{d{XfmXem`m§ àm‘mÊ`‘² B{V {ZíM`:.

{dÛÔem`m§ eãXàm‘mÊ`ì`dñWm : {dÛÔem`mÝVw gdª dmL²>‘`§ doXVwë`‘od VÀM àmJod Cnnm{XV‘². VWm

""nwê$f EdoX§ gdª'' (Z¥.ny.Vm.Cn.5&5) ""g AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘² AHw$éV''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7) BË`m{Xlw{Vä`:. ""AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gdª g¥Á`Vo g¥O{V à^w:Ìm`Vo Ìm{V {dídmË‘m {õ`Vo haVrída'' (^mJ.nwam.11&28&6) BË`mÚwn~¥§hUoä`:M AW©‘mÌñ` ^JdÐÿnËd‘². Ed§ g{V H«$sS>mW©‘odnm. o.78 Ad`dd¡bjÊ`m{XZmVVñVVmo ê$n oXñ od VmÑeVÎmÐÿnàË`m`ZmW©‘² Añ‘Xm{X‘wIoZ ZmZmdmŠ` oX

125 126

ñ`m{n ^JdV¡d H$aUmV² gd©ñ ¡d àm‘mÊ`‘².

ZM *{ZamH$m¬m@`mo½`dmŠ`mZm‘{n Xe©ZmX² XwîQ>mZm§ H$W§ doXVwë`Ëd‘²* B{VeL²H$Zr`‘², AmH$m¬mXrZm‘² AW©àË`m`ZmWª H$pënVËdoZ VX^mdo@{n dmŠ`ñÀXwîQ>ËdmV². EVoZ¡d ""AmH$m¬mÚ^mdo AdmŠ`Ëd‘²'' BË`{n {ZañV‘². dñVwV:gd©ñ` JdÐÿnËdmX² AàVmaH$moŠVmZm§ ""Xe Xm{S>‘m{Z'' BË`mXrZm‘² AZmH$m¬mUm§nXmW©{Zê$nH$ËdoZ, ""dpôZ: AZwîU:'' BË`mXrZm‘{n VÎmÐÿn^JdpÝZê$nH$ËdoZ,""dpôZZm {gÄM{V'' BË`mXrZm‘² A`mo½`mZm§ M H$Vw©‘² AH$Vw©‘² AÝ`WmH$Vwª^JdVmo Abm¡{H$H$gm‘Ï`m©X² dpôZê$nñ`m{n goH$H$aUVm`m: gå^doZ àm‘mÊ`ñÀ~mYmV². ì`dhmao@{n e¡Ë`nmdZËdm{X-àVrË`Wª ""J§Jm`m§ Ymof:'' BË`m{XdV²goMH$‘m¡» ©àVrË`Wª "dpôZ'nXñ` VX²dX²dm[abjH$ËdoZ M VX~mYmV².

AVmo {dÛÔemaå o AàVmaH$moŠV-dmŠ`mZm§ àm‘mÊ §, nyU©Xem`m§ Šdm{n ZAàm‘mÊ`‘²-B{V eãX: gdm}@{n dŠV¥XmofÝ`ŠH$maoU à‘mU‘od B{V {gÕ‘². VoZ""AË`ÝVmgË`{n kmZ‘W} eãX: H$amo{V {h'' (íbmoH$dm{V©.1&1&2&6) B{VA{^ wŠVmopŠV:, àVmaH$m{XdmŠ o@{n eãX: nXmW©‘mÌ‘² Anoú` kmZ§ OZ`Vr{VEVmdÝ‘mÌnam ~moÜ`m.

eãXàm‘mÊ`{Zê$nU{ZîH$f©… : AV: emãX§ kmZÄM eãXËdoZ eãXOÝ § namoj{ZíM`ê$n‘od, Y‘©gmÑíÒ-

g§ñH$ma-{dbjU-g§ñH$ma-OZH$ËdmV² M Z AZw{‘Ë`mXm¡ AÝV^m©d:.

Ho${MÎmw *dmŠ`mW©àVr{V: Z AZw d:, ñdJ©ZaH$m{XH§$ e¥ÊdVmo@{n ""VX²AZw dm{‘'' B{V àVrË`^mdmV²; {H$ÝVw, ñ‘¥{VËdm{Xì`mß`‘², AÝ`Ûm emãXËdm{XH§$Om{V: AZw d~bmX²* B{V Amhþ:.

VV² Z amoMVo, AZw{‘Ë`mXmd{n "AZw{‘Zmo{‘' BË`mÚZw^dmV² Vñ`m{nAZw d{^ÝZËdmnÎmo:. ZM BîQ>mn{Îm:, ñ‘¥{VËd-ì`mß`Vm-J‘H$ñ`m{n A^mdmV².àH$mamÝVar`Ëdo@{n Añ‘XmÚZw dmnoj`m nwamUdmŠ`ñ ¡d à~bËdoZ g§e`m{XfwA{Zdoeo {ZíM`Ëdì`mß`Vm`mEd wŠVËdmV².

`Îmw ""Xe‘: Ëd‘² A{g'' B{V dmŠ`mX² ""Xe‘mo Ah‘²'' BË`mH$maH§$àË`j§ Ho${MX² A“rMH«w$:, VX{n Z, eãXo "`wî‘V²'nXà`moJoU VÁOÝò kmZo"Ah‘²'BË`mH$mañ` dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV², nXOÝ`nXmonpñWVo… emãX~moYo VÝÌËdmV²"`wî‘V²'nXoZ ñdmW©{déÕàË`ŠËdñ` CnñWmn{`Vw‘² AeŠ`ËdmX², AÝ`WmA{Vàg“mnÎmo:. ZM *VÌ {dnarVbjU ¡d CnpñW{V:* B{V wŠV§, VWmg{VnamojkmZñ ¡d AmnË`m à{Vkmì`mKmVmV².

{H$ÄM AÌ "Ah§'nXoZ àË`j§ g“mVñ`, V{Û{eîQ>ñ`, {d{dŠVñ` dmAmË‘Zmo A{^‘V‘²? Z AmÚm¡, Anojm~wÕçm g“mVEd Xe‘ËdOZZmV²g§»`mkmZñ` nydª {dÚ‘mZËdmV² M AZÝYñ` eãXgmhM }U Mjwfm ‘Zgm dmÐmH²$ VÌ¡d Xe‘Ëdñ` ñ’y$V}: VmÑeàË`jo eãXH$aUVm`m… AeŠ`dMZËdmV².Z AÝË`:, àVr{M{df o{Q>.1~{h[apÝÐ`mUm‘{n Agm‘Ï }Z VXwnOrdH$ñ` bm¡{H$H$ñèãXñ` gwVam‘² Agm‘Ï`m©V². VÌ à‘o ~bmXod kmZm“rH$mao Ý`m`gmå`mX² AÝ`ÌH$aU‘² AÝVaoU VXmnÎmo:, VWmg{V ‘`m©Xm^“mnÎmo:, eãXñ`m{n AH$maUËdmnÎmo:M, H$aUmä wnm``mo: {dÚ‘mZËdoZ gmÜ`mW©dmŠ`mX{n "KQ>mZ`Zm{X'ê$nñ` AW©ñ`àË`jVmnÎmo: M. {H$ÄM MrËH$mam{XZm JOmo AZw‘r`Vo, `{X VoZ àË`j§ ñ`mV²,VXm AmH¥${Vn[a‘mUmXoa{n gmjmËH$ma: ñ`mV².

nañnamË`ÝVm^mdg‘mZm{YH$aU`mo… àË`jËdnamojËd`mo… AÌ gmL²H$`m©V²V`mo… Om{VËdhm{Zàg“… M. Vñ‘mV² eãXoZ namoj‘od ^d{V B{V {ZíM`….

1. àË`JmË‘ê$n{df o B{V AW©…(í`m).

Ed§ eãX{dMmao o {deofmñVo@Ì ~mo{YVm…&eof§ ì`mH$aUmX² ko § `VñVÝ‘V‘² AmÑV‘²&&

B{V eãX… g‘mßV….

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B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à‘mUn[aÀN>oXo à‘mH$aUñdê$n{Zê$nHo$ {ÛVr oH$ëbmobo

emãXà‘mH$aU{Zê$nH$mo {ÛVr`… Va“…g‘mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. EVofw íbmoHo$fw íbmoH$mZm§ eãXmZm§ VËH«$‘ñ` M J«ÝWH¥$V¡d ñd § Am

‘mV¥H$m`m§ n[adV©Z§ H¥$V§ VoZ H$ M ‘mV¥H$`mo… ^y`mZ² nmR>ôX… H«$‘ôX… MgÄOmV…. BhVw Am ‘mV¥H$m§ VXZwgm[aUr… I J K L> ‘mV¥H$m… AZwg¥ËèãXH«$‘`moOZm… H¥$Vm B{V {dko ‘². 2. Vñ` "M' B{V H$ nmR>o ZmpñV. 3. AH$ I nmR>ofw "OZZoZ¡d' BË`ñ` J«ÝWH¥$Vm ñdhñVmjaoU¡d A nmR>o "gånmXZo' B{VemoY…. 4. A nmR>o "{b“H$Ëd' B{V emoYZ§ àVr`Vo VWm{n A H$ I JnmR>ofw{b“H$ñ` B{V CnbãYo… AW©ñdmañ`g§ajUm`m{n Vñ ¡d J«hU‘². 5. M¡Ì‘² B{VI nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 6. BË`m{X Amhþ… B{V Am nmR>…. 7. gå~ÝYr B{V H$ Igå~ÝYm B{V A J K L> nmR>…. 8. ""g¡d...Xe©ZmX²'' BË`ÝVmo ^mJ… A J KL> M ‘mV¥H$mgw. 9. {dH$ënmH$a‘mÌ{‘X§ B{V A H$ nmR>…, {dH$ënmH$ma...B{VI nmR>…. 10. H$ nmR>o {Q>ßnUr-1V… Amaä` {Q>ßnUr-3n ©ÝV… H«$‘ì`Ë``moA Am nmR>mZwamoYoZ nwZ`m}{OV…. 11. qH${MÛ¡bjÊ` oXàË``mV² B{V H$ nmR>….12. VËd‘² B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 13. {d{MÌ~w{Õ B{V H$ nmR>…. 14."dñVwVñVw' BË`maä` "{df`Ëd‘mÌ‘² AW©…'BË`ÝVm Am emoY{ZH$m I J K L>nmR>oîd{n VWm. 15. Aì`{^MmamË‘Ho$ B{V Am emoY{ZH$m H$ L> M nmR>ofwZmonbä`Vo. 16. A Am I nmR>ofw gå~ÝYm{ZË`Ëdo B{V H$ nmR>… ewÕmo ^mVr{VJ¥hrV…. 17. ñ` B{V Am nmR>… H$ L> nmR>`mo… naà{gÕ§ B{V. 18. VÌgå~ÝYoZB{V Am nmR>mZwamoYoZ, "VÎmËgå~ÝYoZ' B{V A H$ nmR>`mo…. 19. Amd¥{Îmnjo B{VA Am Am{X gd}îd{n nmR>ofw, AmH¥${Vnjo B{V I nmR>o. 20. CnbãYñ` àmJodB{V H$ nmR>…. 21. ~«÷‘wIVmo B{V Am J nmR>mZwgmaoU. 22. ""`Îmw Z¡ m{`H$mÐþV{dbpå~V‘Ü`‘moXmÎmñd[aVmZwZm{gH$mZwZm{gH$ oXoZ ì`pŠV oXñ` H$Ëdm{XZmgmOmË`ñ`M Cnbå^mV² VX² AmXm ¡d àË`{^km B{V Amhþ… VX² Ag“V‘²'' B{VA ‘mV¥H$m`m§ {bpIVm n§pŠV… Am ‘mV¥H$m`m§ {ZañVm. 23. ""ZM... A{gÕo…''

BË`ÝVm n§pŠV… H$ nmR>o nmX{Q>ßnÊ`m§ mo{OVm A Am ‘mV¥H$`moñVw ‘ybo emoY{ZH¡$d.24. g epŠVJ«h§ b^Vo A Am H$ I M nmR>ofw. epŠVJ«hU‘² B{V K L> nmR>`mo….epŠV§ J«mh`{V B{V J nmR>…. 25. epŠVJ«hbm o B{V A Am Am{Xgd}fw nmR>ofw.epŠVJ«mhH$ËdoZ B{V J nmR>o. 26. g§ñH$mamYmZnj… B{VAm I nmR>mZwamoYoZ AH$ nmR>`mo… g§ñH$manj… B{V. 27. g§ñH$mamX² dm gd©eãXldU§ B{V H$ nmR>….28. ZmZmXoemo B{V I nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 29. lmoÌ oXoZ B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕmo^m{V. 30. dmÚ‘mZo B{V H$ nmR>… AewÕ…. 31. gd}fw nmR>ofw "í oZ' B{VCnbä`‘mZo{n AWm©ZwamoYoZ "Zmí oZ' B{V nmR>… J¥hrV…. 32. M dŠVì`ËdmX²B{V J ì`{V[aŠVo Z¡H$pñ‘ÝZ{n nmR>o Cnbä`Vo. 33. ZZw nyd©‘r‘m§gH$‘VoZ B{VH$ nmR>…. 34. ñ’$moQ>m»`… eãXmW© B{V H$ nmR>…. 35. `Ú{n "VX¡d' B{V AAm I nmR>ofw VWm{n H$ J nmR>mZwamoYmV² ñdma{gH$mWm©ZwamoYmV² M "VW¡d' B{VnmR>… J¥h² Vo. 36. lmoÌJ«mh² dñVw{Z B{V H$ nmR>…. 37. ñWm{ZZmo dmMH$ËdoZB{V H$ nmR>…. 38. dUm©Zm‘od dmMH$Ëd§ B{V I nmR>…. 39. ê$nmW©~moYmXe©ZmV²B{V H$ nmR>…, `Ú{n A J nmR>`mo… ê$nmWm©~moYmXe©ZmV² B{V Cnbä`Vo VWm{nAm I nmR>mZwamoYoZ ñdma{gH$mWm©ZwamoYoZm{n ê$nmWm©d~moYmXe©ZmV² B{V nmR>…J¥hrV…. 40. AÝd`mZwnpñWV¡… B{V A nmR>… AÝd`mZwnpñWVo B{V BVagd}nmR>mZwgmaoU. 41. epŠVdmXmoß §Jr{H«$`Vo B{V H$ nmR>…. 42. KQ>nXmZ`nX`mo…B{V H$ nmR>…. 43. ~moYH$maUVm`m… g‘wXm o n ©dgmZoZ¡d B{V AW©… B{V MnmR>o A{YH$‘² Cnbä`Vo. 44. AZw^do AmH$m§jm B{V H$ nmR>…. 45.nX{ZîR>~moYH$Ëdñ` epŠVËdo B{V H$ nmR>o A{YH§$ Ñí`Vo. 46. OZH$ñ` B{VI nmR>…. 47. ""ZM ì`mH$aUmXm¡... ‘w»`ËdmV²'' BË`ÝVm n§pŠV… A Am I MnmR>ofw Z Cnbä`Vo J¥hrVnmR>ñVw H$ J K L>nmR>mZwgmaoU. 48. B©Ñem§ B{V AInmR> mo… J nmR>o {dH$madVm‘² B{V emoYZmV² Vñ ¡d J«hU‘². 49. "Xm{S>‘mZrË`mXm¡'BË oVmdmZod A nmR>… "BË`{n wÁ`Vo' H$ J nmR>mZwamoYoZ. 50. Vofm‘² B{V A nmR>oZmpñV J¥hrVñVw H$ J nmR>mZwgmaoU. 51. "kmZV Ed pñWË`mXo[aîQ>ËdmÀM' B{VH$ J nmR>`mo…, kmZVpíMaH$mbpñWVo… BîQ>ËdmX² B{V A Am I nmR>ofw. 52.Añ‘Xm{X‘wIo B{V H$ I nmR>`mo…. 53. gd©ñ` ^JdÐÿnËdmV² {ZË`Ëd‘odo{V ZH$m{MX² AZwnn{Îm… B{V M nmR>o A{YH$‘² Cnbä`Vo. 54. Z M dU}fw VWmËdñ`Xwb© Ëd§ ""doXmjam{U mdpÝV...'' B{V H$ nmR>…. J¥hrVnmR>ñVw AÝ`gd©nmR>mZwgmaoU.55. ""ZM... A"rH$mamX²'' BË`ÝVm n§pŠV… Am nmR>rèmoYZ‘². 56. gdm©Wm©…B{V I nmR>…. 57. XodJmdmo dhpÝV B{V A nmR>… J¥hrVnmR>ñVw em~a^mî`mZwamoYoZ.

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58. Hw$VwH$H$m¡VwH$ B{V A K L> M nmR>ofw ZmpñV J¥hrVñVw Am nmR>emoY{ZH$mZwamoYmV².59. `… H$mbgmYH$ËdXoddm‘Ëdê$nmo B{V H$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 60.ñdJ©‘oégwdU©à^¥{Vfw B{V H$ nmR>…. 61. ""VÎdÝVw... emãX~moYñÀZw dgm{jH$ËdmX²'' BË`ÝV… ^mJ… A nmR>o ZmpñV, Am nmR>r`m emoY{ZH$m. H$nmR>oVw nmX{Q>ßnUrê$noU Cnbä`Vo. 62. AZZw~moYHo$ B{V Am nmR>o, ""ZVw~moYHo$'' B{V J nmR>o. 63. `Wm H${nËW‘ÊS>nm{XnXo B{V A nmR>o Zmonbä`Vo.64. nXo B{V J nmR>r § emoYZ‘². 65. J“mnXo B{V Am I nmR>`mo… "J“m' B{VH$ nmR>o. 66. A ‘mV¥H$m`m§ ‘ybñWmo{n A § "{Ûao’$...km`‘mZo' dmŠ`m§e… H$nmR>o {Q>ßnUrËdoZ AYñVmV² ñWm{nVmo Ñí`Vo. 67. AVEd Z `m¡{JH$ê${T>a{n B{VH$ nmR>o ZmpñV. 68. ’$bbjU...CÀ`ÝVo B{V Am J nmR>`mo… ‘ybo H$ nmR>o{Q>ßnÊ`m§ dV©Vo. 69. ""JÀN> JÀN>{g... AmXaUr`‘²''' BË`ÝVmo ^mJ… H$ JnmR>`mo… {dÚ‘mZ… Am emoY{ZHo${V A K L> M ‘mV¥H$mgw Zmonbä`Vo. 70.""ì §OZm{Zdm©h B{V VmËn ©‘od AmXaUr`‘²'' B{V H$ J nmR>`mo… Am I nmR>`moñVw""ì`ÄOZm§ {dZm {Zdm©hB{V VmËn ©‘² AZmXaUr`‘²'' B{V. 71. "Cd{UÀ`bo'B{V H$ I nmR>`mo…, "C~{UÀ`bo' B{V A J nmR>`mo…, J¥hrVnmR>ñVwJmWmgßVeVr‘ybmZwamoYoZ. 72. ""Z M eãX~w{ÕH$‘©Um§... VX²^rVoa^mdmX²''BË`ÝVmo ^mJmo A nmR>o ZmpñV Am emoY{ZH$m. 73. ~moÜ`Vo B{V {d{eîQ>... B{VA Am I nmR>ofw, J¥hrVnmR>ñVw H$ J M nmR>mZwgmaoU. 74. Ed§ qZXmW©dmXo{n B{VH$ nmR>o ZmpñV. 75. BË`m{Xfw lwVo… B{V A Am I nmR>`mo…, J¥hrVnmR>ñVw H$J M nmR>mZwgmaoU. 76. àdV©H$Ëd‘{n AWm©X² Am`mV‘² B{V H$ nmR>…. 77.""VoZ AW©dmXmo{n... A^mdmX²'' BË`ÝVmo mJmo A H$ nmR>`mo… ZmpñV J¥hrVnmR>ñVw0 nmR>rèmoYZmZwamoYoZ. 78. H«$sS>mW©‘² "Ed' B{V Am nmR>rèmoYZ‘².

*àË`jà‘mH$aU{Zê$nH$… V¥Vr`… Va“"…*

àË`jñ` bjU§ VÌ àË`jo Mjwam{X oXoZ fQ²> H$aUm{Z B{V {Zê$nU‘² :

AW àË`j§ {Zê$ß`Vo :-

""BpÝÐ`mË‘H§$ à‘mU§''=àË`j‘².

XmofXwï>opÝÐ`dmaUm` "à‘mU‘²' B{V, eãXm{XdmaUm` "BpÝÐ`'- B{V. Vm{ZMjw…-ËdJ²-K«mU-agZ-ldU-‘Zmo oXoZ fQ²>.

‘Z… BpÝÐ § Zo{V ‘Vñ` {Zamg… : `Îmw *‘Zmo Z BpÝÐ`‘², ""BpÝÐ oä`… nam h² Wm© h² W}ä`íM na§ ‘Z…''

(H$R>mon.1&3&10) ""‘Z… gd}pÝÐ`m{U M'' (Zmam.Cn.1•‘wÊS>-Cn.2&1&3)BË`m{XlwVm¡ ôX{ZX}emV². ""‘Z… fîR>mZrpÝÐ`m{U'' (^J.JrVm.15&7) B{V^JdÛmŠ`ÝVw ""Ò‘mZnÄM‘m…... BS>m§ ^j`pÝV'' (e.n.~«m÷.2&4&4&25)""doXmZÜ`mn`m‘mg ‘hm^maVnÄM‘mZ²'' (~«÷m.nwam.2&3&35&14) BË`mXm¡ `WmAZ¥pËdOmo O‘mZñ` AdoXñ` ‘hm^maVñ` M nÄMËdg§»`mnyaH$Ëd§ VÛV² ‘Zg…fQ²>Ëdg§»`mnyaH$ËdoZm{n CnnÚVo* B{V Ho${MX² Amhþ….

VV² Z, ""BpÝÐ`mUm§ ‘ZíMmpñ‘'' (^J.JrVm.10&22) BË`ñ` {damoYmV².ZM *BX§ {d^y{VËd‘mÌJ‘H§$ ""ZjÌmUm‘² Ah§ eer'' (^J.JrVm.10&21)""kmZ§ kmZdVm‘² Ah‘²'' (^J.JrVm.10&38) BË`m{XdV² ZVw VÁOmVr`Ëdñ`m{n*

B{V dmÀ §, ~mYH$m^mdmV². CŠVlwVo… CËH$f©‘mÌnaËdo- Zm{n CnnÎmo…. e{e{ZZjÌì`dhmañ`-kmZo M VÛÎmmì`dhmañ`-AXe©ZmV², VÌ VÝ‘mÌnaËdo@{n, AÝ`ÌVWm dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². ZM {d{ZJ‘Zm{dah…, àm`nmR>oZ¡d {ZU© mV² ""BpÝÐ`m{UXe¡H§$ M''

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(^J.JrVm.13&5) B{V dmŠ`mV² M. ZM *BX§ XÎmmoÎma‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘², AÌVWm dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV², VWmg{V BpÝÐòä`… nydª ""‘hm^yVmÝ`h§H$mamo~w{Õaì`ŠV‘od M BpÝÐ`m{U Xe¡H§$ M nÄM MopÝÐ`JmoMam…'' (^J.JrVm.13&15)B{V nydm©Y} ~wÕçm gh¡d H«$‘… ñ`mV², ""hñVm{X...''(~«.gy.2&4&6) gyÌo àmUJUZm`m§^JdVm ì`mgoZm{n A“rH$mamV² M.

Ûm BpÝÐ`Ëd‘² A{ZpÝÐ`Ëd§ M B{V C^`‘{n AñVw {H«$`mkmZ- ‘`ËddV²,`‘o XodËd{nV¥Ëd`mo[ad C^`mo… {Zdoeo@{n ~mYH$m^mdmV², BpÝÐ`Ëdñ` AOm{VËdmV².ZM ^mdm^md{damoYmo, Y‘m©ÝVaËdñ`m{n CnJÝVw§ eŠ`ËdmV². ZM *A{ZpÝÐ`ËdoH«$‘{damoY…* eL²H$ç…, CËH$f©‘mÌmW©‘od A{ZpÝÐ`ËdmXaUmX² B{V {XH²$.

MjwamXrpÝÐ`J«mh² {df`mUm§ ñdê$n‘² : EVofm‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ ñdê$nÝVw-AUwV‘‘² AVrpÝÐ`‘² A{ZË`§ {MañWm{`

{dH$m[a M, B{V-AJ«o à‘o àH$aUo dŠVì`{‘{V, gmåàV§ VÚmo½`{df`m{XH$‘odCÀ`Vo à‘mU{d^mJkmZm“©ËdmV².

VÌ Mjw m}½`m…-CX² yVê$n§, VÛmZ²nm. o.1, CX yVê$ndÝ‘mÌd¥Îm`…, g§»`m-n[a‘mU-n¥WŠËd-g§ moJ-{d^mJ-naËdmnaËd-doJm…, H$‘© M VXr §, Vofm§ Om{V…,VËg‘dm`… M B{V. ñZohÐdËdoVw Ëd½J«mhço B{V dú`Vo. "‘mÌ'nX§dm`wKQ>g§`moJm{XdmaUm`. AmH$meñ`Vw Z g§`moJ… à‘mUm^mdmV², Vñ` ñne}AÝV^m©dñ` dú`‘mUËdoZ VÌ VX^mdmV² M. "g‘dm`'nX‘² AÌ VmXmËå`dmMH§$ko`‘². VÌ Ðì`MmjwfËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V CX²^yVê$ndËdoZ `mo½`Vm. AV…na‘mU w {nemMmXrZm‘ ² CX ²^ yVê$nm^md oZ ¡d Mjwfm AJ «hm o , ZV w‘hËdgm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`‘{n VÌ {ZdoeZr`‘², Aà`moOH$ËdmV², na‘mUwfwCX²^yVê$ngÎdo `wŠË`^mdmX² B{V. Ed§ Ðì`JVY‘©MmjwfËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{VCX² yVê$ndÝ‘mÌd¥{ÎmËdoZ `mo½`Vm. Y‘©JVOmË`m{XMmjwf§ à{V `mo½`Ðì`-d¥{Îm-d¥{ÎmËdoZ gm ~moÜ`m. CX² yVËdÄM Am{d y©VËd‘² AZwX² yVËd§ M {Vamo yVËd‘²-B{V M J«hUo@{nnm. o.2 nydª ê$nñ` J«hU§, ‘w»`V`m Vñ ¡d {df`ËdmV², VVmoÐì`mXrZmÝVw ê$nÛmaH$‘²nm. o.3 B{V ~moÜ`‘².

~mh² mñVw, *ê$nmÚ{V[aŠV§ Ðì § Z* BÀN>pÝV, VÎmw AmJ‘mnm{`fw ê$nm{XfwpñWaËdoZ KQ>mXo… AZw y ‘mZËdmXod {ZañV‘².

AW ËdJ²-`mo½`m…-CX² yVñne©…, VÛmZ², CX² yVñne©dÝ‘mÌd¥Îm`… CŠVJwUmX`…,Vofm§ Om{V…, VËg‘dm`… M. ZM *dm w… dm wn[a‘mU§ M ËdMm Z J¥hçVo* B{VdmÀ §, ""dm w… dm{V'' ""ñdënmo dm w…'' ""‘hmZ² dm w…'' BË`mÚZw dmnbmnàg"mV².

Ed§ K«mU`mo½`m…-CX² yVmo JÝY…, VÛmZ², VÁOm{V…, VËg‘dm`… M.

Ed§ agZm`mo½`m…-CX² Vmo ag…, VÛmZ², VÁOm{V…, VËg‘dm`… M.

lmoÌ`mo½`m…-CX² yV… eãX…, VÛmZ², VÁOm{V… M B{V.

AÝ oVw *K«mUagZldUmZm§ Ðì`J«mhH$Ëd§ Z* BÀN>pÝV.

VV² Z Añ‘mH§$ amoMVo, V‘{g agZ`m Xw½YmXo…, K«mUoZ MånH$mXo…, ldUoZô`m©Xo…, AZw^dñ` ì`mpßVkmZ{dYwamUm‘{n Xe©ZmX², AZwì`dgm`{damoYoZñ‘¥{Vê$nËdñ` VÌ dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV² M. ZM *CnZrV^mZ§ VX²* B{V dmÀ §,VWmËdo ‘mZm^mdmX² K«mUmXrZm§ Ðì`mJ«mhH$Ëdñ`nm. o.4 Aä wnJ‘¡H$eaUËdmX² B{V{XH²$. VoZ CX² yVVÎmÒþUm n¥{Wdr nÄMmZm‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ `mo½`m, VmÑí`… AmnmoK«mUì`{V[aŠVmZm§ MVwUmª, VmÑe§ VoOmo K«mUagZ{^ÝZmZm§ Ì`mUm§, VmÑemo dm w…ËdH²$ldU`mo… Û`mo…, AmH$meñVw à‘o ~bmXod Mmjwf…, CX² yVeãXñVw lmdUmo@{nà{VÜd{ZldUoZ J ©J¥hmÚmH$memdJ‘mV². {XŠH$mbm¡Vw J«mh² mW©{deofUV ¡d J¥h² oVoZ gmjmV². ‘ZgñVw H$m‘mX`mo d¥ÎmÈd ‘ZmoJ«mhçm….

Ho$dbmË‘Z… BpÝÐ`mJ«mh² Ëd{Zê$nU‘² :

133 134

AmË‘mVw, Ho$db…, emñÌr`gmYZ‘² AÝVaoU Z àË`jmo, VWmnm. o.5 VÕ‘m©…M. {H$ÄM ""Ho$dbmË‘m bm¡{H$H$àË`jm{df`… {d wËdmX² AmH$mem{XdV². ñdmË‘mbm¡{H$H$àË`jm`mo½`… AmË‘ËdmV² namË‘dX²'' B{V AÝd`ì`mßË`m VpÝZíM`mV²,{gÕmÝVoVw,{Q>.1 ""`ÝZ ñn¥epÝV Z {dXw‘©Zmo- ~wÕrpÝÐ`mgd…'' (^mJ.nwam.6&16&23)B{V dmŠ`mV²; VWm, AUwËdmV² na‘mUwdX² B{V AZw‘mZmV² M. "Ah§'~w{ÕñVw{Q>.2

nQ>md¥VKQ>~w{ÕdX² Ah§H$mag§gJ©Ûm[aH$m ì`dhmamon`mo{JËdmV² à‘m^mgê$n¡d,AhÝVmVmXmËå`^mZoZ «‘ê$nËdmV². ""`ÝZ ñn¥epÝV Z{dXw‘©Zmo~wÕrpÝÐ`mgd…''(^mJ.nwam.6&16&23) B{V dmŠ o ‘Zgmo Ag§gJm©{XH$WZmV² M.

V‘…à{V{~å~m{XJ«hUàUmbr : V‘…-à{V{~å~-JÝYd©ZJaoÝÐOmbm{X-àVr{Va{n nXmW©ñd^mdmXodo{V, Z

VÌ H$m ©H$maU^mdmÝVamnojm Zm{n Vm‘gopÝÐ`ñ`nm.ô.6.

AÝYH$mañW-KQ>m{XfwVw Z¥Mjw… à{V ‘m``m V‘moOZZmV² VXod {df`r{H«$`Vo,ZVw {df`… VXmd¥VËdmV². EdÄM {df`mbmoH$g§ moJñ` ghH$m[aVm{n Z H$ënZr`m,A^mñda-Ðì`-Mmj wfËdmdpÀN >ÝZ § nm.^ o .7 à{V X y aËd-ì`dYmZm^mdm{X{d{eîQ>nm. o.8ñ` {df`V ¡d {Zdm©hmX², ""`Wm{h mZmoéX`mo Z¥Mjwfm§V‘mo {ZhÝ`mX² ZVw VX² {dYÎmo'' (^mJ.nwam.11&28&34) B{V dmŠ o ^JdVmgy`m}X`ñ` Z¥Mjw…-gå~pÝY-V‘mo-{ZdmaH$ËdoZ¡d H$WZoZ AmbmoH$g§`moJñ`{df`m{Xg§ñH$maH$Vm`m… {déÕËdmV². EdÄM CbwH${~S>mbmXrZm‘²

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V‘…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&3&14) B{V dÜ`KmVH${damoYH$WZmV² M. {deofñVwAÝYH$madmXo Añ‘m{^… ànpÄMVB{V Z Bh àVÝ`Vo.

VWm à{V{~å~ñ`m{n nXmWm©ÝVaËd§ VX²dmXmXod Adgo ‘².

VÝÝ`m oZ JÝYd©ZJamXoa{n, ‘m{`H$Ëdñ` gd©Ì Vwë`ËdmV².

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A^mdñVw, H$maUo Am{d^m©d{Vamo md`mo… M, `Wmgå^d‘² AÝV ©dVr{VVX²J«mhH$gm‘½a²ç¡d J¥h² Vo. H$W‘² AÝV^m©d…? B{V MoX² CÀ`Vo. àmJ^mdÜd§gm¡g‘dmæ`dñWm{deofê$nm¡:-

(1)""{Vamo mdghH¥$Vm H$m`m©{d^m©dmZwHy$bmdñWm''=àmJ^md….(2)""VmÑer H$m`©pñW{Và{VHy$bmdñWm''=Üd§g…

B{V, VX{VaoHo$ ‘mZm^mdmV².

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{H$ÄM AZ`m àVrË`m AmnmÚ‘mZ… àmJ^md… qH$ gH$bKQ>à{V`mo{JH$…EH$… CV `pËH$pÄMÎmÎmËà{V`mo{JH$mo Z¡H$…?

Z AmÚ…, Vñ` à{V`mo{JZmí`ËdmonJ‘mX² `pËH$pÄMX²KQ>moËnÎmmd{nVÝZmegå^do ""BXmZr‘² AÌ H$nmbo KQ>mo ZmpñV-BXmZr‘² AÌ KQ>àmJ^md…''

135 136

B{V àVr{V~mYmnÎmo…. ZM *gH$bà{V`mo{JZmí`… g…* B{V dmÀ §, VWm g{VEH$pñ‘Z² KQ>o CËnÝZo@{n VËàmJ^mdmZmemV² VXd`dËdoZ àVr`‘mZofw H$nmboîd{n""A § KQ>mo ZmpñV•AÌ EVX²KQ>àmJ^md…'' B{V àVrË`mnÎmo…. ZM *à{V`mo{JgÎm`màVr{Và{V~ÝYmV² Z Xmof…* B{V dmÀ §, VWm g{V àmJ^mdà{V`mo{JZmo… EH$ÌpñWVm¡ gH$b-à{V`mo{J-Zmí`Ëdñ`m{n A wpŠVghËdmV², à{V`mo{JZm§ ZídaËdoZgm’$ë`ñ`m{n AeŠ`dMZËdmX², Ed§ ZmeH$m{Zdm©À`Ëdo ""{dZmí`@^md…àmJ^md…'' B{V bjUmgå^mdmnÎmo… M. ZM *JÝYmÚZ{YH$aUH$mb- d¥Ë`^mdËdñÀÑï>ËdmdpÀN>ÝZmZ{YH$aU-H$mb-d¥Ë`^mdËdñ` dm VëbjUñ` gËdmV² ZbjUmgå^d…* B{V dmÀ §, g¥pîQ>nyd©Xem`m§ OÝ`kmZgm‘½a²ç^mdoZ kmVw… A^mdmV²VXm VËgËdñ` Aàm‘m{UH$ËdoZ AZdganamhVËdmV². B©ída… ní`{V B{V MoV²V{h© VXmk`m ‘§ñ`m‘mo Z ^dÛmMm B{V {XH²$.

Z {ÛVr`m o , A^mdkmZñ` Y{‘ ©à{V`m o {JkmZmYrZV`m VXmZtà{V`mo{JkmZm^mdoZ VËàmJ^mdñ` kmVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². KQ>ËdoZ ê$noUà{V`m o {JkmZm“rH$ ma o àmJ^mdñ`m{n gH$bà{V`m o {Jgm‘mÝ`Vm`m §nyd©{dH$ënr`XyfUmnÎmo…. ZM *KQ>Ëdm{Xê$n-gm‘mÝ`bjU-àË`mgË`m^m{dKQ>{df`H$ bm¡{H$H$kmZñ` g§ñH$mademX² CnZrV^mZñ` dm eŠ`dMZËdmV²Z Ed‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘², AZw^dm^mdoZ ^m{dKQ>{df`H$g§ñH$mañ` A^mdoZCnZrV^mZñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV². Abm¡{H$H$kmZnjo@{n nydª gH$bKQ>m{X{df`H$-VmÑekmZmoÎma§ àmJ^mdñ` à{V`mo{JZmí`ËdmZwgÝYmZmX², {damoYà{VgÝYmZo{Q>.1 VV²gL²H$moMZr`‘². nydª VmÑeà{VgÝYmZo gL²Hx${MV‘od VX² CËnÚVo B{V

1. gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ oZ V`mo… pñWVo… Agå^dmV² (J).dm dŠVì`‘². VXwÎmaÄM ^m{dKQ>r`àmJ^mdkmZ§ dŠVì`‘². VWm g{V

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EVoZ¡d ""KQ>mo ^{dî`{V'' B{V àË`òZm{n VËàVr{Va{n AnmñVm,^{dî`ÎmmàË``ñ` V¡Z¡d gå^dmV².

Zm{n AZw‘o Ëd‘². VWm{h ""H$nmb§ KQ>àmJ^mddV² KQ>r`-Ma‘- gm‘J«rdËdmX²`mo ÀMa‘gm‘J«rdmZ² g VËàmJ^mddmZ² nQ>r`-Ma‘-gm‘J«r- {d{eîQ>-VÝVwdX²''BË`m{Xfw à`moJofw àmJ^mdê$n-gmÜ`VmdÀN>oXH$mdpÀN>ÝZ- gmÜ`mà{gÕçmAZw‘mZmgå^dmX² B{V. AV… VX²nm. o.9J«mhH$-‘mZm^mdmV² gm‘{`H$mË`ÝVm^mdoZm{nàVr{V{Zdm©hmV² M Z àVrË`m{XZm VpËg{Õ….

*ZZw ‘mñVw àVrË`m{XZm VpËg{Õ…. VWm{n KQ>ËdoZ H$nmbËdoZ gm‘mÝ`-H$m`©-H$maU-^mdo gË`{n, EVoä`… H$nmboä`… EVX²KQ>moËnÎmm¡ H$nmbËdoZ{Z`‘mgå^dmX², EVËH$nmbËdoZ {Z`‘m“rH$mao M {d{ZJ‘mZm{da- hmX²,~hþH$nmbOÝ o KQ>o Jm¡adJ«mgmV² M VÔoe{Z`m‘H$… H$píMX² dŠVì`…. VmÑeíM^mdm^md`mo… ‘Ü o Z àmJ^mdmX² AÝ`B{V, VÔoe{Z`m‘H$V`m àmJ^md… goËñ`{V*

B{V MoV²,

‘¡d§, gËH$m`©dmXo H$m`©ñ` H$maUo gVEd A{^ì`ŠVo…, H$maUmXodXoe{Z`‘gå^doZ M VWm{gÕo… Aä`wnJ‘¡H$eaUËdmX², ~hþH$nmbo KQ>o@{ng‘wXm`ñ ¡d H$maUËdoZ Jm¡adm^mdmV², ídmo m{dZmo AÚ A^mdoZ VËH$mbd¡{eîQ>çñÀmdí`H$V`m VoZ¡d {Zdm©hmV² M. ZM *àmJ^mdm- Z“rH$mao CËnÝZñ` nwZ…CËn{Îmàg“…, H$mbm onmYrZm § H « ${‘H$ËdoZ VÛ¡{eîQ>ç-{Vam o^mdH¥$V-gm‘J«r{dKQ>ZmXod VX^md{gÕo…. AVmo Z Ed‘{n àmJ^md{g{Õ…. ZM *`ÌnŠdo KQ>o wJnV²nm. o.10 ñne©ê$nagJÝYmZm§ nmH$OmZm‘² CËn{Îm…, VÌ, H$maUñ`H$mbd¡{eîQ>çñ` M gmYmaUËdmV² VmÑeñnem©{XàmJ^md§ {dZm Z {Zdm©h…* B{VeL²H$ç§, VmÑe{dn[aUm‘ñ` nmH$ghH¥$V-ñnem©{Xñd^mdoZ¡d gå^dmV², ñd^mdñ`Y‘©ËdoZ VËH$ënZo@{n bmKdmV² M. Ed‘² Aì`mß`d¥{Îmg§ moJmXo… VÎmXdÀN>oXoZCËnÎmmd{n H$maUñd^mdñ`¡d {Z`m‘H$Ëd§ ~moÜ`‘². ZM *àmJ^mdmZ“rH$maoH$maUearao à{dîQ>ñ` nyd©d{V©Ëdñ` H$W§ J«hU§ Vñ` àmJ^mdmdpÀN>ÝZ-g‘`d{V ©Ëdê$nV`m àmJ^mdJ «hmYrZËdmX ² * B{V dmÀ`‘ ²,Am{d^m©dH$eŠË`mYmaËdñ`¡d H$maUËdoZ "nyd©d{V©Ëd'K{Q>VbjUñ`¡dAZmXaUr`ËdoZ VX²J«hUñ` AZmdí`H$ËdmX². Amdí`H$Ëdo@{n H$m ©{df`H$m{J«‘-

137 138

OZZ-kmZoZ ¡d VX²J «hUgå^dmX². AÝ`Wm àmJ^mdñ`m{n H$maUËdoZVpÝZîR >n yd ©d{V ©Ëdñ`m{n àmJ^mdK{Q >VV`m VX ²J «hU o AmË‘ml` oUàmJ^mdH$maUVm{XkmZñ`m{n Agå^dmnÎm o…. àmJ^mdñ` km`‘mZ-H$maUmdñWm{deof-ì §½`ËdoZ Vñ` M CŠVarË`m àmJ^mdkmZmYrZkmZH$ËdoZMH«$H$mnÎmo… M. ZM *Vñ` Z H$maUmdñWmì §½`Ëd‘²* B{V dmÀ §, KQ>OZZmHy$bm§H$maUmdñWm‘² Aní`V… H$ñ`m{n ""Bh KQ>mo {dî`{V, BXmZr‘² AÌ KQ>àmJ^md…''B{V ~wÕçZwXòZ VWmËdñ` Vdm{n Amdí`H$ËdmV². ZM *Aä`mgnmQ>dmXodCX`gå^dmV² Z VWm* B{V dmÀ`§, VWm g{V H$maUmXe©Zo@{n VXwX`mnÎmo….Vñ‘mV²{Q>.1 Z H$maUmdñWm{V[aŠV… àmJ^md….

(2)VWm Üd§gmo@{n, H$m ©pñW{Và{VHy$bm§ H$maUmdñWm§ ní`VEd ""Bh KQ>moÜdñV…'' BË`m{XàË``mV². ZM *gm‘{`H$mË`ÝVm^mdñ` KQ>mà{VHy$bËdmX²Üd§gmZ“rH$mao KQ>m oÝ‘ÁOZmn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ`§, VmÑJdñWm`m… gËdmV²{Z{‘Îm{dKQ>ZmV² M VWm AmnmX{`Vw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². `ÌM AdñWm{Vamo md…VÌ CÝ‘ÁOZo@{n ~mYH$m^md…. AVEd Vm‘«m{XKQ>ofw ^“moÎma‘{n {Z{‘ÎmmÝVaoUnwZ…gÝYmZ‘{n wÁ`Vo. Vñ` KQ>mÝVaËdm“rH$mañVw Ho$db‘² Aä wnJ‘¡H$- eaUB{VeãX{ZË`VmdmXmopŠV{Xe¡d AdJÝVì`‘².

1. H$m ©ñ`(H$) A^md-(J) àVrVo… gm‘{`H$mË`ÝVm^mdoZ {Zdm©hmX², Xoe{Z`‘ñ`H$mbd¡{eï>çoZ gå^dmV² nyd©d{V©Ëdñ` A{J«‘OZZkmZoZ¡d gå^dmV² M B{VAW©…(H$.J)

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ZM "Üd§g'-"àmJ^md'eãXm{^bmn~mY…, "H$m ©-H$maUm'{XeãX- dV²-gmnojd¥{ÎmH$ËdoZ H$m ©pñW{V‘² A{J«‘OZZ§ M Anoú` H$maUEd VX{^bmnñ`gwIoZ¡d CnnÎmo…. Ed§ "^m{d'-"ÜdñV'eãXmd{n A{J«‘OZZ-nyd©pñWVr Anoú`,gËòd H$m`} à`wÁòVo Z Ag{V, VoZ OZZmZwHy$b-H$maUmdñWm-{Zê$nH$Ëd§

^m{dËd§ pñW{Và{VHy$bH$maUmdñWm{Zê$nH$Ëd§ ÜdñVËd‘² B{V ~moÜ`‘². ZM*àmJ^mdÜd§gXem`m§ H$m`©gÎdo VÔe©Zàg“…* eL²H$Zr`…, gm¡úå`mXodVX^mdmonnÎmo…. gyú‘ËdÄM AZwX² yVmH¥${VH$Ëd‘².

gËH$m`©dmXànÄM… CËn{ÎmdmXXyfU§ M Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mddmXo gå`J²Cnnm{XV{‘{V Z Bh V{ÛñVa….

Vñ‘mX² Üd§gmo@{n H$maUmdñWmVmo Z A{V[aÀ`Vo.

(3)AÝ`moÝ`m^mdñVw : à{V`mo{JVmdÀN>oXH$mamonmndmX-bjUH$Ëdoà { V ` m o { J V m d À N > o X H $ V m - { Z ` m ‘ H $ - g å ~ Ý Y m d p À N > Ý Z -à{V`m o {JVmdÀN> oXH$ mË`ÝVm^mdê$nËd o M AË`ÝVm^mdEd,VmXmËå`gå~ÝYmdpÀN>ÝZ-à{V`mo{JVmH$m^md-ê$nËdoVw A{V[aŠV….

VÌ A{V[aŠVnjo ""KQ>… nQ>mo Z'' BË`m{XàË``ñ` VmXmËå`gå~ÝYmamon-nyd©H$-VX^mdmdJm{hV`m à{V`mo{J-{Vamo^md-gL²H$rUm©Zw`mo{J-ñdê$n{df-`ËdmV² ñdê$nEd {Z{deVo. `{XM VÌ ""KQ>à{V`mo{JH$mÝ`moÝ`m^mddmZ² nQ>…''B{V ~moY… AmnmÚVo VXm n¥WH$ËdEd {Z{deVo. VÀM Am{d^m©d{deofEd,Vñ ¡d BVaì`mdV©H$ËdmX² BVaì`md¥ÎmËdmV² M. ""A`‘² Añ‘mX² {^ÝZmo AÝ`…n¥WJ²'' BË`m{X-ì`dhma-gmYH$ËdoZ Vñ` Am{d^m©dm{VaoHo$ ‘mZm^mdmV². ""KQ>…nQ>mo Z'' BË`Ì nÄMå`^mdñVw AZwemgZm^mdmV² ñdê$nmË‘H$ËdmX² do{V ZVoZm{n A{VaoH${g{Õ….

ZM *BVa{Vamo mdEd KQ>mnQ>mÚm{d^m©d…nm. o.11 * B{V dmÀ §, Vñ` ì`mß`-d¥{ÎmËdo KQ>màVr{Vàg“mX², Aì`mß`d¥{ÎmËdo Vñ`m{n {Vamo mdmÝVa§ H$ënZr`‘²B{V H$ënZm Vm¡ë`mV², AVmo ^md‘wIàVrVo… ""Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mdm¡ eŠVr d¡‘wad¡[aU…'' ( ) B{VdmŠ`mV² M Am{d^m©dmä wnJ‘ñ` Amdí`H$ËdmV² ZmJ-Vm‘«¡Š o{Q>.1 H$m§ñ`dX² A{d{dŠVm¡ {dd{jV-dñËdm{d- m©d-V{XVa-{Vamo mdmdod

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n ¥WŠËd‘ ². Vñ` ^mdàVrË`m{YŠ`mÀM Am{d^m ©d{de ofËd § V oZn¥WŠËdJ«mhH$gm‘½a²ç¡d VX²J«h….

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àË`jH$aUê$nmUm‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ fS²>{dY-ì`mnmañdê$n{Zê$nU‘² : VÌ BpÝÐ`m{U CŠVm{Z. Vofm§ ì`mnmamo {dMm ©Vo àË`mg{Îmê$n….

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g VmdV² bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$- oXoZ {ÛYm. VÌ Abm¡{H$H$… {ÌYm : (H$)gm‘mÝ`-(I)`moJO-(J)‘m`m-ôXmV².

(H$)VÌ gm‘mÝ`‘² AZwJVmH$maoU VX²ì`pŠVkmZo Cn wÁ`Vo, Vñ` VWmËdÄMAZw^d{gÕ§, (I){ÛVr`m o AZmJVmVrVmVrpÝÐ`m{X-dñVwgmjmËH$ma o,^JdX²Ü`mZmXoa{n AÌ¡d {Zdoe…, (J)V¥Vr`mVw A{dÚ‘mZmZm§ nXmWm©Zm§ ~wÕm¡ CnñWmnZo.AVEd Z¡`m{`H$mZm§ kmZo àË`mg{Îm^«‘…. EV`moíM VWmËd§ emñÌ{gÕ‘²,""AZmJV‘VrVÄM dV©‘mZ‘VrpÝÐ § {dàH¥$îQ>§ ì`d{hV§ gå`H²$ ní`pÝV mo{JZ…''(^mJ.nwam.10&61&21) ""`XL²>¿`«ZwÜ`mZg‘m{YYm¡V`m {Y`mZwní`pÝV {h

VÎd‘mË‘Z…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&4&21) ""^ŠË`m ‘m‘{ÔmZm{V'' (^J.JrVm.18&55)""Vngm ~«÷ {d{Okmgñd'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.3&3) ""G$Vo@Wª `V² àVr oV Z àVr oVMmË‘{Z VX² {dÚmX² AmË‘Zmo ‘m`m‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&35) BË`m{XdmŠ`mV².

bm¡{H$H$ñVw nÄM{dY…nm. o.12 :- (H$)g§ moJ… (I)VmXmËå § (J)g§ wŠVVmXmËå § (K)g§ wŠV{deofUVmXmËå § (L>)ñdê$n§ M

B{V oXmV².

VÌ Mjwfm Ðì`J«ho g§ moJEd àË`mg{Îm….

Ho${MÎmw *BVaopÝÐ`d¡bjÊ`mV² Mjwfmo Aàmß`àH$meH$m[aËd§ ñdrH¥$Ë` XyaËd-ì`dYmZm^md-ghH¥$V`mo½`Vm-‘mÌoU àVr{V{Zdm©hmV² VËg§ moJ§ Z* ñdrHw$d©pÝV.

AÝ oVw *ZoÌopÝÐ`JmobH$ñ` ñdÀN>ËdoZ VÌ dñVwZ… à{V{~å~o g{V mo½`Vm‘mÌoU‘m`mÛm[aH$m§ àmpßV§ ñdrH¥$Ë` g§ moJñ` ÛmaËd§* IÊS>`pÝV.

VX² C^`‘{n Ag“V§, ^JdVm g§ moJñdrH$mamV², ""MjwñËdîQ>[a g§ moÁ`ËdîQ >ma‘{n Mjw{f VÌ ‘m § ‘Zgm Ü`m`Z ² {díd§ ní`{V X yaV…''(^mJ.n w a m.11&15&20) B{V EH$mXe o ^JdÛmŠ`mV ² . AÌVÎmËà{V`mo{JH$g§`moJÛ`{Zê$nUoZ `mo½`Vm-à{V{~å~-njmZ“rH$mamV²,{Q>.1 ""XyaoKQ>§ ní`m{‘...{ZH$Q>o h[a¨ ní`m{‘'' BË`m{X gmd©OZrZm~m{YVàË``mV² M,{Z{~S>V‘-H$mMmÚÝV[aVmonbpãYñVw A½Zo… ñWmbrôXH$ËddV² Mjw…{H$aUmZm§ñdÀN>H$mMm{X oXH$ËdmX{n g“ÀN>Vo. AVEd JmobH$ñ` gpÀN>ÐVm{n {ZañVmko m. Y«wdm{X{df`n ©ÝV§ JVmZm§ nwZ… AÝV…àdoeñVw ‘ZgBd doJmX{n gånÚVo.Ed§ XyfUmÝVa‘{n {ZagZr`‘², Añ` emñÌñ` AH$mën{ZH$ËdmV². à{V{~å~ñVwAXÊS>dm[aVËdmX² ^d{V. VoZ ‘m`m{n àË`m``Vr{V Mjwfm y mokmZ‘² CËnÚVo

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VoOñg§`moJ~mhþë`Bdo{V Z Vñ` JVmW©Vm. AVEd BpÝÐ`mÝVamnoj`m Mjwfmy mokmZ‘{n wÁ`Vo. Vñ‘mX² ApñV Mjwf… g§ moJmo Ðì`J«hUo ì`mnma….

gEd `mo½`-JwU-{H«$`m-Om{V-gmjmËH$mao@{n Cn`wÁ`Vo. Vofm§ dñVwVmoÐì`m{^ÝZËdmV². g§`wŠVVmXmËå`§ dm AñVw. Ed§ ËdJ²-K«mU-agZ-J«hUo@{nko ‘². lmoÌoU eãXJ«hUoVw g§ moJEd ì`mnma…. eãXmo{h dm wZm CnZrV… lmoÌn ©ÝV§`Xm Am`m{V VXm lmoÌmdpÀN>ÝZËdMm dmhH$dm wg§ moJo V‘od g§ moJ§ ì`mnma{`ËdmlmoÌopÝÐ oU eãXmo J¥h² Vo. eãX-J«mhH$-gm‘J«r-àm~ë oZ{Q>.2 g§ moJml`ñ` dm`mo…AàË`jËdmV² Z Vñ` g§ moJñ` J«hU‘². g§ moJJ«mhH$gm‘J«ràm~ë oVw g§ moJñ`m{nJ«hU§, Wm H$Um©äÙ©‘² AmJVñ` dmVm©ldUo dŠV¥-‘wI-dm w-g§ moJñ`. A^mdo{deofUVod, eãXJ«ho g§ wŠV-dm yT>-eãX-ñdê$n‘od dm Ûma‘².

‘ZgñVw ~{h{d©f o ñdg§ moJÛmaH$… BpÝÐ`g§ moJm{X…, ñdY‘m©Um§ kmZgwImXrZm§J«hUo VmXmËå §, d¥ÎmrZm§ J«hUoVw d¥{Îmñdê$n‘od Ûma‘².

{Vamo mdñVw BpÝÐ`-g§ wŠV-{deofUV`m J¥h² Vo.

1. à{V{~å~njo XrK©ñ`m{n nXmW©ñ` õñdV ¡d CnbpãY… ñ`mV² õñdonXmW} VWm yVEd à{V{~å~Vo B{V(Am). 2. ldU‘Zñg§ moJ…(A).

gXgXmË‘H$dñVwZ… AgÎmmJ«hUo AZwnbpãY… à‘mU‘² B{V ‘Vñ` {d‘e}nmW©gma{W‘V‘² :

nmW©gma{W{‘lmñVw *dñVw‘mÌ§ gXgXmË‘Zm{Q>.1 {Û{dY‘². VÌ `X² `Xm `ÌgÐÿnoU dV©Vo VV² VÌ VXm àË`jm{X{^… "ApñV' B{V à‘r`Vo. `XmVw AgÐÿnoUdV©Vo, VXm gÐÿn~moYH$mZm§ àË`jmXrZm‘² A{H$pÄMËH$aËdmX², mo½`mZwnbpãYê$noUVX² dñVw "ZmpñV' B{V à‘r`Vo. Vñ‘mX² mo½`mZwnbpãY-ê$n-à‘mUmÝVa-JåÈdA^md…. `mo½`mZwnbpãYíM ñdê$ngVr H$maU§ ZVw kmZ‘{n Vñ`m… Ano{jV‘².AÝ`Wm Vñ`mA{n à‘o ËdmV² à‘mUmnojm`m§{Q>.2 AZdñWmnÎmo…. ZM *AÝYH$maohñVmä`m§ dñVwZ… gd©V… nam‘e}, OmVm`m‘{n `mo½`mZwnbãYm{Q>.3""qH$ H$píMX²

Xoemo Ad{eîQ>…'' B{V gpÝXhmZñ` dñËd^md~wÕçZwX`mV², H$Xm{MX² Anam‘¥î`m{ngd©V… nam‘¥îQ>‘² B{V «mÝË`m `mo½`mZwnbpãY{ZíM o dñËd^md~wÕçwX`mV² Vñ`m…kmVm`mEd H$maUËd‘²* B{V eL²H$ç§, VmÑe~wÕçZwX`mXo… `mo½`mZwnbå^r`-`mo½`Vm@kmZkmZH¥$VËdmV². VÚmo½`Vm`m…{Q>.4kmVm`mEd Cn`moJo@{n AZwnbãYo…ñdê$ngË`mEd H$maUËdoZ AXmofmV². ZM *A^mdkmZ‘² BpÝÐ oU¡d AñVw* B{VeL²H$ç‘², BpÝÐ`ì`mnmam^mdo@{n VÁkmZXe©ZmV². Ho$Z{MV² àmVaod AmJVo ‘mWwaoXrK©V‘o ewŠbdmg{g nw §{g, ‘Ü`m•o n¥îQ> o, lmoVw… à{V`mo½`ñ‘aUmXodàmV…H$mbrZVX^mdkmZñ` AZw d- gm{jH$ËdmV². ZM *àmV… AdJVmo A^md…VXm ñ‘`©Vo* B{V dmÀ`§, àmV… à{V`mo{JZ… H$WpÄMX{n ~wÕm¡ AZmamohmV²,VËà{V`mo{JH$ñ` A^md- ñ`m{n VWmËdoZ, VËñ‘aUñ` gd©W¡d AeŠ`dMZËdmV².Ed§ {gÕo {Q>.5 `mo½`mZwnbãYo… H$maUËdo `Ì BpÝÐ`ì`mnmamZwna‘o gpÝZ{hV-Xoe-H$mb-dVu A^md… àVr`Vo VÌm{n g¡d H$maU§ ZVw BpÝÐ`m{XH$‘²* B{V Amhþ….

1. ‘r‘m§gH$‘Vo gËH$m ©dmXmV² gXgXmË‘H$Ëd‘² Am{d y©V{Vamo yVê$nËd§~moÜ`‘²(A J). 2. AZwnbãÜ`ÝVamnojm`m‘² B{V AW©…(A J). 3. `mo½`ñ` à{V`mo{JZ…AZwnbãYm¡ B{V AW©…(A). 4. dñVwgËdàgÄOZàgpÄOVmonbpãYH$Ëdê$nm`m…(A).5. AZw^dËdoZ ñ‘aUËdoZ H$m`©H$maU^md… ZVw ñ‘aUm^mdËdoZm{n VWmMÜd§g{^ÝZg§gJm© mdñ` {ZË`ËdoZ CŠVarË`m {gÕo B{V AW©…(A).

Bh Ho$dbmÛ¡Vdm{XZ… doXmÝVn[a^mfmH$mañ` ‘V‘² : doXmÝVn[a^mfm`mÝVw *`mo½`mZwnbãYo… H$maUËdo@{n qH$ VËñdê$n§ (1)`mo½`ñ`

à{V`mo{JZmo AZwnbpãY… B{V dm? (2)`mo½ o A{YH$aUo à{V`mo{JZmo AZwnbpãY…B{V dm? (3)`mo½`Ëd{d{eîQ>mZwnbpãY… B{V dm? (1)Z AmÚ…, ñVåô{nemM oXmàË`jËdmnÎmo…. (2)Z {ÛVr`…, AmË‘{Z Y‘m©Ú^mdñ`m{n àË`jËdmnÎmo….(3)V¥Vr`ñVw ñ`mV², H$‘©Yma`mlÙmV². Vñ`m… `mo½`ËdÝVw V{H©$V-à{V`mo{JgËd-àgpÄOV-à{V`mo{JH$Ëd‘². VXW©íM J¥h² ‘mUñ` A^mdñ` `… à{V`moJr Vñ`gËdoZ, A{YH$aUo V{H©$VoZ, `ñ`m… AZwnbãYo… à{V`mo{J yV‘² CnbpãYñdê$n‘²AmnmX{`Vw§ eŠ`Vo VmÑeËd‘². ñ’$sVmbmoH$d{V yVbo ""`{X KQ>… ñ`mV² VXmCnbä oV'' B{V AmnmX{`Vw§ eŠ`ËdmV², VmÑeñWbo KQ>m^mdmo AZwnbpãYJå`….AÝYH$maoVw VmÑemnmXZmgå^dmV² Z AZwnbpãYJå`…. AVEd ñVå o {nemMgÎdo

143 144

ñVå^dV² àË`jVmnË`m VÌ VX^mdmo AZwnbpãYJå`…. AmË‘{Z Y‘m©ÚgËdo@{nAmË‘Zmo AVrpÝÐ`ËdoZ {ZéŠVmonbå^mnmXZmgå^dmV² Z AZwnbpãYJå`…. ZM*A{YH$aUopÝÐ`gpÝZH$f©ñWbo, CŠVarË`m, A^mdñ` AZwnbpãYJå`Ëd§ VdAZw‘V‘². VÌ BpÝÐ`mÝd`ì`{VaoH$mZw{dYmZmX² BpÝÐ`ñ ¡d A^mdmH$mad¥Îmm¡ H$maUVmAñVw* B{V dmÀ`§, à{V`mo½`ZwnbãYo… A^mdJ«ho hoVwVm`m… Šb¥ßVËdoZH$aUËd‘mÌñ` A{YH$ñ` H$ënZmV², BpÝÐ`ñ` A^mdoZ g‘‘² AgpÝZH$fm©X²A^mdJ«hhoVwËdm^mdmX², BpÝÐ`mÝd`ì`{VaoH$`mo… A{YH$aUkmZmÚwnjrUËdoZ Vofm‘²AÝ`Wm{gÕËdmV² M. *ZZw "" yVbo KQ>mo Z'' BË`mXm¡ yVbm§eo kmZñ` àË`jËd‘²C^`gå‘V§, VÌ d¥{Îm{ZJ©‘Zo yVbmdpÀN>ÝZM¡VÝ`dV² VpÝZîR>-KQ>m^mdmdpÀN>ÝZ-M¡VÝ`ñ`m{n à‘mÌ{^ÝZV`m KQ>m^mdñ`m{n àË`jV¡d Am`m{V* B{V MoV², Z,Vñ`m… àVrVo… àË`jËdo@{n VËH$aUñ` Z àË`jËd§ ""Xe‘… Ëd‘² A{g''BË`m{X-dmŠ`-OÝ`-kmZñ` àË`jËd o@{n VËH$aUñ` dmŠ`ñ`àË`jmZÝV…nm{VËdmä`wnJ‘mV². ZM *’$bd¡OmË`§ {dZm H$W§ à‘mUd¡OmË`‘²*

B{V eL²H$ç§, d¥{Îmd¡OmË`‘mÌoU à‘mUd¡OmË`monnÎmo…. Vñ‘mX² A^mdñÀZwnbpãYJå`Ëd‘od* B{V CŠV‘².

Bh H$U^jmjnmX‘Vo : d¡eo{fH$mñVw, CŠVar{VH$m‘od `mo½`mZwnbpãY§ ñdrH¥$Ë`, *ñ’$sVmbmoHo$

VËghH¥$VoZ Mjwfm, V‘{g M VmÑem ËdMm, KQ>mÚ^mdàË`j§; VW¡d BpÝÐ`mÝVa¡…VÎmX²J«mh² m^mdàË`j§, g§gJm© mdàË`jo à{V`mo{J`mo½`Vm`m… AÝ`moÝ`m^mdàË`joA{YH$aU`mo½`Vm`m… Anojm§ M* Amhþ….

Z¡`m{`H$mñVw *AZwnbãYo… nydm}ŠVm§ `mo½`Vm‘² AZmÑË` `mo½`ghH$m[a-gånÝZËdê$nm‘od `mo½`Vm‘²* BÀN>pÝV.

AVEd (Vo) *AÝYH$mao AmbmoH$m{YH$aU-gpÝZH$fm©Ë‘H$-`mo½`ghH$m © mdmX²`mo½`mZwnbãÜ`^mdoZ Z KQ>m^mdJ«h… Mjwfm. Obna‘mUm¡ M BpÝÐ`gpÝZH¥$îQ>-‘hËddX²-{deofUVmê$nñ` Vñ` A^mdmV² Z n¥{WdrËdm^mdJ«h…. ^yVbo{nemMmË`ÝVm^mdñVw A`mo½`ËdmXod Z J¥h²`Vo. AË`ÝVm^mdo `mo½`VmVw`mo½`‘mÌà{V`mo{JH$Ëdê$nm `mo½`Y‘m©dpÀN>ÝZ-à{V`mo{JVmH$Ëdê$nm dm ~moÜ`m.

gdm© mdgmYmaUmVwnm. o.13 Z H$m{MX² `mo½`Vm {H$ÝVw JwU`mo½`VmdX² AZZwJV¡d*

B{V Amhþ….

AÌ ñd{gÕmÝV{Zê$nU‘² : ‘‘Vw à{V^m{V-AZwnbãYo… Z A^mdJ«h§ à{V H$aUËd§, ""Mjwfm AdJV…''

B{VdX² ""AZwnbãÜ`m AdJV…'' B{V àË``m^mdmX², `mo½`à{V`mo{JH$Ëdê$n`mA^md{ZîR>`mo½`V`¡d {Zdm©hmV². AV… VÚmo½`Ëdm{X{dMmamo ì`W©Ed. ZM*`mo½`mZwnbãYo… AH$maUËdo KQ>dË`{n ^yVbo KQ>m^mdJ«hàg“…, Vñ`KQ>mH«$mÝVËdoZ XoemÝVao BpÝÐ`gpÝZH¥$ï>m^mdmgÎdo@{n VX²{deofUËdoZ AgÎdmX²BpÝÐ`gpÝZH¥$ï>moX² yVê$ndX²-{deofUVmê$n-àË`mgÎ`^mdmXod VÛmaUmV². AVEdZ AÝYH$mao, V‘mod¥VËdoZ yVbñ` AgpÝZH¥$îQ>ËdmV².{Q>.1 *AZmdaH$Ëdnjo@{nnm. o.14

A^mdñ` à{V`mo{J-

1. BV… Amaä` gdm©ñd{n ‘mV¥H$mgw n§pŠVì`Ë`mg~mhþë § Ñí`Vo VV… AnmR>mZwamoY‘od ñdrH¥$Ë` gdm©A{n n§ŠV`… nwZ… `mo{OVm…(í`m).

5 gEd `mo½`-JwU-{H«$`m-Om{V-gmjmËH$mao@{n Cn wÁ`Vo. Vofm§ dñVwVmoÐì`m{^ÝZËdmV². g§`wŠVVmXmË_ VX²ì`mßòVa-à{V`mo{JJ«mhH$-`mdËgmgm‘J«r-J«mh²`Ëd-{Z`‘oZ gm‘½a²ç^mdmXod{Q>.1 dmaUmV², J¥hmÝVX}eñ` AgpÝZH¥$îQ>ËdoZgpÝZH¥$îQ>-{deofUVmê$n-àË`mgË`^mdo@{n VoOmo@^mdñ` V‘moê$n‘m`m~bmXod^mZgå^dmV² M. yVbo {nemMmË`ÝVm^mdmo, Obna‘mUm¡ n¥{WdrËdm^mdíM,A`mo½`ËdmXod Z J¥h² Vo. ñVå o {nemM oXñVw ñdê$nmË‘m dm n¥WŠËdmË‘m dmB{V VX²J«mhH$gm‘½a²ç¡d J¥h² Vo. ZM *{ÛîR>JwUàË`jo mdXml`àË`jñ` hoVwËdmV²Z Ed‘²* B{V eL²H$ç§, n¥WŠËd{^ÝZËdñ` VÌ {deofUr`ËdmV². AÝ`WmVËàVr{V~mYmnÎmo…. ZM BîQ>mn{Îm…, AZw^d{damoYmV². ZM *{^ÝZËdñ`nm.ô.15

{deofUËdo {gÕ§ oXoZ* B{V dmÀ §, oX-à{V`mo{JH$- oXdV² n¥WŠËd-à{V`mo{JH$-n¥WŠËdm“rH$maoU A{VaoHo$@{n AXmofmV². ZM *gpÝZH$f©H$ënZ‘² Aàm‘m{UH$‘²*

B{V dmÀ`‘², AZw^d{damoYmX², ""BXmZt KQ>…-àmÀ`m§ KQ>…'' BË`m{XàVr{Vfw{deofUr yV`mo… H$mb{Xemo… {deofUV ¡d ^mZXe©ZmV², emñÌXr{nH$m`m‘{n VWmA“rH$mamV². ZM *V`mo… g§ moJoZ¡d ^mZ‘²* B{V dmÀ §, Vñ` gXmVZËdoZ V`mo…

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gXm mZmnÎmo…. ZM *A`mo½`ËdmV² Z Xmof…* B{V dmÀ §, Vñ` {deofUËdXem`m‘{nVwë`ËdmV². ZM *g§`wŠVg§`moJoZ V‘mo^mZ‘²* B{V dmÀ`§ 1g§`wŠVg§`moJñ`àË`mg{ÎmËd§,nm. o.16 2AZwnbãYo… H$aUËd‘²,3A^mdñ` AgpÝZH¥$îQ>ñ` ^mZ‘²,B{V H$ënZmÌ`Jm¡admV². ZM *H$ënZmVm¡ë`‘²* B{V dmÀ §, ‘mZmÝVaH$ënZm`m…Aà‘m{UH$ËdmV ². àË`jgyÌr`-"gËg§à`m oJ'(Oo{‘.gy.1&1&4)-nXoH$‘©Yma`mlÙo@{n A{damoYmV². "gpÝZH$fm©'{ZéŠË`m H$aUËdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmX²,AgpÝZH¥$îQ>ñ` ‘mZmÝVaoU Cnbå^m“rH$mao {dàH¥$îQ>X¡{eH$m^mdJ«hmnÎmo… M.

*AW `mo½`VmkmnHo$ VH}$ A{YH$aUàË`jñ`m{n ghH$m[aËdmV² Z Xmof…*

B{V MoV², Z, A^mdkmZñ` AZwnbãÜ`YrZËdoZ, AZwnbpãY-`mo½`Vm-kmZñ`CŠVVH$m ©YrZËdoZ, VH©$ñ`M A^mdg§g¥îQ >m{YH$aU-àË`jmYrZËdoZA^mdkmZmYrZËdmV² M MH«$H$mnÎmoíM. ZM *`mo½`Vm`m… AkmVm`mEd

1. AmbmoH$-g§ moJ-ê$n-ghH$m[a-{dKQ>ZoZ VWmËdmX² B{V AW©…(A).Cn`moJ…* B{V dmÀ §, VH$m}nÝ`mgd¡ Ï`m©nÎmo…. VÁkmZmW©‘od VXwnÝ`mgmX²,

AÝYH$mao@{n VX²J«hmnÎmo… M. ZM *VÌ `mo½`Vm ZmñË od* B{V dmÀ §, hñVoZVÁkmZmV². AVmo ""hñVmä`m§ KQ>m^md§ OmZm{‘-MjwfmVw Z ní`m{‘'' B{VAZ wì`dgm`mX ² E o p ÝÐ`H$‘ od KQ > m^mdkmZ‘ ² . ZM *BpÝÐ`mUm‘ ²A{YH$aUkmZmÚwnjrUËd§ eL²H$ç‘², A{YH$aUkmZmoÎma§ ZoÌ{Z‘rbZo@{n`mo½`mZwnbãÜ`m KQ>m^mdJ«hmnÎmo…. ZM *’$br^yVkmZñ` àË`jËdmZwamoYoZVËH$maUñ` àË`jËd§ Z `wpŠVgh§, ""Xe‘ñËd‘{g'' BË`m{X-dmŠÒÝ`-àË`jñWbo ì`{^MmamX²* B{V dmÀ`§, VXg“VËdñ` eãXn[aÀN>oXEdCnnm{XVËdmV². d¥{Îmd¡OmË`ñ` à‘mUd¡OmË`monnmXH$Ëdo, ’$bd¡OmË`ñ`VX{Z`VËdmX² AmH$pñ‘H$ËdmnÎmo…. d¥{Îm{Z`VËdm“rH$maoU g‘W©ZoVw ’$bñ`d¥{Îm{Z`VËdoZ, d¥VoíM à‘mU{Z`VËdoZ, ’$bmX² d¥{ÎmËdÛmam à‘mU{ZU©`ñÀZnZmoÚËdmV². CŠVdmŠ`mX² ""Xe‘mo@h‘²'' B{V àË`jmoÎma‘² ""AmË‘mZ§ Xe‘§ní`m{‘'' B{V "OmZm{‘' B{V eãXmV², "àË o{‘' B{V dm {deofd¥Î wX o, `ËZ§{dZm{n à‘mU{ZU©`mV². eãXo Mjwam{XghH$m[aËdñ` namojd¥{ÎmOZH$Ëdñ` M{ZíMòZ, eãXmV² àË`jñ` gd©Wm AZwnnÝZËdmV² M. AVmo d¥Î`ZwamoYoZm{n

H$maU‘² BpÝÐ`‘od. V² nwZ… ‘Ü`m•o à{V`mo½`ñ‘aUmV² àmV…H$mbrZ-‘mWwam^md-kmZ§ emñÌXr{nH$m`m‘² CŠV§, VX{n Z wpŠVgh§, àmV… à{V`mo{JZmo ~wÕçZmê$T>ËdoZñ‘aUm^mdñ` Üd§gê$nVm`m… AeŠ`dMZËdmV². àmJ^mdmË`ÝVm^mdê$nËdo àíZmV²àmJ{n VËgÎdoZ VXm{n VX^mdkmZàg“mX², oXê$nËdo@{n VWmËdmV² M, A^mdËdoZg§gJm©^mdËdm{XZm M VËH$maUVm`m… XwK©Q>ËdmV² ghH$m`©ÝVamnoj`m‘²CŠVXmofàg“mV² M. AV… àíZoZ àmV…H$mbrZg§gJ©emãXo OmVo Vñ` ~wÕm¡ Amamoho{damoYg§gJ}U A^mdkmZ§ ‘mZg§, ‘m`mÛmaH§$ dm ‘mZg‘²-B{V, Z VoZ ñ‘aUm^mdñ`H$maUËd{g{Õ…. EVoZ¡d ghH$m[aËd‘{n XÎmmoÎma‘². Vñ‘mX² A^mdkmZ‘² A^mdnm. o.17

`mo½`V`m gm{YV‘² EopÝÐ`H$‘od B{V {ZíM`…. B{V A^mddmX….

gm§»`‘VmZwgmaoU d¥{Îmgm‘mÝ`ñdê$n{Zê$nU§ VÌ ‘m`mdm{X-Z¡ m{`H$`mo…M {dà{VnÎmo… {d‘e©… :

àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘… : CŠVgpÝZH$f©OÝ`‘{n g{dH$ënH§$ kmZ§ Mmjwfm{X oXoZ~w{Õd¥Ë`m OÝ`VB{V d¥{Îm… {dMm ©Vo.

VÌ, ZoÌ{Z‘rbZo H¥$Vo ~{hX©¥îQ>nXmW©ñ od H$píMX² AmH$mamo ZoÌmÝVa² ^mgVo.g AmH$mamo Z ~mh² dñVwZ…, Aml`‘² A{Vhm` VÌ Vñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV².AV… g AmÝVañ ¡d H$ñ`MZ ^{dVw‘² Ah©Vr{V VXml`ËdoZ gm§» ¡… Amh§H$m[aH§$VËdmÝVa§ "d¥{Îm'Zm‘H§$ H$ëß`Vo.

`Wm{h àdMZgyÌÛ § :-

""à‘mW©àH$me{b“mX²{Q>.1 d¥{Îm{g{Õ…'' (gm§.à.gy.5&106)""^mJJwUmä`m§ VËdmÝVa§ d¥{Îm…...'' (gm§.à.gy.5&107) B{V. AW©ñVw: "à‘m' nydm}ŠVar{VH$‘²-AmH$makmZ§, VËg{hVmo `mo "AW©àH$memo'{df`kmZ §, Ed‘² C^`{dYmX ² "{b“mX ²' ("d ¥ {Îm{g{Õ…')d¥{ÎmgÎmm{ZíM`…. `{X d¥{Îm… Z ñ`mX² CŠV… AmH$mamo Z àVr oVAV¡OgËdmX², AMb§ Mjw… {dàH¥$ï>§ {df`‘² AàmßZwdV² VËàH$meZ§Z Hw$`m©V², Om`VoM VX² C^`‘² AV… gm ApñV B{V {ZíM`…. Ed§"^mJmo' {d^mJmo Ah§H$mamX² {d^Á` {df`Xoemd{YJ‘Z§, "JwU…'CŠVmH$ma…, "Vmä`m§' H¥$Ëdm Amh§H$m[aH§$ ""VËdmÝVa§ d¥{Îm…'' B{V.

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A{^`wŠVmopŠVíM ""d¥Îm`… àgaX²ê$nm ñ’$m[aVmjñ` `Ì MAÑîQ>mZwJ«hmV² VÎmV²-(VÌ)gå~ÝYmWm©d~mo{YH$m'' ( ).

(ÐîQ>. : gm§.à.d¥.gma.5&107) B{V. A‘yVm© m… Vñ`m… H$W§ {H«$`m BË`V… V¥Vr § gyÌ§ :-

""Z Ðì`{Z`‘… VÚmoJmX²'' (gm§.à.gy.5&108) B{V.A{Z`VËdmV² nXmWm©Zm§ "Z Ðì`'Ed {H«$`m"{Z`‘…' {H$ÝVw `Ì `V²à‘mUV… {gÜ`{V VÌ VX² AZw‘Ý`m‘ho; AVmo,

1. ""àmßVmW©àH$me{b“mX²'' B{V gd©Ì Cnbä`‘mZ… nmR>… (í`m).

XyañWdñVwZ… AmH$maJ«hUXe©ZmV² gm{n {H«$`mdVr B{V AW©….B{V (VÌ¡d).

Ed§ ‘m`mdm{XZmo@{n *AÝV…H$aU{d{eîQ>ñ` M¡VÝ`ñ` à‘mV¥Ëd‘² A“rH¥$Ë`Vpñ‘Z² kmZgyú‘mdñWmê$n§ {df`g§ñH$ma‘² AmYmVw§ {df opÝÐ`-gpÝZH$f©-gm‘Ï ©-OÝ`m‘² AÝV…H$aUn[aUm‘ê$nm§ d¥{Îm‘²* A“rHw$d©pÝV.

Z¡ m{`H$mX`ñVw *Z`Z{H$aUmZm§ {ZJ©‘ZoZ {df`gpÝZH$fm©X² kmZ‘². VoZM^mdZmg§ñH$mam» § JwUmÝVa§ Ma‘ñ‘¥{VZmí`‘² AmË‘{Z A“rHw$d©ÝVmo d¥{ÎmnXmW©‘odZ* BÀN>pÝV.

AW CŠVnj`mo… AmbmoMZnyd©H§$ ñd‘V{Zê$nU§ M : VÎmw ZoÌmÝVaZw dñ`nm.ô.18 gmd©OZrZËdmX² Aà`moOH${‘{V d¥{Îm… gd©Wm

Aä wno ¡d naÝVw `m ~w{Õd¥{Îm… ""g§ñH$mamYmZmÚWª OÝ`Vo'' B{V CÀ`Vo, gmd¥{Îm… ~wÕo… Z VÎdmÝVa§ Zm{n AÝV…H$aUn[aUm‘mÝVa§ {H$ÝVw ~w{ÕVÎdñ`H$mbjwãYgÎdm{XJwUH¥$Vmo AdñWm{deofEd. ZM *Vñ` AdñWm{deofËdo{ZJ©‘m^mdoZ {df`mg§gJm©V² VXmH$maH$Ëd§ d¥Îmo… XwK©Q>‘²* B{V eL²H$ç§, ‘m`mJwUñàOg… MÄMbËdoZ {djonH$Ëd oZ M Xn©U o ‘ wIñòd Z oÌJm obHo $@{n

~mh²`{df`mH$mag‘n©Uo VXmH$maH$Ëdñ` gwKQ>ËdmV². gEd ‘m{`H$… AmH$mamoZ`Z{H$aUofw ZoÌ‘wÐUo àË`md¥Îmofw JmobH$mÝVa² AZw y Vo. Ed‘od BpÝÐ`mÝVao@{nd¥{Îm… kmVì`m. `Ú{n gm Z AZw y Vo VWm{n VmÑeg§ñH$mamYmZmV² {ZíMr`Vo.""EH$mXemgZ² ‘Zgmo{h d¥Îm`… AmHy$V`… nÄM{Y`mo{^‘mZ… ‘mÌm{U H$‘m©{U nwa§M Vmgm§ dXpÝV h¡H$mXe dra y{‘…'' (^mJ.nwam..5&11&9) B{V OS>âVdmŠ`mV²M. y{‘fw nÄMmZm§ ko ËdoZ {df`Ëd§ VV… nÄMmZm§ H$m ©ËdoZ, nwañ` ñdH$m ©ËdoZko`‘². g§ñH$mañVw ""OmVñ` kmZñ` gyú‘mdñWm'' B{V CŠV‘². ~w{ÕíMH$‘©kmZopÝÐ`mZwJ«m{hH$m B{V dú`Vo. gmM d¥{ÎmÛma¡d AZwJ¥†mVr{V BpÝÐÒÝ`ñ`{d{eîQ>kmZñ` ZmZmôXm… AVm o AdñW`¡d {Zdm ©h o gm §»`m{^‘VñÀÝV…H$aUm{V[aŠV-nXmWm©ÝVaËdñ` {Zîà‘mUH$ËdmV². ""H$m‘… g§H$ën…''(~¥h.Cn.1&5&3) B{V lwVm¡ "H$m‘m'{XnXm{Z eŠVm{Z "Yr'nX§ bmj{UH$‘²''B{V ‘m`mdm{XH$ënZm`mA{n d¡ê$ß`m{XXmof-J«ñVËdmV² M VX² C^`‘{n Ag“V‘².

AVmo ~wÕo… AdñWm{deofEd d¥{Îm… B{V {ZíM`….

*ZZw BpÝÐ`mW©gåà`moJmoÎma§ gåà wŠVmWm©H$mag‘mZmo ~wÕm¡ AmH$mamo Om`VB{Và‘m ^dVw, «‘m{XH$ÝVw Z ^{dî`{V ewŠË`mXmnm. o.19 V{ÛéÕñ` aOVmÚmH$mañÀ^mdoZ ~wÕm¡ ‘m`mH¥$VVËg‘n©Um`moJmX² AÝ`Wm»`m{Và ¥VrZm§ M AZ“rH$mamX²*

B{V MoV ², Z, ñd^mdJwUmZ wJ «hmX od Vñ`m{n {gÕo…, n ydm }ËnÝZñàOVmÚmH$maH$g§ñH$mañ` aOgm ~{h…jono, gåà wŠVmWm©H$mañ` V‘gm AmdaUoM, «‘ñ` gwIoZ dŠVw§ eŠ`ËdmV². Ed§ ZmZm{dYmX² JwUjmo O-d¥{Îm- oXmXodAÝ o@{n kmZ oXm… CÝZo m….

OmJ«XdñWm`m§ fS²>{dYopÝÐ`gpÝZH$f©‘mÌOÝ`§ kmZ§ {Z{d©H$ënH§$ VXodg§e`m{X~w{Õd¥Î`ZwJ¥hrV§ gV² g{dH$ënH§$ kmZ§ ^d{V B{V {Zê$nU‘² :

`Xm {df opÝÐ`g§ moJmV² {Z{d©H$ënH§$ VXm BpÝÐ`Xoeo ~wÕo… d¥{Îm…. V`mBpÝÐ`mZwJ«ho g{dH$ënH$‘², AZZwJ«hoVw Z. d¥Ë`ÝVaoU nyd©d¥Îmo… Zmeo g{dH$ënH$ñ`g§ñH$maê$noU AdñWmZ§, Vñ` C×moYH¡$… C×moYo ‘m`monñWm{nV-‘m{`H$mW©-ghH¥$Vmñ‘¥{V…, amOg¡… amJm{X{^… g§ñH$maàm~ëò ‘m``m {df`mH$mamdaUnyd©H§$

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‘m{`H$nXmW©-g{hVñ` kmZñ`nm. o.20 JmobH$mJ« mJo jono «‘…, {H$pÄMXmdaUog§e`…, gÎdoZ gd©WmdaU^“o {djonñ`m{n {Zd¥Îmm¡ {deofXe©Z‘² BË`m{X.

d¥{Îm{df`mVw d¥{Îm…nm.ô.21 Z ^dVr{V AZw^dmZwgmaoU¡d {ZíMr`Vo. ZM*d¥VrZm§ JwUOÝ`Ëdo ‘mZm^md…* eL²H$çmo, ""OmJ«ËñdßZ… gwfwßV§ M JwUVmo ~w{Õd¥Îm`…Vmgm§ {dbjUmo Ord… gm{jËdoZ {d{ZpíMV…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&13&27) B{VEH$mXeo h§gdmŠ`mV², g§e`m{Xd¥ÎmrZm§ VXdmÝVa oXËdoZ VXZ{VaoH$mV².

`Îmw ""OmJ«X² moJàX-H$‘m}ÛmoYo OmJaU§, VXwna‘o {ZÐ`m ñdßZgwfwßVr'' B{V‘V§, VÌm{n H$‘m}×moYmona‘hoVmo… Adí`dmÀ`ËdoZ bmKdmX² B©ídaoÀN>mZwJ¥hrVmZm§nañnamon‘X©H$m{Xñd^mdmZm§ JwUmZm‘od AdñWmhoVwËd§ gmYr`….

Vñ‘mX² ~w{ÕJwUOÝ`m VXdñWm d¥{Îm…. gm `Xm AZwJ¥†m{V VXmdú`‘mUà{H«$``m g{dH$ënH§$ kmZ§ OÝ`Vo.

VWm{h :- ""A{YîR>mZ§ VWm H$Vm© H$aU§ M n¥Wp½dY‘²&{d{dYmíM n¥WH²$ MoîQ>m X¡d§ M¡dmÌ nÄM‘‘²&&eara§ dmL²>‘Zmo{^ ©V² H$‘© àma^Vo Za…&Ý`mæ § dm {dnarV§ dm nÄM¡Vo Vñ`nm. o.22 hoVd…&&''

(^J.JrVm.18&14-15) B{V JrVm`m § H$m`©‘mÌ§ à{V nÄM hoVd… CŠVm…. VÌ :

"A{YîR>mZ§'=eara§, "H$Vm©'=Ord…, "H$aU§'=~m- h²`mä`ÝVa§,"MoîQ>m"=àmUm{Xdm`wH$‘m©{U, "X¡d§'=H$mb- H$‘©-^Jd{XÀN>m{X….

""B©ída… gd© yVmZm§ öÔoeo@Ow©Z {VîR>{V «m‘`Z² gd© yVm{Z `ÝÌmê$T>m{Z‘m``m'' (^J.JrVm.18&61) B{V dmŠ`mX² AÝV`m©‘r dm{Q>.1 "X¡d'nXdmÀ`mo

""XodmZm§ g‘yhmo X¡d‘²''B{V VÎm{XpÝÐ`m{YîR>mVmamo dm. Ed§ g{V kmZOZH$-‘Z…g§ moJm{X-hoVw yV-{H«$`m`m‘{n EVmÝ od H$maUm{Z.

VÌ A § H«$‘mo : X¡dmZwHy$ë oZ AÝV`m©{‘Um ‘Z… VÎmËH$m`m©Wª ào ©Vo,

1. "dm' eãXmo dmŠ`mbL²H$mao (A).VV² M BpÝÐ`àoaUm` VÎm{XpÝÐòU g§g¥Á`Vo. VÌ VÎm{XpÝÐ`XodVmZwHy$ëò

{df`g§g¥îQ>¡… BpÝÐ`¡… ñdmdpÀN>ÝZo ‘Z{g nydª {Z{d©H$ënH$‘² CËnmÚVo. VXmBpÝÐ`Xoeo ~wÕo… d¥{Îm…. VVmo ~wÕçm{n d¥{ÎmÛmam VXZwJ«ho g{dH$ënH§$ ^d{V.

MmjwfoVw Z`Z{H$aUm… {df`n ©ÝV§ JÀN>pÝV, BpÝÐ`mÝVaoVw {H$aUm^mdmX²BpÝÐ oU gh {df § ‘Z… àmßZmo{V VXm, H«$‘oU gh¡d dm, {Z{d©H$ënH§$ g{dH$ënH§$M VÎm{XpÝÐ`g§g¥ï>o ‘Z{g CËnÚVo. kmZÛ o@{n {df opÝÐ`ñnem©{XH§$ ì`mnma….

ZMnm. o.23 *Z`ZmZm§ {H$aUm“"rH$mao Mjwfmo ì`mnH$ËdmnË`m ""AUdíM''(~«.gy.2&4&7) B{V gyÌ{damoY…* eL²H$Zr`…, AMuê$nmUm§ {H$aUmZm§ gy ©‘ÊS>bmX²oXñ` ""Am{XË`mo dm Ef…'' (‘hmZm.Cn.12&2) B{V AZwdmHo$ lmdUmV². V¡…

ApIb‘oê$ÎmaXoemZ² ì`mßZwdmZñ` Am{XË`‘ÊS>bñ` Xe-ghò-`moOZ-n[a‘mU-ñ‘aUoZ Vofm§ VËn[a‘mUm~mYH$ËddV² gy m©Ü`mpË‘H$Mjwf… {H$aUmZm‘{n VWmËdoZgyÌm{damoYmV². `Ûm ""VWm àmU…''(~«.gy.2&4&1) BË`Ì àmUofw Ordm{VXoeñ`{gÕmÝVo A"rH$mamV² gd©earao Ordñòd gm‘Ï`m©X² dm JwUmX² dm ì`mpßVdV²Vofm‘{n XodVmgm‘Ï`m©X² dm JwUmX² dm ì`mßË`“rH$mañ` dŠVì`ËdmV²""JwUm×mbmoH$dX²'' (~«.gy.2&3&25) B{V gyÌo AmbmoH$ñ` JwUËdm“rH$mamV² V¡Ogñ`Mjwf… AmbmoH$-ê$n-JwU-ì`mßË`“rH$mao@{n AXmof…. Ed‘{n gyÌm{damoY… Mmjwf-ê$n-H$m ©-{gÕçmo… gå^dmV². AVEd ËdM… gH$b-eara-ì`m{nËd‘{n XodVm-gm‘Ï`©-ñne©-JwUmä`m§ `wÁ`Vo. AÝ`WmVw gyÌ{damoY-gmd©{ÌH$-ñnem©Zw^d-~mY`mo… AÝ`VaX² AmnÚoV¡d. Vñ‘mV² Z`Z-{H$aU-J‘Z-Ûm[aH¡$d àË`jà{H«$`mgmYr`gr.

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`m nwZ… *AmbmoHo$Z ‘m`mH$m ©-V‘mo-OZZ-à{V~ÝYo H¥$Vo, Á`moVr-ê$n-gy`©-XodV`m AÊdmË‘H$Mjw{f gÝ‘wImì`d{hV-XoeñW-n¥Ww~wÜZmoXamH$mao{d{eîQ>ê$no àm{nVo gÎdàYmZ~wÕo… AÝVaod VXmH$maVmgånÎmm¡ AUwê$n§ Ord§ à{VkmZm{lVmÜ`mpË‘H$-KQ>m{^ì`pŠVaod Mmjwf§, XyañWJÝYeãX`moñVw dm wZm K«mU-lmoÌ-g‘rn-àmnUo AÝV…gÎdmË‘H$~wÕo… VXmH$maVmgånÎmm¡ kmZm{lVmÜ`mpË‘H$-JÝYeãXm{^ì`pŠVaod K«mUO§ lmdU§ M, àË`j{‘{V AmÜ`mpË‘H$m{Y^m¡{VH$`mo…A oXmV² Z ~mh² KQ>mJ«hU{Z~ÝYZmo Xmof…* B{V Ho$fmpÄMV² àË`jà{H«$`m.

VÌ AmbmoHo$Z V‘moOZZ-à{V~ÝY-H$WZ‘² A wŠV§, ""`Wm{h ^mZmoéX`moZ¥Mjwfm§ V‘mo {ZhÝ`mX²'' (^mJ.nwam..11&28&34) B{V EH$mXeñH$ÝYr`-^JdX²-dmŠ o V‘mo{ZhÝV¥ËdH$WZmV². Ed§ Á`moVrê$n-gy ©XodVm`m… nwéfMjw{f {df`{Zð>-ê$nàmnH$Ëd-H$WZ‘{n VWm, ~hþfw ní`Ëgw VmZ²-VmZ² à{V ê$no àm{nVo {df`ñ`Zrê$nVmàg“oZ nmíMmË`mZm§ VXXe©Zàg“mV², VÔe©ZmWª Vpñ‘Z² {dfò nwZmê$nmÝVamoËnmXZmZ`Zm{Xê$nmàm‘m{UH$-H$ënZm-àg“mV² M, gÝÜ`m`m‘² AñV§JVogy © ê$nàmnH$XodVm`m… JVËdmV² VXmZt KQ>mÚXe©ZmnÎmoíM.

ZM *""{Z{e Zo{V MoÝZ gå~ÝYñ` `mdÔoh^m{dËdmX² Xe©`{V M''(~«.gy.4&2&19) B{V gyÌo ""AW m EVm öX`ñ` ZmS²>ç…'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.8&6&1)B{V Zm‹S>r… CnH«$å` ""A‘wî‘mX² Am{XË`mV² àVr`ÝVo Vm Amgw ZmS>rfw gwßVmAmä`mo ZmS>rä`mo àVr`ÝVo Vo A‘wpî‘Z² Am{XË o gwßVm'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.8&6&2)B{V Xha{dÚmñWlwË`m amÌmd{n Am{XËàpí‘gå~ÝYñ` CŠVËdmV² VXmZtgÝÜ`m`mÄM ZmS>rg¥ßVapí‘{^… {df`ê$nàmnUmV² Z KQ>mÚXe©Zàg“…* B{VdmÀ`§, ZmS>rg¥ßVapí‘Zm§ öX`mJ«àÚmoVZ-OrdmoËH«$‘U-‘mÌ-H$m`m©W©Vm`mEdlmdUoZ VÐí‘rZm § ê$nàmnH$Vm`m… dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². VXmZr‘{nê$nàmnH$Ëdm“rH$mao VXmZt Zí`ËdmX²nm. o.24 AñV{‘Vo Am{XËò ""{H$ÄÁ`mo{V…A § nwéf…'' (~¥h.Cn.4&3&2) BË`m{XÁ`mo{V~«m©÷U{damoYñ` àË`j{damoYñ` MXwîn[ahaËdmV². AVmo ""ZoV¥Ëd§ ÐìèãX`mo…''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&37)B{VdX²

Am{XË`m{Xaí‘rZm§ ê$nàmnH$Ëdñ` AeãXJmoMaËdmV² gy`©ê$nXodVm`m…ê$nàmnH$Ëdm“rH$ma… gd©Wm Z wŠV….

{H$ÄM Mjw{f ê$nàmpßVíM à{V{~å~^dZê$n¡d, gmVw ‘m``m ""F$Vo@Wª`V² àVr oV'' (^mJ.nwam..2&9&33) B{V dmŠ`mV², Vñ`m… {djonH$ËdmV² M.

EdÄM ~wÕçmH$mag‘n©H$Ëd‘{nnm. o.25 à{V{~å~ñ ¡d. AmÜ`mpË‘H$ê$n‘{n‘m`m‘`§ ‘Zmo‘`ËdmV². Vñ`M Z gË`Vm-AW©{H«$`mH$m[aËd‘mÌ‘². na‘²Am{YX¡{dH$ÝVw eãX¡H${ZîR>§ ^JdXmË‘H§$ VV² gË`‘od. Am{Y^m¡{VH$ÝVwànÄMmË‘H$‘². Vñ`Vw H$m ©ê$nËdo@{n H$maUê$noU¡d gË`Ëd§, ZVw ñdoZ ê$noU,{dH$mamUm§ dmMmaãYËdmV² gXgX²J«pÝWê$nËdmV² M; VXod M bm¡{H$H$ì`dhma{df`….

g{dH$ënH$kmZOÝ`-hmZmonmXmZmonojm~w{Õñdê$nm{U : VÌ g{dH$ënH§$ à‘o mZÝË`mX² AZÝV{dY§ d{V. VÌm{n H$maUmÝVag‘dYmZoZ

g§e`-{dn`m©g-{ZíM`-ñ‘¥{V-ôXm… OmJ«{V ^dpÝV, `Wmgå^d§ ñdßZo@{nVo.

g{dH$ënH$-OÝ`-hmZmonmXmZ-~wÕm¡Vw {deof… :

""BpÝÐ ¡{d©f`mH¥$îQ>¡am{jßV§ Ü`m`Vm§ ‘Z… MoVZm§ haVo ~wÕo… ñVå~ñVmo {‘döXmX²'' (^mJ.nwam.4&22&30)B{V dmŠ`mX² {df ¡… BpÝÐ`mH$f©…. VV… V¡… ‘Zg…,VÀM AewÕ{‘{V VÌ H$m‘moËnÎmm¡ CnmXmZ~w{Õ…, VmÑeo ‘Z{g ÛofmoËnÎmm¡Vw hmZ~w{Õ….ZM BX‘² Aà`moOH§$ H$m{‘Zr Hw$MHw$å^Xe©ZmXm¡ Mjwf…, erVm{XH$mbofw Cî‘m{XZmËdMmo, amJm{X wŠVJrVoZ ldUñ`, MÝXZm{XJÝYoZ K«mUñ`, {jVñ`m{n XÜ`mXo…nwZ… AmñdmXZoZ agZñ`, V¡íM ‘Zg… AmH$f©ñ` AZw d{gÕËdmV².

‘ZgíMnm. o.26 ê$nÛ § : ~mh² ‘² AmÝVa§ M B{V V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo VÎdñVwVm¡""namöVmÝV‘©Zg…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&5&44) BË`ñ` gw~mo{YÝ`m§ pñWV‘². VÌ AmÝVa§oZ {df oU BpÝÐ`Ûmam H¥$î`Vo V{Ûf{Ùr hmZmonmXmZ~w{Õ… ^d{V, oZVw Z

AmH¥$î`Vo V{Ûf{Ùr Cnojm~w{Õ[a{V wJnV² ZmZm~w{ÕgÎd‘². ZM *VÌ doJmX²

153 154

`m¡JnÚm{^‘mZEd* B{V dmÀ`‘² EoH$m½a ²çXem`m§ nwñVH$Xe©Zo `wJnV²ZmZmjamnojmkmZñWbo doJm“rH$mañ` AZw d{déÕËdmX². AVmo ê$nÛ`‘od wŠV‘²B{V. `Xm ‘Zgmo AZmH$f©… VXm Cnojm~w{Õ…. AVEd Vñ`m… Z pñWaËd‘²,Aä`mgmÚ^mdmV².

ñd{gÕmÝVm{^‘Vg{dH$ënH$kmZOZZàUmS>r : BXÄM gdª kmZ‘², AÝV…H$aUmÚÜ`mgmX², OrdmË‘m ñdpñ‘Z² A{^‘Ý`VB{V

Añ` kmZñ` bm¡{H$H$mZm‘² AmË‘Y‘©ËdàdmX… B{V. AÝV…H$aUmÜ`mgñVw, öX`XoeoOrdñ` AÝV…H$aUmZm§ M pñWVËdmV², Vofw VËà{V{~å~…; Vñ` à{V{~å~ñ`BpÝÐ ofw à{V{~å~mÝVao BpÝÐ`mÜ`mg…, Vñ` Xoho à{V{~å~o XohmÜ`mgíM ^d{V.à{V{~å~íM VËàH$meñ` Vofw g§H«$‘oU d{V gy ©ñ od, ZVw ‘wIñ od gpÝZ{Y‘mÌoU,B{V {ZUuV§ ""`Wm ObñW Am^mg''(^mJ.nwam.3&27&12) BË`Ì V¥Vr`ñ`gßVqdeo AÜ`m o.

ñdßZmpË‘H$m`m… ~w{Õd¥Îmo… ñdê$n‘² : EdÄM nyd©H¥$Vñ` àmaãYH$‘©U… nŠdñ` OmJ«{V ’$b^moJmo moJonm. o.27 {H«$`‘mUo

Amhmal‘m{X{^… Xm {ZÐm d{V, VXm "ñdmn…'-ñdßZd¥{Îm…. VÌ A § öX`XoemV²{Z…g¥Ë` "{hVm'{^YmZmgw ewŠb-Zrb-h[aV-bmo{hV-nrV-ag^¥VmgwH o $eghò^mJdX ² AÊdrf w ZmS > rf w ÛmgßV{V-ghò-g§»`mH$ mg wVñ`mÝVñ`mpÄMX²nm.ô.28 B©ídaoÀN>m{XdeoZ AÝV~©{h…H$aUm{Z AmXm` n[adV©Vo,VXm M¡VÝ`gL²H$moMZoZ ~{h[apÝÐòfw ‘Z{g M àH$memg§H«$‘mV² à{V{~å~mo Z^d{V, ~wÕçh§H$ma`moaodVw ^d{V, VXm ~w{Õg{hVmo Ah§H$mamÜ`mgoZ ñdmßZ§gwIXw…Im{X ^wL²>ŠVo. VÌ àH$memo ^JdVmo, {df`íM ‘m{`H$mo, ^moJo ~w{Õ…H$aU§, ^moJíM Ah§H$mao. `Xm nwZ… {ZÐm`m§ V‘g… CÐoH$… B©ídaoÀN>m{XdemV²,VXm A`§ V¡… gd£… gh nwarV{V à{de{V. nwÊS>arH$mH$mamo ‘m§g{nÊS>mo öX`§,VÛopîQ>Vm… ZmS>ç… "nwarVV²'-eãXoZ CÀ`ÝVo. VXm gwfwpßV…. H$Xm{MX² Jd{XÀN>`mVñ` öX`ñ` AÝVa², `… "AmH$me'eãXdmÀ`… na‘mË‘m, VÌ gånÚ eoVo.{Û{dYm`m‘{n gwfwßVm¡ H$‘m©g§gJm©X² Xw…Im^md…. {ÛVr`ñ`m§ na‘mZÝX… B{V {deof….VV… nwZ… Jd{XÀN>m{XdeoZ na‘mË‘Z… gH$memV² gd}fm§ àmUmXrZm‘² AmË‘mÝVmZm§ì wÀMaU§ VVmo OmJaUo ñdñWmZpñW{V… nydm}ŠVarË`m VÎmXZw dm{X… M B{V.

g{dH$ënH$kmZOZZo Z¡`m{`H$m{^‘V-g§`moJgå~ÝY-K{Q>V-àUmS>r-{d‘e©… :

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *""AmË‘m ‘Zgm g§ wÁ`Vo, ‘Z… BpÝÐ oU, BpÝÐ`‘² AW}Z,B{VH«$‘oU AmË‘Ý od kmZ‘² CËnÚVo'' B{V AmË‘Y‘©Ëd§ OÝ`kmZñ`* Amhþ….

VÎmw lw{V{damoYmXod AnmñV§, {d^mo… {Zad`dñ` AmË‘Z… g§`moJ§ à{VH$V¥©Ëdm`moJmV² M. ZM *AÝ`VaH$‘©OEd g§ moJ… VÌ AñVw* B{V dmÀ §, ‘ZgEdH$V¥©ËdmnmVmV², Vñ ¡d {H«$`ml`ËdmX², Ordo JwUmYrZËdoZ H$V¥©Ëdm`moJmX² B{V.

CŠV{df o ‘m`mdmXm{^‘V-à{V{~å~-àUmS>r-{d‘e©… : ‘m`mdm{XZñVw *~«÷mË‘H$‘² EH$‘od kmZ§ ñdrH¥$Ë` ~wÕm¡ Vñ` à{V{~å~§,

Vñ ¡d ì`mdhm[aH$kmZËd§ M A“rH¥$Ë`, {MXwnamJmdaU^“m oXm{^ì`pŠVnjmZ²Ordñ` {H$pÄMÁkËdm`* Amhþ….

VX{n Ag“V§, à{V{~å~ñ` dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV², ~«÷Umo Zrê$nËdmV²,~wÕoíM AñdÀN>ËdmV². Xn©UdV² {H$pÄMÔoemdpÀN>ÝZñdÀN>Ëd‘² A“rH¥$ËÀmH$meñòd ~«÷U… à{V{~å~m“rH$mao@{n ~«÷U… gpÀMXmZÝXê$nËdoZgXmZÝX`moa{n à{V{~å~mnmVmV². ZM BîQ>mn{Îm…, kmZdV² V`moa{n ^mZmnÎmo…,gd©Xm gd}fm‘² AÝV…earañW-gd©kmZmnÎmo… M; à{V{~å~mYmaËd`mo½`m`m§ ~wÕm¡kmZñ od AmÝVamUm§ ZmS>çmXrZm§ gpÝZ{hVËdoZ VËà{V{~å~o@{n ~mYH$m^mdmV².{H$ÄM A{dÚm`m § ~ «÷à{V{~å~^yVmZm § OrdmZm § ì`mnH$V`m ñdV…gd©nXmW©g§g¥îQ>ËdmX² ~mYH$m^mdoZnm.ô.29 A{dÚm`m‘{n gd©à{V{~å~gå^doZVÎmËg§gJ} {ÛJwUrH¥$Ë` OmVo gd©VmXmËå`mnÝZñ` ~«÷U{Q>.1Bd Vofm‘{n gd©g§g¥îQ>ËdmV²gm{jËdmV² M d¥qÎm {dZ¡d ñdê$nM¡VÝòZ gdm©d^mgH$Vm`m… eŠ`dMZËdoZ~«÷dV² gd}fm§ gd©kVm ñ`mV²{Q>.2. ZM *AÝV…H$aU oXoZ à‘mV¥ oXmV² VXZmn{Îm…{Q>.3,ì`mnH$ËdoZ gd}fm§ gdm©ÝV…H$aUg§g¥îQ>V`m à‘mV¥ oXñ`m{n A{H$pÄMËH$aËdmV².g§gJ©Vm¡ë o EH$ñ ¡d EH$mÝV…H$aUd¡{e- îQ>ç§nm. o.30 Z Anañ` BË`Ì hoËd^mdmV².AÑîQ>mXrZm§{Q>.4hoVwVmH$ënZñ`m{n AZoZ¡d Ý`m oZ {Za{gVw§ eŠ`ËdmV².

155 156

*ZZw XyfUJ«mgmV² ‘m AñVw ì`mnH$mZoH$OrddmX… {H$ÝVw ì`mnH¡$H$OrddmXmoAñVw. VWmM Vñ` gd©kVm`m‘ BîQ>mn{Îm…* B{V MoV², gË`‘² BîQ>mn{Îm… ñ`mX²`{X EH$Ì¡d gd©kVm ñ`mV² ZM Ed‘², A{deofU EH$ñ ¡d gd©earam{YîR>mZo {Q>.5

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161 162

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(‘wÊS>.3&2&3) B{V lwVm¡ BVagmYZ{ZamgoZ CnbjU{dY`m {ZañVËdmX², CÎmamY}(Ðï>.""`‘od¡f d¥UwVo VoZ bä`ñVñ ¡f AmË‘m {dd¥UwVo VZw§ ñdm‘²'' BË`pñ‘ÝZ§eo: ‘wÊS>.3&2&3) daUñ` bm^gmYZËdH$WZo ñdñ ¡d VZw{ddaUgmYZËdmoŠVo…M. daUÄM AZwJ«h…. gM Y‘m©ÝVa‘od ZVw ’$b{XËgm, ""`ñ`mZwJ«h{‘ÀN>m{‘''( ) B{V dmŠ`mV². gM ^pŠV~rO^yVmo AVmo ""^ŠË`m ‘m‘{ÔmZm{V''(^J.JrVm.18&55) "^ŠË`mËdZÝ``m eŠ`…'' (^J.JrVm.11&54)""^ŠË`mh‘oH$`m J«mô`…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&14&21) BË`m{Xfw Z {damoY….AdVmaXem`mÝVw ""‘m§ gd} ní`ÝVw'' BË`mH$m[aH$`m gm‘mÝòÀN>`m{n Xe©Z§;VÌm{n, ZmZm{dYm{^… Wm ""‘ëbmZm‘e{Z…...'' (^mJ.nwam.10&43&17) BË`mXm¡.

1. {df`m{lVmdaUnj{ZamgoZ¡d B{V AW©… (A). 2 Obo d¥jà{V{~å~ñWbod¥jmUm§ Ñí`‘mZËdoZ AmdaUñ` A^mdmV² Ho$dbEd {djonB{V Z CŠVXyfUmn{Îm…BË`V… Amh… (A).

EdÄM ^ŠË`m gm‘mÝ oÀN>`m M B{V ÛoYm Xe©Z‘². C^`Wm{n à‘o ~b‘odH$maU{‘{V Z {damoY…. ñdgmYZgm‘½a²çm{X{^… Xe©ZkmZÝVw A{^‘mZ‘mÌmV².AVEd ""A{dkmV§ {dOmZVm§ {dkmV‘² A{dOmZVm‘²'' (Ho$Zmon.2&3) BË`m{Xlw{V…g“ÀN>Vo. ""‘Zg¡dmZwÐîQ>ì`…'' (~¥h.Cn.4&4&19) BË`mXmd{n à‘o ~bmZwJ¥hrV‘odVX{^àoV{‘{V lwË`ÝVam{damoYm` AZwgÝYo ‘² B{V ew ‘².


àË`jà‘mH$aU{Zê$nH$mo V¥Vr`… Va“…g‘mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr

163 164

1. VÛmZ² B{V H$ K L> nmR>ofw ZmpñV. 2. J«hUo nyd©ê$nñ` B{V A InmR>`mo… J¥hrVnmR>ñVw H$ J M nmR>mZwamoYmV². 3. ê$nÛmaH$‘² B{V A nmR>o ZmpñVAm emoY{ZH$m I J nmR>`mo… Cnbä`Vo. 4. K«mUmXrZm§ Ðì`J«mhH$Ëdñ` B{V H$nmR>…. 5. VWm VÕ‘m©… M. {H$ÄM Ho$dbmË‘m bm¡{H$H$àË`jm{df`… B{V AnmR>o Zmonbä`Vo Am emoY{ZHo$ § H$ I nmR>`mo… AZwdV©Vo. 6. Zm{n Vm‘gopÝÐ`ñ`B{V Am emoY{ZH$m. 7. A^mñdaBË`MmjwfËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V B{V I nmR>moAewÕ…. 8. ^mdm{X{V {d{eîQ>ËdoZ B{V H$ nmR>…, ^mdm{X{V {d{eîQ>ñ` B{VI nmR>…. VWm^mdm{X{d{eîQ>ËdoZ B{V J nmR>…. J¥hrVñVw A Am nmR>mZwamoYoZ.9. Y{‘© B{V H$ M nmR>`mo…. 10. wJnX² B{V A nmR>r § emoYZ§ Am H$ I JnmR>ofw ZmpñV. 11. {Vamo mdEd KQ>nQ>mÚm{d^m©d B{V Am emoY{ZH$m I nmR>o{ndV©Vo. 12. Bh I nmR>o H«$‘ôX… nmR>ôXíMm{n Ñí`Vo. VWm{h ""g§`moJ…g§`wŠVVmXmËå`§ g§`wŠV{deofUVm VmXmËå`§ ñdê$n‘² B{V. J¥hrVñVw Am H$nmR>mZwamoYoZ. 13. gd© mdgmYmaUm B{V Am I nmR> mo…. 14. ""AZmdaH$ËdmV²...VX²J«mhH$gm‘½a²ç¡d J¥øVo'' BË oVmdX² mJo Am I J K L> M nmR>ofw AVrdn§pŠVH«$‘d¡gmÑí § Ñí`Vo VÌ AJ{VH$J{VHo$Z ‘`m A nmR>¡H${Z ©aoU ^mì`{‘{VVXZwgaU‘². 15. {^ÝZËd‘² B{V A H$ J ì`{V[aŠVofw Z Cnbä`Vo. 16.àË`mn{ÎmËd‘² B{V Am I nmR>`mo…. 17. ñd`mo½`V`m {gÜ`X¡pÝÐ`H$Ëd B{V H$J nmR>`mo…. 18. ZoÌmÝVamZw dñ` B{V H$ nmR>mo AewÕmo ^m{V. 19. lwË`mXm¡ B{VH$ nmR>ñVw AewÕ…. 20. kmnZñ` B{V Am I nmR>`mo…. 21. d¥{Îm{df`mAZwd¥{Îm… B{V H$ J nmR>`mo…. 22. "VÌ' B{V A Am{X gd} nmR>m…, "Vñ`' B{VCnbãY‘ybJrVmnmR>mZwamoYoZ. 23. ""ZM Z`ZmZm§ {H$aUm"rH$mao... VXodMbm¡{H$H$ì`dhma{df`…'' B{V nÄMmeËn§ŠË`mË‘H$mo mJ… H$ J nmR> moaod Cnbä`VoZmÝ ofw Ho$fw{MV². 24. VËgÎdmX² B{V J nmR>o. 25. ~wÕçmH$mañ` ‘m{`H$Ëd‘{nB{V H$ nmR>o. 26. ""‘ZgíM... ê$nÛ`‘od wŠV‘² B{V'' B{V Am emoY{ZH$mA K L> M nmR>ofw Zmonbä`Vo. 27. A nmR>mo AdmÀ`mjamo, OmJ«{V ’$b^moJo B{VH$ J nmR>`mo…, OmJ«{V ’$b^moJmo ^mJ¡… B{V Am ’$b^moJmo ^moJ¡… B{V I nmR>oK L> M nmR>ofw ’$b^moJmo ^moJo B{V. 28. Vñ`m§-Vñ`m§{MXrídaoÀN>m{X B{V AAm I K L> nmR>ofw H$ J M nmR>ofw Vñ`m§ Vñ`m§ Šd{MX² B©ídaoÀN>m B{V. 29.g§g¥ï>Ëdm~mYH$m^mdoZ B{V A nmR>o Am I J K L> M nmR>ofw g§g¥ï>ËdmX² ~mYH$m^mdoZB{V. 30. EH$ñ ¡d AÝV…H$aUd¡{eï>ç‘² B{V H$ nmR>o. 31. à‘mÌ oXo... gmú` oXoB{V Am I J M à‘mV¥ oXo... gm{j oXo B{V H$ K L> nmR>ofw. 32. AÝV…H$aUñ`

AÝV…gpÝZ{hVËdmX² B{V I nmR>o ZmpñV. AÝV…H$aUñ`mÝVa§ gpÝZ{hVËdmX² B{VA nmR>mo. J¥hrVñVw H$ J nmR>mZwgmaoU. 33. H$maUmH$maUg§ moJmX² B{V Am InmR>`mo…. 34. ...g§g¥ï>ËdoZ gd£… V¡… H$ J M nmR>`mo…. 35. {Zê$ß`Vm‘² B{V H$nmR>…. 36. ^yVofw B{V A Am J nmR>ofw I K L> nmR>ofw ZmpñV. 37.AÝV…H$aUd¡OmË`ñ`m{n H$ J nmR>`mo…, ~{h…H$aUd¡OmË`ñ`m{n Aà`moOH$ËdmX²B{V I nmR>o. 38. VXwnJ‘o lw{V{damoYmX² B{V Am emoY{ZH$m. 39. VXZZw dmnÎmoíMB{V A Am I nmR>ofw. J¥hrVñVw H$ J nmR>mZwgmaoU AWm©ZwamoYoZ M.

165 166

*AZw{‘{Và‘mH$aU{Zê$nH$… MVwW©… Va“…*

{df`monH«$‘… :Ed§ {deof~moYm` àË`j§ {d{Zê${nV‘²&AZw‘mZopËdVadX² Z {deofmo@pñV H$íMZ&&VWm{n ~mb~moYm` àH«$mÝVñ`m{n nyV© o&à{H«$`m§ H$mpÄMX² Am{lË` VËñdê$n§ {Zê$ß`Vo&&

AZw‘mZm{XbjUofw AZw{‘{Và‘mH$aUbjU‘² : "AZw{‘{VH$aU‘²'=AZw‘mZ‘². XÊS>m{XdmaUm` "{‘{V'B{V. Mjwam{XdmaUm`

"AZw'B{V. H$aUì wËn{Îm~moYZm` "H$aU‘²' B{V. AZw{‘Vo… ’$bËdoZ ñd§ à{Vñdñ` H$aUËdm`moJmV². AV… g‘w{XV‘² CnmÎm‘².

ZM *bjUbú`VmdÀN> oXH$`m o … E oŠ`mV ² emãX~m oYmZ wnnpËV…,"AZw‘mZ'nXdmÀ`Ëdñ` bú`VmdÀN>oH$ËdoZ AXmofmX²* B{V Ho${MV².

dñVwVñVw emãX~moYñ` epŠVJ«hmYrZËdoZ J¥hrVeŠVo… bjUrèãXoä`mo,""AZw{‘Vo… gå~pÝY H$aU‘²'' B{V ~moYñ` gwIoZ CnnÎ`m eL²H$m`mEd AZwX`mV²VX ¡Š` o@{n AXm ofmX ² B{V ` wŠV‘². *ZZ w à{VkmdmŠ`ldUo ""{H$‘ ²"AZw‘mZ'nXdmÀ`§?'' B{V AmH$m¬m`m§ VËnyV©ò bjU-dmŠ`-H$WZmX²""AZw{‘{VH$aU‘² "AZw‘mZ'nXdmÀ §'' B{V ~moYmo {dd{jVB{V, EoŠ`m“rH$maoVñ` AZwnnpËVaod* B{V MoV², Z, "AZw‘mZ'nXdmÀ`Ëdñ` lmoV¥~wÕçmê$T>ËdoZlwVo AZw‘mZnXmW} VmÑe~moYñ` AW©~bmXod {gÕo….

AZw{‘{Và‘mbjU‘² : ""kmZH$aUH§$ kmZ‘²''=AZw{‘{V…. AmË‘dmaUm` "H$aUH$‘²' B{V,

doXmÝVZ o Vñ` kmZê$nËdmV². àË`jdmaUm` "kmZ...'B{V.

ZM *ñ‘¥Voa{n g§ñH$maÛmam AZw dOÝ`ËdoZ kmZH$aUH$ËdmX², Cn{‘Voa{nA{VXoe-dmŠ`mW©-ñ‘aUÛmam gmÑí`kmZOÝ`ËdmV², VXw^`dmaUm`"ì`mpßVkmZo'{V dŠVì`‘²*B{V dmÀ`§, {gÕmÝVo gmÑí`kmZmXo… ghH$m[aV`m{ZdoeoZ, Cn{‘Vo… Mjwam{XH$aUH$ËdoZ VÌ A{Vì`mßË`^mdmV². g§ñH$mañ`MAZw^dgyú‘mdñWmê$nËdmX² AdñWm`míM ñdê$nmZ{V[aŠVËdmV² ñ‘¥Voa{nkmZH$aUH$Ëdm^mdoZ VÌm{n A{Vì`mßË`^mdmV² M VmdV¡d V`mo… dmaUmV².H$aU^yV§ kmZ§ ì`mpßVkmZ‘od B{V ’$b~bmXod Adgr`Vo. AVmo Z H$m{nAZwnnpËV…. ZM "ì`mpßVH$aUH$‘²' B{V gå`J², AkmVm`m… Vñ`m…AZw{‘ËÒZH$ËdmV². Zm{n "ì`mpßVkmZOÝ`‘²' B{V wŠV§, ì`mpßVkmZmZwì`dgm oA{Vì`mßVo…. AVEd "km`‘mZì`mpßVOÝ`‘²' BË`{n Z, AZwì`dgmò{df`kmZmË‘Zm§ Ì`mUm‘{n {df`ËdoZ OZH$V`m Vñ` VmÑeì`mpßVOÝ`ËdmV².`Ûm ""nam‘¥î`‘mU{b“-{b"“am‘fm©Ý`Va-ì`mnmaH$-kmZH$aUH§$ kmZ§= gm''VoZ ì`mpßVkmZ-gmÜ`kmZ-hoVwkmZmXo… H$aUËdo@{n Z j{V… ì`mnmaoU Xmof{ZamgmV².AÌ {b“ì`mnmanjo AVrVmZmJVYy‘mV² Z AZw{‘{V… B{V àmJod Cnnm{XV‘².nam‘f©ì`mnmanjñVw ‘VmÝVa~moYZ‘mÌmW©….

AZw{‘{V{b“bjU‘² :

""ì`mpßV{d{eîQ>Ëdo g{V njY‘©Ëd§''={b“Ëd‘².

njbjU‘² : njËdÄM=""Amhm`m©Zmhm`m©Ý`Va-gÝXoh-{df`-gmÜ`H$Ëd‘²''. VoZ

{ggmY{`fm`m§ gË`m‘² Amhm ©-g§e`-{df`Vm-gÎdmV² gmÜ`-{ZíM`-gÎdo@{nZ hm{Z….

ì`mpßVbjU‘² : ì`mpßVñVw=""Aì`{^M[aV§ hoVmo… gmÜ`g‘mZm{YH$aÊ`‘²''. ""`Ì-`Ì

167 168

hoVw… VÌ-VÌ gmÜ §-`Ì-`Ì gmÜ`m^md… VÌ-VÌ hoËdm^md…'' B{V {Z`‘moAì`{^Mma…, V{Û{eîQ>Ëd‘² Aì`{^M[aVËd‘².

hoVwbjU‘² : ""{ggmY{`fm`m § gË`m § gmYH$ËdoZ CnmXr`‘mZËd§''=hoV wËd‘².

"{ggmY{`fm{df`Ëd§'=gmÜ`Ëd‘².

hoVwgmÜ``mo… ì`mpßVKQ>H$gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`bjU‘² :"EH$m{YH$aUd¥pËVËd§'=gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`‘². VWmM ""CŠVê$nmì`{^Mma{d{eîQ>§

hoVw{ZîR>§ gmÜ`m{YH$aUd¥pËVËd§''=ì`mpßV… B{V AW©….

BX‘od gm§»`àdMZgyÌo CŠV§ ""{Z`VY‘©gm{hËò C^`mo… EH$Vañ` dmì`mpßV…'' (gm§.à.gy.5&29) B{V.

"C^`mo…'=g‘ì`mpßVH$`mo…, H¥$VH$Ëdm{ZË`Ëdm{Xê$n`mo… "EH$-Vañ`' {df‘ì`mpßVH$ñ` Y y‘mX o … "{Z`VY‘ ©gm{hË` o 'Aì`{^M[aVY‘©ê$no gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ o "ì`mpßV…' "ì`mpßV'eãX… {eï>¡…à wÁ`Vo B{V AW©….

d¡ mgXe©ZmXm¡ bjUm^mdmX² AmpñVH$emñÌJVËdmX²{Q>.1 A{déÕ‘² BX‘odbjU‘² Añ‘m{^… AmÑV‘².

EdÄM ""dpôZ‘mZ Yy‘mX²'' BË`mXm¡ Yy‘{ZîR>§ VmÑemì`{^Mma{d{eîQ>§dpôZgm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`‘² AñVr{V bjUg‘Ýd`…. AÌ ‘hmZgmXm¡ dôZo…

1. ZZw d¡`mgXe©Zo A{damoYmÜ`mò H$m{nb-Jm¡V‘‘V`mo… C^`moa{n{ZamH$aUXe©ZmV² H$W{‘h EH$Vañ` njnmV… B{V MoX² ‘¡d§ ""gm§»`mo ~hþ{dY…àmoŠVñVÌ¡H$… gËà‘mUH$mo Aï>mqde{VVÎdmZm§ ñdê$n§ `Ì d¡ h[a…. gm§»`{‘{V

`X² ‘V§ VX² ~«÷dmXEd à{de{V''(V.Xr.{Z.à.1&93) B{V AmMm ©dMZ‘ybH§${dYmZ‘² BX{‘{V {deofñVw VVEd kmVì`‘². d¡ mgXe©ZmonOrì`mgw Cn{ZfËñd{n""VËH$maU§ gm§»``moJm{YJå`‘²''(ídoVm.Cn.6&13) BË`m{XdMZmonbå^mV² M.(í`m)

Yy‘-gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`-Xe©ZmX² ""Yy‘dmZ² dôZo…'' BË`mXm¡ A{Vì`mpßVdmaUm`"Aì`{^M[aV‘²' B{V, A`…{nÊS>mXm ¡ Vñ` gmÜ`ì`{^MmamV². `Ú{n"Aì`{^M[aV-gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`'-‘mÌ§ VÐÿn§ VWm{n gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`ñ`gå~pÝYH$V`m gå~pÝY~moYZm` "hoVw'-"gmÜ`'nXo. Zm{n ""Aì`{^M[aV§ hoVmo…gmÜ`‘²'' BË oVmdV¡d {Zdm©hmo, ì`mßVo… hoVwY‘©ËdmV². ""H$WpÄMX² JwU yVËdoZì`d{õ`‘mU… AmYo`mo AW©…'' B{V VëbjUmV². ZM *Ed‘{n nd©Vr`Yy‘o‘hmZgr`-dpôZgm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`m^mdmX² Aì`mpßVVmXdñÏ`‘²*B{V eL²H$ç§,hoVwgmÜ``mo… hoVwVmdpÀN>ÝZ-gmÜ`VmdpÀN>ÝZËdmä`m§ {deofUr`ËdoZ AXmofmV².

*ZM *Yy‘md`dofw Yy‘gËdmX² dôZo… M AgÎdmX² AÝd`ì`{^Mma…,g‘dm`gå~YoZ dôÝ`^mdd{V ‘hmZgmXm¡ Yy‘gÎdmX² ì`{VaoH$ì`{^Mma…M*eL²H$çmo, hoVwVmdÀN>oXH$-gmÜ`VmdÀN>oXH$-gå~ÝYmdpÀN>ÝZËdmä`m‘{n V`mo…{deofUr`ËdmV². Zm{n *EVËjUrò Yy‘o nyd©jU-d¥{ÎmËd-{d{eîQ>-dpôZ-gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`m^mdmX² Aì`mpßV…*B{V dmÀ §, VÌ d¡{eîQ²>çmZdpÀN>ÝZËdñ`m{n{deofUr`ËdmX²* B{V Ho${MV².

dñVwVñVw {ggmY{`fmoX`mZÝVa§ hoVwgmÜ`^mdoZ VV… nydª VX^mdmV² Vñ`dôZo… AgmÜ`ËdoZ VXgm‘mZm{YH$aÊ o@{n AXmofmV². {ggmY{`fmoÎma-jUmË‘H$-jUmV² nyd©jUËd{ddj`m Aì`mßË wX² mdZÝVw H$mH$XÝV{dMmamZwH$m[a, AmàmH¥$V‘²AmM-npÊS>V§ nydm}ŠVar{VH$-ì`mpßVkmZ‘mÌoU AZw{‘{VXe©Zñ` gmd©OZrZËdmV².EVoZ dpôZKQ>mo^`mdpÀN>ÝZ-à{V`mo{JVmH$-dôÝ`^mdd{V Ho$dbdpôZXoeoYy‘Xe©ZoZ ì`{VaoH$ì`{^MmaJ«mgmV² à{gÕmZw‘mZo Aì`mpßVeL²H$m{n {ZañVmko m, ì`mgÁ`-d¥{ÎmY‘m©dpÀN>ÝZm^md-ñWbo gmÜ`Xe©ZoZ ""g{deofUo {h''{Q>.1

B{V Ý`m`mX² A^mdñ` C^`ËdEd {dlmÝVo… M. Ed‘² AÝ o@{n {dMmam… ñd`‘²D$ô` {ZagZr`m….

169 170

1. ""g{deofUo àgŠVm¡ {d{Y{ZfoYm¡ {deofU‘od Cng§H«$m‘V… {deoîò~mYHo$ g{V'' B{V Ý`m`…(Ðï>. : w.bm¡.Ý`m.gm.156)(í`m).

EdÄM ""gmÜ`mË`ÝVm^mddXd¥{ÎmËd§''/""gmÜ`dXÝ`md¥{ÎmËd§'' M ZA{VXwîQ>‘². ZM *""ko`§ dmÀ`ËdmX²'' BË`mXm¡ Ho$dbmÝd{`gmÜ`Ho$ AZw‘mZogmÜ`mË`ÝVm^mdñ` gmÜ`dXÝ`ñ` M A^mdmX² Aì`mpßV…*B{V eL²H$ç§, nao~«ô‘{U ""`Vmo dmMmo {ZdV©ÝVo Aàmß` ‘Zgm gh'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&4&1) BË`m{XlwË`mko Ëdm{X-{ZfoYmV², gd©Ìm{n Ho$Z{MÐÿnoU ko Ëdm{XgÎdo@{n ê$nmÝVaoU VX^mdñ`gmd©OZrZËdmV² M. Ho$dbmÝd{`gmÜ`H$mZw‘mZñ ¡d A^mdmV², à‘o Ëdo à‘o Ëdñ`,dmÀ`Ëdo dmÀ`Ëdñ` M `Wmgå^d‘² Aà‘m{UH$mZdñWmË‘ml``mo… {^`m dŠVw‘²AeŠ`ËdmV² à‘o`ËdmÚ^mdñ` VÌ¡d {gÕo… M. Zm{n *Aì`mß`d¥{ÎmgmÜ`Ho$""H${ng§`mo{J EVX² d¥jËdmX²'' BË`mXm¡ gmÜ`mË`ÝVm^mddXd¥{ÎmËdñÀì`mßVËd§*eL²H$ç§, ÑîQ>o H${ng§ moJo {gÕgmYZËdoZ AÑîQ>o M AhoVwËdoZ Vñ`XwaZw‘mZËdmV². AV…{Q>.1 VÛmaUmWª à{V`mo{Jì`{YH$aUËdoZ `V² gmÜ`m^md§{deof`pÝV VX{n ‘wY¡d. `X{n ""hoV wg‘mZm{YH$aUm…{Q>.2`mdÝV… VogmÜ`g‘mZm{YH$aUm… VËd§ ì`mpßV…'' B{V bjU§, VX{n `mdËdñÀZoH$nXmW©K{Q>VËdoZ Anojm~w{Õ{deof{df`ñdê$n`mdÎdm“rH$mao@{n Anojm~wÕo…""A`‘²-A`‘²-A`‘²•EVo gd}'' B{V AmH$maH$ËdoZ VÎmËnXmW©{df`H$V`mAZoH$nXmW©-K{Q>VËdmZnm oZ à{Vn{ÎmJm¡adJ«ñV‘od. mdËdñ` ì`mnH$Ëdê$nËdo@{nì`mnH$Ëdñ` VX²dpÝZîR>mË`ÝVm^mdmà{V`mo{JËdê$nV`m A^mdÛ`{ZdoeoZCŠVV wë`H$j‘ od. AV… EVXn oj`m""hoVw‘pÝZîR>mË`ÝVm^mdmà{V`mo{JgmÜ`gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`§ ì`mpßV…'' B{V bjU§nydm}ŠV{ddjm‘mÌoU¡d {Zd©hVr{V VXod gmYw B{V {XH²$.

eL²H$amMm`m©ñVw-JmonmbKw{Q>H$m`m§nm. o.1 Yy‘ñ` gËdoZ dôZo… M AgËdoZà{gÕmZw‘mZo ì`{^Mma§ Xe© pÝV.

ZM *A{dpÀN>ÝZ-‘ybm^ « ± pëbh-Yy‘boIm`mEd h oV wËd‘ ² B{V{MÝVm‘Ê`wŠV‘{n*gå`H²$, ñdënYy‘oZ AÝ`Ì AZw{‘Ë`ZwX`mnÎmo…. Zm{n*A{dpÀN>ÝZ‘ybËd‘mÌ‘² AÌ {dd{jV‘²*B{V wŠV§, JmonmbKw{Q>H$m`m§

1. {MÝVm‘{UbjUo {H$pÄMX² Amhþ…(H$). 2. ‘ÄOarbjU‘²(H$).VWmËdo@{n dh²Ý`^mdmV². ZM *CËn{ÎmXoeñ ¡d ‘ybËd‘² AVmo Z Xmof…*BË`{n

`wŠV§, VWm{n Jwbr`ÝÌYy‘o ì`{^Mmañ` Xwdm©aËdmV². Jwbr`ÝÌmV² {ZJ©Ë` Xya§JVm`m‘od Jw{bH$m`m§ ÝÌ‘wIo Yy‘Xe©ZmV². ZM *VÌ Ap½ZbmnZXoeEd ‘yb‘²*B{VwŠV§, VÌ VXdgao Yy‘mZwnbå^mV². Zm{n `ÝÌmÝVX}e… VWm, ‘mZm^mdmV². AVmo

dpôZ… nyd©‘² Am¡fYo à{dí` VVmo Jw{bH$m§ à{dí` Améô` ~{hJ©ÀN>ÝZod Yy‘‘²CËnmÚ `mVr{V `ÝÌ‘wI§ dm dpôZË`ŠVmÝVX}emo dm ‘ybXoe…. VÌM Xe©ZmdgaodôÝ`^mdmV² VÐrË`m Z¡`m{`H${nÌm{n ì`{^Mmamo Z dma{`Vw§ eŠ`…. VWmMA{ZË o dñVw{Z gmÜ` yVo gmÜ`ñ` hoVwnyd©H$mbrZ-gÎmm‘mÌñ ¡d AZw{‘{V… ZVwVÔoeH$mb{d{eîQ>m`mA{n gÎmm`m…. {ZË oVw gmÜ o H$mb{d{eîQ>m`mA{n BË`m{X~moÜ`‘².

àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘… :

VÀM gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`§ ^y`… gH¥$X² dm Xe©ZoZ à{‘V§ gV² hoVwXe©ZmV²g§ñH$mamo×moYo ñ‘¥{VnW‘² Amamoh{V. VV… VËñ‘aUmoÎma§ hoVw… gmÜ § {ZíMm``{V.`Wm ‘hmZgmXm¡ {ZpíMVo, Yy‘ñ` dh²Ý`ì`{^M[aV-gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ o, níMmV²nd©VmXm¡ ÑîQ>o Yy‘o, VËñ‘aUmoÎma§, Yy‘mo dpôZ§ {ZíMm``{V ""Yy‘Xoeo dpôZ…''B{V. g {ZíM`mo AZw{‘{V…. Vñ`M H$maU§ km`‘mZ§ {b“‘² B{V CŠV‘².

Ho${MÎmw {b“"kmZ§ H$maU‘² Amhþ…. C^`Wm{n gå~pÝYì`{^Mmam^mdmV² ZAZw{‘Vo… `WmW©Ëdhm{Z….

AZw{‘{VÛ¡{dÜ`‘² : AZw‘mZÄM {Û{dY§ : Ho$dbì`{VaoŠ`Ýd`ì`{Vao{H$ oXmV².

Ho$dbì`{VaoŠ`Zw‘mZ{Zê$nU‘² :

171 172

VÌ njì`{V[aŠVo `ñ` hoVm o… gmÜ`ghMmam o Z bä`Vo {H$ÝVwì`{VaoH$ì`mpßV‘mZ² g hoVw… Ho$dbì`{VaoH$s. VmÑehoVwH§$ `X² AZw‘mZ§ VV² VWm.`Wm ""n¥{Wdr BVaoä`mo {^ÚVo n¥{WdrËdmX²'' BË`m{X.

AÝd`ì`{VaoŠ`Zw‘mZ{Zê$nU‘² : hoVwgmÜ``mo… gmÜ`m^md-hoËd^md`moíM `Ì ì`mpßV… gmo AÝd`ì`{VaoH$s

hoVw…. VmÑehoVwH§$ `X² AZw‘mZ§ VV² VWm. `Wm ""nd©Vmo dpôZ‘mZ² Yy‘mX²'' B{Và{gÕmZw‘mZ‘².

{Û{dYm`mA{n AZw{‘Vo… ñdmW©namW© oXoZ AdmÝVamo oX… : BX§ {Û{dY‘{n ñdmW©namW© oXmV² nwZ… {Û{dY‘². VÌ ñdmW©ÝVw CŠV‘od. namWª

Ý`m`nyd©H$‘². "Ý`m`mo'Zm‘ Ad`d~moYH§$ dmŠ`‘². Ad`dmíM Ad`{dàm`ñ`‘hmdmŠ`ñ` Ad`dmBd EH$Xoem….

namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$md`dñdê$no ‘Vd¡{dÜ`‘² : *VoM à{Vkm-hoVyXmhaUmonZ`-{ZJ‘Zm»`m… nÄM, B{V Z¡ m{`H$m… H$m{nbm…

M,-

1.namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$à{Vkmñdê$n‘² : VÌ ""gmÜ`{d{eîQ>njà{VnmXH§$ dmŠ §''=à{Vkm; Wm, ""nd©Vmo dpôZ‘mZ²''

B{V.

2.namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$hoVwñdê$n‘² : VV² Hw$V…? B{V AmH$m¬m`m§ ""nÄMå`ÝV§ ì`mß`à{VnmXH§$ dMZ§''=hoVw…;

`Wm, "Yy‘mX²' B{V.

Hw$Vmo Yy‘ñ` dh²Ý`Zw‘mnH$Ëd‘²? B{V AmH$m¬m`m§, Yy‘o dpôZ{Zê${nVì`mpßV…njY‘©Vm M B{V C o H«$‘oU à{VnmÚo.

3.namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$moXmhaUñdê$n‘² : VÌ ""gì`mpßVH§$ ÑîQ>mÝVdMZ‘²''=CXmhaU§; `Wm, ""`mo-`mo Yy‘dmZ² g-

g dpôZ‘mZ² `Wm ‘hmZg‘²''-""`Xod§ VXod§ `Wm ‘hmZg‘²'' B{V dm, B{VAÝd`ì`mßVm¡. ì`{VaoH$ì`mßVm¡Vw ""`mo Z dpôZ‘mZ² g Z Yy‘dmZ² `Wm õXmo''-""`ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d§ `Wm õX…'' B{V dm.

4.namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$monZ`ñdê$n‘² : ""njo ì`mpßV{d{eîQ>mong§hma…''=CnZ`mo; Wm, ""dpôZì`mß`Yy‘dmZ² A`‘²''

B{V-""VWm M A`‘²'' B{V dm. ì`{VaoHo$Vw ""dh²Ý`^md-ì`mnH$s yVm^md-à{V`mo{J-Yy‘dmZ² A`‘²'' B{V.

5.namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H${ZJ‘Zñdê$n‘² : ""njo gmÜ`mong§hmamo''={ZJ‘Z§; `Wm, ""Vñ‘mX² dpôZ‘mZ²''B{V.

nam‘f©ñdê$n‘² : nam‘f©ñVw, AÝd`ì`mßVm¡, ""{b“ñ` gmÜ`ì`mß`ËdoZ

njY‘©Vm{ZíM`…'', ì`{VaoH$ì`mßVm¡Vw, ""gmÜ`m^md-ì`mnH$m^md-à{V`m o {JËd oZ VWmËd{ZíM`…''. VXmH$ maíM, AÝd` o,""dpôZì`mß`Yy‘dmZ² A`‘²'' B{V, ì`{VaoHo$Vw, ""dôÝ`^md-ì`mnH$m^md-à{V`mo{J-Yy‘dmZ² A`‘²'' B{V ~moÜ`…*

B{V Amhþ….

gm¡JVmñVw *à{VkmoXmhaUmË‘H$-Ûçd`d‘od Ý`m §*ñdrHw$d©pÝV; Wm, ""`V²gV² VV² j{UH§$ `Wm KQ>…'' B{V, VX² A{VpŠbîQ>‘².

‘r‘m§gH$mñVw Ë`d`d‘² A“rHw$d©pÝV, VÌ, em~a^mî o CXmhaUm{X-{ÌV`- wŠV§; `Wm, ""`V² H$‘© VV² ’$bdX² `mJmo@{n H$‘© VoZm{n ’$bdVm^mì`‘²'' (em~.^m. ) B{V.

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^Å>dm{V©Ho$Vw *à{Vkm{X{ÌV` wŠV§ `X²

""doXñ`mÜ``Z§ gdª Jwd©Ü``Znyd©H$‘²& doXmÜ``Zgm‘mÝ`mX² AYwZmÜ``Z§ `Wm&&''*

(íbmoH$dm{V©.dmŠ`m{Y.366) B{V.

namWm©Zw‘mZKQ>H$md`d{df o ^mÅ>‘Vm“rH$ma… nm¡am{UH$ar{Vg§dmXmV² : BX‘odM wŠV§, ì`mpßV-njY‘©V`mo… Ed§ ~moYgm¡H$`m©V², nwamUofw Ed‘od

Ì`mUm§ à`moJXe©ZmV² M.

`Wm nÄM‘ñH$ÝYo amkm ""H$W‘Zw{‘‘r‘{h'' (^mJ.nwam..5&22&1) B{Vgy m©{XJ{VàíZo lrewH¡$… à wŠV§-

""`Wm Hw$bmbMH«o$U, ^«‘Vm, gh ^«^Vm§ VXml`mUm§{nnr{bH$mXrZm§ J{V… AñË od,nm. o.2 àXoemÝVaoîd{n Cnbä`‘mZËdmX².Ed§ ZjÌam{e{^… Cnb{jVoZ H$mbMH«o$U Y«wd§ ‘oé§ M X{jUV…n[aMaVm gh n[aYmd‘mZmZm§ VXml`mUm§ gy`m©XrZm§ J«hmUm§ J{V…AñË od, ZjÌmÝVao amí`ÝVao M Cnbä`‘mZËdmX².''

(^mJ.nwam.5&22&2) B{V.

hoËdm^mgmZm§ {Zê$nU‘² :

AW hoVwXmofkmZmWª àg“mX² hoËdm^mgm: CÀ`ÝVo :-

VoM : (1)gì`{^Mma-(2){déÕ-(3)gËà{Vnjm-(4)@{gÕ-(5)~m{YV- oXmV² nÄM B{V Z¡ m{`H$m….

(1)VÌ gmÜ`-VX^md-gmYH$V`m àVr`‘mZ… gì`{^Mmamo "AZ¡H$mpÝVH$…'B{V Vñ ¡d Zm‘mÝVa‘². g {Û{dY… : (H$) gmYmaUmo (I)AgmYmaU… M.

VÌ (1/H$)""AÝd`ì`mßË`m gmÜ`VX^md`m o …gmYH$…''=gmYmaU…; `Wm, ""Yy‘dmZ² dôZo…'' B{V.

(1/I)""ì`{VaoH$ì`mßË`m VmÑemo''=AgmYmaU…; `Wm,""eãXmo A{ZË`… eãXËdmX²'' B{V.

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw AZwng§hm[aU‘{n V¥Vr`‘² Amhþ… :

(1/J)VëbjUÝVw "Ad¥{ÎmgmÜ`H$Ëd§'; `Wm, ""AmH$medmZ²{Xe:'' B{V. AÌ ñdê$ngå~ÝYñ` d¥Ë`{Z`m‘H$ËdmV² VWmËd‘² B{VVXme`…. ""Ho$dbmÝd{`-Y‘m©dpÀN>ÝZ-njH$‘²'' BË`{n Šd{MX²; Wm,""gd©‘² A{ZË § à‘o ËdmX²'' B{V. ì`{VaoH$-ì`mpßVJ«h-à{V~ÝYmo AÌXyfH$Vm~rO‘² B{V M.

(2)""gmÜ`mg‘mZm{YH$aUmo hoVw…''={déÕmo; `Wm, ""Jm¡…AídËdmX²'' B{V. A`ÄM ñdê$nm{gÕmV² Z A{V[aÀ`Vo.

(3)""njo gmÜ`Yrà{V~ÝYH$…''=gËà{Vnjmo; `Wm, ""Ob‘² CîU§ñne©dÎdmV²''-""Z CîU‘² AVoOñËdmX²''B{V.

(4)""ì`{^MmamÚÝ`-nam‘f ©-à{V~ÝYH$VmdÀN> oXH$-Y‘©Ëd‘²''=A-

{g{Õ…. gm {ÌYm (H$)ñdê$nm {g{Õ… (I)Aml`m{g{Õ…(J)ì`mß`Ëdm{g{Õ… M.

175 176

(4/H$)""njo hoËd^md…''=ñdê$nm{g{Õ…-""KQ>… n¥- {Wdr nQ>ËdmX²''B{V.

nmW©gma{W{‘lmñVw *~wÕmo Y‘m©Y‘©doXr gd©kËdmV². Z{h gd©kËdñ` {H$pÄMV²ñdê$n‘² ApñV BË`Vmo AÌ ñdê$nm{g{Õ…*B{V Amhþ….

(4/I)""njo njVm`m… A^md…''=Aml`m{g{Õ…; `Wm,""JJZH$‘b§nm.ô.3 gwa{^ H$‘bËdmX²'' B{V. AÌ njo H$‘boJJZr`Ëdm^md….

*""{ZË`‘² AmH$me‘² AZd`dËdmX²'' B{V AmH$memZ“rH$m[aU§gm¡ÌmpÝVH§$ à{V Aml`m{g{Õ… B{V nmW©gma{W{‘lm….

(4/J)""EVX²{^ÝZm A{g{Õ…=ì`mß`Ëdm{g{Õ…;'' `Wm,YybrnQ>bo Yy‘{ZîR>ì`mßË`^md…. gmÜ`mà{g{Õ… hoËdà{g{Õ… dmì`mß`Ëdm{g{Õ….

(5)""njo gmÜèyÝ`Ëd§=~mYmo;'' Wm, ObmXm¡ njo dh²Ý`^md….A`‘od "H$mbmË``mn{XîQ>…' B{V CÀ`Vo.

(6)VWm Cnm{Ya{n Xm of…. bjUÝV w ""gmÜ`ì`mnH$Ëd o g{VgmYZmì`mnH$Ëd‘²''=Cnm{Y… B{V; `Wm, ""H$mH$… í`m‘mo, {‘ÌmVZ`ËdmX²''BË`Ì "emH$nmH$OËd‘²', ""`mJr`m qhgm AY‘©gmYZ§, qhgmËdmX²'' BË`Ì"{Z{fÕËd‘²'. emH$nmH$OËd§{h í`m‘Ëdì`mnH§$, `Ì nwéfo í`m‘Ëd§ VÌemH$nmH$OËdñ` d¡ÚH$mXm¡ {ZU© mX² {‘ÌmVZ`Ëdñ` M Aì`mnH§$ Jm¡ao {‘ÌmVZ oVX^mdmV². Ed§ "{Z{fÕËd‘²'A{n ~moÜ`‘². CnmYm¡ XyfH$Vm~rOÝVw `Wmgå^d§ì`{^MmamoÝZm`H$Ëd§ gËà{VnjmoÝZm`H$Ëd§ M ~moÜ`‘².

EV¡… Xmof¡… eyÝ`mo hoVw… gmÜ`mZw‘mnH$B{V hoVw{dMmao EVo X{e©Vm….

AZw‘mZà‘mUñ` doXmÝVMMm`m©‘² Cn`moJ… : AZw‘mZÄM lw{V-VXZwJ¥hrV-àË`jmonOrdZoZ bmoHo$ ^JdX²JdofUo ì`dhmao

M Cn wÁ`Vo.

VÌ AmÚo Cn`moJ… CŠV… EH$mXeñH$ÝYo :

""AÌ ‘m§ ‘mJ© ÝË`Õm wŠVm hoVw{ârída‘²&J¥h² ‘mU¡Jw©U¡{b©"¡a² AJ«mh² ‘² AZw‘mZV…&&''

(^mJ.nwam.11&7&23) B{V.

à`moJñVw-

""lrH¥$îU… B©ídamo, AdñWm-gmYZ-{déÕ-JmodÕ©ZmoÕa-Um{X-H$m ©-H$V¥©ËdmX². ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d‘² BVadX². Xod§ VXod§ am‘m{XdX².''

B{V.

l w {VeaUmZmÝV w l w Ë` ¡d VmÑekmZgå^dmX ² AÌ "` wŠVm…'(^mJ.nwam.11&7&23) B{V CŠV‘². A{YH$mamZwgmaoU AmnmVV… lwË`m ñdê$n§kmËdm o AÌ {dMmao àd¥Îmm… Vo B{V AW©…. ì`dhmaoVw Cn`moJ… ñ’w$Q>Ed.

Y‘©amOXr{jVmñVw *~«÷{^ÝZ§ gdª {‘Ï`m ~«÷{^ÝZËdmX², `Xod§ VXod§ewpŠVH$maOVdX² B{V OJpÝ‘Ï`mËdgmYZo Cn`moJ‘²*Amhþ….

VV² Z, VÝÌmÝVao àñWmZmÝVao M A{Zd©MZràOVm{gÕçm ÑîQ>mÝVm{gÕo….`WmH$WpÄMV² {gÕmd{n VpÝ‘Ï`mËdo »`mË`ÝVañ` ~wÕçmH$maËdñ ¡d à`moOH$ËdoZ~«÷{^ÝZËdñ` Aà`moOH$ËdmV². ""`XpñV `ÝZmpñV'' ({dîUwnwam.2&12&38)BË`m{XdmŠ ¡… Vofm‘{n ^JdÐÿnËdmX² ""BX§ gdª `X`‘mË‘m'' (~¥h.Cn.4&5&7)

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BË`m{Xlw{V{damoYoZ hoËd{gÕo… M. hoVmo… "àVr`‘mZËd'K{Q>VËdoVw Amo‘² B{V~«y‘…. àmVr{VH$ñ` ~wÕçmH$maËdoZ {‘Ï`mËdñ` Añ‘mH$‘{n A{^àoVËdmV². ""Z`{XX‘J« Amg Z ^{dî`XVmo {ZYZmXZw{‘V‘ÝVam Ëd{` {d^m{V ‘¥f¡H$ago''(^mJ.nwam.10&87&37) BË`m{XdmŠ`¡… AÝVam {d^mVñ` {‘Ï`mËdH$WZmV².à`moJíM ""~«÷mÝ`ËdoZ àVr`‘mZ‘² AdñVw AmÚÝVdËdmV² ñdmpßZH$dV²''. ZM*{dnarVmZw‘mZoZ hoVmo… gmYmaUËd§*eL²H$ç§, ñdmpßZH$mZm§ {‘Ï`mËdñ` nyd©‘odCnnm{XVËdmV², ñdßZo pñÌ`m g§g¥Á`‘mZXem§ XyaXoeJ‘Zm{XXem§ M AZw dVmoOmJaUo pñÌ`m XoemÝVañ` M AXe©ZmV² VËgË`Ëdñ` ~m{YVËdmV² M. ZM*AZoZ OJÝ‘mÌñ` {‘Ï`mËd§*eL²H$ç§, ""{d‘V… ànÄM… ñdmoËH¥$îQ>gÎmmH$-gÑeg¥pîQ>nyd©H$… {‘Ï`mg¥pîQ>ËdmV² ñdmpßZH$dX²'' B{V AZw‘mZoZ, ""BX§ gdª`X`‘mË‘m'' (~¥h.Cn.4&5&7) BË`m{Xlw{V{^…, ""{díd§ d¡ ~«÷ VÝ‘mÌ§ g§pñWV§{dîUw‘m``m `WoXmZt VWmMmJ«o níMmXß oVXrÑe‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&10&12)B{V.""VXoVXj § {ZË § OJÝ‘w{ZdampIb‘² Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdOÝ‘Zme{dH$ëndX²''({dîUwnwam.1&22&60) B{V lr^mJdV-{dîUwnwamU-dmŠ`mä`m§ M AZwJ¥hrVoZËdXwŠV‘² CnJå` {‘Ï`mËdgmYZo@{n ~«÷mË‘H$ñ` ànÄMñ` gË`Vm`m…{Zam~mYËdmV². {‘Ï`mËdÄM-AVÎdo g{V VÎdoZ àVr`‘mZËd§ VÎdoZ H$Ï`‘mZËd§M.

`Îmw ""ñdml`ËdoZ A{^‘V`mdpÝZîR>mË`ÝVm^mdà{V`mo{JËd§ {‘Ï`mËd‘²''(Ð.{MËgwIr.1&7)B{V bjU§ VÎmw ‘m`mdm{XZm‘² AÛ¡V^“m ¡d ZVw AÛ¡VgmYZm`,AZoZ¡d ~«÷{ZîR>ñ` OJXË`ÝVm^mdñ` VËà{V`mo{JËdoZ ê$noU OJV… M {gÕo….`ÀM ""A§{eZ… ñdm§eJmË`ÝVm^mdñ` à{V`mo{JZ…, A§{eËdmX² BVam§erd{XJof¡dJwUm{Xfw'' ({MËgwIr.1&8) B{V gå‘qV àXí`©, ""nQ>… EVV²-VÝVw{ZîR>mË`ÝVm^md-à{V`moJr nQ>ËdmV² nQ>mÝVadX²'' ({MËgwIr VÌ¡d) B{V{‘Ï`mËdgmYZm` AZw‘mZ‘² CnÝ`ñV§, VX{n Ag“V§, àË`joU¡d hoVmo…~m{YVËdmdJ‘mV². *ZZw A{YîR>mZ~«÷gÎmm`m… VÌ {df`Ëd{‘{V Z VoZhoVwXmof{g{Õ…*B{V MoX², "~«÷gÎmm' B{V H$mo AW©…? ""~«÷U… gÎmm'' B{V dm,""~«÷¡d gÎmm''B{V dm? Z AmÚ…, {ZY©‘©H$Ëdmä wnJ‘{damoYmV². Z BVa…, "ZMjwfm J¥h² Vo' (‘wÊS>.Cn.3&1&8) B{V lw{V{damoYmV². ZM *CŠVlw{V{damoYmo~«÷dm{XZmo@{n Vwë`…*B{V eL²H$ç§, Vñ`m… lwVo… ‘ybê$nnaËdmV², Vñ` à‘mU~boZ

AàË`jËdoZ AXmofmV² M; àË`jñ`M K¥VÐdËddX² ~«÷Y‘m©Ë‘H$ËdmV², eofñ`{df`Vmê$nñ` AÝVam ^mZoZ¡d ~«÷Y‘m©Ë‘H$VËgÎmm`m… ^mZmV² M. AVEd""B©joV {d «‘{‘X§ ‘Zgmo {dbmg§ ÑîQ>§ {dZîQ>‘{Vbmob‘bmVMH«§$ {dkmZ‘oH$‘wéYod{d^m{V ‘m`mñdßZpñÌYmJwU{dgJ©H¥$Vmo {dH$ën…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&13&34) BË`m{XdmŠ`mZm‘{n Z {damoYmo, JwU{dgJ©H¥$V{dH$ënñ`¡d "‘Zmo{dbmgËd'H$WZmV².{dH$ënñ`M ‘ZmoY‘©ËdoZ VËà`moOH$ñ` VWmËdoZ AZ{^àoVËdmV². «mÝVm… nwZ…Jm¡S>dm{V©H$ñ` EVÝ‘ybH$Ëd‘² AZdJË` `V² {H$pÄMV² àbnÝVr{V CnojUr`m….EV oZ ¡d {d^ yË`Ü`m` o ""‘Zm o {dH$ ma mEd ¡V o `Wm dmMm{^Yr`V o ''(^mJ.nwam..11&16&41) B{V {d^yVrZm§ ‘Zmo{dH$maËd‘{n ì`m»`mV§ ko`§,dmMmaãY-à{V{Z`V-ê$noU¡d VWmËd~moYZmV². Ed‘² AÝ`Ìm{n ~moÜ`‘². B{VAZw‘mZ‘².


AZw{‘{Và‘mH$aU{Zê$nH$mo MVwW©… Va“"…g‘mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. JmonmbHw${Q>H$m`m§ B{V Am I nmR>`mo…. 2. ""J{V… AÝ ¡d...n[aYmdVm

gh n[aYmd‘mZmZm‘²'' B{V AYwZmà{gÕ… nmR>… 3. JJZH$‘b§ gwa{^H$‘b§gwa{^H$‘bËdmX² B{V Am nmR>o.

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*ñdrH¥$VoVaà‘mUmZm§ ñdrH¥$VoîdÝV^m©d{Zê$nH$… nÄM‘… Va“…*

Cn‘mZmXrZm‘² CŠVofw à‘mUofw AÝV^m©d… B{V {Zê$nU‘² Cn‘mZñ`à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² :

Cn‘mZÝVw Z ‘mZmÝVa§, gmÑí`m{VXoe-dmŠ`mW©-ñ‘aU-ghH$maoU Mjwam{XZ¡dg§kmg§{k-n[aÀN>oXmonnÎmm¡, gmÑí`kmZmXo… ‘mZmÝVaËdH$ënZñ` A`wŠVËdmV².AÝ`Wm `mo½`mZwnbãYoa{n ‘mZmÝVaËdmnÎmo…. ZM *Ed§ g{V Cn{‘Vo… namojËd§ì`mhÝ oV*B{V dmÀ`‘², BîQ>mnÎmo…. ZM *Mjwì`m©nmamnJ‘o@{n Om`‘mZËdmV² ZEd‘²*B{V dmÀ`§, nydª OmVñ` kmZñ` H$aUì`mnmamona‘o@{n AZwna‘ñÀZw^dgm{jH$ËdoZ nwZO©ZZH$ënZm`mEd A`wŠVËdmX²-CnojmÝ`kmZñ`{ÌjUmdñWm{`Vm`m… Aä wnJ‘¡H$eaUËdmV².

‘mZg§ dm VX² AñVw, A{VXoedmŠ`mV²-

(H$)bjUËdoZ nydª kmVñ`, VV… nXmW©ñ’w$aUoZ ñ’w$[aVñ`gmÑí`ñ`, g§ñH$maoU eãXm{^ì`ŠVm¡, ÑîQ>-g§dmX-{ZpíMV-àm‘mÊ`ñ` dmŠ`ñ` M ghH$maoU, ‘Zgm{n ""A § "Jd`'nXdmÀ`…''B{V g§kmg§{k-n[aÀN>oXñ` à{gÕnX- g‘m{^ì`möV-dmŠ`ñ‘aU-ghH¥$V-‘Zgm "‘YwH$am'{X- epŠVJ«hñ od CnnÎmo…,

(I)VXwÎma‘² ""EVËnXdmÀ`ËdoZ EZ§ OmZm{‘'' B{V AZwì`dgm oZ‘mZgËd{ZíM`mV² M.

B{V.

^mÅ>mñVw *""nyd©ÑîQ>o ñ‘ ©‘mUo AW} Ñí`‘mZmW©-gmÑí`-kmZ‘²''=çd`d‘od Ý`m §*ñdrHw$d©{Z_ Cn{‘{V…; `Wm, ""`m Agm¡ Añ‘m{^… nydª

ÑîQ>m Jm¡… gm AZoZ Jd oZ gÑer''* BË od§ VXmH$ma‘² Amhþ….

VÌm{n "OmZm{‘' BË od AZwì`dgm`mV² ‘mZgËdñ ¡d {ZíM`…. gmÑí`ÝVw{Zê$nH$-ôXg{hîUw-ê$nm{XdpÝZê$ß`-Y‘©… nXmWm©ÝVa§, {Zê$nH$Y‘©gOmVr`mo{Zê$ß`Y‘©Ed dm.

emñÌXr{nH$m`mÝV w *""AWm©ÝVa`mo{J{^… gå~pÝYgm‘mÝ`¡… AWm©ÝVañ`VmÑemo `moJ…''=gmÑí §; `Wm, {Zê$nH$Jmo… o H$Um©Úd`dm…, VËgOmVr`mEd{Zê$ß`ñ` Jd`ñ`m{n Y‘© yVmB{V VËgmÑí`‘² Añ`* B{V CŠV‘².

`Îmw ""VX²{^ÝZËdo g{V VÒV y moY‘©dÎd§ gmÑí`‘²'' B{V, VV² Z amo{MÊUw,EHo$Zm{n gÑe~w{Õ{gÕo… "^y`…'nXñ` AZ{Và`moOZËdmV². ZM *Ed§ g{Ví`m‘Ëd‘mÌgmYå`}U ‘mV“-‘eH$`moa{n gÑeËdàVrË`mn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ`§,í`m‘Ëd-ear[aËd-O“‘ËdmXrZm§ ‘mV“JVY‘m©Um§ ‘eHo$ {dÚ‘mZËdoZ" y …'nXXmZo@{n Vwë`ËdmV². ZM *Vo VX²JVm… Y‘m©… Zo{V Z Xmof…* B{V g‘ÄOg§,VËg‘doVmZm‘² AÝ`Ì Agå^doZ "VX²JV'nXñ` gmOmË`naVm`mEd Am¡{MË`mV².ZM *VVmo@{n y m§gmo {dd{jVm…* B{V dmÀ §, VWm g{V y ñËdñ` An ©dgmZoAZdñWmnÎmo…. ZM CŠVXyfUmZwÕma… eL²H$ç…, {damo{Y-Y‘©-J«h-àm~ë oZ¡dCÕmagå^dmV². AVEd gÑe`moa{n `‘b`mo… Jwë‘`mo… dm nydª gmÑí`àË``mo,ÑîQ>oM VydaËdHw$gw‘dUm©Xm¡ d¡gmÑí`{ZíM`… B{V wÁ`Vo. AVmo Z¡ m{`H$bjU§Z A{Vaå`‘². ""gdª J“mg‘§ Vmo § gd} ì`mgg‘m… {ÛOm…'' ( ) BË`mXm¡Vmo`Ëdm{XZm EHo$Zm{n Y‘}U gmå`m{^bmnmV². "KZí`m‘'-"ñdU©Jm¡`m©'-{Xà`moJXe©ZmV² M CŠV‘od bjU§ wŠV‘² B{V {XH²$.

AWm©nÎmo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² : *AWm©n{ÎmñVw=""àË`joU eãXoZ dm à{‘Vñ` AW©ñ` AWm©ÝVa§ {dZm

AZwnnÚ‘mZñ` CnnÎm o AWm©ÝVaH$ënZm;'' Wm, ""OrdZ² XodXÎmmo J¥ho ZmpñV''BË`Ì OrdZg§g¥îQ>J¥hm^mdñ` AZwnnÚ‘mZñ` CnnÎm o ~{h^m©dH$ënZm. gm{nà‘mUmÝVa‘²* B{V ‘r‘m§gH$m….

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Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *""XodXÎmmo ~{h… ApñV OrdÎdo g{V J¥ho AgÎdmX²'' B{VHo$dbì`{Vao{H$U¡d VËH$m ©{gÕo… Z gm VVmo A{V[aŠVm* B{V Amhþ…

VÌ nmW©gma{W{‘lm… *B©ÑeñWbo AZw‘mZ‘² AeŠ`dMZ§, OrdZg§g¥îQ>-J¥hm^md-~{h^m©d-{df`H$`mo… kmZ`mo… EH$H$m{bH$ËdoZ hoVwhoVw‘X² mdm^mdmV².ZM *V`mo… Z EH$H$m{bH$Ëd‘²* B{V dmÀ §, ~{h^m©d‘² AZÝV^m©ì` OrdZ-J¥hm^md`mo… g§g¥îQ>`mo… àË oVw‘² AeŠ`ËdoZ VËg§gJ©J«hXem`m§ ~{h^m©dmÝV^m©dñ`{Z`VËdmX² EH$H$m{bH$-kmZ{df`Ëdñ` AZnZmoÚËdmV². *ZZw Ed§ à‘mUmÝVaËdo@{nHo$dbñ` OrdZñ`, J¥hm^mdñ` dm, J‘H$Ëdm^mdmV² g§g¥îQ>‘² C^ § J‘H$‘² B{VA“rH$m`©‘². VWmg{V VW¡d g§{dXm ~{h^m©dñ`m{n à{‘VËdmX² EH$H$mb‘od‘mZ{‘{V AWm©nÎmmd{n à‘o`m^mdoZ àm‘mÊ`{g{Õ… Z ñ`mX²* B{V MoV², Z,g§g¥îQ>~wÕoaod à‘o ËdmV². ZM *VÌ H$maUm^md…* eL²H$ç…, AÝ`WmZwnnÎmoaodH$maUËdmV². AÝ`WmZwnn{ÎmñVw AWm©ÝVaH$ënZ`m g‘mYo`ËdoZ CÀ`‘mZ…à‘mU{gÕ`mo… Û`mo… AW© mo… nañnaà{VKmV…. VËg‘mYmZm` AWm©ÝVaH$ënZÄMAWm©n{Îm…. V`mM g‘m{hVo à{VKmVo à{‘V`mo… g§g¥îQ>~w{Õ… à‘o`à‘mê$nm*B{V Amhþ….

doXmÝVn[a^mfmH$mañVw *""CnnmÚkmZoZ CnnmXH$H$ënZ‘²''=AWm©n{Îm….VÌ CnnmÚkmZ§ H$aU§, CnnmXH$kmZ§ ’$b‘². oZ {dZm `X² AZwnnÝZ§ VV² VÌCnnmÚ§, `ñ` A^mdo `ñ` AZwnn{Îm… VV² VÌ CnnmXH$‘². `Wm am{Ì^moOZoZ{dZm {Xdm A wÄOmZñ` nrZËd‘² AZwnnÝZ{‘{V VmÑenrZËd‘² CnnmÚ§, am{Ì^moOZñÀ^md o VmÑenrZËdñ` AZwnn{Îm… B{V am{Ì^m oOZ‘ ² CnnmXH$‘ ².am{Ì^moOZH$ënZmê$nm`m§ ""à{‘Vm¡ AW©ñ`+Amn{Îm…=H$ënZm'' B{V fîR>rg‘mgoZ"AWm©n{Îm'eãXmo dV©Vo. H$ënZmH$aUo nrZËdm{XkmZoVw ""AW©ñ`+Amn{Îm…=H$ënZm`ñ‘mX²'' B{V ~hþ~«r{hg‘mgoZ dV©VB{V ’$bH$aU`mo… C^`mo… VËnXà`moJ…* B{VAmh.

VV² Z é{Ma§, H$ënZm`m… gå^mdZmê$nËdoZ à{‘{VËdm`moJmV². CnnmÚñ`nrZËdñ`, ‘oXmoamoJoU V¥U{deofOÝ`-VÝXwb-nm`g-^mo{OZ… nj‘mÌ‘²A^moOZoZm{n, Xe©ZmV², H$ënZm`m… gå^mdZmê$nËd{ZíM`mV², "H$ën`m{‘'B{V

AZwì`dgm`mV² "à{‘Umo{‘'B{V AZwì`dgm`m^mdmV² M à{‘{VËdm`moJmV².à{‘{VËdo@{n VoZ{Q>.1 {dZm AZwnnÝZñ` VX^md-ì`mnH$s yVm^md-à{V`mo{JËdmX²ì`{VaoH$ì`mpßVgÎdoZ VÁkmZñ` AWm©n{ÎmH$aUñ` AZw‘mZmZ{VaoH$mV². ZM *gmYZoZgmÜ`mZw{‘Vm¡ ì`{VaoH$ì`mpßVkmZñ` Z AZwn`moJ…* B{V dmÀ §, ~mYH$m^mdmX²,Yy‘mXm¡ AÝd`ì`mpßVkmZa{hVñ` ì`{VaoH$ì`mßË ¡d AZw{‘{VXe©ZmV². ZM *gmAWm©nË ¡d* B{V dmÀ §, Vñ`m… à‘mUmÝVaËdñ ¡d Xwb© ËdmX², "AZw{‘Zmo{‘'B{VAZwì`dgm`Xe©ZmV² VËH$aUñ` àË`wV AZw‘mZËdoZ ¡d {gÕo…. AV…emñÌXr{nH$moŠV‘od gmYr`…. VÌm{n Ef {defmo : "Ûma‘²' BË`mXm¡ EH$ñ ¡dAW©ñ` à{‘VËdmX² AZwnn{ÎmbjUo ""Û`mo… AW© mo…'' B{V {ÛËd§ Ë`mÁ`‘² B{V.

gmM AWm©n{Îm… {ÛYm : (1)ÑîQ>mWm©n{Îm… (2)lwVmWm©n{Îm… M B{V.

VÌ AmÚmVw CXmöV¡d. {ÛVr`mVw {ÛYm : (2/H$)A{^YmZmZwnn{Îm… (2/

I)A{^{hVmZwnn{Îm… M B{V.

(2/H$)V`mo… ‘Üò `Ì dmŠ`¡H$Xoeñ` ldUo AÝd`m{^YmZmZwnnË`mAÝd`m{^YmZmon`mo{J nXmÝVa§ H$ëß`Vo VÌ A{^YmZmZwnn{Îm… `Wm "Ûma‘²'

1. am{Ì^moOZdmZ² nrZËdmV² (H$).BË`mXm¡ "{nYo{h'BË`m{XnXmÜ`mhma…. doXo@{n ""{díd{OVm ÒoV''

(e.n.~«m÷.10&2&1&16) BË`Ì "ñdJ©H$m‘…'B{V nXmÜ`mhma…. ZM *"Ûma‘²'BË`mXm¡AÝd`m{^YmZmV² nyd©‘² BX‘² AÝd`m{^YmZ§ "{nYmZmo'nñWmnH$nX§ {dZm AZwnnÝZ‘²B{V H$W§ kmVw§ eŠ`Vo* B{V dmÀ`‘², "A{^YmZ'nXoZ H$aUì wËnË`m VmËn ©ñ`{dd{jVËdoZ ÛmaH$‘©H$-{nYmZ-{H«$`m-g§gJ©-naËd§ "{nYmZmo'nñWmnH$nX§ {dZmAZwnnÝZ‘² B{V kmZñ` VÌm{n gå^m{dVËdmV².

(2/I)A{^{hVmZwnn{ÎmñVw `Ì dmŠ`mdJVmWm} AZwnnÝZËdoZ kmV… gZ²AWm©ÝVa§ H$ën`{V VÌ ÐîQ>ì`m. `Wm ""Á`mo{VîQ>mo‘oZ ñdJ©H$m‘mo ÒoV''

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(Amn.lm ¡.gy.102&1) BË`Ì dmŠ`mdJVÁ`m o{VîQ>m o‘ñ` j{UH$V`mñdJ©gmYZVmZwnnË`m ‘Ü`d{V© Anydª H$ëß`Vo* B{V doXmÝVn[a^mfmH$ma….

dñVwVñVw "Ûma‘²'BË`mXm¡ {ÛVr`m{^{hVm H$‘©Vm AZwnnÝZm gVr ñdmÝd``mo½`m§{H«$`m§ H$ën`Vr{V A{^{hVmZwnn{Îmaod AWm©Ü`mhmanj‘² AmXm` AmXaUr`m,bmKdmV². VmËn`m©{ZíM oZ H$pënVñ` nXñ` àH¥$VmÝd`m{^YmZmZwn`moJmV². kmVoMVmËn } AW©ñ ¡d nydª ^mZoZ AÝd`~moYgå^dmXod nXñ` AZwn`moJmV² M. Ed‘od""{díd{OVm ÒoV'' (e.n.~«m÷.10&2&1&16) BË`Ìm{n ñdJ©ñ` ñdJ}ßgmo…A{YH$m[aUmo dm AÜ`mhmamo ZVw VÛmMH$nXñ`m{n, Ý`m`gmå`mV². ZM *Ed‘²D$hm{X~mYàgpŠV…* eL²H$çm, Vñ` lwË`Zwe`JmoMaËdmV². ""ny {V dm EVÑMmo@ja§`XoZX² D$h{V Vñ‘mÑM§ ZmohoX²'' ( ) B{V lwË`m F$Jjam{V[aŠVñ` D$hbm^mX²,""BX‘² Ah‘² A‘wî`m‘² A‘wî`mÙñ` AÝZmÚ§ ham{‘'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.3&4&8&5)BË`mXmd{n V×moYZmV². H$ëno@{n """Agm¡ Vo new…' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&6&4&5)B{VÛoî § dm ‘mZgm Ü`m`Z², {X Z {Ûî`mV² "AmadwñVo new…'' (V¡{Îm.g§{h.6&6&4&9)B{V~«y mX²'' (Amn.lm¡.gy.8&17&10/14&7&2)B{V VWm ~«m÷Uo@{n V×moYZmV² M.AVmo `Ì A{YH$madmŠò ""à{V{VîR>ÝVrh d¡ Vo ÈVm amÌrén`pÝV''(VmÊS>ç~«m÷.23&2&4) BË`mXm¡ dmX‘mÌ§ lwV§ VÌm{n "{d{Y'eãX… àH¥$VmonH$mañ`nXmWm©Zm§ M Anydm©W©Ëdm` lwË`me`JmoMaËdmXod H$ënZr`…, lwVo… eãXàYmZËdmV²M, ZVw gd©Ì, à`moOZm^mdmX² B{V.

Ed§ {Û{dYm{n B`‘² AWm©n{Îm… `Wm`W§ àË`jeãX`mo… AZwJ«m{hH$m,àË`jm{X-à{‘VmW©-kmZ-XmT²>ç©-hoVwËdmX², Aä`mgm{XdV², ZVw à‘mUmÝVa§VX²J‘H$ñ` ~br`gmo A^mdmX² B{V.

AZwnbãYo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² : `mo½`mZwnbãYo… à‘mUmÝVaËdÝVw nyd©‘od {ZañV‘²{Q>.1.

Eo{Vh² ñ` à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² :

""A{d{XVH$V ¥ ©H $ … eãX{de of… "Bh dQ > o `j… {VîR > {V'BË`m{Xê$n…''="Eo{Vh²`'Zm‘m. g {ZU©`m^mdmV² à‘mU‘od Z ^d{V. {ZU©òeãXmÝVJ©VËdmV² eãXEdo{V Z ‘mZmÝVa‘².

gå^dñ` à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² : ghòm{Xg§»``m Ad`d^yV-eVm{X-g§»`mdJ{V…, AmT>H$n[a‘mUoZ

Ad`d yV-Hw$S>d-n[a‘mUmdJ{V…{Q>.2B{V "gå^dm'»`ÝVw VX{dZm^md{Z{‘ÎmËdmX²AZw‘mZmÝVJ©V‘od.

bmoH$à{gÕo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² : bmoH$à{g{ÕñVw àË`jmÝVJ©V¡d.

Moï>m-{bß`mo… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² : MoîQ>m`mñVw AZw‘mZEd AÝV^m©d…, {bno… eãXñ‘maH$ËdmV² eãX•B{V Z

V`moa{n à‘mUmÝVaËd‘².

1. A^md{Zê$nUo*(H$). 2. ""AmT>H$‘²=256-‘wpîQ>n[a‘mU§ YmÝ`§'',""Hw$S>d…=12-‘wpîQ>n[a‘mU…''(í`m).

à{V^m`m… à‘mUmÝVaËd{ZamH$aU‘² : ""ídmo ‘o ^«mVm AmJÝVm'' B{V "à{V^m'»`ÝVw {b"mÚm^mgOÝ`ËdoZ

AmJ‘m{ZíMm`H$ËdmXod Aà‘mU{‘{V nydm}ŠVmÝ od ì`dhmao à‘mUm{Z.

na‘mW}Vw eãXEd B{V {gÕ‘².

*ZZw V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY-gw~mo{YÝ`m§ H$m{nboò {Ìà‘mUdmX… CŠV…, ""ÌrÊòdà‘mUm{Z BpÝÐ`m{U eãXmo ‘Z… M, Mjw… lmoÌ§ ‘Zmo dm'' (gw~mo.3&26&30)

185 186

BË`m{XH$WZmV², Vñ` {damoY…* B{V MoV², Z, Vñ` ‘VmÝVaËdmV² njmÝVamoŠË`mVWm {ZíM`mX², AVmo Z Xmof….


ñdrH¥$VoVaà‘mUmZm§ ñdrH¥$VoîdÝV^m©d{Zê$nH$… nÄM‘… Va“…g‘mßV…

*à‘mUmZm§ àm‘mÊ § ñdVmo dm naVmo do{V {d‘e©ê$n… fîR>… Va“…*

kmZàm‘mÊ`màm‘mÊ``mo… ñdVñËd-naVñËdo, VÌ MVw{d©Ym… {dà{VnÎm`…M :

AW BX§ {dMm ©Vo kmZñ`-(1)àm‘mÊ`màm‘mÊ o ñdVmo J¥h² oVo?(2)CV naV…?(3)CV Aàm‘mÊ § ñdVmo AÝ`V² naVmo?(4)AWdm àm‘mÊ § ñdVmo Aàm‘mÊ § naV…?B{V.

1.C^`ñdVñËddmX{d‘e©… : VÌ Ho${MV ² *gd©H$maUmZm§ nm. o.1 ñd{H«$`meŠVo… ñdm^m{dH$ËdmX² C^`‘{n

kmZñ` ñdagmXod AdJå`Vo* B{V Amhþ….

VV² Z, kmZñ` ñd{df`-VWmËdmVWmËd`mo… `wJnX²-~moYZmg‘W©ËdmV².ZM *ì`pŠVôXoZ AXmof…* B{V dmÀ`§, H$maUmÝVa{Zanojñ` kmZñ`¡dC^`monbå^H$Ëdo H$`m qH$ H$Xm ~moÜ`‘² BË`Ì {d{ZJ‘Zm{dahmV².

2.C^`naVñËddmX{d‘e©… : Z¡`m{`H$mX`ñVw *Û`‘{n ñd^mdoZ A{Zê${nV§ H$maUJwUXmofmä`m‘od

AdJå`Vo* B{V Amhþ….

VX{n Z noeb§, JwUXmofmdYmaUmV² àmJ² AÝ`VaoUm{n AmH$maoU AW©ñÀZdJ‘o kmZñ` à‘mUmà‘mU{dbjUËdmnÎmo….

3.Aàm‘mÊ`ñdVñËddmX{d‘e©… :

187 188

~mh²`mñVw *Aàm‘mÊ`§ ñdV…, àm‘mÊ`ÝVw g§dmXkmZm{X{^…. AÝ`WmkmZm oËn{Îm‘mÌoU AW©VÎdmdYmaUmnÎm o…. ZM *BîQ>mn{Îm…, VWmg{VAì`{^MmamnÎmo… A{ZíM`mV² M. Aàm‘mÊ § ñdV… àmßV§, níMmV² H$maUJwUkmZmV²g§dmXkmZmX² AW©{H«$`mkmZmX² dm àm‘mÊ`mdJ‘mX² AnmoÚVo* B{V Amhþ….

4/H$.àm‘mÊ`ñdVñËddm{Xfw ^mÅ>mZm§ ‘Vñ` {d‘e©… : VÌ ^mÅ>mñVw *`{X{h gd©‘od kmZ§ ñd{df`VWmËdmdYmaUo ñd`‘² Ag‘Wª

gV² g‘Wª {dkmZmÝVa‘² AnojVo, VV… H$maU-JwU-g§dmXmW©{H«$`m-kmZmÝ`{nñd{df`VWmËdmdYmaUo g‘W©‘² Ana‘² AnojoaZ², Ana‘{n VWo{V Z H$píMX{nAWm} OÝ‘ghòoUm{n AÜ`dgr oVo{V àm‘mÊ`‘od CpÀN>ÚoV. AW *AW©{H«$`mkmZ§à‘mU‘²* B{V MoV², H$mo {deof…? Aì`{^Mma… B{V MoV², Z, ñdßZmdñWm`m‘²AgË`{n CXH$mhaUo AW©{H«$`m{dkmZXe©ZmV². AW gwIkmZ‘od AW©{H«$`m, VÀMAì`{^Mm }d, Z{h Šd{MX{n Ag{V gwIo gwIkmZ‘² ApñV. gË`‘² EVV², ZVwVoZ nyd©kmZñ` àm‘mÊ`mÜ`dgmZ§ gå^d{V, Aà‘mUoZm{n {à`mg“‘{dkmZoZñdßZmdñWm`m§ gwIXe©ZmV². Vñ‘mV² ñdV… àmßV§ àm‘mÊ`‘² AWm©Ý`WmËd-H$maUXmofmä`m‘² AnmoÚVo B{V Adí`‘² A“rH$aUr`‘².

àm‘mÊ`ñ` ñdVñËdÄM kmZ-J«mhH$-`mdËgm‘J«r-J«mh² Ëd‘od. gm‘J«rMkmVVm{b“H$mZw‘mZ‘od. kmVVmM, ""kmVmo KQ>…'' B{V àVrVo…, kmZOÝ`mo{df`{ZîR>… "àmH$Q²>çm'naZm‘m nXmW©… B{V. à`moJñVw-""KQ>mo kmZ{df`…kmZOÝ`kmVVmYmaËdmV² nQ>dX²'' B{V. AÌ hoVwVmdÀN>oXH$ËdoZ kmZ{g{Õ….`Ûm kmZ{H«$`mÛmaH$mo `… H$V¥©H$‘©Umo… AmË‘mW© mo… nañna§ ì`mßV¥ì`mßVËdbjU…gå~ÝY… g ‘mZgàË`jmdJV… gZ² {dkmZ‘² AZw‘mn`{V, AmJÝVwH$H$maU§ {dZmAmË‘Zmo AWª à{V ì`mßV¥ËdmZwËnÎmo…. VÀM H$maU§ bmoHo$ "kmZ'eãXoZ A{^Yr`Vo*B{V M Amhþ….

4/I.àm‘mÊ`ñdVñËddm{Xfw àm^mH$amUm§ ‘Vñ` {d‘e©… : àm^mH$amñVw *gd©‘od kmZ§ {‘{V-‘mV¥-‘o -{df`H$ËdmX² ""KQ>‘² Ah§

OmZm{‘'' BË`mÚmH$maH$‘od ñdàH$me‘od M. VÌ `Wm AW©{deofU§ KQ>Ëdm{XH§$

g‘mZg§{dËg§doÚ§ VWm kmZ{deofU§ VËàm‘mÊ`‘{n V{Û{ÎmdoÚ{‘{V kmZ‘odVX²J«mhH$gm‘J«r* B{V Amhþ…. H$maUXmof-~mYH$kmZmä`m§ a{hVËdo g{VAJ¥hrVJ«m{hËd§ kmZñ` àm‘mÊ`‘²* B{V M Amhþ….

VÌ {gÕmÝV… : AÌ A § {deofmo AdYo … :

VWm{h-

(H$)gmÜ`mW©-bm¡{H$H$dmŠ`-à`moJH$mbo ^m{dÝ`m… {H«$`m`m…AgÎdoZ VXmZt Om`‘mZñ`nm. o.2 kmZñ` {H«$`mH$‘m©{X-g§gJm©J«hEdOZZmV²,

(I)H$maUXmofgm{hË oZ dŠÌm ñdm{ZîQ>mZZw~pÝYËdm{X-gå^mdZm-‘mÌoU¡d dmŠ`à`moJmV²,

(J)dŠV¥-kmZ-{df`-{df{Ù… V×moYZg‘W©ñ ¡d nXg‘yhñ`à`moJoU dmŠ`mW©ñ`m{n Anyd©Ëdm^mdmV²,

(K)VmÑedmŠ`-OÝ`ñ` AJ¥hrVJ«m{hËdm^mdoZ nXmW©H$aUnjo@{nXmofñ` Vwë`ËdmV²,

Vñ` kmZñ` à‘mUbjUmZmH«$mÝVËdoZ VmÑeñWbo kmZJ«mhH$gm‘½a²çm `…àm‘mÊ`J«h… gmo A`WmW©… B{V ‘ÝVì`‘². VWmg{V àm‘mÊ`m§eo ñ‘aUËdmnË`mVñ` ewpŠV-aOV-kmZ-Vwë`Ëdmn{Îm… àd¥{Îmgm‘Ï`m©Zwnn{Îm… M ñ`mV².

AV… B©ÑeñWbo naVmo, AÝ`Ì ñdV…, B{V AÕ©OaVr‘od wŠVm‘² CËní`m‘….EdÄM Z nydm}ŠV{d{ZJ‘Zm{dahmo@{n B{V {XH²$.

Ed§ à‘mU{df o@Zwnnm{XV§ `X²,`X² {dàH$sU©‘wnnm{XV‘mH$aofw&

189 190

gL²>J¥h² VX²J{XV‘Ì ‘`m VWmÝ`V²

àmg{“H§$ M gwOZd«OVmofUm`&&

B{V lr‘Ûëb^ZÝXZMaU¡H$VmZ-lrnrVmå~aVZwO-lrnwéfmoÎm‘-{da{MVo

àñWmZaËZmH$ao(à‘mH$aUñdê$n{Zê$nHo$ {ÛVrò H$ëbmobo à‘mUmZm§ àm‘mÊ`§ ñdVmo dm naVmo do{V

{d‘e©ê$n… fð>… Va“…){Q>.1

à‘mUn[aÀN>oX…g‘mßV…

&&lr… lr…&&

1. H$moð>H$mÝVJ©Vm nwpînH$m Z J«ÝWH¥$pëbpIVm {dMm`©{df`{d^mJoZ~moYgm¡H$`m© gmåàV§ `mo{OVm (í`m).

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. H$maUmZm‘² B{V A H$ J M nmR>ofw, H$maH$mZm‘² B{V Am I K L> nmR>ofw.

2. Om`‘mZñ` B{V A H$ J M nmR>ofw, km`‘mZñ` B{V Am I K nmR>ofw.

&&ŸàñWmZaËZmH$a…Ÿ&&

à_o n[aÀN>oX…

Ÿ&&Ÿ~«÷mÛ¡V{Zê$nH$… H$ëbmob…Ÿ&&Ÿ&&Ÿ~«÷U… na_à_o Vm{Zê$nH$… AmÚ… Va“…Ÿ&&

Ÿ&&ŸlrH¥$îUm` Z_…Ÿ&&

gd©ñ` ~«÷m{^ÝZËdmX² ~«÷¡d à_o _² :

AW eãXm{dam oY oZ Ÿ nm.^ o.1 Ÿ à_ o` § {Zê$ß`V o : VÌ VmdX ²C^`{b“mÚ{YH$aU{dMmaoU, ""`XoH$_ì`ŠV_ZÝVê$n§ {díd§ nwamU§ V_g… nañVmX²''(Ÿ_hmZm.Cn.1Ÿ&5Ÿ) ""BX§ gdª X`_mË_m'' (Ÿ~¥h.Cn.4Ÿ&5Ÿ&7Ÿ) BÎ`m{X lwVrZm§,""Xe© m_mg bmoH§$ ñd§ JmonmZm§ V_g… na§, gË § kmZ_ZÝV§ `X² ~«÷ Á`mo{V…gZmVZ§ `{Õ ní`pÝV _wZ`mo JwUmnm o g_m{hVm…'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&28Ÿ&14-15Ÿ)BË`mXrZm§, ~¥hX²dm_Zr`gÝX^m©XrZm§ ñ_¥VrZm§ M {dMmaoU, `WmpñWV§ {ZË §gdª ~«÷m{^ÝZ_odo{V ~«÷¡d à_o § ~«÷{dXm_²Ÿ{Q>.1.

A{ZË`ËdhoVwH$ñ` ~«÷OJX² oXñ` {Zamg… :

A`_od M ""Z H$Xm{MX² AZrÑe§ OJX²'' (Ÿ Ÿ) BË`m{XlwVrZm§ ""VXoVXj §{ZË`§ OJZ² _w{Zdam{Ib_²Ÿ, Am{d^m©d{Vam o^mdOÝ_Zme{dH$ëndV²''(Ÿ{dîUwnwam.1Ÿ&22Ÿ&60Ÿ), ""{díd§ d¡ ~«÷ VÝ_mÌ§ g§pñWV§ {dîUw_m``m `WoXmZtVWmMmJ«o níMmXßòVXrÑe_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.3Ÿ&10Ÿ&12Ÿ) BË`m{Xñ_¥VrZm§ M,OJV… gXm EH$ê$nËd_² Am{d^m©dmXo… {dH$ën_mÌËd§, dXÝVrZm_² Ame`….

1. CnnÎ`m {dMmaH$mUm_² B{V AW©… Ÿ(A).

191 192

AW g¥ï²>çm{X-~moYH$lw{V-{dMmao@{n ""A{n dm V_² AmXoe_² AàmjmooZmlwV§ lwV§ ^dË`_V§ _V_²'' (ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&1Ÿ&2Ÿ) BË`m{Xà{Vk`m ""`Wm,

gm¡å`Ÿ!, EHo$Z _¥pËnÊS>oZ gdª _¥Ý_ § {dkmV§ ñ`mX²'' (ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&1Ÿ&4Ÿ)BË`m{XÑï>mÝV¡: ""gXod, gm¡å`Ÿ!, BX_² AJ« AmgrX² EH$_odm{ÛVr`_². VÕ¡H$Amhþ… AgXod BX_² AJ«AmgrX² EH$_odm{ÛVr § Vñ_mX² AgV… gX² AOm`V.Hw$VñVw IbwŸ, gm¡å`Ÿ!, Ed§ ñ`mX²Ÿ? B{Vh CdmM H$W_² AgV… gX² Om oV''(ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&2Ÿ&1-2Ÿ) B{V _VmÝVa{ZamH$maUoZ ""gdª IpëdX§ ~«÷ VÁObmZ²''(ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.3Ÿ&14Ÿ&1Ÿ) B{V hoVyŠË`m ""nwéfEdoX§ gdª `X² yV§ `ÀM ^ì`_²''(Ÿnw.gy.2Ÿ) B{V yV-^{dî`X²-^dX²-ì`dhmaXem`m_{n gd©ñ` ~«÷mË_ËdH$WZoZM gd©Xm ~«÷¡d à_o § VÎd{dXm_²Ÿ{Q>.1.

ZM *ŸApñ_Z² njo ànÄMñ` OÝ`Ëdm{X{^… A~«÷Ëd§ e‘>ç_² AgËgÎmm-gXgÎm`mo…Ÿnm.ô.2 AZ“rH$aUmX² CËn{ÎmZme`mo… Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mdmË_H$ËdoZVX^mdmV². Zm{n A{ZË`ËdmV² (ŸA~«÷Ëd§ eŠ`§Ÿ!Ÿ) K¥VÐdËddV² ànÄMñÀmJÝVwH$Ëdo@{n ~«÷Y_©ËdmZnm`mX² Y_©ñ` Y{_©VmXmËå`mX² AXmofmV².

àmH¥$VËdhoVwH$ñ` ~«÷OJX² oXñ` {Zamg… :

Zm{n àmH¥$VËd-ôXàË``mä`m_² (ŸA~«÷Ëd§ eL²Š`§Ÿ!Ÿ) AÝòfm§VÎd{dÎdm^mdmX² AÝ`Wm^mZoŸ{Q>.2 ñd~wÕ²çm ZmZm_VH$ënZoZ Vñ` à{VjoßVw_²AeŠ`ËdmV². bm¡{H$H$à_mUmZm§ amOgà_mOZH$ËdoZ Vñ`mA{n {damoYñÀ{H$pÄMËH$aËdmV²Ÿ, emñÌ{damoY§ à{VgÝXYmZmZm§ ÑîQ>emñÌr`gmYZ\$bmZm_²AmYw{ZH$mZm_² AmpñVH$mZm_² A{dà{VnÎmo… M.

_m{`H$ËdhoVwH$ñ` ~«÷OJX² oXñ` {Zamg… :

Zm{n ànÄMñ` _m{`H$Ëd§ eŠè‘>§, CŠVlw{V{damoYmnmVmV². ZM *(1)""BÝÐmo

_m`m{^… nwéê$n B©`Vo'' (Ÿ~¥h.Cn.2Ÿ&5Ÿ&19Ÿ) (2)""g¡fm dQ>~rOgm_mÝ`dX²AZoH$dQ>epŠV… EH¡$d. VX² Wm dQ>~rOgm_mÝ`_² EH$_² AZoH$mZ² ñdmì`{V[aŠVmZ²dQ>mZ² ñd~rOmZ² CËnmÚ VÌ-VÌ nyUª g {VîR>{VŸ; Ed_odŸ, Efm _m`mñdmì`{V[aŠVm{Z

1. CËnÎ`m {dMmaH$mUm_² B{V AW©…Ÿ(A). 2. oXm{X^mZo B{V AW©…Ÿ(A).

n[anyUm©{Z joÌm{U Xe©{`Ëdm Ordoem¡ Am^mgoZ H$amo{V _m`m M A{dÚm Mñd`_od ^d{V'' (ŸZ¥qg.CÎm.Vmn.Cn.9Ÿ) ""dmMmaåÛ§ {dH$mamo Zm_Yo`_²''

(ŸN>mÝXmo.Cn.6Ÿ&1Ÿ&5Ÿ) BË`m{Xlw{V{damoY…Ÿ* e‘>Zr`…, (1)AmÚo _m`mZm§nwéê$nkmZH$aUV`¡d CëboImV²Ÿ, _Yw{dÚmpñWVmW©g§J«mhH$ñ` Añ` _ÝÌñÀÝ`Wmì`m»`mVw_² AeŠ`ËdmV² AÝ`Wmì`m»`mZo nyd©J«ÝWñ` ""A § d¡ ha`monÄMXe M'' (Ÿ~¥h.Cn.2Ÿ&5Ÿ&19Ÿ) BË`mÚ{J«_ñ` EVX²{ddaUê$nJ«ÝWñ` M

{damoYàgŠVo…. (2){ÛVr o@{n ""g¡fm{dÚm OJV² gd©_²'' (ŸZ¥qg.CÎm.Vmn.Cn.9Ÿ)B{V CnH«$mÝVm`m… OS>_mohmË_H$-OJX²ì`ÄOH$Ëd_² CŠËdm dQ>~rOmX² d¡bjÊ §~moY{`Vw§ ñdmì`{V[aŠV-joÌXe©H$Ëdm^mg-Ordoe-H$maH$ËdmopŠV-nyd©H§$,""M¡VÝ`XrßVmV² Vñ_mX² AmË_ZEd Ì¡{dÜ § mo{ZËd_{n'' (ŸZ¥qg.CÎm.Vmn.Cn.9Ÿ)BË`ZoZ AmË_ZEd ~«÷{dîUw{ed-ê$nËd-`mo{ZËd`mo… lmdUmV² gm Xe©{`Í ¡dZVw O{ZÌr{V nydm}ŠVñ ¡d AW©ñ` Apñ_Z² dmŠ o@{n ñ\$moaUmV².

ZM *ŸCŠVlwË`m Ñí`mZm§ ñdmì`{V[aŠVËdH$WZmV² Vofm§ _m{`H$Ëd§ Xwdm©a_²Ÿ*

B{V dmÀ §, {gÕo AmË_Zmo `mo{ZËdo VËà{V{~å~m{X yVmZm§ joÌmUm§ _m{`H$Ëdo@{nAXmofmV². _m`m`mA{n ^JdÀN>pŠVËdoZ epŠV_X{^ÝZËdmV² VWmËdo@{n^JdÐynËdmZnm`mV². ZM *ŸVmÑeËd_od gd©ñ` AñVwŸ!Ÿ* B{V eŠè‘>§, _m{`H$ñ`ñdmoËH¥$îQ>-gÎmmH$-gÑeËd-VXwÎma^m{dËd-{Z`_ñ` BÝÐOmbm{Xfw Xe©ZmV² VV…

193 194

CËH¥$îQ>gÎmmH$ñ` VËgÑeñ` nyd©_² Adí`mä wno ËdoZ nma_m{W©H$ñ` ~«÷ê$nñ`Vñ` AXÊS>dm[aVËdmV². BX§Ÿnm. o.3 `Wm VWm g¥pîQ> oXdmXo ì wËnm{XV_² Añ_m{^….VÌm{n _yb§ ""`Wm _hmpÝV yVm{Z'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&9Ÿ&34Ÿ) B{V {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYñW-MVw…íbmoH$s-íbmoH$ñ` gw~mo{YZrVmo AdJÝVì`_². V¥Vrò@{n H$m`©ñ`H$maUm{^ÝZËd~moYZmWª H$m ©àH$mamUm§ dmMmaãYËd§ dX{V ZVw Vofm_² AgË`ËdmW©_²B{V ""VXZÝ`Ëd...'' (Ÿ~«.gy.2Ÿ&1Ÿ&14Ÿ) gyÌmXod AdJå`VŸ-ŸBË`Vmo Xmofm^mdmV².Vñ_mX² ~«÷¡d à_o _².

B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à_o n[aÀN>oXo ~«÷mÛ¡V{Zê$nHo$ H$ëbmobo

~«÷U… na_à_o Vm{Zê$nH$… AmÚ… Va“…

g_mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr

1. eãXm{damoYoZ B{V A nmR>o ZmpñV Am emoY{ZHo${V H$ I J K nmR>ofwAZwdV©Vo. 2. AgV… gÎmmgXgÎm`moaZ"rH$maUmX² B{V A Am H$ I J K nmR>ofwVWm{n {gÕmÝVñdmañ`g§ajUmWª Wm_{V g§emoYZ_². 3. ""BX§ Wm... gw~mo{YZrVmoAdJÝVì`_²'' BË`ÝVmo ^mJ… A nmR>o ZmpñV Am emoY{ZH$m H$ I J K nmR>ofwAZwdV©Vo.

&&‘ybñdê$n-brbmW©àH${Q>Vê$n{d oX{Zê$nH$mo {ÛVr`… Va““…&&

g¥pîQ>à{H«$`m`m‘² CËnÎ wnn{Îm oXoZ njÛ`‘² : VÀM ~«÷ nyd ª {ZamH$ma‘ od gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H§ $ gd©^dZg‘Wª

{Z{‘ÎmmÝVa‘ÝVaoU¡d A§eVmo Y‘©ê$noU VXZw {H«$`m{Xê$noU VV… ànÄMê$noU M^dVr{V EH${dkmZoZ gd©{dkmZà{Vkm onnmXH$‘² ""Aê$ndXod {h''(~«.gy.3&2&14) B{V nÄMgyË wŠV‘² EH$Xo{e‘V‘{n A“rHw$d©Vm JdVm ì`mgoZ{ZUuV§ ""nyd©dX² dm'' (~«.gy.3&2&29) B{V gyÌo. VoZ àH$maÛ o@{n ~«÷m{V[aŠV§Z à‘o ‘². àH$maÛ`ÄM `Wm`W§ ‘w»`m‘w»`brb`mo… Cn wÁ`Vo VoZ Z {damoY….

CËn{ÎmnjmZwgm[aUr g¥{ï>à{H«$`m : VÌ {ÛVr`njmZwgm[aUr g¥pîQ>à{H«$`m. VÌnm. o.1 ~w{Õgm¡H$`m©Wª H$maU-H$m ©-

ñdê$n^ oX oZ {Ìê$nËd § gd © {ZU ©` o ì` w Ënm {XV‘ ². g ¥ p îQ >à{H « $`mV w{ÛVr`ñH$ÝY(2&9&1)gw~mo{YÝ`m§ lr‘XmMm ©MaU¡… Ed§ àX{e©Vm:-

~«÷{h Y‘©ê$noU ^dX² kmZmZÝX-H$mboÀN>m-{H«$`m-‘m`m-àH¥${V-ê$noU nydª ^d{V. ZM gd©Xm VWm ^d{V B{V eL²H$Zr`‘²,AmnmXH$ñ` hoVw^yVñ` H$mbñ` A^mdmV², OmVoM H$mbo Vñ`¡d{Z`m‘H$ËdmV² Z gd©Xm ^{dî`{V. H$mbñ` {Z`m‘H$ËdÝVwàË`j{gÕ‘od. H$mboZ gh CËnÝZmZm‘² BÀN>m{XeŠVrZmÄM gXmEH$ê$nËd§ ^JdmZ² ñWmn`Vr{V {ZË`m… Vm….

VÌ H$mb… {H«$`mepŠVê$n…, ""`mo@ § H$mbñVñ` Vo@ì`ŠV~ÝYmoMoîQ>m‘mhþíMoîQ>Vo oZ {díd‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.10&3&26) B{V dmŠ`mV²{H«$`mepŠVàYmZËdXe©ZmV² M.

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BÀN>mV w A{^Ü`mZê$nm B{V ""A{^Ü`m onX oemÀM''(~«.gy.1&4&24) B{V gyÌo {ZUuV‘². g¡d H$m‘…nm. o.2 ""gmo@H$m‘`V''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) B{V lwË wŠV….

VXmH$maíM :-(H$)"~hþ ñ`m‘²'(I)"àOm o '

B{V {Û{dY….

(H$)VÌ AmÚm o ^ oXê$n…. V oZ gpÀMXmZÝXY‘m © …H$mbm{V[aŠV{H«$`mkmZmZÝXê$nm… ñd § {^Ú‘mZm… ñdml`‘{n {^ÝXpÝV,{H«$`mdÝV§ km{ZZ‘² AmZpÝXZ§ M Hw$d©pÝV, B{V AW©…. VXm g ^JdmZ²{Ìê$nmo@{n gd©V… nm{UnmXmÝVmo ^dZ² gmH$maVm‘² AmnÚVo. Ed§{^ÝZmo@{n, BÀN> m ñdñ` A{^ÝZËdmbmoMZê$n`m, A{^ÝZBd AIÊS>mo^d{V B{V H$m ©{dMmaoU Adgr`Vo. AVEd VXnoj`m H$m ©ê$nñÀënËdmV² Vm{Z ÌrÊ`{n ê$nm{U ""nyU©‘X…...'' (~¥h.Cn.1&1&1)BË`m{XlwVm¡ "nyU©'eãXoZ CÀ`ÝVo. AVEd‹{Q>.1 M gÐÿnñ` àË oH$n ©dgm{`Ëd‘².Ed‘od BVa`moa@{n ko ‘². V`mo… AmÝVaËdoZ erK«§ VWm~wÕm¡ AZmamoho@{ng‘mZ`moJjo‘ËdmV², "ApñV-^m{V-{à`‘²' BË od ~wÕm¡ AmamohmV² M.

epŠVñVw gX§eñ` {H«$`mê$nm, {MX§eñ` ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m""{dbÁO‘mZ`m `ñ` ñWmVw‘rjmnWo@‘w`m {d‘mo{hVm {dH$ËWÝVo‘‘mh{‘{V Xw{Y© …'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&13) BË`m{XdmŠ`moŠVm {ÌJwUm

1. nyU©ËdmXod B{V AW©…(H$).gm OJËH$V¥© yVm`m…{Q>.1 nm. o.3 ‘m`m`m… A§e yVm-AmZÝXê$nñ`

OJXwËnÎmm¡ H$aU yVm. gm{n ""gÎd§ aOñV‘ B{V {ZJw©Uñ` JwUmñÌ`…pñW{VgJ©{ZamoYofw J¥hrVm ‘m``m {d^mo…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&18) BË`ñ`gw~m o{YÝ`m§ gå`J² {dd¥Vm, ""gd©ê$nnm.ô.4-^JdËgå~ÝYmV²

gd©à{VH¥${Vê$nm'' (gw~mo.2&5&18) B{V. à{VH¥${V…=gÄMm`H$‘².VVíM ‘ybê$nmon[a gÄMm`H$ê$nm gm ^d{V. VVmo ‘ybê$no {ZJ©VoAjam§e yVñ` VÌ àdoe… VXm Vpñ‘Z² Vm‘² AmH¥${V‘² B § gånmX`Vr{VXoe-H$mb-dñVw-ê$nm gVr H$Xm{MX² ^Jd{XÀN>`m H$Ë ©{n ^d{V,ZVw VmdVm ‘ybH$V¥©Ëd‘². EVpËÌV`ê$nm epŠV…, gpÀMXmZÝXê$nñ`,"^md'-"Ëd'-"Vbm'{XdmÀ`m, BË`m{XH$… nydm©H$maH$ñ` H$m‘ñ`ànÄM….

(I){ÛVr`ñ`Vw (ànÄM…) CËH$fm©nH$f©ê$n:. VoZ {Ìfw AmZÝX:CËH¥$ï>: BVam¡ `WmoÎma‘² AnH¥$ï>m¡. VXm BVam¡ V§ god‘mZm¡ OmVm¡, VV:V`mo: Y‘m£ kmZ{H«$ò ^JdÀN>pŠVê$no OmVo VXm g AmZÝXmokmZ{H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² OmV:. VXm {MX§eñ` epŠV: `m ì`m‘mo{hH$m‘m`m, A{dÚmnm. o.5 B{V `mdV², gm {MX§emV² kmZê$no Y‘} JVo V§ì`m‘moh`{V. gVw ~moYê$nmo@{n Y‘©ê$nkmZm^mdmV² V`m ì`m‘w½Y…AmZÝXñ` n¥W½ yVËdmV² VËgå~ÝYoZ AmZÝXmo ^{dî`{V B{V ~wÕçmV`m gå~ÕçVo. VVmo ì`mHw$b: gZ² gXmZÝXH¥$Vg¥ï>m¡ `: gyÌmË‘mAmgÝ`m o Xe{dYàmUê$n: V‘ ² Adbåã` {Vð > {V. VXmàmUYmaUà`ËZdÎdmX² "Ord:' B{V CÀ`Vo. gX§eñVw

1. dñVwVñVw OÝ‘mÚ{YH$aUo ""CËn{ÎmpñW{VZmemZm§ OJV…H$V¥© d¡ ~¥hV² doXoZ ~mo{YV§ V{Õ ZmÝ`Wm ^{dVw§ j‘‘²'' B{Vlr‘XmMm` ©dMZàm‘mÊ`mV ² ~ «÷UEd H$V ¥ © Ëd‘ ²;""ànÄMm o^JdËH$m ©ñVÐÿnmo ‘m``m@^dV²'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&23) BË`ñ` AmdaU^“o""‘m`m“rH$manjo{n H$aUê$nm`m… Vñ`m… ñdê$nmZ{V[aŠVËdmX²A{^ÝZ{Z{‘ÎmmonmXmZËd§ ’${bV{‘Ë`W©…'' B{V J«ÝWH¥$V¡d {ddaUmV²M ‘m`m`mñVw H$aUËd‘od B{V {gÕmÝV…(í`m).

{H«$`meŠVo: JVËdmX² Aì`ŠVVm‘² AmnÚVo OS>: M ^d{V.níMmV² ‘yb^yV{H«$`m§em{^: {H«$`m{^: `Wm`W§ earam{Xê$noUA{^ì`Á`Vo. níMmV² Vñ`m§ {H«$`m`m§ VËH¥$Vo Y‘} dm {Vamo yVo {Vamo d{V.VXm{n Vñ`m§ {H«$`m`m§ OmVm`m§ `mo, ""Zm‘ê$no ì`mH$adm{U''

197 198

(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&3&2) B{V ê$n`m ‘yboÀN>`m OmVmo KQ>m{XeãX…, gOrdo ^Jd{V ~wÕm¡ M A{^ì`ŠVEd

{VîR>Z² ÜdñVm{Xì`dhma‘² CnnmX`{V. EVñ` Xe{dYËd§nm. o.6

""`Wm ‘hmpÝV yVm{Z'' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&34) BË`ñ` gw~mo{YZrVmoAdJÝVì`‘². Ed§ {MÐÿnmo@{n kmZeŠË §e yV¡… kmZ¡… A{^ì`Á`Vo{Vamo d{V M. Vñ`M {d^mJ… à‘mUàH$aUmaåÊdnm. o.7 Añ‘m{^…àX{e©V….

Ed‘od AmZÝXì`dñWm{n D$h²`m. AmZÝXê$nñ` {d^mJñVwgJm©XrZm§ XemZm‘² ""AXrZbrbmh{gV...'' (^mJ.nwam.2&2&12) B{VíbmoH$moŠVarË`m ñdê$nY‘©ËdoZ ko …. Ú{n lwVm¡ {nnmb{`fm-g§{Ohrf}ñ’w$Q>o Z CŠVo VWm{n nyd©ê$n{Vamo md§ {dZm CÎmaê$nm{d^m©dm^mdmV²"àOm o ' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3, V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) BË`mH$maoU¡d g“¥hrVo.EdÄM C^mä`m‘² BÀN>mä`m§ gpÀMXmZÝXê$noä`mo `Wm`W§ àmUmÚm…OS>m… {MX§e-Ord-~ÝYZ-n[aH$a- yVm… gX§em…, Ordm… {MX§em…~ÝYZr`m…, AmZÝXm§em… VpÝZ`m‘H$m… AÝV`m©{‘U… M {dñ’w${b“Ý`m oZì`wÀMapÝV. Ed§ ~Õofw Ordofw `ñ‘¡ ^JdmZ² Vm§ nyUmª kmZepŠV§à`ÀN>oV², VXm Vm§ ‘mo{hH$m§ ‘m`m§ ËÒ{V, à`ËZÄM ËÒ{V. ñdê$no{MÐÿno M Ad{VîR>Vo AnamYrZ… M ^d{V. OJËH$V¥©ËdÝVw Z ^d{V.Vñ` gm ‘m`m epŠV… Z ^d{V, CËH$fm}@{n Z ^d{V, AmZÝXñ ¡dCËH¥$îQ>ËdmV². hrZVmVw AmnmVVmo dV©Vo. AmZÝXoZ gh {‘{bVñVwAmZÝXmo@{n ^d{V, g MoV² ñdY‘}U V§ J¥†r`mV².

B`§ à{H«$`m gd©lw{VdmŠ`mZwamoYoZ lwVmWm©n{Îm{gÕm gd©Ì¡dCn wÁ`Vo. AÝ`Wm à{H«$`mVw dmŠ`m{Z ~mYVo.

B{V g¥pîQ>à{H«$`m.

g¥îQ>çm{d^m©dñ` AdmÝVaà{H«$`m : EVXdmÝVaà{H«$`mñVw emñÌmW©{Z~ÝYo fmoT>m àX{e©Vm….

VÌ àW‘§ ""AmH$medX² ì`mnH§$ {h'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&25) B{V Ûmä`m§~«÷ñdê$n‘² CŠËdm VVmo ""~hþ ñ`m‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&27&) B{V BÀN>màH$maÛ`‘²CŠËdm ""V{XÀN>m‘mÌV… Vñ‘mX²'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&27) B{V Ûmä`m§ ""g WmoU©Zm{^…VÝVwZm CÀMaoX²'' (~¥h.Cn.2&1&20) B{V ÑßV~mbm{H$~«m÷Ulm{dV… gmjmV²gd©g¥pîQ>àH$ma… CŠV…. VÌ àmU-bmoH$-Xod-^yVm{Z gX§em…. ""gd©E(Vo)dAmË‘mZ…'' (~¥h.Cn.2&5&15) B{V "AmË‘'nXÝVw ""Jwhm§ à{dîQ>m¡'' (H$R>mon.1&3&1)B{V lwË`ÝVamZwamoYmX² OrdmÝV`m©{‘Umo… g§J«mhH$‘². Ed‘² EVofm§ ñdê$nôXoH$maUñdê$nôXmo@{n AWm©{jßVB{V ""~hþ ñ`m‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3) B{VBÀN>`m àW‘§ gpÀMXmZÝXmZm§ ôXmo {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYà{H«$`m`m‘² CŠV…. Vofm§H$maUê$nmUm§ Ì`mUm§ nyU©Ëd§ `X² CŠV§, lwVm¡, VX² Ed§ ko § :-

""nyU©‘X… nyU©{‘X§ nyUm©V² nyU©‘wXÀ`Vo& nyU©ñ` nyU©‘mXm` nyU©‘odmd{eî`Vo&&''

(~¥h.Cn.1&1&1)

BË`ñ` AW©… : "AX…' namoj§ ~«÷ AmZÝXê$n§, "nyUª'""AmH$medX² ì`mnH$‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.1&25) B{VH$m[aH$moŠVar{VH§$,"BX§' kmZê$n§ {ÛVr`nwéfê$n§, "nyUª' nydm}ŠVar{VH§$, "nyUm©V²' {ÛVr`mV²,"nyUª' gÐÿn§ àW‘nwéfê$n‘², "CXÀ`Vo' C{ÐÀ`Vo, nyUm©Ë‘ñd^mdmË`mJoZCÒÀN>{V B{V AW©…. H$m ©ñdê$nñ` àb o àË`mn{ÎmXem`m§ VÐÿnËd‘²Amh "nyU©ñ`' gXm{Xê$nñ` ~«÷U…, "nyUª' EH$agËd‘², "AmXm`'^JdËH$éU`m VÔÎm§ J¥hrËdm, "nyU©‘od Ad{eî`Vo' VÐÿn‘od ^d{VB{V AW©… B{V.

H«$‘g¥pîQ>à{H«$`mVw N>mÝXmo½`-V¡{Îmar`mXm¡ ""VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m‘²''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3) B{V ""VV² VoOmo@g¥OV'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3)BË`m{X ""Vñ‘mÛm EVñ‘mX² AmË‘Z… AmH$me… gå^yV…''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1&1) BË`m{XZm CŠVm.

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VÌ gX§emoÒ‘o Ed§ àH$ma oX… : OrdmÝV`m©{‘UmoñVw V¡{Îmar o XohàdoemoÎma§ôX… CŠV… ""VV² g¥îQ‰>m VXodmZwàm{deV² VXZwà{dí` gÀM Ë`ÀMm^dX²''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6) BË`m{XlmdUmV². {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYmoŠV§ VÌm{n A{déÕ‘². Ed‘²AÝ`Ìm{n {dMmaoU AZwgÝYo ‘².

g¥îQ>çZÝVa§ H$m ©{dMmaoVw `Ú{n ~¥hXmaÊ`Ho$ Ì § lm{dV§ ""Ì § dm BX§Zm‘ê$n§ H$‘©'' (~¥h.Cn.1&6&1) B{V VWm{n N>mÝXmo½ o H$‘© Ý`ŠH¥$Ë` ""AZoZOrdoZ AmË‘ZmZwà{dí` Zm‘ê$no ì`mH$adm{U'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&3&2) B{V Û`‘odlm{dV§ VoZ Zm‘ê$n oXm {Û{dY¡d g¥pîQ>….

VÌ ê$ng¥îQ>m¡ nÄMmË‘H$mo ^JdmZ² H$maU§-

""Ðì § H$‘© M H$mbíM ñd^mdmo OrdEd M& dmgwXodmV² namo ~«÷Z² ZMmÝ`mo@Wm}@pñV VÎdV…&&''

(^mJ.nwam.2&5&14)B{V {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYo ê$ng¥pîQ>-àH$aUr`-dmŠ`mV².

VÌ "Ðì §' ‘m`m, ""àH¥${Vh² ©ñ`monmXmZ‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&19) B{VAJ«oVw ‘hm yVm{XH$‘².

AdmÝVag¥îQ>m¡Vw :- ""A{YîR>mZ§ VWm H$Vm© H$aU§ M n¥Wp½dY‘²&{d{dYmíM n¥WH²$ MoîQ>m X¡d§ M¡dmÌ nÄM‘‘²&&earadmL²>‘Zmo{â² `V² H$‘© àma^Vo Za…&Ý`mæ § dm {dnarV§ dm nÄM¡Vo Vñ` hoVd…&&''

(^J.JrVm.18&14-15)

B{V JrVmdmŠ`mX² EVo nÄM hoVd… : VÌ "A{YîR>mZ§' eara§, "H$Vm©' Ord…,"n¥Wp½dYH$aU‘²' BpÝÐ`m{U. "{d{dYm… MoîQ>m…' àmUY‘© yVm…, "X¡d§' Jd{XÀN>m{XB{V ê$ng¥pîQ>ì`dñWm.

Zm‘g¥îQ>m¡Vw ""g Ef Ordmo {ddaàgy{V…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&17) B{Vnyd©àH$aUmoŠV¡H$mXeñH$ÝYr`dmŠ`mV² gyÌê$nEd ^JdmZ² gwfwåUm‘mJ}U ì`ŠVmo^dZ² KmofmË‘m eãX~«÷ê$n… àH$meVo. VV… gEd Kmofmo ZmXmË‘m dU©-nX-dmŠ`-Zm‘H$mo ^d{V. VX²{df`H$mo {dMma… gdm}@{n à‘mUn[aÀN>oXEd CŠVB{VZ nwZ… CÀ`Vo.

AV… na§ ~w{Õgm¡H$`m©Wª VmaVå`kmZmWª M à‘o § {Ìê$noU dÊ ©Vo ñdê$n-H$maU-H$m`©-H$mo{Q>ôXmV².

B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à‘o n[aÀN>oXo ~«÷mÛ¡V{Zê$nH$… H$ëbmob…‘ybñdê$n-brbmW©àH${Q>Vê$n-{dôX{Zê$nH$mo

{ÛVr`… Va“íM g‘mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. ""VÌ... g¥pîQ>à{H«$`mVw'' BË oVmdmZ² ^mJ… Am emoY{ZH$m H$ J nmR>`mo…

ZmpñV. 2.gd©H$m‘ B{V I nmR>mo AewÕ…. 3. gm OJËH$V¥© yVm`m… ‘m`m`m…A§e yVm B{V A nmR>o Z Cnbä`Vo, gm OJËH$Ë`m©… ‘m`m`m… B{V I nmR>…,J¥{hVñVw H$ J nmR>mZwgmaoU. 4. ""gd©ê$n... dñVwê$nm gVr'' BË`ÝVmo ^mJ… AnmR>o ZmpñV Am emoY{ZH$m. 5. A{dÚm B{V `mdV², B{V A nmR>o ZmpñV AmemoY{ZH$m. 6. ""EVñ` ... AdJÝVì`‘²'' BË`ÝVmo ^mJ… A nmR>o ZmpñV AmemoY{ZH$m. J nmR>o AZwdV©Vo. 7. {d^mJ… àma§Êd B{V A, I nmR>`mo…,J¥{hVñVw H$ J K nmR>mZwgmaoU.

201 202

&&à‘o ê$n~«÷U… H$mo{Q>Ì`{Zê$nH$… H$ëbmob…&&

&&à‘o o ñdê$nH$mo{Q>{Zê$nH$… AmÚ… Va“…&&

ñdê$nH$moQ>m¡ (1){H«$`m-(2)kmZ-(3)VXw `d¡{eï>ç- oXoZ Ì¡{dÜ`‘² : VÌ ñdê$nH$moQ>m¡ ^JdmZ² (1){H«$`m-(2)kmZ-(3)VXw `{d{eï>- oXoZ {Ì{dY….

(1)VWm{h- doXm{X^mdmnÝZeãXñ ¡d AÌ à‘mUËdmV² Vñ`{Q>.1 nyd©H$mÊSo>`kEd à{VnmÚVo. gM{Q>.2 `Ú{n ""`kmo d¡ {dîUw…'' (V¡{Îm.~«m÷.1&2&1&5&1)BË`m{X(lw{V){^… ""ZmamÙnam bmoH$m Xodm ZmamÙm“Om…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&5)BË`Úwn~¥§hUg{hVm{^… VmËn ©Vmo ^JdXmË‘H$Ed {ZpíMV…; VWm{n, AZwð>mZ‘²Amaä` ’$bmZw^dn`©ÝVm`m§ Xem`m§ gmYZËdoZ {H«$`¡d àVr`VB{V {H«$`m`m‘²AÝV{h©VEd gZ² nyd©H$mÊS>mW©ê$n….

(2)Ed§ {ÛVr`H$mÊSo>@{n gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$‘² AZÝVê$n‘² AZZÝVJwU§AZÝVepŠV ~«÷ à{VnmÚVo; VWm{n, Jwê$ng{Îm‘² Amaä` Ma‘d¥{Îmn`©ÝV‘²AZÝVa§ M kmZ‘od àVr`VB{V kmZo AÝV{h©V‘od gX² CÎmaH$mÊS>mW©ê$n‘².

(3)VXwn~¥§hUofw JrVmlr^mJdVm{XfwVw ^pŠV{df`ËdoZ kmZ-{H«$`m-{d{eï>…gmH$mamo AZÝVJwUnyU©… à{VnmÚVo. na‘^ŠË`mM VmÑeEd àH$Q>mo ^dVr{V^pŠV… VÌ JwUr^dVr{V kmZ{H«$`mê$n{d{eï>Ed VXW©ê$n… B{V.

{Ì{dYmo@{n à‘mUmZwamo{Yà‘o`mË‘m ñdê$nH$mo{Q>…. Aja‘² CÎmaH$mÊS>mW},H$‘© nyd©H$mÊS>mW} à{de{V, H$mbmo@{n ""H$mbmo@pñ‘...'' (^J.JrVm.11&32)B{V ""H$mbê$nmo@dVrU©…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&13&48) B{V ""àH¥$VoJw©Ugmå`ñ`{Z{d©eof-

1. "Vñ`' B{V doXñ` B{V AW©…(í`m). 2. "gM' B{V `k… B{V AW©…(í`m).

ñ` ‘mZ{d Moï>m V… g JdmZ² "H$mb' BË wnb{jV…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&17)BË`m{XdmŠ oä`mo AÝV…gpÀMXmZÝXê$nËdmV² JwUm{^‘m{ZZm§ ~«÷mXrZm§ ÒZH$ËdmV²M ñdê$nH$moQ>m¡. Ed§ ñd^mdmo@{n emñÌo CËnÎ`ZwŠË`m AZ{^‘mZËd wŠV-{ZË`Ëd-{d wËdmä`m§ {b“mä`m§ ñdê$nH$moQ>m¡ ko …. AÝV`m©{‘Um§ ñdê$n yVËdo@{n OrdoZgh H$m o àdoemV² VX² oXmZm§ AmZÝË o@{n H$maUr yV-dú`‘mU-VÎdearao à{dí`VËgmhmæ`H$aUmV ² H$maUH$m oQ > md od {Zd oem o ZV w nm.^ o.1 ñdê$nH$m oQ > m ¡ .AÝV`m©{‘~«m÷UmoŠV… EH$mo AÝV`m©‘rVw JdmZod, AVmo Z H$mo@{n eL²H$mdH$me….H«$‘g¥{ï>ê$nm§ nm¡amUà{H«$`m‘² AmXm` gd©{ZU© {Z~ÝYo AjamX`mo b{jVm… M.

VÌ ñdê$nH$mo{Q>JVmja~«÷ñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² : VÌ ""àH¥${V… nwéfíMmo m¡ na‘mË‘m^dV² nwam Ðÿn§ g‘{Yð>m` VXja‘wXr ©Vo''

(V.Xr.{Z.2&98) B{V AjabjU‘². BX‘od V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo ‘¡Ìo oU ""AmÊS>H$moemo~{ha`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&11&39) BË`m{XZm VÌ H$m`©pñW{VH$WZoZg‘dm{`Ëd~moYZnyd©H§$ bj`Vm ""VXmhþaja§ ~«÷ gd©H$maUH$maU§ {dîUmoYm©‘ na§gmjmV² nwéfñ` ‘hmË‘Z…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&11&41) BË`ZoZ CŠV§, gd©H$maU`mo…àH¥${V-nwéf`moa{n H$maU‘² B{V. ^JdVmM EH$mXeo ""AmgrX² kmZ‘`monm. o.2

h² W© EH$‘odm{dH$pënV‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&2) B{V CnH«$å` ""VÝ‘m`m’$bê$noUHo$db§ {Z{d©H$pënV§ dmL²>‘ZmoJmoMamVrV§ {ÛYm g‘^dX² ~¥hV² V`moaoH$Vamo h² W©…àH¥ ${V gm o^`mpË‘H$m kmZ § ËdÝ`V‘m o ^md… n wéf… gm o@{^Yr`Vo''(^mJ.nwam.11&24&2-4) BË`ZoZ CŠV‘². EVXod nydm}ŠVmZm§ Ì`mUm§ nyd©ê$nmUm§‘yb^yV§ kmZàYmZ§ J{UVmZÝX§ "~«÷'-"Hy$Q>ñWm'-"@ì`ŠVm'-"@gV²'-"V‘…'BË`m{XnXm{^Yo`‘².

Ho${MÎmw *ñWybgyú‘Xoh-Û`mdpÀN>ÝZ§ M¡VÝ § "Hy$Q>ñW'nXdmÀ`‘²* Amhþ…,VV² Z, epŠVJ«mhH$ñ` Abm^mV². AVmo `moJEd VÌ AmXaUr`…. BX‘od""‘ybê$nMaUmgZbmoH$m{Xê$n§ ì`m{nd¡Hw$ÊR>…'' BË`{n CÀ`Vo. AÝV`m©å`dVmam{Xê$nonmXê$noU h§gñdê$no nwÀN>ê$noU M ^d{V. kmZ‘mJ} ’$bê$n‘{n EVXod. B{VAja§ {Zê${nV‘².

203 204

VÌ H$mbñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² : EVñ ¡d ê$nmÝVa§ H$mb-H$‘©-ñd^mdm…, H$mbñ` A§e yVm¡ dm H$‘©-ñd^mdm¡.

VÌ ""1AÝV…gpÀMXmZÝXmo 2ì`dhmao B©fV² gÎdm§eoZ àH$Q>… H$mb…'' B{VH$mbñ` ñdê$nbjU‘².

AVrpÝÐ`ËdoZ H$m`m©Zw‘o ËdoZ M B©fV² gÎdm§eoZ àH$Q>Ëd‘² AmH$memXoa{nAñVr{V VX²dmaUm` 1AmÚ§ Xb‘², AjadmaUm` 2{ÛVr`‘². BXÄM ""H$mbmo@pñ‘bmoH$j`H¥$V²'' (^J.JrVm.11&32) ""H$mboZmì`ŠV‘y{V©Zm'' (^mJ.nwam.3&10&12)B{V dmŠ`mZwamo{Y.

""{ZË`JËdo g{V gH$bml`… gH$bm oX ²^dm o dm H$mb…'' B{VH$m`m©Zwgm[abjU‘². VÌ AmÚo{Q>.1 AjadmaUm` {ÛVrò B©ídaoÀN>m{XdmaUm`gË`ÝV‘². àmUm{XdmaUm` {ÛVr §, lwVm¡ "AZñV{‘VËd'(~¥h.Cn.1&5&22)~moYZoZVñ`m{n {ZË`JËdmV². EVoZ¡d{Q>.2 {Ma{jàm{Xì`dhmañ` AVrVmZmJVm{Xì`hmañ`M Cnn{Îm…. ""JwUì`{VH$amH$mamo {Z{d©eofmo@à{V{ð>V… nwéfñVXwnmXmZ‘mË‘mZ§brb`m@g¥OX²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&10&11) B{V dmŠ`mZwgm[a M BX§ bjU‘². EVñ`àW‘§ H$m`ª JwUjmo^…, ""H$mbmX² JwUì`{VH$a…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&22) B{VdmŠ`mV². EVñ`M gy`m©X`… Am{Y^m¡{VH§$ ê$n§, na‘mÊdm{X-{ÛnamYm©ÝV‘²AmÜ`mpË‘H$‘², Am{YX¡{dH§$ ""H$mbmo@pñ‘...'' (^J.JrVm.11&32)B{V dmŠ`mX²^JdmZod.

VÌ `mdVm H$mboZ gy ©aWMH«§$ na‘mUw‘mÌ§ Xoe§ ì`mßZmo{V g H$mb… na‘mUw….MVw‘w©Im w… {ÛnamY©‘². na‘mUwñVw 1""gXm, 2g§ moJmdñWm§

1. BVAmaä` H$mbñ` H$m`m©Zwgm[abjU§ A Am H$ I J K gdm©ñdod‘mV¥H$mgw Ed‘od Cnbä`Vo VWm{n ""VWm{n AjadmaUm` "{ZË`JËd‘²',

B©ídaoÀN>mdmaUm` "gH$bml`…', àmUm{XdmaUm` "gH$bmoX² d…' B{V Ame`ñVwñ’w$Q>Ed(í`m) 2. {ZË`JËdoZ¡d B{V AW©…(A).

3H$m`m©dñWm§ M AàmßVmo, 4A{Vgyú‘… gXd`d…''. VX² CŠV§ ""Ma‘…gX²{deofmUm‘ZoH$mo@g§`wV… gXm na‘mUw… g {dko`mo Z¥Um‘¡Š`^«‘mo `V…''(^mJ.nwam.3&11&1) B{V.

4"A{Vgyú‘…' B{V {d^mOH$mKmVmg{hîUw…. 2""g§ moJmdñWm‘² AàmßV…''B{V `Ì EH$… {Vð>{V VÌ ~hd… n¥W½^yVm… {Vð>pÝV. ""AUmoaUr`mZ²...''(H$R>mon.2&20) BË`m{XlwË`m JdVmo@{n A{Vgyú‘Ëd‘² CnnÚV-B{V VX²dmaUm`"g§ moJo'BË`m{X. 3VV… H$m`m}Ën{ÎmdmaUm` "H$m }'Ë`m{X. 1H$Xm{MV² g§ moJo Vñ`m§Xem`m§ na‘gyÊ‘Vm{Zd¥Îmm¡ bú`m^mdmXod bjUñ` AmJ‘Zo Agå^d… ñ`m{X{VVX²dmaUm` "gXo'{V.

{gÕmÝVoVw ñWybmXod àH¥$Ë`mXo… gH$memV² H$m ©ñ` ‘hXmXo… CËn{Îm…. H$maUËdÝVwOÝ`^mËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V H$m © mo½`md`dñWybm§eËdoZ AZwJV‘².

ZM *gyú‘¡aod VÝVwà ¥{V{^… nQ>m{XOZZXe©ZmX² A § {Z`‘… àË`j{déÕ…*

B{V dmÀ`§, VÌm{n ñWybm §eñ`¡d H$mnm ©gmX o… XrKm ©dñWm § àmßVñÀmH¥${V{deofgånmXZmWª IÊS>emo Ad`d`moOZo … g‘wXm`… Vñ ¡d CnmXmZËd{‘{VVV… gyú‘ñ`¡d nQ>mXo… CËnÎmo…. AÝ`Wm `ÝÌmX² VXwÎmmaUo N>oX… VÝËdmXo… Z{H«$ oV. `ÌVw àH$mamÝVaoU nQ>moÎmmaU§ VÌm{n g‘ñ ¡d CËn{Îm… ZVw ñWybñ` B{VA{damoYmV² H$maUVmZwJ‘H$ê$nmbmonmV² M. Hw$ÊS>bà{V‘mXmd{n ‘{U-gwd©U-bmjm{X-g‘wXm`ñ ¡d CnmXmZËd‘² B{V AÝ`Ìm{n VW¡d D$h² ‘². Ed§ J^m©Xmd{n~rOaOñg‘wXm`ñ`¡d CnmXmZVm. H$maUñWybVmVw ~{h… VX§eXe©ZmV² ñnï>¡d.EVoZ AÊS>OmA{n ì`m»`mVm…. ñdoXOmA{n ñWybmXod ñdoXmX² CËnÚÝVo.CX²{^ÁOmñVw àW‘‘² AL²Hx$aÝVr{V ~rOmV² gyú‘mEd. AVEd `mdV² Z Cß`ÝVoVmdX² AL²Hx$a^mdEd {Vð>{V B{V wÁ`Vo. CßVmZm§ d¥{ÕñVw AmhmaÝ`m oZ ~moÜ`m.`Ì nwZ… bmohXméXÝV{Z`m©gm{X{^… n`m© oU Ad`d`moOZ§, J¥hmXm¡ M Bï>H$m{X{^…,VÌm{n nQ>Ý`mÈd AV… EH$ñ` EH$‘od CnmXmZ‘² B{V {ZíM`…. AÝ`WmH$maUJwUmZm§ H$m`©JwUmaå^H$ËdmV² H$maUJV¡H$Ëd¡… àËòH$‘² EH$Ëdmaåô H$m`}

205 206

AZoH¡$H$ËdàVr{V… AZmaå o VÎmX²JV¡H$Ëd¡… Anojm~wÕçm ~hþËd‘od àVr oV ZVwEH$Ëd‘², AV… EH$ñ` EH$‘od CnmXmZ‘² B{V AdXmV‘².

{H$ÄM na‘mUwH$maUdmXo H$m`©ñ` nmÄM^m¡{VH$ËdmX² ObmX`… g§`wŠVm…^dÝVr{V Vo@{n VV… n¥W½ yVm… na‘mUwËd‘² AmnÚoaZ². ZM Ed‘² Aä wnJÝVw§eL²H$ç§, àË`j{damoYmV² ‘¥{ÎmH$mXm¡ VWm AXe©ZmV². *ZZw na‘mUwä`… g¥ï²>çZ"rH$maoVXä`wnJ‘ñ` {H$‘² Amdí`H$Ëd‘²* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo, XohoZ gh AmË‘Z…EoŠ`^«‘ñ` VËH$m`©ËdoZ VX“rH$mañ` Amdí`H$ËdmV². Y‘m©Y‘©g§ñH¥$V¡… V¡aodOrdñ` XohoZ gh EoŠ` «‘mV². *ZZw Ed§ g{V nwÄOmV² nwÄOmoËn{Îmnjmn{Îm…* B{VMoV², Z, Bï>mnÎmo…. ""nrdo{V amem¡ Z {dXm§ àdmX…'' (^mJ.nwam.5&10&9) BË`m{Xñ‘¥Vm¡earao am{eËdH$WZmX² «‘mW©‘od VX“rH$mamV². ~{hÑ©í`‘mZñVw Ad`dr Voä`moA{V[aŠVEd, g§KmVê$nËdmV², gm‘wXm{`H$… M A`‘² AVmo Z H$m{n AZwnn{Îm….ZZw *ñWybmV² gyú‘moËnÎ`“rH$mao {d^mJmX² CËn{Îm… A“rH¥$Vm ^d{V VWm g{VZme… H$ñ‘mX² A“rH$m ©…* B{V MoV², g§ moJmXo[ad B{V ~«y‘…, gËH$m ©dm{X{^…à{VgÄMañ ¡d A“rH$mamV². bmoH$àË`jmZwJ«hm`Vw nmíMmË`H$m`m©Um‘² C^mä`m§`Wmgå^d§ ZmemoËnÎmr. AVEd Obg§ moJoZ d•o…, H$nmb{d^mJmV² M KQ>ñ`Zme…, VjUmX² XÝVMfH$mXo…, VÝVwg§ moJmV² M nQ>ñ` CËn{Îm… g“ÀN>Vo. *ZZwna‘mUwä`… g¥ï²>çZ“rH$mao ñWybmV² M A“rH$mao ‘Zgmo@{n g¥{ï>… Z ñ`mV². VWmg{V ""~ «÷Um o ‘mZgm… n wÌm…'' (‘hm^m.Am{X.nd © .59&10)BË`m{XdmŠ`{dam oYmn{Îm…* B{V MoV², Z, Vñ` na‘mUwn[a‘mUËdo@{nna‘mUwËdm^mdmV². AÝ`Wm na‘mUyZm§ nÄM{dYËdmnÎmo…. ""^m¡{VH$Ëdo g{V {ZË`moJ{V‘mZ² na‘mUw…'' B{V d¡eo{fH$bjUÝVw ~m{YV‘od, gJm©Xm¡ ^yVm{gÕ²çm^m¡{VH$Ëdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV². ZMnm. o.3 *"" yVËdo g{V'' BË od {deofUr`‘²*

B{V dmÀ §, VWmËdo@{n {ZË`Ëdñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV², lwË`m ñ‘¥Vo… ~mYmX² B{V{XH²$. Ed§ na‘mUwXoeoZ H$mbna‘mUm¡ kmVo VV… nwamUmÚwŠVarË`m {ÛnamÕm©d{Y…AmÜ`mpË‘H$mo ko …. B{V H$mbmo {Zê${nV….

VÌ H$‘©ñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² :

AW H$‘©. VëbjUÄM : ""1{d{Y{ZfoYàH$maoU bm¡{H$H${H«$`m{^… àXoeVmoA{^ì`ÄOZ`mo½`m 2ì`m{nH$m {H«$`m'' B{V. 1H$m{bH${H«$`mdmaUm` "`mo½`mÝV‘²',2"ì`m{nH$m' B{VVw ñdê$nH$WZ‘mÌna‘². EdÄM ""gd©H$‘m©{U ‘Zgm''(^J.JrVm.5&13) BË`mXm¡ ~hþdMZ§ VX§em{^àm oU ~moÜ § bm¡{H$H${H«$`mnaËdoZdm ~moÜ`‘². EVZ¡d{Q>.1 AÑï>ñ`m{n AmË‘JwUËd§ {ZamH¥$V§ do{XVì`‘². EdÄM"Anydm©'-"@Ñï>'-"Y‘m©'-"@Y‘m©'{XnX¡a{n BX‘od CÀ`Vo. AV… gmYmaÊ o@{n’$bì`dñWmonnÎmo… Z H$‘©ZmZmËd‘² BË`{n. XmZ-qhgmXm¡Vw"Y‘m©Y‘m©'{Xà`moJmoA{^ì`ÄOH$Ëdmonm{YZm ^mŠV…. EdÄM `mJmX{n gmjmXod ñdJ©{g{Õ… B{V{XH²$.

ZM *H$‘©U… EH$Ëdo gd©gmYmaUËdmV² ""nwÊ`X… nwÊ`‘mßZmo{V nmnX… nmn^mJ²^doV²'' ( )* BË`m{XdmŠ`mZwnn{Îm…, nyd©{H«$``m A{^ì`ŠVñ` VX§eñ` dMZ~boZnwÌoï²>çm{XdX² ì`{YH$aU’$bgånmXH$ËdmV² gwIoZ¡d CnnÎmo…. AVEd {dídm{‘ÌmXo…{Ìe§ŠdmXrZm§ ñdJm}@{n CnnÚVo. EVñ`M A{^ì`ŠË`ZÝVa§ ’$bg‘mnZmd{Y…àmH$Q²>ç§ ’$b-^moJ-OZH$-{H«$``m H«$‘oU {Vamo md… B{V {XH²$. EVñ`M ‘w» §H$m ª OÝ‘ê$n§, ""H$‘©Umo OÝ‘ ‘hV… nwéfm{Y{ð>VmX² A yV'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&22)B{V àW‘VEd OÝ‘OZH$ËdmoŠVo…. B{V H$‘© {Zê${nV‘².

VÌ ñd^mdñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² : AW ñd^md…. "n[aUm‘hoVwËd§' VëbjU‘². ñdê$nÝVw ^Jd{XÀN>m@@H$maH§$

ZVw BÀN>¡d, ""H$mb§ H$‘© ñd^md§ M'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&11) B{V dmŠ o "CnmXXo'B{V H$WZmV². A`‘{n ì`mnH$… gd©dñVw níMmËH¥$Ë`

1. à{Vnwéf{H«$`m{^ì §½`ËdH$WZoZ¡d B{V AW©…(H$).ñd § JmoMamo ^d{V. `Wm ñd^mdXwï>ofw kmZm{XH§$ {VañH¥$Ë` àmJod AZw d‘²

Amamoh{V. Ìm{n Z Amamoh{V VÌm{n ""n[aUm‘… ñd^mdV…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&22)B{V dmŠ`mV² VËH$m }U n[aUm‘oZ AZw‘o B{V Z {d{eî` VÌ H$píMX² {dMma….B{V ñd^md…. B{V ñdê$nH$mo{Q>….

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B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à‘o n[aÀN>oXo à‘o ê$n~«÷U… H$mo{Q>Ì`{Zê$nHo$H$ëbmobo

ñdê$nH$mo{Q>{Zê$nH$… AmÚ… Va“…g‘mßV…

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. ""ZVw... eL²H$mdH$me…'' BË oVmdmZ² ^mJmo Am emoY{ZH$m H$ I J K

nmR>oîd{n VW¡d. 2. à{gÕ… nmR>… "kmZ‘Wmo' B{V. 3. ""ZM... AeŠ`dMZËdmX²''BË`ÝVmo ^mJ… Am emoY{ZH$m.

à‘o ê$n~«÷U… H$mo{Q>Ì`{Zê$nHo$ H$ëbmobo {ÛVr`… Va“…

{df`monH«$‘… : AW {ÛVr`m H$maUH$mo{Q>…. VÌ Aï>mqde{V VÎdm{Z VofmÄM VÎdËd§

^JdX²^mdê$nËdmV², Vñ` ^md… VÎd{‘{V. ^JdVmo `m H$maUVm gm bmoHo$Aï>mqde{VYm àH$Q>m B{V `mdV², ZVw AZmamo{nVê$nËdoZ,{Q>.1 lw{V{damoYmV².H$maUËdÝVw AÊS>g¥ï²>çm{d^m©dH$-eŠË`mYmaËdmX² AgmYmaU- ËdoZ{Q>.2 ZVwB©ídaoÀN>m{XdV² gmYmaUËdoZ B{V ko ‘². AV… na§ JrVm§ V¥Vr`ñH$ÝY§ M Am{lË`Vofm§ bjUm{Z {Zê$ß`ÝVo, nm. o.1 H$m ©H$mo{Q>ñVw níMmX² dmÀ`m.

JwUÌ`bjU{Zê$nU‘² : (1)VÌ VmdV² ""H$à‘wImZmdaH$Ëdonm. o.2 àH$meH$Ëdo gwImË‘H$ËdoM g{V

IgwImgŠË`m kmZmgŠË`m M JXo{hZmo XohmÚmgpŠVOZH§$''=gÎd‘². VX² CŠV§""VÌ gÎd§ {Z‘©bËdmV² àH$meH$‘Zm‘ § gwIg“oZ ~ÜZm{V kmZg“oZ MmZK''(^J.JrVm.14&6) B{V. AÌ JwUmÝVao A{Vì`mpßVdmaUm` OÝ o gÎd{deofoAì`mpßV{Zamgm` M IV¥Vr`mÝVÛ`‘². JwUmÝVam{‘{lV-kmZgwImË‘H$ñdê$n-H$WZm` H$"gË`'ÝV‘². VÀM Ho$db§ ñdê$nbjU§ nwéfo A{Vì`mßZmoVr{V VX²dmaUm`H$m ©bjUoZ gh¡d Cn{XîQ>§, J"Xo{hZ…'B{V Agå^ddmaUm`, OrdmX² AÝ`ñ`~ÝYm^mdmV².

1. AZmamo{nVH$maUVmVw ~«÷Ê od ""`Vmo dm B‘m{Z yVm{Z Om`ÝVo... VX²~«÷'' BË`m{XlwË`Zwam oYmX², Vñ‘mX² dñVwVñVw ~«÷JV¡do`§ H$maUVm,Aï>mqde{VVÎdmZm§ ~«÷ê$nËdmX², Voîd{n Amamoß`Vo. AWm©X² ‘w»`H$maUVmVw~«÷¡H$n ©dgm{`Zr AdmÝVaH$maUVmVw VXr`mdmÝVaê$noîd{n A{dà{VnÝZm B{VAW©…(í`m). 2. ~«÷U… VWm{dYeŠVo… EVofw VÎdofw AZwdV©Zm{X{V AgmYmaÊ`‘{nH$m ©H$mo{Q>JVVÎdmnoj ¡d ZVw ~«÷mnoj`m B{V ^md…(í`m).

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(2)""H$/1amJmË‘H§$ dm H$/2V¥îUmg“m{XOZH§$ dm IH$‘m©gŠË`mJXo{hZmo K{ZVam§ XohmÚmgpŠVOZH§$ dm''=aO…. VX² CŠV§ ""aOmo amJmË‘H§$

{d{Õ V¥îUmg“g‘wX ²^d§ VpÝZ~ÝYm{V H$m ¡ÝV o` H$‘©g“ oZ X o{hZ‘²''(^J.JrVm.14&7) B{V. AÌ V¥Vr`bjUo JwUmÝVao A{Vì`mpßVdmaUmÌV¥Vr`mÝV‘². ~ÝYZo gËdmX² Am{YŠ`kmnZm` K"{ZVam‘²' B{V. H$/2{ÛVr`ÝVwCnbjU{dY`m ""bmo … àd¥{Îmamaå^…'' (^J.JrVm.14&12) BË`m{X-dmŠ`moŠV-H$m`m©ÝVamUm‘{n kmnH$‘². H$/1àW‘ÝVw ñdê$nbjU§ "{d{Õ' B{VH$WZmV². amJíM""ñÌrnw§gmo… nañna§ ñn¥hm'' B{V am‘mZwOmMm`m©…, ""{df ofw JÕ©…'' B{V AÝ o.

(3)""HAmdaUepŠVOÝ`§ Igd©Xo{h‘mohH§$ Jà‘mXmbñ`{ZÐm{^… KXo{hZmoL>XohmÚmgpŠVOZH§$''=V‘…. VX² CŠV§ ""V‘ñËdkmZO§ {d{Õ ‘mohZ§ gd©Xo{hZm§à‘mXmbñ`{ZÐm{^… VpÝZ~ÝYm{V maV'' (^J.JrVm.14&8) B{V. AÌ JV¥Vr`mÝVoCnbjU{dYm ko m, ""AàH$memo@àd¥{ÎmíM'' (^J.JrVm.14&13) B{VdmŠ`mV²,eof§ nyd©dV².

H$m{nbmñVw *""àrË`àr{V{dfmXmÚ¡… JwUmZm‘² AÝ`mo@Ý § d¡Yå ª, b¿dm{XY‘£…AÝ`moÝ`gmYå`ª d¡Yå`ª M JwUmZm‘²'' (gm§.à.gy.1&127-128) B{VàdMZgyÌÛ`ñWm"@@{X'nXmä`m§ H$m`m©ÝVamÊ`{n g§J¥ôUVo.

`Wm{h gm§»`H$m[aH$m-

""àrË`àr{V{dfmXmË‘H$m… àH$meàd¥{Îm{Z`‘mWm©…&AÝ`moÝ`m{^^dmlÒZZ{‘WwZd¥Îm`… M JwUm…&& gËd§ bKw àH$meH${‘îQ>‘wnîQ>å^H§$ Mb§ M aO…&JwédaUH$‘od V‘… àXrndÀMmW©Vmo d¥{Îm…&&''

(gm§.H$m[a.12-13) B{V.

EVXW©ñVw : gwIXw…I‘mohñdê$nm… àH$meàd¥{Îm{ZJ«h’$b H$m…`WmH«$‘§ JwUm…. Vo nwZ… AÝ`moÝ`m{^^dZm-@Ý`moÝ`mYmaËdm-@Ý`moÝÒZZm-@Ý`moÝ`- {‘WwZ{H«$`mH$m…, nwéfmWª, ñdVEd ^dpÝVZVw Ho$Z{MV² ào[aVm…. `Wm d{V©V¡bo AZb{damo{YZr ghmZboZê$nàH$mebjU§ H$m ª Hw$éVmo, Wmdm dmV{nÎmíboî‘mU… nañna{déÕm…earaYmaUbjU§ H$m ª Hw$d©pÝV; VWm, EVo JwUm… nañna{damo{YZmo@{nAZwdV©ÝVo ñdH$m ª M Hw$d©pÝV B{V. eof§ ñnîQ>‘²* B{V gm§»`VÎdH$m¡‘wÚm§ì`m»`mV….

VÌ ñdVmo AZwdV©Zm{XH$‘² AZmXaUr §, ñd^mddmXmZrídadmXmlÙmV².VWmËd o l w {Vñ‘ ¥ {V{dam oYmV ² . AÝ`m o ÝÒZZ{‘W wZd ¥ {Î mËdÄM VWm,bjUgmL²H$ ©àg“mV². aOgmo Xw…ImË‘H$ËdÄM VWm, amJmË‘H$Ëd{damoYmV². eofÝVwJrVm{X{damoYm^mdmX² AZw‘V‘od.

EVoM JwUm… Xmnm. o.3 JdV… gH$memXod CËnÚÝVo VXm ‘m`m {MÀN>pŠVê$nmAmZÝXepŠVê$nmnm. o.4 dm ko m…, ""BËW§ {d{MÝË` na‘… gVw dmgwXodZm‘mnm. o.5

~ yd {ZOH$maU‘wpŠVXmVm Vñ`mk ¡d {Z`Vm na‘m{n ê$n§ dd«o {ÛVr`{‘dnm. o.6

`V² àdXpÝV ‘m`m‘²'' ( ) B{V nÄMamÌdmŠ`mV², {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYnm. o.7 ""gËd§aOñV‘ B{V {ZJw©Uñ` JwUmñÌ`… pñW{VgJ©{ZamoYofw J¥hrVm… ‘m``m {d^mo…''(^mJ.nwam.2&5&18) B{V ‘m`m`m… H$aUËd~moYH$-~«÷dmŠ`mV² M. EVofw ‘ybJwUofwpñWVm¡ A{YH¥$VgËd§ `Xm AÝ`mon‘X©demX² Xw~©b§ ^d{V VXm Xodm{Xê$noU wJo-wJo ^JdÝV§ àmÏ © AdVma`{V ñdm§e-Y‘m©{X-ñWmnZmWª, VXm ñd § VXdVma-

eara-g‘dm{` dm earaemoYH§${Q>.1dm earaê$n§ dm àmXw m©d{Z{‘Îm§ dm ^d{V VXmgËdñ` Ad`dmA{n n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ ê$nm{U {~ «{V B{V àW‘ñ` Xe‘o ""`Xm{h...''(gw~mo.1&10&24) B{V íbmoHo$ pñWV‘². `Xm nwZ… ""VÝ‘m`m’$bê$noU''(^mJ.nwam.11&24&3) B{V EH$mXemoŠVarË`m C^`mpË‘H$m {MÀN>pŠVê$nm ""X¡drh² ofm JwU‘`r ‘‘ ‘m`m'' (^J.JrVm.7&14) B{V M ^JdÛmŠ`mV²

1. EVÝ‘ybo gw~mo{YZrJ«ÝWo "eara~moYH$‘²' BË`{n nmR> oX… Cnbä`Vo(í`m).

211 212

JwU‘`r ‘m`m ^d{V VXmVw ""V‘moaO…gËd{‘{V àH¥$Voa^dZ² JwUm… ‘`màjmoä`‘mUm`m nwéfmZw‘VoZ M'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&5) B{V dmŠ`mV²àH¥${VY‘©ê$nm… {df‘JwUm… ^dpÝV jmoä`‘mUËdmoŠVo…. VXJ«oM ""Voä`… g‘^dV²

gyÌ‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&6) B{V ‘hÎmÎdmoËnmXH$ËdH$WZmV² ‘hXwËnÎmo… M""VVmo@^dÝ‘hÎmÎd‘² Aì`ŠVmV² H$mbZmo{XVmX²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&5&27) B{V ""X¡dmV²jw{^VY{‘©Ê`m§ ñdñ`m§ `moZm¡ na… nw‘mZ² dr ©‘mYÎm gmgyV ‘hÎmÎd§ {haÊ‘`‘²''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&19) B{V V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYm{XdmŠ ¡… jmo moÎma-^m{dËd-{ZíM`mX²d¡få`mnan`m© ñ` jmo ñ` M gOmVr`-g§dbZmË‘H$-n[aUm‘ê$nËdmX{n VWm.EVofmÄM gËdmXrZm§ JwUËd§ Z namW©ËdmV². VWmg{V g§KmVV`m JwUmZm§ àË oH§$gd©Xm {ÌJwUËdo bjUgmL²H$`©àg“mV² {H$ÝVw ~ÝYH$ËdmXod. ZM *jmo^ñ`nmíMmË`ËdoZ AjwãYmZm§ ñdê$nmàÀ`mdH$ËdmV² H$m ©bjUmì`mpßV…* eL²H$çm,ñdê$n`mo½`V`m JwUm{^‘m{Z~ÝYH$ËdoZ M bjUg‘Ýd`mV². ^JdVmo {ZJw©UËdÝVwgyÌH$mnm©gÝ`m oZ. `Wm H$mnm©go gyÌ§ Z {H$ÝVw H$mnm©g‘od ñdmd`d¡… nm¡dm©n ©‘²AmnÚ‘mZ§ gyÌVm‘² AmnÚVo VWm {ZJw©Umo ^JdmZ² JwUmZ² CËnmX`{V B{Vgw~mo{YÝ wŠV(2&5&18){Xem ko ‘². gX§emV² gÎd§, {MX§emX² aO…, AmZÝXm§emV²M V‘… BË`m{XVw nydm}ŠVH$ënmnm. o.8 {^àm § H$ënmÝVaoVw EH$mXeñH$ÝYmoŠVarË`mgpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$mX² ~«÷U… gH$memV² ‘m`moËnÎmm¡ VXwÎma‘² A § {d^mJ… BË`VmoZ Xmof…. B{V JwUmZm§ bjUm{Z.

nwéfñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² : AW nwéf…. VëbjUÝVw "AmË‘m' B{V : XohopÝÐ`m{XH§$ gdª nXmW©‘² AV{V

ì`mßZmo{V A{Y{Vð>{V B{V AmË‘m.

AmË‘ZñVw Ìr{U bjUm{Z, Vofw-

(H$)""AZm{XËdo g{V {ZJw©UËdo g{V àH¥${V{Z`m‘H$Ëdo g{VAh§{d{ÎmdoÚËd‘²'' B{V EH§$ bm¡{H$H$‘².

(I)"ñd`åàH$meËd‘²' B{V Ana§ ñdê$nbjU‘².

(J)""{dídJVJwUXmofgå~ÝYm^mdo@{n gå`Šg§gJ©dÎd‘²'' B{VV¥Vr § ‘wŠË wn`mo{J.

VX² CŠV§ V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo ""AZm{XamË‘m nwéfmo {ZJw©U… àH¥$Vo… na… àË`½Ym‘mñd`ÄÁ`mo{V{d©íd§ oZ g‘pÝdV‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&3) B{V.

(H$)AÌ àW‘bjUo "AZm{X'nX§ ‘hXm{XgmYmaU-gm{XËd{ZfoYnaËdoZì`m» o § ""{ÛYm g‘^dX² ~¥hX²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&3) B{V dmŠ`mZwamoYmV².VoZ¡d ^JdX²dmaU‘{n, eofÝVw Cn`mo{J. VÌ Xohm{XdmaUm` ""àH¥${V{Z`m‘H$Ëdog{V'' B{V. ì`{VaoH$ì`mßË`m VWmËdgmYZm` "AZmXr'{V. VW¡d AZm{XËdgmYZm`"{ZJw©Uo'{V. H$mbdmaUm` "Ah§{dÎmr'Ë`m{X. BXÄM bjU§ ì`{VaoH$‘wIoZBVa oXgmYZo Ý`m`ËdoZ n ©dñ`{V.

à`moJñVw : nwéf… àH¥${V-àmH¥$V{^ÝZ…, CŠVbjUH$ËdmV², `ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d‘²,B{V.

(I){ÛVr`ÝVw ApñVËdgmYH$‘². VWm{h gwfwßVm¡ {Û{dYo@{n H$aUo brZoVV… Hw$Vmo@{n hoVmo… CpËWVñ` nw§g… ""gwI‘² Ah‘² Añdmßg§ Z {H$pÄMX²Ado{Xf{‘{V AmË‘mZ‘{n A~wÕ‰m e{`Vmo Apñ‘'' BË`m{Xñ‘aUmV² gwfwßVm¡ AZw dmoApñV B{V AZw‘r`Vo. AZw d§ {dZm ñ‘aUm`moJmV², AZw dËdoZ ñ‘aUËdoZH$m ©H$maU^mdmV². gM Z g{df`H$… VWm g{V {df`‘{n VXmZt àH$me oV².Zm{n gmjmV² naåna`m dm {dfÒÝ`…, VWm g{V g{df`H$… ñ`mV², g{df`H$ñ`{dfÒÝ`Ëd{Z`‘mV², àË`j§ namoj§ dm {df`àH$meZàg“mV² M. AVmo {df`mOÝ`mo{Z{d©f`H$Ed {dbjU… H$píMX² AZw^dmo ApñV B{V {ZíMr`Vo. Ed§ g{V{df`H$mb oXoZ {^ÝZoîd{n ñ‘aUofw mo AhÝVm‘² A{^‘Ý`‘mZmo {ZË`Xm AZwñ yV…gEd VXmZr‘{n ‘wŠVmhÝVmo A{df`… Ho$dbmZw dê$n… BXmZt ñdkmZ‘mZZmV²VXmZr‘² Añnï>àH$me… ñd`‘od ñdê$noU àH$meVB{V ñd`åàH$me§ VËñdê$n§‘ÝVì`‘². {H$ÄM {ZÐm`m§ nañnem©Xm¡ ""‘m§ ñn¥e{V'' BË`m{XkmZm^mdmV² ZXohmÜ`mg…, ""ní`m{‘-gL²H$ën`m{‘-íd{g{‘'' BË`m{X AZwì`dgm`m^mdmV²

213 214

Z BpÝÐ`àmU‘ZmoÜ`mg…. AV… na‘² Ah§H$mamÜ`mgmo Ad{eî`Vo. gmo@{n MoV²""Zmh‘² Amg‘²'' B{V ñ‘aUo A^md{df`ËdoZ ^mV… VXm gwfwßVm¡ Ho$dbmo Ðï>¡d{d{ZÐmo Ad{eî`Vo. ZM ñ‘aUmZwamoYmV² VXmZr‘² Ah‘Ü`mgmn{Îm…, ñ‘aUñ`{deofàË``ËdoZ {deofmZwJ«hOÝ`ËdmV² ""gmo@ § XodXÎm… Hw$ÊS>br'' B{V àË``dV².ApñVËdgmYZà`moJñVw : gwfwßË wÎmaH$mbrZ§ ""Z {H$pÄMX² Ado{Xf‘²'' BË`mÚmH$maH§$ñ‘aU‘² AZw dnyd©H§$ ñ‘aUËdmX², Xod§ VXod§ ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d‘²-CŠVñ‘aUOZH$mo@Zw d…AmË‘m{^ÝZmo A{df`ËdmX² `ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d‘²'' BË od‘² AZw‘mZmä`m§ {dbjUmZw doVñ` AmË‘m oXoM {gÕo AmË‘mpñVËd‘² AZwŠË ¡d {gÕ§ ko ‘².

`Îmw *gwfwßVm¡ gwI‘² AmË‘m dm Z àH$meVo A^mg‘mZñ`M ì`dhma‘mÌoUàH$meZ§ Z dŠVw§ eŠ`‘². {H$ÄM gwîdmnmX² CpËWVm… H$m‘wH$m… Ampíbï>m§ H$m{‘Zr‘²A~wÕ‰m {Z{d©ÚÝVo ""‘`m ‘¥VdV² e{`V§ H$m{‘Zt {dZm d¥W¡d `m{‘Zr JVm''BË`m{X. `{X gwfwßVm¡ ñdënmo@{n na‘mZÝXmo AZw yV… ñ`mV² {Zd}Xmo Z AdH$ënoV.gwI{dñ‘aUmV² {Zd}X… MoV² ""gwI‘² Añdmßg‘²'' B{V ì`dhmamo Z wÁ oV. AV…gwfwßË wpËWVñ` gwfwßVm¡ AdJV§ {H$pÄMX{n Xw…I‘² Añ‘aV… ñ‘aUmZwËnÎ ¡d""gwfwßË`dñWm`m§ Z ‘o Xw…I‘² AmgrV²'' B{V AdJå` VÌ¡d Xw…Im^mdo JwUd¥Î`mgwIì`dhma…. ""AmË‘mZ‘{n A~wÕ‰m e{`Vmo Apñ‘'' B{V ì`dhmamV² M ZAmË‘m{n (VÌ) ñd § àH$meVo (em.Xr.1&1&5)* B{V emñÌXr{nH$mH$mam….

VX² A{dMmaMmé. VWm{h ""gwI‘² Ah‘² Añdmßg‘²'' B{V ñ‘aUoñdßZ{H«$`m{deofUËdoZ ñ‘ ©‘mUñ` gwIñ` gwfwpßVg‘mZH$mbrZËd‘od JmoMar{H«$`Vo.VÀM gwI§ "gËgånÎ`m' B{V lwË`m (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&9&2) Adgr`Vo. AVmo ZA`§ Jm¡Ê`m ì`dhma…, H$m‘wH${Zd}XñVw ~mh²`gwIm^mdmXod AdH$ën‘mZmo ZVÌË`gwI~mYH$B{V. AmË‘m~moYkmZÝVw {df`ËdoZ AmË‘~moYm^md{df`H${‘{VZ ñdàH$meVm§ ~mYVo. AÝ`Wm gwImË‘mZmd{n Z ñ‘ } mVm‘². AZw d‘ÝVaoUñ‘aUm`moJmX² B{V CŠV‘². *ZZw ñ‘aUñ` ñdgOmVr`mZw d-OÝ`Ëd-{Z`‘mZwamoYmX²{df`ËdoZ¡d Efm§ ^mZ‘² A“rH$m ©‘². VÀM AWm©ÝVaVmnmXH§$ àË`j{damo{Y M.{Z{d©f`ÝVw kmZ§ Z Šdm{n {gÕ‘² AVmo Z BX§ wŠV‘²* B{V MoV², Z, VÎmm`mBdBXmZt g{df`Ëdñ` ñ’y$Vm©d{n VXmZt {Z{d©f`Ëdñ` A~mYmX², CŠV{Z`‘ñ` MAà`moOH$ËdmV². AÝ`Wm VÎmm`m‘² AVrVËdñ`M Añ’w$aUmnÎmo…. {Z{d©f`Ëdñ`M

OÝ`kmZEd ~mYH$ËdoZ AmË‘ê$nmOÝ`kmZm~mYH$ËdmV². AVmo Z MmoÚmdga….AVEd lw{Va{n ""AÌ AmË‘m ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V ©d{V''{Q>.1. (~¥h.Cn.4&3&9) B{VAmh B{V {XH²$.

(J)Ed§ Vñ` Ho$dbËdo {gÕo `… Vpñ‘Z² H$V¥©Ëdm{XZm gJwUËdàË``… gg¥ï²>çZwHy$b^Jd{XÀN>`m àH¥$Ë`mÚ{ddoH$H¥$V…, gy ©ñ od aŠVmXem©Xm¡ aŠVàË``mo,AVEd M ‘ w pŠV`m o ½`Ëd‘ ². AÝ`Wm ~ÝYñ` ñdm^m{dH$ËdmnÎmm ¡‘m ojemñÌd ¡`Ï`m ©nÎm o …, ñdm^m{dH$ñ` Zmem`m oJmV ² àd ¥ {Îm {dKmV oAZZwð > mZbjUmàm‘mÊ`mnÎm o … M. ñd^mdZmem“rH$ma oM X w ½Ym{XdV²ñdê$nZmeàg“mX² A{ZË`VmnÎmoíM. ZM *ewŠbnQ>Ý`m oZ ñd^mdZmem“"rH$maoñdê$nZmem^mdmX² AXmof…* B{V dmÀ §, VÌ ñd^mdmZmemV² jmbZm{XZm nwZ…CX² dXe©ZmX² A{^^d‘mÌna§, VWm g{V nwZ… ~ÝYmnÎmm¡ ""Z g nwZamdV©Vo''(N>mÝXmo.Cn.8&15&1) BË`m{Xlw{V{damoYmn{Îm…. V{XX§ ö{X H¥$Ëdm V¥Vr § bjU‘².

gmo@ § Z ZmZm {H$ÝVw EH$Ed gd©Ì ""Ah‘mË‘m JwS>mHo$e gd© yVme`mpñWV…''(^J.JrVm.10&20) B{V dmŠ`mV², ""àH¥$qV nwéf§ M¡d {dÕçZmXr C^md{n''(^J.JrVm.13&19) B{V dmŠ`ñW`mo… EH$dMZmÝV`mo… nX`mo… ‘Üò EH$ñ`ì`pŠVnaËd‘² AÝ`ñ` Om{VnaËd‘² BË`Ì {d{ZJ‘H$m^mdmV² M, ""kmZ§ ËdÝ`V‘mo^md…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&24&4) B{V dmŠ`mV² M. ""H$mbd¥Ë`m Vw ‘m`m`m§JwU‘æ`m‘YmojO… nwéfoUmË‘ yVoZ dr ©‘mYÎm dr ©dmZ²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&5&26)B{V àH¥$Vm¡

1. ""AÌm § nwéf… ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V…'' B{V Cnbä`‘mZ… nmR>…(í`m).dr`m©YmZ‘mÌmW©‘od H$aUËdoZ¡d Vñ` AnojUmV² M. gm§»`mÝVaoVw A`‘od

"B©ída' B{V CÀ`Vo ""nwéfoída`moaÌ Z d¡bjÊ`‘Êd{n VXÝ`H$ënZm@nmWm©''(^mJ.nwam.11&22&11) B{V nÄMqde{V VËdmonnmXZo EH$mXeo ^JdX²dMZmV².{MÐÿnËdoZ nwéfoída`mo… Ad¡bjÊ`mV². VX² Cnm{XV§ V¥Vr`(3&26&9)gw~mo{YÝ`m§lr‘XmMm`£…, VWm{h, nwéfñVw EH$Ed ""nwéfoída`moaÌ Z d¡bjÊ`‘Êd{nVXÝ`H$ënZm@nmWm©'' (^mJ.nwam.11&22&11) B{V. AVmo Ordoídam¡ AdñWm oXoZ¡d

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{^ÝZm¡ Z ñdVB{V `Xod nwéfbjU§ VXod OrdbjU‘². àH¥${Va{n `{X EH$m ^doX²AdñWm Z {^ÚoV, AV… àH¥${VÛ`§ ‘ÝVì`‘². VÌ¡H$m ì`m‘mo{hH$m {ÛVr`mVw‘ybàH¥${V… `Xm ^J{XÀN>`m nydm©‘² A{^‘Ý`Vo VXm BÀN>mì`mnma^yV¡…‘mohH$àH¥${VJwU¡… ~Õmo derH¥$Vmo OrdmdñWm§ àmßZmo{V. `XmVw ‘ybàH¥$qV VXmñdê$npñWVEd OJËH$maU§ ^d{V. àXoe oXoZ dm Vo C o nwéfg“Vo `Wm AmH$meoŠd{MX² J«hm{X… Šd{MV² Z, VX²dV².

OrdmZm§ ñdVEd n¥WŠËdo lw{V-ñ‘¥{V-{damoY… AmnÚoV. ànÄMñ`{‘Ï`mËdo@{n emñÌ{damoYmo, A{Z‘m}j…, EH$‘wŠVm¡ gd©‘wpŠV…, A{dídmg… Mñ`mV². AV… C^ § `Wm CnnÚVo VWm ‘ybnwéf… àH¥${VÛ § J¥†m{V B{V ‘ÝVì`‘²B{V. àH¥$VoVw A § Ûma yVEd ^JdX§e…. B©ídañVw ^JdmZ² ñd`‘od ""CÎm‘…nwéfñËdÝ`…'' (^J.JrVm.15&17) B{V dmŠ`mV². VËñdê$nÝVw emñÌmW©àH$aUo{Z~ÝYEd ànpÄMV{‘{V Z AÌ CÀ`Vo. OrdñVw nwéfVÎdmX² {^ÝZEd ""EH$ñ ¡d‘‘m§eñ`'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&4) B{V ""‘‘¡dm§emo OrdbmoHo$ Ord yV… gZmVZ…''(^J.JrVm.15&7) B{V ^JdX²dmŠ`mV²; naÝVw, {MÐÿnËdoZ VËgmOr`… nwéfñ ¡dA§emo dm ""ja… gdm©{U yVm{Z'' (^J.JrVm.15&16) B{V dmŠ`mV², ""EH$ñ`’$bËd‘ ²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&87) BË`Z oZ AmMm` £ …’$bËdm“rH$mamV²{Q>.1àW‘ñH$ÝYonm. o.9 ""Vñ ¡d hoVmo… à`VoV H$mo{dX…''

1. ZZw Ho$dbmZm§ OS>mZm§ VÎdmZm§ MoVZ§ {dZm AÝV`m©{‘àoaUÄM {dZmH$m ©OZZmgm‘Ï ©H$WZmV² V`moa{n {Z{‘ÎmËd‘² AñVr{V H$W‘² AH$maUËd‘² B{VAmH$m¬m`m§ V`mo… ‘Ü o EH$ñ` {MX§eñ` ’$bËd‘² Anañ` AmZÝXm§eñ` ñdê$nËd‘²AVmo Z ñdê$noU {Z{‘ÎmËd‘²... AÌ {MX§eñ` ’$bËd§ ‘mÝÌd{U©H$gyÌ^mî o{dkmZ‘`ñ` {d{dY`mJm{XgmYZ’$bËdoZ {dd¥VËdmV² ñdê$nmdñWmZñ` ‘wpŠVËdmV²M AmZÝXm§eñ` ñdê$nËdÝVw AÝV`m©{‘{U ~«÷Y‘m©Um‘² A{Vamo{hVËdmX²kmVì`‘².(V.Xr.{Z.Am.2&87)(í`m).

(^mJ.nwam.1&5&18) BË`ñ` gw~mo{YÝ`m‘{n nwéfm§eËdmoŠVo…, ""Ëd‘²AmË‘ZmË‘mZ‘² Ado{h'' (^mJ.nwam.1&5&21) BË`Ì Ajam§e-nwéfm§eôXoZ{Û{dYOrdm“rH$mamV² M. Ed‘{n JdX§eËdm{damoYmV² M C^`Wm{n ñdê$nbjUo

H$mo@{nZ {deof…. VoZ gwfwßË`m{Xgm{jËdoZ OrdmË‘{gÕç¡d ‘ybnwéfñ`m{n {g{Õ…AàË`yhm.

H$m{nbmñVw *""Aì`ŠV‘hXh§H$mamX`… namWm©… g§KmVËdmV² n ©L²H$mgZm{XdV²,g§KmVm… {ÌJwUmË‘H$ËdmX² A{ddo{H$ËdmX² {df`ËdmV² gm‘mÝ`ËdmX² AMoVZËdmV²àgdY{‘©ËdmX²'' ( ) B{V fS²>{^… hoVw{^… g§KmVËd§ VoZM namW©Ëd‘² Aì`ŠVmXrZm§gmY{`Ëdm, `XWm©… EVo g na… nwéfmo ApñV. gM nydm}ŠVoä`mo Aì`ŠVm{Xä`mo{dnarV… VX²{^ÝZ… M.

VWm{h-(1)nwéfmo AnamWm} Ag§KmVËdmV².(2)Ag§KmVmo A{ÌJwUËdmX² {ddo{H$ËdmX² A{df`ËdmX²Agm‘mÝ`ËdmV² MoVZËdmX² AàgdY{‘©ËdmV² M, `ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d‘²(3)A{ÌJwU… namZ{Yð>r`‘mZËdmV², `ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d§ aWm{XdV²(4)ì`ŠVmì`ŠV{^ÝZmo ^moŠV¥ËdmV² H¡$dë`mWª àdV©‘mZËdmV² M

`ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d§ ì`ŠVmì`ŠVdV².

`Ú{n g§KmV{b“H$mZw‘mZo Ñï>mÝVñ` n ©L²H$mXo… g§KmVmÝVamW©Ëd‘od Ñï>{‘{VXmï>m©pÝVHo$@{n Aì`ŠVmXm¡ g§KmVmÝVamW©ËdmnÎ`m nwéfñ`m{n g§KmVËdmn{Îm[a{VAWm©ÝVaVm AmnV{V, VWm{n AZdñWmn{Îm{^`m njo Ñï>mÝVr`meofY‘m©nÎ`mAZw‘mZ‘mÌmoÀN>oXàg“oZ M Ag§KmVê$nñ ¡d nwéfñ` VoZm{n {g{Õ…. Ed§ {gÕ…nwéf… àH$meñdê$nEd ZVw OÝ`kmZdmZ², “Ag“'(~¥h.Cn.4&3&15)lwVo…. AÝ`Wmn[aUm{‘ËdmnÎmo… A{Z‘m}jàgŠVo… M gwfwßË`mÚgm{jVmnÎmo… M. gM ì`mnH$mo{ZË`… à{Veara § {^ÝZ… M. `Wm Amh þ … ""g §KmVnamW ©ËdmV ²{ÌJwUm{X{dn`©`mX{Yð>mZmV² nwéfmo@pñV ^moŠV¥^mdmV² H¡$dë`mWª àd¥ÎmoíMOÝ‘‘aUH$maUmZm§ à{V{Z`‘mX² wJnËàd¥ÎmoíM nwéf~hþËd§ {gÕ§ Ì¡JwÊ`{dn © mÀM¡d''(gm§.H$m[a.17-18) B{V. Vofw àH¥$Vm¡ ‘hÎmÎdo dm à{V{~på~Vmo `… g gd©{dÎd§gd©H$V¥©Ëd§ M AmË‘{Z A{^‘Ý`‘mZ… "B©ída…' B{V CÀ`Vo aOñV‘moä`m‘² CnaŠVo

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AY‘m©{X wŠVo ‘hÎmÎdmXm¡ VmÑeo ‘hÎmÎdo dm à{V{~på~V… M "OrdmË‘m' B{VCÀ`Vo* B{V Amhþ….

nmVÄObmñVw *A{dÚm@pñ‘VmamJÛofm{^{Zdoem»`¡… nÄM{^… Šboe¡…{d{hV-à{V{fÕ-ì`m{‘l-ê$n¡… {Ì{dY¡… H$‘©{^…, OmË`m w m}JmË‘H¡$… {dnmH$m» ¡…{Ì{^… H$‘©’$b¡…, Ame`m» ¡… g§ñH$ma¡… M {Ìîd{n H$mbofw Ag§ñn¥îQ>… nwéfmÝVaoä`mo{d{eîQ>… ñdVEd gH$bOJXwÕaUj‘… nwéf… B©ída…. gM AZw‘mZmJ‘mä`m§{gÜ`{V.

VWm{h : AVrVmZmJVkËd§ Šd{MV² {Za{Ve`Ëdê$nm§ H$mîR>m§ àmßV§,gm{Ve`Y‘©ËdmV² ‘hËdmënËdm{XdV².

`ÌM BX§ {Za{Ve`Vm§ àmßV§ g B©ída… B{V gm‘mÝ`V… VpËgÕm¡ {deofUVËñdê$n‘² AmJ‘mX² AdJå`Vo, gEd M {Z‘m©UmWª H$m`‘² A{YîR>m` ~«÷m{Xä`modoXm{X Cn{Xe{V ñ`-`ñ` X²-`X² BîQ>§ VV²-VV² Voä`mo XÎdm ""gdm©Z² g§gm[aU…CÕ[aî`m{‘'' B{V AÜ`dgmòZ àH¥${Vnwéf-g§`moJ{d`moJm¡ M H$amo{V. ZMjoÌkm{YîR>mZoZ VËg§ moJ{g{Õ…, Vofm§ àH¥${Vñdê$nmZ{^kËdoZ VËH¥$Vm{YîR>mZñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV². ZM *dËgmWª jrañ od ñdV… àH¥$Vo… g§ moJmWª àd¥{Îm…* B{VdmÀ §, VWm{n MoVZmZ{YpîR>Vñ` jrañ` Aàd¥{Îm[a{V ÑîQ>mÝV~boZm{n A{YîR>mVw…{gÕm¡ joÌkmZm‘² A`mo½`ËdmX² B©ída§ {dZm VX{gÕo…. EVoZ¡d H¥$frdb-H¥$V-YmÝ`mamon-ÑîQ>mÝVmo@{n XÎmmoÎma…, H$mbmÑîQ>mXrZm‘² CÎma^m{dËdmV², V¡…ñdnyd©H$mbrZg§ moJmgå^dmV². AVmo AÝ`nwéf{dbjUEd JdmZ² B©ída…. Vñ`MVWm{dY‘ ² E oíd` ©‘ ² AZm{X-{Za{Ve`-gd©kmZ-g‘mZm{YH$aUmX ²AZm{Xgå~ÕgËdmoËH$ fm©V². Vñ` M gËdñ` AZm{X… Ho$dbgmpËdH$Ed CËH$f©dmZ²n[aUm‘… B©ída^mo½`V`m ì`dpñWV…. AÝ`àm{UZm§ {MÎm§ `Wm gwIXw…I‘mohmË‘Zmn[aU‘Z² {Z‘©bo gmpËdHo$ Y‘m©Ë‘à» o à{Vg§H«$mÝV-{MËà{V{~å~ñ` g§doÚ§ d{VZ Ed‘² B©ídañ`. AVEd M Z ‘wŠVmË‘Zm§ VÎmwë`Ëd§, Vofm§ nydª pŠbîQ>ËdmX²,AZoHo$fm‘² B©ídaËdo {^ÝZm{^àm`ËdoZ H$m`m©ZwËn{Îmàg“mV² M-B{V ^JdmZ² B©ídamoA{V[aŠVEd B{V.

g§gm[aUñVw {ZË`mo{XV{MÀN>pŠVê$nm… ñdgpÝZ{hVo gËdo à{Vg§H«$mÝVm… gËdJV§M¡VÝ`‘² A{^ì`ÄOpÝV. AVEd Apñ‘Z² Xe©Zo Ûo {MÀN>ŠVr : (1){ZË`mo{XVm(2)A{^ì §½`m M B{V. VÌ A{^ì §½`mYma yV§ gËd‘² Am‘mojàmßVo… ^mo½ § ^d{V.VXod ^mo½ § gËd§ gm§» ¡… gwIXw…I^moŠV¥V`m "H$‘m©Ë‘m' B{V CÀ`Vo. ^moJñVwgwIXw…I‘mohmË‘H${MÎmñ` BpÝÐ`{df``moJmX² {df`mH$maoU n[aUVñ` nydm}ŠVogÎdo ñdmH$mag‘n©UmX² d{V B{V Ordoídaì`dñWm‘²* Amhþ…. eofÝVw gm§»`dXodB{V.

^mÅ>mñVw *àmUZm{X{b“¡… gwIm{X{^… kmZoZ M AmË‘mZ§ earam{X{^ÝZËdoZgmY`pÝV.

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VÕ oV w^ yV… à`ËZ… g wImX`m o kmZ § M Z earaY‘m © …,A`mdÀN>ara^m{dËdmV².

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EVoZ XohmË‘dm{XZ… Mmdm©H$m {ZañVm….

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{H$ÄM gd©Ed {deofJwUm… H$maUo dV©‘mZmEd H$m ©Ðì`JwUVm§ ÔÝVo ZVwAdV©‘mZm… earamaå^Ho$fwM na‘mUwfw Z M¡VÝ`‘² ApñV, VV… H$W§ M¡VÝ`ñèaraJwUVm ñ`mV²? Vñ‘mX² AÝ`… MoVZ… B{V.

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ZM *nwÄO¡H$Ëd‘od VÌ mgVo* B{V dmÀ §, nwÄOKQ>H$mZm§ MoVZËdoZ ~hþËdm^mZo{Z`m‘H$m^mdmX² B{V AÝ`Ì {dñVa….

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1. ~w{Õ… na‘mUwnwÄOY‘©… nwÄOo àVr‘mZËdmX² `Xod§ VXod§ nXepŠVdX² B{V(H$).

g§g¥ï>`mo… EH$ËdàVr{V… gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`-{Z~ÝYZËdmX² «mÝV¡d CîU-Vmo -VßVm`…{nÊS>-àVr{VdV². AÝ`Wm ""‘‘ eara‘²'' B{V ì`{VaoH$~w{Õ… Zñ`mV².`Ú{n ""‘‘ Ord…''-""Ah§ JÀN>m{‘'' BË`mXm¡ d¡narË`‘{n ^mgVo, VWm{nlwVmWm©nÎ`m lwË`m M {ZU© …. VWm{h "ñdJ©H$m‘m'{X(Amn.lm¡.gy.10&2&1)lwV`mo{hearam{V[aŠV§ nabmoH$-’$bmon^moJ-`mo½ § H$Vm©a‘² AÝVaoU AZwnnÚ‘mZm… V‘²Am{jnpÝV. Vm{^íM Am{jßV§ gmjmXod Cn{ZfX… g‘n© pÝV ""A{dZmer dmAao A`‘² AmË‘m AZwpÀN>{ÎmY‘m©'' (~¥h.Cn.4&5&14) B{V Vñ‘mV²‘mZgàË`jê$nm“@h§'àË``-Jå`mo kmVm. ZM *earamXm{dd AmË‘mÝ`{n"Ah§'àË``mo «mÝV…* B{V dmÀ §, ~mYm^mdmV². Zm{n `mo{JZm§ ~mY…, Vofm‘{n

AmË‘{Z "Ah§'{d{Îm-doÚËd-ì`dhma-Xe©ZmV². AVEd ""Ah§ H¥$ËñZñ` OJV…à^d… àb`ñVWm'' (^J.JrVm.7&6) ""`ñ‘mV ² ja‘VrVm o@h § ''(^J.JrVm.15&18) ""‘‘ mo{Z‘©hX² ~«÷'' (^J.JrVm.14&3) Ed‘mXm¡ "Ah§'eãX…napñ‘Z² nwéfo Y«wd‘². Z{h ‘hX²{dH$mamo Ah§H$ma…, H¥$ËñZñ` OJV… à^d…, Zm{njamjamä`m‘ ² CÎm‘…, Zm{n "~ «÷'eãXdmÀ` o àYmZ o J^ ª XYm{V,nwéfgånH©$H¥$VËdmV² àH¥${Vjmo ñ`. Cn{ZfËñd{n ""~«÷ dm BX‘² AJ« AmgrX²''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&10) B{V CnH«$å` nR²>çVo ""VX² AmË‘mZ‘od AdoX Ah§ ~«÷mpñ‘''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&10) B{V. ‘ÝÌdU}@{n ""‘Zw… A^d‘² Ah§ gy`©íM''(~¥h.Cn.1&4&10) B{V. AVmo A «mÝVm“@h§'{d{ÎmdoÚmo kmVm mo{JZm§ ‘mZgàË`j….{Z‘w©ŠVmh§H$ma-‘‘H$ma-dMZÝVw g§g¥ï>mh§‘{V-{Z‘w©pŠV-na‘². AVEd km{ZZm§ Z{nV¥nwÌËdmÚh§H$mamo Zm{n Vofw ‘‘H$ma… B{V wÁ`Vo.

BpÝÐ`mX² oXñVw ""`mo Ah‘² AÐmj§ gmo Ah§ ñn¥em{‘-`mo Ah‘² Añn¥e§ gmoAh§ e¥Umo{‘ ñ‘am{‘'' B{V gd©Ì kmVw… EH$ñ` àË`{^kmZmXod {gÕ….

‘ZñV w Z kmV ¥ , àË`j{gÕñ` kmV w … ê$nm {XkmZmZm §ñdì`{V[aŠVH$maUmYrZËdmV². gwIm{XkmZofw H$aUËdZ¡d Vñ` H$pënVËdmV².

Vñ‘mV² earaopÝÐ`mÝV…H$aUm{V[aŠVEd OÝ`kmZgwImÚmYmamo ‘mZgàË` j…AmË‘m. gM ZmZ¡d, ì`dñWmgm‘ÄOñ`mV².

B©ídaËdÝVw H$‘©Um‘od. `{X H$píMX² ApñV VXm gmo@{n H$‘© {dZm’$bmgå^dmV² VXYrZ… ’$bg‘n©H$mo AñVw* B{V Amhþ….

àm^mH$amñVw *gdm©gw AW©{d{Îmfw VmdX² doÎmm ^mgVo. AÝ`Wm H$ñ`{MV²gd©Y‘©ñ’y${Îm©… BVañ` Z B{V A{Ve`mo Z ñ`mV². ZM H$aMaUm{X-gpÝZdoe-{d{eï>ñ` VXm ^mZ‘² ApñV. AVmo ApñV à{Veara§ earamX² {^ÝZ… AmË‘m. gMñdàH$meg§{dXml`mo AUw… M* B{V Amhþ…. eofÝVw ^mÅ>dX² B{V.

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Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *""`mo Ah‘² AÐmj§ gmo Ah‘² AYwZm ñn¥em{‘'' B{V àË``mX²,AZw dg§ñH$mañ‘¥VrZm§ gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ oZ H$m ©H$maU^mdmV² M. AmË‘Z… pñWaËd§,OmV‘mÌ~mbñ` ñVZnmZmXm¡ àd¥{ÎmXe©ZmV². Vñ`míM nydm©Zw^yV-jwpÝZd¥{Îm-H$maUmZw^d-OÝ`-ñ‘¥qV {dZm AZwnnÎ`m Vñ` AmË‘Z… nydm©naOÝ‘r`-earamdpÀN>ÝZñ` nydm}ŠV wŠË ¡d EoŠ`‘². VoZM AZm{XËd‘². AZm{X^mdËdoZM{dam‘mà{V`mo{JËd‘². AVíM {ZË`Ëd{g{Õ…. {H$ÄM nyd©earam{X{dam‘mZÝVa‘{nearamÝVao `… gwIXw…ImÚZw^d… g nyd©earaH¥$V-nwÊ`nmn-’$br^yVËdoZlw{VnwamUmZw‘mZ-à{g{Õ-à{‘Vmo ApñV. gM Z AÝ`H¥$VnwÊ`nmnm{XZm gå^d{V.VWm g{V H ¥ $Vñ` {Zî’$bËd oZ AH ¥ $Vñ` AH$ñ‘mV ² ’ $bdÎd oZH¥$VhmÝ`H¥$Vmä`mJ‘m{X-XmofmnÎm o…. J`mlmÕ-OmVo{ï>-Á`mo{Vï>m o‘mXm¡VwnwÌ{nËQ¥>pËdŠH¥$V-H$‘©Um {nV¥nwÌÒ‘mZmZm§ `m ’$b{g{Õ… gmVw lw{V {deofê$n-{Z{‘Îm-~bm{X{V ’$bnm. o.10d¡ {YH$aÊ o@{n Z Xmof…. AV… earaopÝÐ`-ì`{V[aŠV…AmË‘m. Ed§ ‘Zgmo@{n ì`{V[aŠV… AmË‘m. AÝ`Wm kmZoÀN>mXrZm‘²AVrpÝÐ`ËdmnÎmo…, AUwJwUmZm‘² AVrpÝÐ`ËdmV², ‘Zg… M AUwËdmV², {d wËdoVwnwarVX²-{hVm{X-g§ moJñ` gmd©{XH$ËdmX² OmJ«XmÚdñWm-ì`dñWmZwnn{Îm…. EdÄMVñ` BVa{^ÝZñ` AmË‘Zmo AUwËdo wJnV²-nmX-{ea…-à ¥{Vfw gwIXw…ImÚZw dmoZ ñ`mV². *(ZZw) A`m¡JnÚo@{n A{Ve¡¿a²çmX² `m¡JnÚ^«‘…* B{V MoV², Z,AUwËdgmYH$à‘mUm^mdmV². ""Efmo@Uw… AmË‘m'' (‘wÊS>.Cn.3&1&9) BË`mXrZm§lwVrZmÝVw Xwk} Ëdm{^àm`H$ËdmV². Zm{n AÜ`mË‘ndZ… earam{dpÀN>ÝZM¡VÝ`ê$nmodm AmË‘m, VWm g{V ‘Ü`n[a‘mUdÎdoZ A{ZË`VmnÎmo…. ZM Bï>mn{Îm…, nyd©‘²A{ZË`Vm`m… {ZañVËdmX²; AVEd M, Z g§H$moM{dH$mgem{b-n[a‘mUdÎd‘².AV… jnUH${XJå~am{X‘V§ H$X`©‘od gmd`dËdmnÎm oíM. EVoZ ¡d MZmZmn[a‘mUdÎd‘{n AnmñV‘². AV… nm[aeoî`mV² Vñ` {d wËd{g{Õ….

{H$ÄM XoemÝVao `X² Ðì`‘² Añ‘X² moJm` CËnÚVo VÌ Añ‘XÑï>§ H$maUËdoZdŠVì`‘². AV… CËn{ÎmXoeo AÑï>dXmË‘g§ moJ… H$maU§ dV©Vo AVmo@{n {d wËd{g{Õ….gM OrdmË‘na‘mË‘ oXmX² ÛoYm. VÌ B©ídañVw H$m ©Ëdm{X{b"H$mZw‘mZ¡… {gÕmo{ZË`-kmZ-{MH$sfm©-H¥${V-‘mZ² EH$Ed. OrdmË‘mVw à{Veara§ ear[a{^… ""Ah§OmZm{‘ BÀN>m{‘ H$amo{‘ gwIr'' BË`m{XàVrVm¡ VÎmÀN>aramÚdpÀN>ÝZgwIm{Xd¡{eï²>çoZ

AhÝV`m àVrVmo ~w{Õ-gwI-Xw…IoÀN>m-Ûof-`ËZ-Y‘m©Y‘©-g§ñH$ma-n[a‘mU-n¥WŠËd-g§»`m-g§- `moJ-{d^mJm»`-MVwX©e-JwUdmZ² ZmZ¡d* B{V Amhþ….

d¡eo{fH$mA{n Ed‘od Amhþ…. VÌ VmdV² nydm}ŠVnjofw VZw ¥Vm§ ì`mnH$Ëd§ ñdVmo ZmZmËd§ M `X² CŠV§ VV²

Z g“ÀN>Vo, ""gdm Ef ‘hmZO AmË‘m `mo@`§ {dkmZ‘`… àmUofw''(~¥h.Cn.4&4&22) BË`m{X lw{VñVw Vñ` ^JdÎdm{^àm`m ‘wŠVmZm§ VWmËdñ’y$V}…M, ""`wŠV§ ^J¡… ñd¡[aVaÌMmY«wd¡…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&9&16) B{V dmŠ`mX²Eoíd`m©XrZm{‘d VXmZt ì`mnH$Ëdñ`m{n Am{d^m©dH$WZo@{n ~mYH$m^mdmX²,~«÷^mdo OmVo {déÕY‘m©l`Ëdm“rH$mao@{n Xmofm^mdmV² M. ZM ‘wŠVmZm§{Z`å`ËdmZwnn{Îm…, JdVmo ""‘wŠVmong¥ß`Ëd''(~«.gy.1&3&2)H$WZmV². ""MVw{d©YmÔÝVo ‘m‘²'' (^J.JrVm.7&16) BË`Ì km{ZZmo@{n ÔZldUmV² M B{V AÝ`Ì{dñVa…. EVoZ¡d ñdVmo ZmZmËd‘{n {ZañV§ ~moÜ`‘². {deofVñVw gdª à w{^…A{damoYV¥Vr`MaU^mî o emñÌmW©{Z~ÝYo {dÛÝ‘ÊS>ZmXm¡ M ànpÄMV§, H$V¥©Ëd§ MOrdñ` emñÌmW©dÎdm{YH$aUo (~«.gy.2&3&13). VÀM ^JdËH¥$V‘² B{V ""namÎmwVÀN®>Vo…'' (~«.gy.2&3&14) B{V A{YH$aUo, A§eËd§ M ZmZmì`nXoem{YH$aUo(~«.gy.2&3&15) ñWm{nV{‘{V {XL²>‘mÌ‘² AÌ CŠV‘².

B©ídañVw A“rH$m ©Ed, AÝ`Wm ^moJ{Z`‘mZwnnÎmo…. {H$ÄM H$‘© Hw$dm©Um…’$b§ àmßZwdpÝV B{V lw{V~bmX² Adgr`Vo, XmVmaÝVw Z ní`pÝV, AÝ`mYrZoM’$bonm.ô.11 Adí`§ XmVw… Anojm. gmjmX² AOÝ`’$bofw amO{^{Îm{Z‘m©Um{XfwOrU©Hy$nmam‘m{Xfw M VWmXe©ZmV². `mJíM ñdJª, nmH$… AmoXZ{‘d, Z gmjmV²gmY`{V, oZ B©ídamnojm Z ñ`mV². ñdJ©íM ~«÷mÊS>m{YnË`YrZmo bmoH$mË‘H$ËdmV².gwIgmYZmÝ`{n VXYrZm{Z. AÝ`Wm H¥$Vo `mJo Anyd} {ZînÝZo VXmZr‘od ñdJm}^doV ², à{V~ÝYñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV². Ñï>mWm ©nÎ`mnm.ô.12 EVÔohmX o…à{V~ÝYH$ËdH$ënZo@{n {d{ZJ‘Zm{dahmX² B©ídaEd A“rH$m ©…. VWm g{V VoZ¡dEHo$Z ‘hmamOdV² ’$b{Z`‘{gÕm¡ à{V{Z`VH$‘©Um‘² AZoH$mZm‘² B©ídaËdm“rH$mamoAZoH$à{V~ÝYH$m“rH$ma… M ì`W©Ed, H$ënZmJm¡admX² Aàm‘m{UH$ËdmV² M B{VAÝ`Ì {dñVa…. ZM Vñ` H$‘m©YrZËd§ àË wV H$‘©Um‘od VXYrZËd§, ""Ef C Ed

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gmYw H$‘© H$ma`{V'' (H$m¡fr.Cn.3&8) BË`m{XlwVo…. àH¥${Vnwéfg§`moJmW©‘{nAdí`‘² A“rH$m ©…. ZM AZmÚÑï>oZ VXwnn{Îm…, ""àH¥${Vnwéfì`{V[aŠV§ gdªgm{X'' B{V {gÕmÝVì`mH$monmV² AZm{X^mdñ` àH¥${VdX² Üd§gmà{V`mo{JËdmV²‘mojmoÀN>oXàg“mV² M. àdmhmZm{XËdoM AÑï>oZ g§`moJ…, g§`moJoZ A{ddoH$mV²H$V ¥ © Ëdm{^‘mZ oZ H$‘ ©H$aU o AÑï > {‘{V MH « $H$ mnÎm o …. ì`pŠV^ oX oV wAZÝVg§ moJH$ënZmnÎmo…. ZM *J ©XmgdX² AZ{^gÝYm ¡d ñd^mdmV² àH¥${Vàd¥{Îm…ZV©H$sdV² Hw$bdYydV² M Mm[aVmÏ`m©X² Ñï>XmofËdmV² M {Zd¥{Îm[a{V Z Xmof…* B{VwŠV§, ‘mojo ñd^mdZmeo àH¥${VZmeàg“mV². ZM AñVw VX§eoZ Zme…, C^`mo…

ì`mnH$ËdoZ EH$Xoeg§`moJñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV². gd©g§`moJo dŠVìò ‘wŠVm¡MVÝZmeo gd©ñ`mEd Zmeàg“mV², A{ZË`VmàgŠVo… M. VWm g{V EH$‘wŠVm¡gd©‘wŠË`m{XàgŠVo… M. AMoVZËdoZ ñdV… Mm[aVmÏ`©-Ñï>XmofËdm{X-kmZñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV² M. MoVZm{Yð>mZoZ VËgmYZoVw joÌkm{Yð>mZñ` AeŠ`dMZËdmV²{gÕ§ VX{Yð>mÌm B©ídaoU B{V {XH²$.

gÝVmZ{dkmZdm{XZñVw *j{UH${dkmZgÝVmZEd AmË‘m. ZM *Aml`‘²AÝVaoU kmZoÀN>mgwIm{XH$‘² AZwnnÝZ‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘², Aml`mZwnbãÜ`m Vofm§ñdVÝÌËdm“rH$mamV²{Q>.1. ZM *Ah§àË``JåÈd Aml`…* B{V dmÀ §, kmZñ ¡d""Zrb‘² Ah§ OmZm{‘'' B{V {dn`©d{gVXe©Zñ` AÜ`dgm`mV²,{Q>.2

j{UH$kmZmÝ`mË‘gÎdo à‘mUm^mdmV². ZM àË`{^kmZwnn{Îm…, gÝVmZ¡Š`mXodCnnÎmo…, CnbãYw… ñ‘Vw©… M EoŠ`m^mdmV². EH$ñ` ñWmîUmo… nwéfñ` Šdm{nAZwnbå^mV². AV… jU^“xa§ kmZ‘od AmË‘m, ZVw VVmo AÝ`…* B{V Amhþ….

VX{n H$X ª, `Wm Amhþ… àmÄM… ""àË`{^km`Vo H$Vm© `… nydm©naH$mb`mo…,Vñ` ñWmîUmo… ñ’w$Q>mo oXmo {dkmZmV² jU^“xamX²'' (em.Xr.1&1&5) B{V. VWm{h{df`àË`{^km`m… ^doV² gÝVmZoZm{n {Zdm©hmo ZVw kmV¥àË`{^km`m…. ""`mo Ah§nyd©‘² AÐmj§ gmo Ah‘² AYwZm AZwní`m{‘'' BË`Ì kmVw… EH$ËdmdJ‘mV².{dkmZñ` j{UH$ñ` VXmZt {dZï>ËdoZ "Ah§'{d{ÎmJmoMañ` VXmZt dŠVw‘²AeŠ`ËdmV². gwfwßVm ¡ "Ah§'àË``gÝVmZñ` Zï>ËdoZ VV… CpËWVñ`kmV¥àË`{^kmZwnnÎmo… Xwdm©aËdmV²{Q>.3 Mo{V.

Ordñ` à{V{~å~ê$nVmVw emñÌmW©àH$aUo {dÛÝ‘ÊS>ZmXm¡ M {ZamH¥$VmOrdñdê$n§ M {dMm[aV{‘{V Z Bh ànÄM…. B{V nwéfmo {Zé{nV….

àH¥${Vñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² ; AW àH¥${V…. VëjUÝVw "àYmZ‘²' B{V. ^JdVm OJXwnmXmZËdoZ

1. ñdVEd CËnÎ`m {Zaml`Ëdm“rH$mamX² B{V AW©…(H$). 2. AVrVo ZrboVËgÎmm`m§ ‘mZm^mdmV² Vñ`M {dkmZmH$maËd§ ~mh² Ëdñ` M {dn ©d{gVXe©ZËd§VWm gwIrË`m{XkmZñ`m{n B{V AW©…(H$). 3. ZmZmnwéf¡[ad ZmZm{dkmZ¡a{n{df`monbå^ñ` eŠ`dMZËdmX² B{V AW©…(H$).

{Z{‘ ©V § ‘ w»` § ^JdÐ ÿn‘ ² B{V AW©…. Vñ`M fQ ² > bjUm{Z^JdÔÎmfS²>JwUdÎd~moYH$m{Z.

VX² CŠV§- ""`ÎmV² {ÌJwU‘² Aì`ŠV§ {ZË § gXgXmË‘H$‘²&àYmZ§{Q>.1 àH¥$qV àmhþa{deof§ {deofdX²&&''

(^mJ.nwam.3&26&10) B{V. VÌ "{ÌJwU‘²' B{V gmå`mdñWmonb{jVJwUÌ`mË‘H$‘².

H$m ©dmaUm` "gmå`mdñWmonb{jV...'B{V. `Wm gpÀMXmZÝX§ ~«÷,{H«$`mkmZmZÝXm… Y‘m©A{n dpÝV, VWm {ÌJwUmË‘H§$ àYmZ‘² CX²JVmñVwA§eVmo JwUmA{n dpÝV. VoZ Y‘©Y{‘© mdmo@{n Z AZwnnÝZ…. A`‘{nH$m{nbmX² {deof…. EVoZ {Ì{dYg¥{ï>H$aUmWª ^JdÔÎm‘² (1)Eoíd ©‘²CŠV‘². EVoM JwUm… "àOm o ...' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3, V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6)B{V BÀN>`m OKÝ`^md§ àmßVm…, gpÀMXmZÝXmZm‘² Am^mgm…, A§em…^JdV… CËnÝZm`m§ Vñ`m§ eŠVm¡ à{V{ð>Vm… Vñ`m… àYmZËd~moYH$m…."Aì`ŠV‘²' B{V Vñ` (2) dr ª, Z Ho$Zm{n H$mbm{XZm VX{^ì`ŠV§^d{V VWm g{V A{ZË`Vm`m§ nwZ… g¥{ï>… Z ñ`mV². "{ZË`‘²' B{V gXmEH$ê$n‘², (3) H$s{V©… Efm. àH¥$Ë`m gh¡d H$mbmX`mo@{n CËnÚÝVo{Vð>pÝV {dbr`ÝVo Mo{V Ì¡H$m{bH$m~mY{df`Ëdê$nñ` {ZË`Ëdñ` Z

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hm{Z…. "gXgXmË‘H$‘²' B{V (4) lr…, Vñ` Efm emo^m `V²H$m ©H$maUmË‘H$‘². "A{deof‘²' B{V (5) kmZhoVw…. AÝ`Wm g§gm[aUmo{ddoŠVw‘² Ag‘Wm©… Z ‘wŠVm… ñ w…. "{deofdX²' B{V (6) d¡am½`hoVw….gdm©Z² {deofmZ² àXí © nwZ… VyîUt {Vð>Vr{V.

1. `V² àYmZ§ VXod àH¥$qV àmhþ…. qH$ VV² àYmZ§? ñdVmo A{deofdX²{deofmUm‘² Aml`…(Am).

EVñ`m… ^JdX§eËdÄM à{VkmÑï>mÝVmZwnamoYm{YH$aUo (~«.gy. 1&4&23)ì`dñWm{nV‘². àH¥${Vnwéf`moíM ñdñdm{‘^mdEd gå~ÝYmo AÝ`Ì, àH¥$VoVwdr`m©YmZñ` {dd{jVËdmV² g§ moJmo@{n. gmH$maËdÄM EV`mo… JdV… gmH$maËdmXodCnnÝZ{‘{V Z H$m{MX² XohopÝÐ`mÚZwnn{Îm…. Cnnm{XVÄM EVX² AmMm £… VÎdñVwVm¡VWm{h ""^JdV… gd©V… nm{UnmXËdmV² `X§em… EVo à{Vê$nV`m {ZJ©Vm… VÌgd©Ì¡d H$maUà{Vê$nhñVnmXmXrZm§ {dÚ‘mZËdmV² V¡aod Vofm§ ì`dhma… (B{V).earaÝVw CËnÝZ‘od. A{^‘m{ZZmo@{n {MX§em… Xod{deofm…''nm. o.13 (gw~mo.3&5&37)B{VVw ‘hXm{Xg§J«hm o{V Z H$mo@{n eL²H$mboe…. B{V àH¥${V….

‘hËñdê$n{Zê$nU‘² ; AW ‘hmZ². gM AÌ jwãYoä`mo JwUoä`… CËnÚVo-

""V‘moaO…gÎd{‘{V àH¥$Voa^dZ² JwUm…&‘`m àjmoä`‘mUm`m… nwéfmZw‘VoZ M&&Voä`… g‘^dV² gyÌ§ ‘hmZ² gyÌoU g§ wV…&''(^mJ.nwam.11&24&5-6) B{V dmŠ`mV².

AW©ñVwnm. o.14 : "gyÌ§' gyMZmV² {H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² àW‘mo {dH$ma….VVmo "‘hmZ²' kmZepŠV‘mZ². gM "gyÌoU g§ wV…' gå`L²> {‘{lV….VV… n¥WJ² Z {H$ÝVw EH$‘od VÎd§nm.ô.15 kmZ{H«$`mepŠVä`m§ ÛoYmCÀ`VB{V. ZM ""X¡dmV² jw{^VY{‘©Ê`m§ ñdñ`m§ `moZm¡{Q>.1 na… nw‘mZ²,dr`©‘mYÎm gmgyV ‘hÎmÎd§ {haÊ‘`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&19)

BË`m{XdmŠ`{damoY…, jwãYmZm§ JwUmZm§ ì`mnmaV`m VÌ AÌ M{dd{jVËdmV². EVX²dmŠ`mW©ñVw : "X¡dmV²' H$mbmV², "jw{^Vm… Y‘mª…'gÎdmX`mo ñ`m… VmÑí`m§, ñdjoÌ yVm`m§ àH¥$Vm¡ "na… nw‘mZ²' àW‘nwéfmo,"dr ©‘² AmYÎm' `Wm ñd^m`m© m§ nwéf…. Vñ` BpÝÐ`m{U ^JdVBdAmZÝX‘`m{Z. aoVñVw gpÀMX§e…. {MX§eEd B{V EHo$.

1. A{^ì`pŠVñWmZo àmXw m©dñWmZo B{V(Am).gX§eñVw àH¥$Vo… gH$memV² gå~Ü`Vo. VV… "gm' àH¥${V… "‘hÎmÎd‘²

AgyV'. Vñ` eara§ "{haÊ‘ §', Wm gy m©ÝVJ©VZmamÙñ`. AmZÝXgVmo…EoŠ o {haÊ`ê$nVm ^d{V (gw~mo.3&26&19) B{V.

‘hVíM bjUÌ`§ AmÜ`mpË‘H$m{YX¡{dH$m{Y^m¡{VH$ôXoZ. VÌ AmÚ§ñdê$nbjU§, {ÛVr`ÝVw, Xodofw VËà{g{Õ… oZ ê$noU VÐÿnkmnZmX², CnmgZmWª,V¥Vr`ÝVw bmoHo$ VXwnbãÜ`W©‘². AÝ`Wm à{Vdm{XZmo Z ‘ÝdraZ². VX² CŠV§""{díd‘² AmË‘JV§ ì`ÄOZ²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&20-22)BË`m{XíbmoH$Ì oU.{dñVa^`mX² AÌ VXWª g§{jß` bjUm{Z àXí ©ÝVo.

VÌ àW‘íbmoH$moŠVm{Z Ìr{U bjUm{Z JwUÌ`H$m ©Ëdì`ÄOH$m{Z. VÌ- (1)""Hy$Q>ñWËdo g{V ñdmYma{dídì`ÄOH$Ëd‘²'' B{V gmpÎdH§$

ñdê$nbjU‘². ~«÷mUwdmaUm` "gË`'ÝV‘². àH¥${VdmaUm` eof‘²{Q>.1. (2)"OJXL²Hx$aËd§' {ÛVr § amOg‘². (3)"A{Vg‘W©V‘moZmeH$Ëd‘²' B{V Vm‘g‘².

{ÛVr`íbmoHo$Vw Am{YX¡{dH§$- ""dmgwXodm{d^m©d-ñWmZ-ewÕgÎdmË‘H$Ëd§ VÐÿnV`m Cnmñ`Ëd§

M'' CŠV‘². BX‘od M H$m }ídaê$n§ {Zarídagm§»`mZm‘².

V¥Vr oVw Am{Y^m¡{VH§$-

227 228

"{MÎmËd‘²' B{V bjU§ "{MÎmËd'ÄM "{Z{d©f`-

1. gd}îd{n AmXe}fw nmR>ñVw Ed‘od VWm{n {gÕmÝVm{^‘Và{H«$`mZwamoYoZ: àH¥${VdmaUm` "gË`'ÝV§, àH¥$Vo… VmÑJ²{dídì`ÄOH$Ëdo@{n Hy$Q>ñWËdmgå^dmV².~«÷mÊS>dmaUm` eof‘² BË oVmÑem H«$‘oU ^{dVì`‘².(í`m).

gd©{dH$maa{hV-kmZd¥{ÎmH$Ëd‘²'. ~w{ÕdmaUm` "{Z{d©fò'{V.‘ZmodmaUm` "gd©{dH$maa{hVo'{V. Ah§H$madmaUm` "kmZo'{V.gmpÎdH$mh§H$mañ` VWmËdo@{n nXmW©ñ` EH$ËdmV² emÝVYmoa{d‘yT>mV²Ho$dbkmZËd§ ì`mdV©VEd. Ed§ ewÕ‘Zgmo@{n. AmË‘dmaUm` "d¥Îmr'{V.

gm§»`mñVw *""{ZíM`d¥{ÎmH$‘² AÝV…H$aU§ {ÌJwUmË‘H$‘² AmÚ§ H$m ª dm~w{Õ…'' B{V bjU‘²* Amhþ…. VÝ‘Vo ~w{Õ{MÎm`mo… n`m© Ëd‘² AÌVw nXmW© mo…oX… B{V {deof…. Añ`M JmobH§$ öX §, ~«÷m XodVm, EVËgÎdo à‘mU§ M AJ«o

dú`Vo. B{V ‘hmZ².

Ah§H$mañdê$n{Zê$nU‘² ; AW Ah§H$ma…. gM ‘hV… gH$memX² CËnÚVo.

VX² CŠV§-

""VVmo {dHw$d©Vmo OmVmo `mo@h§H$mamo {d‘mohZ…&d¡H$m[aH$ñV¡OgíM Vm‘gíMoË`h§ {Ìd¥V²&&VÝ‘mÌopÝÐ`‘Zgm§ H$maU§ {MX{MÝ‘`…&''(^mJ.nwam.11&24&6-7) B{V.

"{dHw$d©V…' B{V H$mboZ jwãYJwUmV². "{Ìd¥X²' B{V {Ìì yh…."{MX{MÝ‘`…' B{V {MXm^mgËdmV² {MX{MX²-J«pÝWê$n…. Vñ`

AmÜ`mpË‘H § $ gm‘mÝ`bjUÝV w""VÝ‘mÌopÝÐ`‘ZmoOZH$V‘Am{XJwUdÎd‘²'' VÌ "VÝ‘mÌmOZH$Ëd§'Vm‘gËd‘². "BpÝÐÒZH$Ëd§' amOgÎd‘², VXod M Añ` V¡OgËd‘²."‘ZmoOZH$Ëd§' gmpÎdH$Ëd‘². "d¡H$m[aH$Ëd§ d¡H¥$VËd‘²' B{V M Vñ ¡dn`m ©`m ¡ . "‘Z…'nX § X odmZm‘{n CnbjH$‘ ² . V oZ"{XJmÚoH$mXeXodOZH$Ëd‘²' A{n gmpÎdH$ñ` bjU‘². VX² CŠV‘²""AW©ñVmÝ‘m{ÌH$mX² Oko Vm‘gmX² BpÝÐ`m{UVw V¡OgmX² XodVm AmgZ²EH$mXe M d¡H¥$VmX²'' (^mJ.nwam. 11&24&8) B{V.

XodmñVw {XJ²-dmVmH©$-àMoVmo-@píd-dôZrÝÐmonoÝÐ-{‘ÌH$m… MÝÐíM B{VEH$mXe ko`m…. MH$mamV² ‘Z…. B{V AmÜ`mpË‘H$m{Z {deofbjUm{Z.Am{YX¡{dH$bjUÝVw "gL²H$f©Um{YîR>mZËd‘²' B{V EH$‘od. m¡{VH$bjUÝVw "H$V¥©-H$aU-H$m ©Ëd‘²'. VÌ àm{Ufw {dÚ‘mZñ` gmpÎdH$mh§H$mañ` "H$Îm©¥Ëd§' bjU§,"H$aUËd§' amOgñ`, "H$m`©Ëd§' Vm‘gñ`. H$V¥©ËdÄM ""H$Vm© Ah‘²'' B{V~w{Õ{df`Ëd‘². Ed‘² AÝ`X{n ko ‘². BX§ Y‘©nwañga§ bjUÌ`‘². Y{‘©nwañgaÝVw"emÝVKmoa{d‘yT>Ëd‘²' B{V ^m¡{VH§$ ñdê$nbjU‘² AVEd Ah§H$maoU empÝV…Aà`mo{OH$m. AÌm{n V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYmXod nyd©dX² {d^mJ…. {Zah§H$mañ` Z EVo^mdm… CËnÚÝVo AVEd JdËna… {ÌV`{dbjUmo d{V. m¡{VH$bjUoZ à‘mU‘{nCn{XîQ>§ ^d{V. {deof… V¥Vr`gw~mo{YZrVmo AdJÝVì`….

àmUmo ~w{Õ… M Añ ¡d ê$nmÝVa§ ""kmZepŠV… {H«$`mepŠV~w©{Õ… àmUñVwV¡Og…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&31) B{V {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYmV². VoZ "gd}pÝÐ`~bXmV¥Ëd§'àmUbjU§ {H«$`mepŠV‘ËdmV². ~wÕoñVw Ìr{U bjUm{Z, VÌ "Ðì`ñ’w$aU{dkmZËd§'ñdê$nbjU§, ""BpÝÐ`mZwJ«mhH$Ëd§ g§e`m{XnÄMd¥{ÎmH$Ëd§ M'' B{V Û § H$m ©bjU§V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYmX² (^mJ.nwam.3&26&29-30) AdJÝVì`‘². Ah‘mo@{n öX § JmobH§$,éÐmo XodVm Ed§nm. o.16 àmU~wÕçmoa{n. B{V Ah§H$ma….

nÄMVÝ‘mÌm{Zê$nU‘² : AW VÝ‘mÌm…. gmM " yVgyú‘mdñWm' BX‘od VëbjU‘². Vm… nÄM ‘ybo

C{Ôï>m… "{Z{d©eof-eãXm{X-JwUdX²-^yVËd‘²', ""Ah§H$mamonmXo`Ëdo g{V

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VÎdmÝVamonmXmZËd§'' dm VëbjU‘². eãX-ñne©-ê$n-ag-JÝY- oXmV² nÄMVmíM `mo{JZm§ JmoMam…, {deofmEd Vofm‘² Añ‘Xm{XJmoMam… B{V gm§»`m…. VX²Añ‘mH$‘{n gå‘V‘².

CŠVmZm§ nÄMVÝ‘mÌmUm§ {deofbjUm{Z : AW {deofbjUm{Z : 1.eãX … VÌ "lmoÌJ«mh² Y‘©dmZ²'=eãX…, AZoZ à‘mU‘² CŠV‘². eãXY‘}fw

A{Vì`mpßVdmaUm § "Y‘©'nX‘². "Z^ñVÝ‘mÌËd§', "Ðï¥>Ñí`{b“Ëd§' M BË`{nVëbjU‘². ""JOmo JO…'' B{V CŠVo J¥hpñWVmo ~{h… pñWV§ XodXÎm§ JOÐï>ma§ñdaoU AZw{‘Zmo{V. Ed§ Q>L²H$mam{XZm Ñí § KÊQ>m{XH$‘{n. BX‘{n V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYoCŠV‘². ""AWm©l`Ëd§ eãXñ` Ðï¥>{b“Ëd‘od M VÝ‘mÌËd§ M Z^gmo bjU§H$d`mo {dXw…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&33) B{V, {ÛVr o M ""{b“§ `X² ÐîQ¥>Ñí``mo…''(^mJ.nwam.2&5&25) B{V. AWm©l`ËdÝVw Am{YX¡{dH$bjU§ dU}fw, VX² AÌVÝ‘mÌmê$no eãXo Z AZw‘Ý`Vo, ‘VmÝVaËdmV². Vofm§ Zm‘g¥ï>çÝV…nm{VËdoZEVX²{^ÝZËdmX² B{V ~moÜ`‘². ê$ng¥ï>çÝVJ©Vmo A`‘². VVmo A`ÝVw H$m`©JV…g{deof… gZ² nÄMmZm‘{n JwU….

`Îm w Z¡ m{`H$m… *eãXñ` AmH$me‘mÌJwUËd‘² BÀN>pÝV, VZ² Z, ""nañ`Ñí`Vo Y‘m} h²`napñ‘Z² g‘Ýd`mXVmo {deofmo ^mdmZm§ ^y‘mdodmonbú`Vo''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&49) B{V ""Z^gmo@W {dHw$dm©UmX² A^yV² ñne©JwUmo@{Zb…namÝd`mÀN>ãXdm±íM'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&26) BË`m{XdmŠ`{damoYmV². ZM *AÌH$UmXm{X-‘w{ZàUrV-Xe©Z-{damoYmV² Vm¡ë`‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, eãXàm‘mÊò‘w{ZàUrVËdñ` AVÝÌËdmV². AÝ`Wm VmWmJVm{XXe©ZmZm‘{n àm‘mÊ`àg“mV²{H$ÝVw doXmÚ{damoYñ`¡d VÝÌËd‘². nwamUñ`Vw doXöX`ËdmX² doXê$nËdmV² MXe©Zmnoj`m à~bËdmV² VÔe©Z‘² Cnoú`‘od. VoZ o m©{XeãXmo… ^m¡‘Ed. A`ÄMH$m ©JVmo {dgmar gmd`d… M B{V Cnnm{XV§ eãXIÊSo> VWm eãXmoËn{ÎmàH$ma…eãXldUàH$ma… M VÌ¡d {ZnwUVa‘² Cnnm{XV-B{V Z nwZ… {Zê$ß`Vo. H$m ©JVíMeãX… CXmVm-@ZwXmÎm-ñd[aV-H$pånV-fS²>Of© -JmÝYma-‘Ü`‘-nÄM‘-Y¡dV-{ZfmXm{X- oXmX² AZÝV{dYEd. VWm ñne©dm

Z{n. ZM ‘mZm^mdm o , Z oÌJm obH$mdÀN> oX oZ Y y‘ñne ©ñ` od‘hmJwbr`ÝÌeãXOÝ`ñne©ñ` ‘‘©ñn¥½dmŠÒÝ`ñne©ñ` M öX`mdÀN>oXoZ ËdMmAZw dmV². AVEd ""Z H$pÄMZ² ‘‘©{U ñn¥eoX²'' ( ) B{V ñ‘¥{Va{n g“ÀN>Vo.ZM *JwUo JwUmZ“rH$mamV² Z Ed‘²* B{V dmÀ §, g§»`mdX² dŠVw§ eŠ`ËdmV²H$ënZm`m… Ñï>mZwgm[aËdmX² B{V. `Îmw ""eãXñ` yå`m{XJwUËdo Y«mUopÝÐ`m{X-J«mh² Ëdmn{Îm…'' B{V CŠV§, VV² Z, VÎmX² yVJwUËdoZ VÎmX² m¡{VHo$pÝÐ`J«mh² ËdoZì`mßË`^mdmV². nm{W©dê$nm{XZm§ Mjwam{XJ«mh² ËdXe©ZoZ ì`{^MmamV².

`Îmw ^mÅ>m… *""eãXmo Ðì § gmjmV² gå~ÝYoZ BpÝÐ`J«mh² ËdmX² KQ>dX²'' B{Và wÄOVo "gL²H$moM-{dH$mgmË‘H$-n[a‘mU-embr' M B{V H$ën`pÝV. VWm{h: oareãX… lmoÌoU J¥h² Vo B{V AZw d{gÕ‘². VÌ H$Xå~-JmobH$m{X-Ý`m`H$ënZoAZoH$eãX-VËàmJ^md-{dam‘m{X-H$ënZm-Jm¡- ad‘². EH$Ed eãX… VmdÔÿadVug‘wËnÚVo B{V A“rH$mao {ZH$Q>ñWXyañW`mo… wJnV² ldUmn{Îm…, ZVw H«$‘oUo{VgL²H$moM-{dH$mg-em{b-n[a‘mUdmZ² H$ëß`Vo. à`moJíM ""eãXmo Ðì`‘od ZVwJwU… g§H$moM{dH$mgmË‘H$n[a‘mUdÎdmV² òmdX²'' B{V. VoZ VÌ¡d eãXo dmædZwgmaoU{dH$mgmË‘H§$ n[a‘mU‘² CËnÚVo, VXm ""Agm¡ eãX… lmoÌ‘² AmßZmo{V'' B{VàË`jr{H«$`Vo* B{V Amhþ….

Vofm§ Ú{n H$ënZm bKr`gr VWm{n àË`jmZ{YJVñ` n[a‘mUñ` H$ënZ`m{gÕm¡, VoZ eãXo Ðì`Ëd{g{Õ…, VpËgÕm¡ M VÌ VmÑen[a‘mU{g{Õ[a{VAÝ`moÝ`ml`…. {H$ÄM nyd©à`moJoU Ðì`Ëd{gÕmd{n VmÑen[a‘mUdV… eãXñ`XyañWldUn ©ÝV‘² CËn{ÎmXoeo pñWVm¡ {ZH$Q>ñWñ` ldUYmamn{Îm…, dm wZm VVmoZ`Zo M g‘ñdaldUmn{Îm…, ZVw ‘hmßbwV-ßbwV-XrÚ©-õñdm{XldU-ì`dñWm.Vñ‘mX² Añ‘XwŠVEd nj… gmYr`mZ² B{V {XH²$.

`Îmw ""eãXmo {ZË`mo {Z…ñne©Ðì`ËdmX² AmË‘dX²'' B{V {ZË`ËdgmYZ§, VX{nöX`XoemdÀN>oXoZ ñnem©Zw dmX² CŠVarË`m Ðì`Ëdm{gÕo… M {ZañV§ ko ‘².

ÀM ""eãXmo {ZË`mo ì`mo‘¡H$JwUËdmX²'' B{V gmYZ§, VX{n nÄM yVJwUËdñÀ“rH$mamXod njo hoËd{gÕo… {ZañV‘² B{V {ed‘². B{V eãX….

231 232

2.ñne©…AW ñne©…. gM Ëd½J«mh² …. VëbjUÝVw "dm wVÝ‘mÌËd‘²'. A §H$m ©JV… g{deof… gZ² MVwUm©‘{n JwUmo ^d{V, VoZ "eãXì`mß`JwUËd§' dm"ê$nì`mnH$JwUËd§' dm{n VëbjU‘². {gÕmÝVoVw ‘mÌmê$nmo ‘¥XwH${R>Z-erVmoîU oXmV² MVw{d©Y…. ""‘¥XwËd§ H${R>ZËd§ M e¡Ë`‘wîUËd‘od M EVËñne©ñ`ñne©Ëd§ VÝ‘mÌËd§ Z^ñdV…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&36) B{V dmŠ`mV². JwUmË‘mVw‘¥Xw-{npÀN>b-H${R>Z-erVmoîUmZwîUmerV-bKw-Jwé-g§ moJm{X- oXmX² ~hþ{dY…."‘¥Ûm'{XeãXm… M Y‘©dmMH$mEd àMwaà`moJmX² Y{‘©U‘{n ~moY`pÝV. `Wm AmhH$moeH$ma… ""erV§ JwUo VÛXWm©… gwer‘… {e{eamo OS>…'' (A‘.H$mo.1&3&19)B{V. lr^mJdVoM ""dñVwZmo bKwH$m{R>Ý § ‘¥XwJwdw©îUerVVm§ {OK¥jVñËdL²>{Z{ ©ÝZm''(^mJ.nwam.2&10&23) B{V ewH$mo@{n Amh. AVEd bmoHo$ "^mam'{XnXà`moJíM.VÌ "‘¥Xw…'=H$mo‘b… `Wm ‘mbVrHw$gw‘mXm¡. gM JmT>ñne}Z J¥h² Vo. MmjwfÝVwCnZrV^mZê$n‘². AÝ`Wm H${R>Zo Jwë‘Zda“m»`nwîno ‘¥XwËd^«‘mo Z ñ`mV².{npÀN>bmo@{n Vñ ¡d oX…, gM nÅ>XwHy$bm{Xfw. H${R>ZñVw nmfmUm{Xfw. erVmoObo. CîU… VoO{g. AZwîUmerVñVw dm`m¡ y‘m¡ M. bKwñVw dm wVoOmoOb y{‘fw`Wm gyú‘dm wñnem} Ádmbmñne©… Vybñne©… M. bKwËdmXod D$Üd©J‘Z§ VoOg….Obr`ñVw J“m`‘wZ`mo… Hy$nZÚmo… dm n`{g nonr`‘mZo ‘wImdpÀN>ÝZËdM¡d àË`j….Jwéa{n dm wOb y{‘fw. VÌ dm`dr`ñVw dm wny[aVÑ{VZ‘ZmoÝZo Ed. nm. o.17 ~{h…dm`m¡ nm.ô.18 VXZZw^dñVw doJà{V~ÕËdmX². Obr`ñVw ‘wImdpÀN>ÝZËdMmàË`jmo@{n. ^m¡‘ñVw {dîQ>åôZ{Q>.1 àË`j…, nmUm¡ ’$bHw$gw‘`mo… ñWmnZonm{UZ‘ZVmobZmä`m§ {dZ¡d

1. nVZà{V~ÝYH$s yV… g§ moJ{deof… B{V AW©…(A).’$bo JwéËdmZw^dmV². `Ú{n emñÌmÝVao JwéËd§ {^ÝZmo Y‘©… CÎmmobZm{XZm

AdJå`Vo, VWm{n gmo Apñ‘Z² emñÌo ñne©Ed ñne©g{hVoZ¡d VmobZm{XZmVXdJ‘mV². ñneª {dZm `Ì JwéËdmdJ‘… VÌVw AmZw‘m{ZH$Ed, nd©Vo dôZo[ad.{H$ÄM JwéËd§ `Ì Ñï>§ VÌ Amno{jH$‘od Ñï>‘². VÀM na‘mUm¡ ÌwQ>m¡ dm Z dŠVw§eŠ §, VÌ AmÚnVZmg‘dm{`H$maUñ` Vñ` àË`jVmo ~mYmV², ""OmbmH©$aíå`dJV…I‘odmZwnVÝZJm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&11&5) B{V dmŠ`mV² M. EVoZ bKwËd‘{n

ì`m»`mV§ ko`§, H$m`m}ËnÎmo… nyd©‘² Anojm~wÕçZwXòZ Ano{jVñ` bKwËdñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV².

`Îmw d¡eo{fH$m…nm. o.19 *ApñV {ZË`‘² A{V[aŠV§ JwéËd§ na‘mUw‘mÌd¥{Îm…,VoZ H$m } JwéËdmÝVaÝVw Z OÝ`Vo. {X OÝ oV VXm VmobH$-VmobH${‘Vmd`dÛ`maãYoAd`{d{Z Ad`dJwéËdmä`m§ gh Añ` VmobH$MVwîQ>`{‘V§ JwéËd§ ñ`mV². VÀMVXZwgm ©dZ‘ZmXe©ZmX² AeŠ`dMZ‘². ZM *Vmä`m§ H$m } gyú‘‘od JwéËd§ OÝ`Vo,ñdg‘nm. o.20 -VÁOZZo {Z`m‘H$m^mdmV², VÀM KQ>b½ZV¥UmXo[ad AJ«mh²`‘²*

B{V dmÀ`‘², AàË`jñ` Vñ` AZwÝZo Ëdo VXwËnÎmmdod ‘mZm^mdmV². AVmo {ZË §{Zanoj§ na‘mUw‘mÌd¥Î od JwéËd‘². Ad`{d{ZVw VX²~hþËdmXod JwéËdm{YŠ`àË``…*B{V.

VV² Z, ~hþËdñ` ‘hÎdnm. o.21 ‘mÌ~moYH$ËdmV², Vybm{XnwÄOofw VWm AdYmaUmV².~hþVybnwÄOmënnmfmU`mo… nmVZo nmfmUàW‘nmV~mYmnÎmoíM, ~hþËd~mo{YVJwéËdñ`nmfmUo A^mdmV². {H$ÄM VybnwÄOo AmÚnVZmg‘dm{`Zmo JwéËdñ` A^mdmV²nmfmUo M ~hþËd~mo{YVJwéËdñ` A^mdmX² Anojm~wÕo… n`m© oU{Q>.1 C^`Ì CX`mV²VÌ Amno{jH$ñ`m{n Vñ` {Zd©ŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV² bjUo Aì`mpßVJ«mgmV² M.{H$ÄM `Ì {e{Wbmd`dpíbîQ>md`dm¡ VybnmfmUm¡ Ûmd{n gpÝZ{hVm¡ VÌ VmobZoZ{e{Wbmd`do nmV‘ÁOZmä`m§ píbîQ>md`do JwéËd~w{Õ… CXoVr{V gËà{VnjJ«mg…,gmÜ`mà{gÕo… M. AVmo A{V[aŠVËdmVrpÝÐ`ËdmÚ“rH$ma… àeñVnmX{dídmgmXodB{V {XH²$.

Ho${MÎmw *na‘mUwfw JwéËd§ Zm“rHw$d©ÝV… g§ moJoZ eãXdV² {e{Wbmd`dg§ moJoZbKwËd§ píbîQ>md`dg§ moJoZ JwéËd‘²* B{V Amhþ….

VX{n Ag“V§, ñnem©{V[aŠVñ` g§ moJñ`m{n dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV². ñn¥îQ>EdbmoHo$ "g§ wŠV'ì`dhmamV², g§ moJo "ñne©'ì`dhmamV² M. ZM *bm¡{H$H$ ì`dhmamo«mÝË ¡d* B{V dŠVw§ eŠ § ""edñn¥e§ {XdmH$s{Vª {MqV yn§ aOñdbm§ ñn¥ï²>dm

ËdH$m‘Vmo {dà… ñZmZ§ H¥$Ëdm {dewÕç{V'' ( ) B{V ñ‘¥Vmd{n VWm à`moJmV².`Îmw *""MmÊS>mbmÝË`pñÌ`mo JËdm wŠËdm M à{VJ¥h² M nVË`kmZVmo {dàmo

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kmZmV² gmå`ÝVw JÀN>{V'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.11&175) BË`m{X CŠËdm ""`V² H$amoË oH$amÌoUd¥fbrgodZmX² {ÛO… VX² ¡ú` wJ² OnpÝZË § {Ì{^d©f£anmoh{V'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.11&178)B{V àm`píMÎmmÝVa{dYmZmX² ApñV ñne©g§ moJ`mo… oX…* B{V VX{n Ag“V§,Vñ` kmZà wŠVËdmX² AîQ>{dY‘¡WwZ{H«$`m{Zd¥©{Îmà wŠVËdmV² M. ZM *g§ moJñ`Û`mo… ì`mgÁ`nm. o.22d¥{ÎmËdoZ ñne©ñ` M EH$d¥{ÎmËdoZ àË`jVmo oX{ZíM`mV² ZEd‘²* B{V dmÀ`§ g§`moJo ì`mgÁ`d¥{ÎmËdñ` {dà{VnÝZËdmV². ""BX‘² AZoZgÑe‘²-BX‘² AZoZ'' B{V à{V`mo{JZ‘²Anoú` VÌ-VÌ AdJå`‘mZñ` gmÑí`ñ`à{VY{‘©{^ÝZËddV² ""BX‘² AZoZ g§`wŠV‘²-BX‘² AZoZ'' B{V ~w{Õ{df`ñ`g§ moJñ`m{n à{VY{‘© oXm“rH$mao ~mYH$m^mdmV². h[aÐmMyU©ê$nmä`m§ {dOmVr`ê$ndV²nmH$O‘¥XwËdm{XdV² M Ðì`Û`ñnem©ä`m§ VXmZt g§ moJm»`ñ` {dOmVr`ñ` VñÒZZmX², ôXkmZo@{n ñnem©{VaoH$ñ` XwénnmXËdmV² M. AÝ`Wm {ÛËdmXmd{ngL²>»`mVmo A{VaoH$àg“mV². g§ moJOñVw Z g§ moJ…, {^ÝZV`m AàVr`‘mZËdmV².ZM *ñne©ñ` ËdJoH$Jå`ËdmV² g§ moJñ` ËdŠMjwJ©å`ËdmX² ApñV oX…* B{VdmÀ`‘², Aà`moOH$ËdmV². Ëd½J«mh²`JwUËdñ`¡d ñne©ËdmV², MjwJ«m©h²`Ëdo@{nËd½J«mh² ËdmZnm`mV². *ZZw CŠVo {ÛVr`ñH$ÝY(2&10&23)dmŠ o b¿dm{XJ«hUm`ËdL²>-{Z }X-H$WZoZ AW©V… BVa{ZfoY{gÕo… g§ moJo ñne©Ëd§ Z wŠV‘²* B{V MoX²,AÌ n¥ÀN>m‘… : H$W‘² AÌ {ZfoY…? qH$ `ñ‘mX² Ed§ Vñ‘mV² Z BVaJ«hUm`ËdL²>-{Z }X… B{V? CV Vñ‘mX²

1. VmobZmX² EH$Ì AmÚnVZmV² M AÝ`Ì BË od‘² B{V AW©…(H$).EVEd ñnem} Z BVa… B{V? AWdm Vñ‘mX² b¿dm{XfQ²>H§$ Z BVaJ«mh² ‘²

B{V? VÌ Z AmÚ… g§ moJñ`m{n ËdMm AJ«hUmnÎmo…. Z {ÛVr`mo dmŠ o {ZX}emV²ñne©gm‘mÝ o ñne©Ëdhm{Zàg“mV². AV… V¥VrÈd nj… AmXV©ì`…. VVíM Zg§ moJo ñne©Ëdm`moJB{V Z {H$pÄMX² EVV².

*ZZw g§ moJñ` ñne©Ëdo Ëd½bjUñ` Mjw{f A{Vì`mpßV…* B{V MoV², Z,dm w{deofJwUËdoZ ñne©J«hñ` VÌ {dd{jVËdoZ Mjw{f M VX^mdoZ AXmofmV².ZM *ñne©ñ` n¥{Wì`m{XMVwîQ>`d¥{ÎmËdmV² g§ moJñ` M ZdÐì`d¥{ÎmËdmX² ApñVoX…* B{V dmÀ §, g§ moJñ` AmH$mem{XnÄMH$d¥{ÎmËdo ‘mZm^mdmV². ""AmH$meo

H$ÝXwH$…-BXmZt KQ>…-àVrÀ`m§nm.ô.23 MÝÐ…'' BË`mXm¡Vw H$m{bH$gå~ÝY-ñdê$ngå~ÝYmä`m‘od `Wmgå^d§ d¥{Îm{Z`‘m{gÕo…. AÝ`Wm gd©Ed AmË‘mZ…H$mbo Z ñ w…. {H$ÄM, AmH$memXm¡ g§ moJm“rH$mao VXg‘dm{`H$maU{Zd©MZmepŠV….VWm{h Z gL²>»`mn¥WŠËd`mo… VWmËd§, V`mo… {dOmVr`JwUOZH$Ëdñ` AÝ`ÌA{gÕËdmV². Ì g‘{df‘mZoH$ÐìÒonm. o.24 H$m } {dOmVr`ê$nagmÚwËn{Îm… VÌm{nH$maUJVê$nagmXoaod Ag‘dm{`Ëd§, Z gL²>»`m`m…. Vñ`m… ñdê$nVmo ‘mZ§ {Z`å ¡dAÝ`Wm{gÕËdmV². Zm{n n[a‘mUñ`, A{V‘hV… Vñ` H$m`m©OZH$ËdmV². Zm{n{d^mJñ`, Vñ` g§`moJOZH$V`m… Šdm{n AXe©ZmV². Zm{n {deofJwUmZm§,g §`m oJmÝVa^m{dËdmV ² . Zm{n KQ > m {XH$‘ ©U…, Vñ` VWmËd o {Q > .1

{Z{‘ÎmH$maU{Zd©MZmeŠVo…. ZM *H$mboídaoÀN>mXrZm‘od {Z{‘ÎmËd‘²* B{V gmåàV§,Vofm§ gm‘mÝ`ËdoZ AJ{VH$ËdmX² B{V. ZM Ed§ Xoh{dï>å^m{Q>.2Zwnn{Îm…, àmUg§ moJoZ¡dVËgå^dmV² ""`ñ`m… H$mboZ ZmoÚm`m… {d`moJ… àmUXoh`mo… àm{UZ… gm ñdg‘ o‘¥Ë waË`ÝV{dñ‘¥{V…'' ( ) B{V ‘¥Ë wbjUoZ VWm AdYmaUmV². ZM *AmË‘‘Zgmo…g§ moJam{hË o kmZmZwX`àg“…* B{V dmÀ §, H$m ©H$maUH$V¥©ËdmÜ`mgoZ BpÝÐ`àoaUoZM VËgå^dñ` Cnnm{XVËdmV². ì`mnH$ËdÄM Z gH$b‘yV©Ðì`g§ mo{JËd§ {H$ÝVwX¡{eH$n[aÀN>oXa{hVËd‘od OÝ o. B©ídaoVw XoeH$mbmn[aÀN>oÚËd{‘{V Z H$mo@{nMmoÚmdga…. ‘ZgñVw

1. Ag‘dm{`Ëdo (H$). 2. nVZà{V~ÝYH$s yVg§ moJmo {dîQ>å^…(H$).ñne©dÎdo@{n Z Xmofmo, AÝZ‘`ËdoZ dú`‘mUËdmX² B{V. Vñ‘mV² Z ñnem©{V[aŠV…

g§ moJmo Zdm JwéËdmX`…. íbofñVw {d^mJm^mdEd. g§ wŠVmA{n A“xb`… MVòmo^dpÝV. g§íbofoVw Z VWm, `Wm {‘{bVm“xbo… B{V. EdÄM ñZohmo@{n ñne©ñ ¡doX…, ËdM¡d AdJ‘mV². ZM *g§J«h{Z{‘ÎmËdoZ ‘¥Om Zmí`ËdoZ M gmo A{V[aŠVEd

AñVw* B{V dmÀ §, ñne©ñ ¡d VWmËdm“rH$mao ~mYH$m^mdmV². EVoZ¡d C^`{dY§ÐdËd‘{n ì`m»`mV § k o`‘ ². Mjwfm VX ²J «hñV w CnZrV^mZê$nEd,ê$nmÝVa{H«$`mÚwÝZo ËdmV² Vñ o{V Ab§ àgŠVmZwàgŠË`m. B{V ñne©….

3.ê$n‘²AW ê$n‘². VÀM MjwJ«m©h² ‘². VëbjUÄM "VoOñVÝ‘mÌËd§',"Ðì`mH ¥ ${VVwë`mH ¥ ${VH$Ëd§', ""gd©Xm CngO©ZV`m àVr`‘mZËd§'',

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"ì`pŠVg§ñWmg‘mZg§ñWmH$Ëd§' M. VX² CŠV§ ""Ðì`mH¥${VËd§ JwUVmì`pŠVg§ñWmËd‘od M VoOñËd§ V oOg… gmpÜd ê$n‘mÌñ` d¥Îm`…''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&39) B{V. VÀM VÝ‘mÌmê$n‘² EH${dY‘od, ‘ybo ê$n oXmJUZmV².H$m`©Ðì`JVÝVw JwUê$n§ ^mñda{Q>.1-ewŠb-Zrb-nrV-h[aV-bmo{hVm{X-ôXmX²AZÝV{dY§ a"H$mam{Xfw gwà{gÕ‘². VoZ "ñne©ì`mß`JwUËd§'-"agì`mnH$JwUËd§'M VëbjU§ ko ‘². {MÌ‘{n A{V[aŠV§ ê$n‘².

nmW©gma{W{‘lmñV w *H$maUJwUmZm§ Z H$m ©JwUmaå^H$Ëd§ JwUÛ`àVrË`^mdmV².`{X{h Ûm¡ JwUm¡ àVr o mVm§ VÝVwfw EH$… nQ>o M Ana…, VV… H$m ©H$maU^md§ànÚo mVm‘². ZVw Ed§ {H$ÝVw VÝVwê$n‘od, VÝVwfw nQ>^md‘mnÝZofw, nQ>ê$nV`màVr`Vo ZVw ê$nmÝVa‘². {MÌnQ>o@{n Ad`dôXÛmaoU¡d ZmZmê$ng‘dm`ñèŠ`dMZËdmV². "{MÌ'eãXñ` ZmZmn`m©`V`m bmoH$à{gÕo… M {MÌ‘{n ZA{V[aŠV§ ê$n‘²* B{V Amhþ….

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1. ^mñda§ naàH$meH$Ëd§ ""J«mh² Ëd§ J«mhH$Ëd§ M Ûo eŠVr VoOgmo@nam''()(Am).

A{V[aŠVËdm“rH$mao@{n ~mYH$m^mdmV².

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aŠVñ` nrVÜd§gg‘mZm{YH$aUËdmX²* B{V MoV², VX² BX§ Z jmoXj‘§,h[aÐmqH$ewH$m{Xago MyUm©{X-jma`moJoZ apŠV‘monbãYo… AÝ`ËdmZwnbãYo… MAÝd`ì`{VaoH$mä`m§ VX oXñ` AjVËdmV². YdbZrb`moJo dUm©ÝVa‘² Cnbä`VEdB{V MoV², {‘Wmo dU© mo…{Q>.1 `moJo dUm©ÝVamonbãYoZ A oXàË`m`H$Ëd§, jmamXo…AdU©ËdoZ VËàË`m`H$Ëd‘² BîQ>‘². EVXÝ`WmZwnnË`m VX oXH$ënZ‘² Amdí`H$‘².VÌ jmam{X… ì`ÄOH$… B{V MoX², Amo‘² B{V ~«y‘…, {dÚ‘mZ^mdñ ¡d ì`ÄOHo$ZCnbãYo…. CËH$fm©Ym`H$… g B{V MoV², CËH$f©ñ` ñdgOmVr`gË`m {gÕo… VX oXmoX¡d{gÕ…. Z{h amg^ñ` CËH$fm} AídËd§ {H$ÝVw ñdOmVr ofw Am{YŠ`‘². h[aÐm"AéUm' B{V àË``mV² VÌ nmHo$Z¡d ê$nnamd¥{Îm… B{V MoV², ad{Q>H|$JmbmXm¡MyUm©Ú`moJo@{n nmH$àgŠË`m ê$nnamd¥{Îm… Xwdm©am. {H$ÄM, A{^ì`ÄOH$g‘dYmZoA{^ì`ÄOH$ñ` VXm{d^m ©dH$Ëd oZ nrV o aŠVm^ oXm {gÕ o… ""nrV §aŠVmË`ÝVm^mdà{V`mo{J, VXÝ`mà{V`mo{JËdo g{V à{V`mo{JËdmV² aŠVdV², ì`{VaoHo$Zrbm{XdX ² '' BË`m{XZm VX^ oX{gÕ o…. C^`Ìm{n {Q > .1 nrVËdñ`ËdÝ‘VgmÜ`mì`mnH$ËdmV² Z Cnm{YVm, gmÜ`m^mdmonmÜ`^mdì`mßVo… nrVoì`{^M[aVËdmV² njVmdÀN>oXH$ñ` AZwnm{YËdmV² M. ‘YynmgZm`m§ ""`V² nrV§MméU§ M'' (? )B{V àH¥$Ë` ""Z nrVmX² AéU§ Z AéUmV² nrV§ {^ÝZ‘²''

1. {‘WmodU© moJ{ZîR>‘² B{V AW©…(A).(? ) B{V V`mo… A oXmo X{e©V…. Vñ‘mV² àË`jmZw‘mZeãXmWm©n{Îmà‘mUoä`…

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{ÌJwUËd‘od {gÕ‘². JwUmZmÄM EVX²ê$nÌ`dÎd‘od. BVaofm‘² AÌ¡d AÝV^m©d…*B{V Amhþ….

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1. CŠVà`moJo V{ÛnarVà`moJo M B{V AW©…(A).

BË`mXmd{n "í`m‘'nXñ` ê$nÛ`dmMH$Ëd‘² Cn‘mZnX-g‘{^ì`mhmamX²AdJÝVì`‘², ""H$ny©aJm¡a… {ed…'' ""ñdU©Jm¡ar nmd©Vr'' BË`m{Xfw VWm Xe©ZmV².ZM ídoVnrV`mo… EoŠ § wî‘Ëgå‘V‘², AV… VÛX² AÝ`Ìm{n AdYo ‘², ""AOm‘²EH$m‘²'' (‘hmZm.Cn.9&2) B{V lw{Va{n gmL²>»`‘Vo àH¥${Vnam doXmpÝV‘VoVoOmo@~ÝZnam, C^`Wm{n H$maUê$n§ {Zê$n`ÝVr H$m ©{‘d ê$nmÝVa§ OÝ § g§J¥ôUm{VZVw {ZôZwVB{V AÝV^m©do@{n ê$nmÝVa‘² AdO©Zr`‘² B{V {XH²$.

àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘…. ^mñdaÝVw naàH$meH$‘². VÀM ñdml`m{YH$Xoed¥{Îm{dgm[aËdmV² ‘{Uà^mXm¡ VWm {ZíM`mV². ZM *Vñ`m… VÁO{ZV-{dab-gOmVr`-Ðì`mÝVaËd‘²* B{V dmÀ §, ê$ndËdoZ ñne©dËdoZ ì`mßVo… Vñ`mA{n ñnme©Zàg“mV².ZM *Vñ`m… AZwX² yV… ñnem} ApñV* B{V dmÀ §, ‘mZm^mdmV². CX² dñ` Šdm{n

AXe©ZmV². H$maUo CX² yV… H$m } AZwX² yV… B{V d¡narË`mV² M. ZM *VXd`dm…A{V[aŠVmEd* B{V dmÀ §, ‘{UZmeo@{n VXmaå^H$md`dmZmemV² VpËñWË`mnÎmo…,‘qU {dZm{n VXwËn{Îmàg“mV² M. ""‘Uo… à^m'' B{VdV² ""à^md`dmZm§ "à^m'''B{V àVrË`mnÎmo… M B{V. BXÄM ""JwUmX² dmbmoH$dX²'' (~«.gy.2&3&25) B{VgyÌo ànpÄMV‘² AmMm £… B{V {deofmH$m¬m`m§ VVmo AdYo ‘². B{V ê$n‘².

4.ag…AW ag…. gM agZopÝÐ`J«mh² …. VëbjUÝVw "ObVÝ‘mÌËd‘²'.gM VÝ‘mÌmê$nmo Aì`ŠV‘YwaEd. H$m`©JVñVw ^m¡‘mo ì`ŠVmì`ŠVôX{^ÝZ…H$fm`-‘Ywa-{VŠV-H$Q²>dåb-jma-{‘l-ôXmV² gßV{dY…. VXdmÝVaôX¡ñVwAZÝV{dYmo JwS>-eH©$am-Ðmjm-Xw½YmXm¡ VWm Cnbå^mV². VoZ "JÝYì`mnH$JwUËd§'"ê$nì`mß`JwUËd§' M VëbjU‘². A § Obo Aì`ŠV‘YwaEd. agmÝVaàVr{VñVwAmYmaY‘©gå~ÝYmV². VX² CŠV§ ""^m¡{VH$mZm§ {dH$maoU ag EH$mo {d{^ÚVo''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&42) B{V. B{V ag….

5.JÝY…AW JÝY…. gM K«mUopÝÐ`J«mh² …. VëbjUÝVw "n¥{WdrVÝ‘mÌËd‘²'.gM ì`ŠVmì`ŠV^ oXmX ² {Û{dY…. H$ m` ©JVñV w J wUê$n… f{S > ‰Y…""H$aå^ny{Vgm¡aäèmÝVmoJ«måbm{X{^… n¥WH²$ Ðì`md`dd¡få`mX² JÝY EH$mo{d{^ÚVo'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&45) B{V dmŠ`mV². VXdmÝVa oX¡ñVw AZÝV{dY….VoZ "agì`mß`JwUËd§' VëbjU‘². VÌ H$aå^mo {‘l…, gM ì`ÄOZm{Xfw à{gÕ….EVoZ Om{VgmL²H$ ©‘{n n[aöV§ ~moÜ`‘². AÝ`Wm bd“mXm¡ `Ì gm¡aä § Z VÌny{VËd§, `Ì ny{VËd§ qh½dmXm¡ Z VÌ gm¡aä`‘². C^`g‘mdoeíM ì`ÄOZB{V VV²ñ`mXod. ny{V… XwJ©ÝY…, gm¡aä § gwJÝY…. ny{Vgm¡aä``moaod emÝVmoJ«m¡ oXm¡. VÌeVnÌm{XJÝY… emÝV…, CJ«… MånH$mXo… bewZmXo… M. Aåbmo {Zå~yH$mXo…n ©w{fVgynmXo… M. "Am{X'eãXoZ Yy‘YynmXrZm‘² AZoH${dYmo JÝYmo@{n g§J¥hrVmoko`…. A`ÄM ñdml`m{YH$XoedVu Ho$VH$m{XgwJÝYñ` XyaV… CnbãYo…. ZM*Ðì`md`d{ZJ©‘mXod CnnÎmm¡ ñdml`m{YH$Xoed¥{ÎmËdm“rH$mamo Z `wŠV…* B{VdmÀ §, àm‘m{UH$ËdmV² VX² Cnnm{XV§ {dÛÝ‘ÊS>Zo à wMaU¡….

VWm{h-

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""Ñí`Vo {d{dYM‘©nwQ>dopîQ>Vñ`m{n ‘¥J‘Xñ` JÝYmonbå^mod{UŠgmW}fw. Z{h VÌ VXd`d{ZJ©‘mnyd©VËàdoem¡ gå^dV…. ({Q>.1 ZMVÌ Anyd©VËàdoeñ` dŠVw‘² AeŠ`Ëdo@{n Ad`d{ZJ©‘ñVwAXÊS>dm[aV… VX² mamnJ‘ñ` AZw dgm{jH$ËdmX²* B{V dmÀ §, VWmg{V) JÝYmonbå^g‘ o àgm[aV‘wIñ` VÐgmonbpãYàg“mV². Vofm‘²Ad`dmZm§ mo½`ËdmX² AÝ`Wm JÝYmo@{n Z Cnbä oV, JÝYñ`(Ed)Cnbåô {Z`m‘H$m^mdmV² M. ZZw AÑï>‘od VWm B{V MoX², AhmoJm¡ad^r{V… dmdXyH$ñ` X², Ad`d{ZJ©‘Z§, nwZ… VXd`dnyaU§, VÕoVmo…AÑîQ>ñ` M H$ënZ§, agmÚZw^dà{V~ÝYH$mÑîQ>mÝVañ` M H$ënZ§dXVmo@{n AgL²H$moM… VwÊS>ñ`, "JÝYm{V[aŠV...'B{V‘mÌH$WZo (M)gL²H$moM… (*ZZw ‘mñVw AÑîQ>H$ënZ§ VWm{n ÌwQ>m¡ ê$nñ ¡d Vofw JÝYñ ¡d

1. Bh {dÛÝ‘ÊS>ZmX² CÕ¥Vo Apñ‘Z² dMZo H$moîR>H$mÝVJ©Vmo ^mJ…àñWmZaËZmH$aH¥$Vm lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUoZ {dÝ`ñVmo ~moYgm¡H$`m© (í`m).

CX² yVËd§ H$ëß`Vo* B{V MoV², Z, `Ì) CJ«JÝYñ` H$ñ`{MV²Hw$gw‘ñ` bewZmXo… dm ñne©‘mÌo@{n VVmo ‘whþ… ‘¥ËñZm jmbZo@{nH$añ` Z VX²JÝYmnJ‘mo AZw y Vo VÌ Vofm§ dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV².ñne©‘mÌb½ZVXd`dmZm§ àmoÄN>Zo@{n Ag{hîUyZm§ gH¥$V² jmbZo@{n ZpñW{Vgå^d…. Hw$VñVam§ ‘whþ… VWmH$aUo AVmo Ðì`m{YH$Xoed¥{ÎmËd§JÝYñ` ‘ÝVì`‘². AVmo {dZí`XdñWJwUmZm‘² AZm{lVËdoZ A“rH$mamo`Wm Vd VWm Ðì`m{YH$Xoed¥{ÎmËdoZ AZw do@{n Hw$éîd''.

({dÛ.‘ÊS>.)BË`m{X.

lw{Va{n ""`Wm d¥jñ` gånwpînVñ` XyamX² JÝYmo dm{V'' (‘hmZm.Cn.8&2)B{V. AÌ VXd`dmgÎd{Zê$nUmW©‘od "Xya'nX‘².

`Îmw *àgm[aV‘wIñ` agmZwnbå o JÝYmonbå^gm‘½ «mEd à{V~ÝYH$Ëd‘²*

B{V H$píMX² Amh, VV² ’$ëJw, {dOmVr`JwUmonbå^H$ËdoZ ê$noU à{V~ÝYH$ËdñÀeŠ`dMZËdmV², EH$H$mbmdÀN>oXoZ ZoÌJmobH$mÝV… ËdMm Mjwfm M

dôÝ`m¡îÊ`ê$n`mo… J«hUñ` gd©OZrZËdmV². JÝYmonbå^H$ËdoZ B{V MoV², Z,A{gÕËdmX² d¡narË`ñ`m{n gwdMËdmV² M. ZM *’$b~boZ Vñ` àm~ë § H$ëß`Vo*

B{V dmÀ §, ’$bñ` Añ‘XwŠVarË`m{n {gÕo… Vñ`mEd ~bdÎdo {Z`m‘H$m^mdmV²jUmÝVao agmonbå^àg“mV² M. ZM *VX²JVagmXrZm‘² AZwX² yVËd‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘²,AZmaå^Ho$fw Vofw AZwX² yVagmÚ“rH$mañ` à‘mUa{hVËdmX² B{V {XH²$. ZM *‘whþ…jmbZm{XZm JÝYmnJ‘VmaVå o JÝYñ` gmd`dËdmn{Îm…* B{V dmÀ`‘², BîQ>mnÎmo….ZM ñne©dÎdmn{Îm…, gmd`dÐì`ËdoZ¡d ñne©dÎdoZ ì`mßVo… A“rH$mamX²,^yVgyú‘ê$nËdoZ BîQ>mnÎmo… M. EVoZ Amaå^H$Ëd‘{n XÎmmoÎma§ ko`§, JÝYoZ¡dMÝXZ-ñn¥îQ>-dm w-gånH©$-em{b-embmÝVa-e¡Ë § {Zå~Vé-{deof-gånH©$-em{b-dmV-g§gJ©O-‘wI-{VŠVËd‘{n ì`m»`mV§ ko ‘². ZM Ed§ gd©Ì A{Vàg“…CËH$Q>ËdmZwËH$Q>Ëd`moaod JÝYm{X-{dgaUm-{dgaUnm. o.26*-

{Z`m‘H$ËdmX² B{V g§jon…. B{V JÝY…. B{V VÝ‘mÌmUm§ bjUm{Z.

nÄM‘hm^yVbjUm{Z : AW ^yVmZm§ bjUm{Z CÀ`ÝVo. VÌ "AmH$mem{XnÄMH$mÝ`V‘Ëd§'

"g{deofeãXm{X‘Îd§' dm gm‘mÝ`bjU‘². "~{h[apÝÐ`J«mh²`{deofJwUdÎd‘²'B{V. ^yVËdbjUÝVw AJ«o AmbL²H$m[aH¡$… XyfUmX² `mo½`VmK{Q>VËdo@{nà‘mUa{hVËdmV² Z AmÑV‘². Ed‘² AÝ`X{n ~moÜ`‘².

1.AmH$mebjU‘²AW d¡eo{fH§$ VÌ AmH$meñ` "^yVmdH$meXmV¥Ëd§'"~{haÝVì ©dhma{df`Ëd§' "àmUopÝÐ`mÝV…H$aUmYmaËd§' M B{V bjUÌ`‘².

VX² CŠV§ "" yVmZm§ {N>ÐXmV¥Ëd§ ~{haÝVa‘od M àmUopÝÐ`mË‘{YîÊ`Ëd§ Z^gmod¥{ÎmbjU‘²'' (^mJ.nwam. 3&26&34) B{V. VÌ AmÚ‘² Am{YX¡{dH$ñ`,ñdm{Y^m¡{VH$-ñdê$n-H$‘©H$-XmV¥Ëdñ` VÌ¡d gÎdmV². {ÛVr`ÝVw Am{Y^m¡{VH§$ñdê$nbjU§ ì`dhmam on`m o {J. ZM AmdaU o A{Vì`mpßV…, Vñ`{df`n[aÀN>oXH$ËdmV². AVEd Z yàXoeo {X{e M ""AmÝVamo Xoemo'' "~mh² moXoe…' ""AmÝVam {XJ²'' ""~mh² m {XJ²'' B{V VÌ {dÚ‘mZËdoZ A{^bß`‘mZËdmV².

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AVmo ""Yy‘mo AÝVaod Z ~{h…'' B{V ì`dhmagm{jH$mo {ddaEd ~{haÝVaì`dhma…B{V. EVoZ AmH$me‘² A{ZÀN>ÝVmo åboÀN>m… ^mÅ>¡H$Xo{eZ… M AnmñVm….

A § {ZË`… B{V d¡eo{fH$mX`… *VWm{h g‘dmæ`m{XH$maUÌ`gm‘½a²çm{hgdm } Ën{Îm…. VÌ AmH$memd`dmà{gÕçm g‘dmæ`^md oZVX²Û`g§`moJê$nmg‘dm{`Zmo@{n A^mdmX², Ho$db{Z{‘ÎmoZ H$m`m}ËnÎ`Xe©ZmV²,g¥pîQ>àmJ^mdXem`m‘² Agw{faËdñ` Agå^mì`ËdmV², n¥{Wì`m{Xd¡Yå`m©X²,{d wËdmV², gå^dlwVo… Cnm{YnaËdoZ Jm¡UËdoZ AOËd{g{Õ…. AVmo A § {ZË`…*

B{V dXpÝV.

VX² {d`XwËnÎ`{YH$aUo (~«.gy.2&3&1) Xy{fV§ ì`mg¡… VX² {XL²>‘mÌ§ àXí ©Vo. VWm{h-

""Z^mo OÝ § {dH$m[aËdmX², {dH$m[a bm¡{H$H$-ì`dhma-{df`ËdmX²KQ>m{XdX²'' B{V AZw‘mZoZ ""AmË‘Z… AmH$me… gå^yV…''(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1&1) B{V lwË`ZwJ¥hrVoZ OÝ`Ëd{gÕçm B©ídañ`¡dg‘dm{`Zmo {Z{‘ÎmmX², {d^mJmV² M Ag‘dm{`Z…, gwIoZ OÝ`Ëd{g{Õ….H«$‘g¥îQ²>çÝVao@{n VpËg{Õ… AàË yhm AV… gwîRw>.

AW àg“mX² BX§ {dMm ©Vo : AmH$meo ZrbàVr{V… `m gm «‘… à‘m dm?B{V.

VÌ ~hd… *AmH$meñ` ê$ndÎdo Z ‘mZ‘². VWm{h Z VmdV² àË`j‘²""AmH$me§ VÐÿn§ dm ní`m{‘'' B{V AàË``mV². ""Zrb§ Z^mo ApñV'' B{VàVr{V… gmd©bm¡{H$H$s B{V MoV², Vñ`m… «mÝVËdmV². *ZZw ê$ndV… àË`j{df`VmZ {Z`Vm na‘mUm¡ ì`{^MmamX²* B{V MoV², Z, ghH$m © mdñ` VÌ VÝÌËdmV². qH$VV² ghH$mar? B{V MoV², ‘hÎd‘od. Zm{n ""dm w{^ÝZËdo g{V ‘hÎdmV² n¥{WdrdX²''BË`ZoZ AmH$meo ê$n{g{Õ…, ÐdËdñ` VÌ Cnm{YËdmV². Zm{n ""{H«$`m{Xa{hVËdog{V ^yVËdmV², `ÝZ¡d§ VÝZ¡d§ H$mbdX²'' BË`ZoZ {g{Õ…, Ðì`maå^H$Ëdñ`Cnm{YËdmV², AmÚjUr`KQ>mXm ¡ ì`{^MmamV² M. ~{h[apÝÐ`J«mh ²`-

{deofJwUdX²d¥{Îm-Ðì`Ëd-gmjmX²ì`mß`-Y‘©dÎdñ` H$mbmXrVaÐì`Ëdñ` dmyVËdñ` VÌm{n gÎdmV². {H$ÄM ""AmH$memo `{X ê$ndmZ² ñ`mV² na‘‘hmZ² Z

ñ`mV², ~{h[apÝÐ`J«mh² mo dm ñ`mV² ñne©dmZ² dm ñ`mV² n¥{Wì`m{XÌ § dm ñ`mX²''B{V ~mYH$VH©$namhV‘² AmH$meñ` ê$ndËd‘²* B{V Amhþ….

VÌ gm{hË`gd©ñdH$ma… *Z BX‘² C{MV§, ""Zrb§ Z^… ní`m{‘'' B{V{Z…eL²H§$ gmd©OZrZàË``mV². Z M Agm¡ «‘…, VËH$maUr yVXmofñ` {dH$ënnamhVo….VWm{h : {H$‘² Agm¡ {df`Xmof… gmÑí`{Z~ÝYZ… ""BX§ aOV‘²'' B{VdV²? CVH$aUXmof… {nÎmm{X{Z~ÝYZ…""e§I… nrV…'' B{VdV²? Z AmÚ…, Agå^dmX²{df`JV-XmofOÝ`-^«‘ËdmdpÀN>ÝZ§ à{V Y{‘©à‘mofghH¥$Vmamonñ` VÝÌËdmV².àH¥$Vo VXgå^dmV² Z^ñËdñ` AdÀN>oXH$Vm`m… ì`dñWmn{`î`‘mUËdmV². Z{ÛVr`mo, Añ` àË``ñ` gmd©OZrZËdmV², wJnV² gd©OZ-H$aU-Xmofñ` dŠVw‘²AeŠ`ËdmV². ZM *EoÝÐOm{bH$‘m`m`m§ `Wm dñVwJ«hUà{V~ÝYê$n… H$aUJVmo{df`JVmo dm Xmof… gmd©OZrZ… VWm AÌ* B{V dmÀ §, VÌ EoÝÐOm{bH$ñ`VËn[anpÝW‘ÝÌm{XdVm o AÝ`ñ` M `WmdñV wJ «hUXe ©Z oZ VñÀgmd©OZrZËd{ZíM`mV². {H$ÄM, gd}fm§ »`m{Vdm{XZm§ ‘Vo AmH$meñÀVrpÝÐ`Vm`m… gå‘VËdoZ VX{YH$aUH$- «‘m`moJmV². AVmo ~mYH$m^mdmV² gmàVr{V… à‘¡d. gm‘rß o Z¡ë`m^mdàË`Èd ~mYH$… B{V MoV², Z, ì`mnH$ñÀmH$meñ` X¡{eH$-naËdmnaËdmË‘H$-XyaËdgm‘rß``mo… AZ{YH$aUËdmV².nwéfg§g¥îQ>Xoe{ddj`m gm‘rß`àË``… B{V MoV², Vd AmH$meñ` AVrpÝÐ`ËdoZgm‘rß`mÚ{df`ËdmV² Z`Zg§g¥îQ>mÄOZdV² gmJaZr{b‘dV² M g‘rno VXJ«hUo@{nAXmofmV². Vñ‘mX² AXwîQ>… AmH$meàË`jVmnj…. EdÄM nydm}ŠVmZw‘mZ‘{n ‘mZ‘².ZM ÐdËd‘² Cnm{Y…, Vñ` àbò n¥ÏdrVoO…na‘mÊdmo… gmÜ`mì`mnH$ËdmV²,KQ>dôÝ`mXmd{n VWmËdmV² M. KQ>mXm¡ ÐdËddX²d¥{Îm-Ðì`Ëd-gmjmX²ì`mß`-Om{V‘ÎdoZ ÐdËd{gÕo… Z gmÜ`mì`mnH$Ëd‘² B{V MoV², Z, VX² d¥{ÎmVmÑeOm{V‘ÎdoZVÎmX²JwUgmYZo ÛofdX²d¥{ÎmÐì`Ëd-gmjmX²ì`mß`-Om{V‘ÎdoZ B©ídao@{n Ûofmn{Îm….{H$ÄM ì`mß`Y‘©ñ od {deofoU ì`mnH$Y‘©ñ`m{n {Z`m‘H$Ëdmn{Îm…. V{XîQ>ËdoJÝYdX²d¥{Îm-n¥{WdrËdì`mnH$-Om{V‘ÎdoZ AmH$memXmd{n JÝYm{XgmYZmn{Îm….ZM *Ed§ KQ>dôÝ`mXm¡ AgÎdoZ ÐdËd§ n¥{WdrVoOgmo… ^mJm{gÕ§ ñ`mX²* B{VdmÀ`‘². BîQ>mnÎmo…, Vñ` Abú`ËdmX², `Wmonbå § VpÝZ`‘ñ` wŠVËdm{X{V.

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`Ú{n AÌ "AmH$me{^ÝZËd‘²' Cnm{Y…, VWm{n gmÜ`m^mdmonmÜ`^md`mo… dm`m¡ì`{^M[aVËdoZ njo gmYZmì`mnH$Ëdñ` AXyfH$ËdoZ M Z VËgå^d…. EVoZÐdËdm^mdñ` ê$nm^mdgmhM`m©X² Cnm{YÑT>rH$aU‘² CpËjßV‘². dñVwVñVw ÐdËd§ObEd. ZM *K¥VV¡bgwdUm©Xm¡ dôÝ`m{Xg§gJ}U VXwnbpãY… V{h© Z ñ`mX²* B{VeL²H$ç§, VXÝVJ©VmZm § Obm §emZm‘od VÛÎmmä`wnJ‘oZ VX{^ì`ŠË`mCnbå^gå^dmV². AÝ`Xm VXZwnbpãYñVw {h‘H$aH$mXm{dd nm{W©d^mJ~mhþë`mX²A{^ì`ÄOH$mg§ moJmX²nm. o.27 dm* B{V Amhþ….

A{nM {ÛVr`mZw‘mZo Ðì`maå^H$Ëdmonm{YñVw ê$ndXÝË`mnm.ô.28d`{d{ZgmÜ`mì`mnH$ËdmV ² {ZañV…. AmÚjUmdpÀN>ÝZ o ~{h[apÝÐ`J«mh ²`-{deofJwUdÎdê$n- yVËdñ` hoVmo… A^mdmV² Z ì`{^Mmamo@{n. {ZéŠV yVËd`mo…AmÚ{ddjm`m§ VÛX²-d¥{ÎmÐì`Ëd-gmjmX²-ì`mß`Y‘©ñ` ^yVËdñòd ‘yV©Ëdñ`‘Z{g, {ÛVr`{ddjm`m§ ^mÅ>mZm§ eãXo, doXmpÝVZm‘² AkmZo, Añ‘Ý‘Vo V‘{gA{Vì`mßVo…. dú`Vo M V‘g… Ðì`Ëd‘² Cn[aîQ>mV². `mo@{n ""`{X ê$ndmZ² ñ`mV²n¥{Wì`m{XÌ § ñ`mX²'' BË`m{X… CËào{jV… VH©$…, gmo@{n XwñVH©$Ed, dm w{^ÝZËdog{V {ZpîH«$`Ëdmonm{YJ«mgmV², ""`{X ê$ndmZ² Z ñ`mV² dm w{^ÝZËdo g{V ~{h[apÝÐ`-J«mh²`-{deofJwUdmZ² Z ñ`mX²'' B{V à{VVH©$namhVo… M. ZM "ñne©dÎd‘²'Cnm{Y…, à^m`m§ gmÜ`mì`mnH$ËdmV². VÌm{n AZwX² yV… ñnem} ApñV B{V MoV²,Z, ‘mZm^mdmV², ñne©dX²-d¥{ÎmËdm{X-{ddjm`m… àmJwŠVarË`m An{jßVËdmV².ê $ndËd oZ VËgmYZ o Ëd½J « mh ²`Ëdñ` Cnm{YËdmV ² . A{nM ""ê$n §n¥{Wì`m{XÌ`mH$meoVa-d¥Î`Ë`ÝVm^md-à{V`mo{J, dm`wñne}Va-~{h[apÝÐ`-J«mh² {deofJwUËdmV², JÝYm{XdV², eãXmo ê$ng‘mZm{YH$aU…, VmÑe{deofJwUËdmX²agm{XdV².'' "ÐdËdmgm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`‘²' Cnm{Y… B{V MoX², {df‘ì`mnH$ËdmV²àb`H$mbrZ-VoO…na‘mUwfw gmÜ`mì`mnH$ËdmV² Mo{V. ZM *{d wËd-{Z…ñne©Ëdmä`m§gËà{Vnj…* B{V dmÀ`‘², AmÚo ñne©dÎdñ`, {ÛVr o doJdÎdñ` Cnm{YËdmV².ZM *CnmYo… gËà{VnjmoËWmnH$V`m gËà{Vnjo Z XyfH$Ëd‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘²,CnmYo… hoËdm^mg{ÌV`moËWmnH$V`m {ZU©`mV². CnmYo… ì`{VaoH$mong§hmaogËà{VnjmoËWmnH$ËdoZ àgÁ`Vm§ XyfH$Ëd§, àH¥$Vo VX^mdoZ Vñ`m… XyfH$ËdmV²M, EVoZ AmH$meñ` ê$ndÎdo {gÕo àË`j{g{Õ… AàË yh¡d.

ñ`mX ² EVV ² *Mjw [a pÝÐÒÝ`-Ðì`gmjmËH$ maËdmdpÀN >ÝZ o‘hÎdg‘mZm{YH$aU-ê$ndÎdñ` H$maUËdmV² {d`{V M àË`jn[anpÝWZ…na‘‘hÎdñ` gÎdmV² H$W§ VËàË`j‘²* B{V MoX²? CÀ`Vo, bmKdoZ AUwn[a‘mUoVa-n[a‘mU-g‘mZm{YH$aU-ê$ndÎdñ ¡d à`moOH$ËdmV². ""njr Mb{V'' - ""ZBh njr''- ""Bh njr'' BË`m{XàË``mZm‘{n {d`ËàË`jgmYH$Ëd‘² CnnÚVo.AmbmoH$‘ÊS>b{df`ËdoVw VXnJ‘o@{n VWmàË``mZmn{Îm…, "Bh' B{V {ZX}emZwnn{Îm…M. VX²^yXoemoÜd©^mJmZwJ‘oZ àË``ñ` Xoe{df`ËdmnmXZ§ àË`{^km{Zd©hU§ MA{Zd©hU‘od VX² Cno{jV‘² B{V Ab§ {dñVaoU. BË od§ AmH$meñ` ê$ndÎd§gmY`{V ñ‘.

{gÕmÝVñVw : Z AmH$meo ê$n§, Cn[a Zrb§ ní`V… ""AmH$me§ ní`m{‘''BË od àË``mV². ""Zrb§ Z^… ní`m{‘'' BË`Ìm{n Z Jw{UËdoZ Z^gmo ^mZ§,JwUËdoZ ZrbgÎdo ‘mZm^mdmV². KQ>mXm¡ nmH$m{XZm ê$nnamdÎm©Zo VpÝZîR>ZrbmXo…JwUËd{ZíM oZ àH¥$Vo d¡bjÊ`mV². ZM *""dm w{^ÝZËdo g{V ‘hÎdmV² n¥{WdrdX²''*

BË`mÚZw‘mZoZ VpËg{Õ…, ""Zrê$n… na‘‘hÎdmV² AmË‘m{XdX²'' B{V àË`Zw‘mZoZgËà{VnjËdmV². Zm{n ""dm w{^ÝZËdo g{V ~{h[apÝÐ`-J«mh² -{deofJwUËdmX²''BË`ZoZ, VÌ ñne©dÎdñ` Cnm{YËdmV². ZM *Vñ` à^m`m§ gmÜ`mì`mnH$Ëd‘²*

B{V dmÀ §, Vñ`m… JwUËdoZ ê$ndÎdm^mdmX² AXmofmV², n¥{Wì`m{XÌ`{^ÝZËdmX²BË`ZoZ gËà{VnjËdmV² M. ZM *AÌ dm w{^ÝZËdo g{V {ZpîH«$`Ëd‘² Cnm{Y…*

B{V dmÀ`§, Vñ` ‘Z{g gmÜ`mì`mnH$ËdoZ AZwnm{YËdmV². AV… nwamUmXm¡VoOmo{deofJwUËdoZ¡d ê$nñ` {Zê$nUmX² AmH$meo VXwnJ‘mo Z àm‘m{UH$…. ZM*""`X² Yy‘«§ VX² dm`mo… `X² Zrb§ VX² Z^g…'' ( ) B{V lw{V{gÕËdmV² Z VWm*

B{V dmÀ`§, Vñ`m… VX²-XodVmê$n-naËdoZm{n CnnÎmo…. AÝ`Wm dm`md{nYy‘«dUm©nÎmo…. ZM *""I§ H$mH$mÊS>m^Jmojm^‘²'' ( ) B{V d¥pîQ>bjUofwÁ`mo{Vd©MZmV² Z Ed‘²* B{V dmÀ §, ""`Xmnm. o.29 H$‘©gw H$må ofw pñÌ § ñdßZofwní`{V, g‘¥qÕ VÌ OmZr`mV² Vpñ‘Z² ñdßZ{ZXe©Zo'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.5&2&8) B{VlwË`m ñdßZñ` {g{ÕgyMH$ËddV² VmÑe «‘ñ` d¥pîQ>gyMH$Ëdo@{n dMZmonnVo….Vñ‘mX² AmH$meo ê$nàVr{V… ^«mÝVmEd. ZM *CŠVarË`m ^«‘hoVmo… {Zd©ŠVw‘²AeŠ`ËdmV² Z BX§ gmåàV‘²* B{V dmÀ §, ê$ndX²-Ðì`J«mhH$ñ` Mjwfmo, ‘Ü oê$ndX²-Ðì`m^mdoZ, XyaJ‘Zo AmH$meo Zrb{‘d Ñí`V-B{V Mjwagm‘Ï ©Xmofñ ¡d

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hoVwËdmV². ZM *VÌ ê$ndVm§ gy ©{H$aUmZm‘od gËdmV² H$W§ ê$ndX²-Ðì`m^md…*

B{V dmÀ §, Vofm§ {dabËdoZ A`mo½`V`m VËgÎmm`mA{n A^mdH$ënËdmV². AÝ`Wm""N>m`m`m§ gm{M {VîR>Vmo…'' ( ) BË`mÚg§b½ZmZm‘{n Vofm§ Xe©Zàg“mV². ZM*gmd©OZrZËdmV² Z A`§ ^«‘…* B{V dmÀ`§, XohmË‘^«‘dX² CnnÎmo…. `mo{JZm§VX^mdmX² Agmd©OZrZ… g B{V MoV², Vwë §, H${nbmXrZm‘od VWmdMZmV². EVoZ¡dAJ«o ~mYm^mdmo@{n àË wŠV…. *ZZw Ed§ g{V gm‘rß o Zrb «‘mnm{Îm…* B{V MoV²,Z, XyaËdñ`m{n ghH$m[aËdmV². ZM *{d^m¡ XyaËd‘² AZwnnÝZ‘²* B{V dmÀ §, ""VX²Xyao VXw ApÝVHo$'' (B©em.Cn.5) B{V lwVm¡ {d^wÝ`{n ~«÷{U VX“rH$mamX²,AÌm{n CnnÎmo…, àXoeXyaËdñ` eŠ`dMZËdmV² M. {H$ÄM JÝYd©ZJadX² AmH$meoVmÑedñVwgm‘Ï`m©X{n VmÑe^«‘monn{Îm…. ZM *AmH$meñ` AVrpÝÐ`ËdmV²VX{YH$aUH$‘« m`moJ…* B{V dmÀ §, dñVwgm‘Ï }Z Vñ`m{n EopÝÐ`H$ËdmV². AÝ`WmH$mbdX² AdH$meñ`m{n AàË``mnÎmo…. *ZZw dñVwgm‘Ï`m©V² à‘¡d Hw$Vmo ZA"r{H«$`Vo B{V MoV², nwamUmXm¡ ê$nmZwŠVo… B{V dXm‘…. V{h© AdH$meàË``mo@{n«‘mo AñVw* B{V MoV², Z, ~{haÝVì ©dhma{df`Ëdñ` yVmZm§ {N>ÐXmV¥Ëdñ` M

emñÌoU¡d CŠVËdmV². Vñ‘mX² dñVwgm‘Ï ©OÝ`Ëdm{deofo@{n ""AmH$meo Zrbê$n§àË o{‘'' BË od àVr{V… «mÝVm, ZVw ""Zrbm{^ÝZ‘² AmH$me§ ní`m{‘-AmH$me§dm ní`m{‘'' B{V. EVoZ AmH$meo gd©Xm gyú‘Zrb‘oKgËd‘² A“rHw$d©ÝVmo@{n{ZañVm ko m…. Ed‘od AÝYH$maàVr{Va{n ko m. Vñ`m{n nXmWm©ÝVaËdmV². `WmBX§ VWm AÝYH$madmXo ànpÄMV{‘{V Z nwZ… ànÄÀ`Vo.

VoZ EVV² {gÕ§ : Mjw… ñdgm‘Ï`}Z AmH$me§ Z J¥†m{V AmH$me‘odVwñdgm‘Ï }Z ñdmË‘mZ§ J«mh`{V JÝYd©ZJadV² {nemMdV² M B{V {XH²$. EVoZ¡dAmH$meà{V{~å~-VËàVrVr-A{n ì`m»`mVo ko o. Añ`M eãXEd {deofJwU…,""Vñ` ‘mÌm JwU… eãX…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&25) B{V dmŠ`mV². {deofJwUËd§H$maUo AZwX² yVËdo g{V ñdpñ‘Z²{Q>.1 CX² yVJwUËd‘². B{V AmH$me….

2.dm w…AW dm w…. VëbjUÝVw ""Aê${nËdo g{V (1)MmbZ-(2) ì yhZ-(3)ÐìèãXJÝYZ`Z-(4) gd}pÝÐ`~bXmZm»`H$m ©H$Ëd‘²'' EH$‘od. VX² CŠV§-

""MmbZ§ ì yhZ§ àmpßVZ}V¥Ëd§ ÐìèãX`mo…&

gd}pÝÐ`mUm‘mË‘Ëd§ dm`mo… H$‘m©{^bjU‘²&&''(^mJ.nwam.3&26&27) B{V.

VÌ MmbZ§ emImXo…, ì yhZ§ n{VVV¥UmXo…, dmË` ¡d{Q>.2 ‘obZ§, àmpßV…JÝYñ`K«mUàmnU§, Ðì`Z`Z§ M Ðì`ñ` nQ>mXo… AÝ`Ì Z`Z§, eãXZ`ZÝVw nyd©‘² Cnnm{XV§,gd}fm‘² BpÝÐ`mUm§ ~bXíM A`‘², EVX^mdo {H$‘{n BpÝÐ § H$m ©j‘§ Z dVr{V.EdÄM àmUê$nmo@{n g§J¥hrVmo ko`:. Añ`M ñnem} {deofJwU…, eãXíMH$maUmÝd`mV², VoZ A § {ÛJwU….

VX² CŠV§-""Z^gmo@W {dHw$dm©UmX² A yV² ñne©JwUmo@{Zb…&namÝd`mÀN>ãXdm§íM àmUAmoO… ghmo ~b‘²&&''

(^mJ.nwam.2&5&26) B{V.

A`ÄM ‘r‘m§gH$‘Vo ËdMm àË`j…. `Wm Amhþ… : ‘hXwX² yVñne©dX²-Ðì`ËdoZ¡d ËdMmo `mo½`Vm bmKdmX². CX² yVê$nñ` àdoeo Jm¡admnÎmo…. AVmo

1 .{dd{jVo B{V AW©… (H$). 2. dmVmZm§ g‘yhmo dmË`m ""dmVm{Xä`…`…''(í`m).

Ðì`MmjwfÎdmdÀN>oXoZ¡d CX²^yVê$nhoVwVm bmKdmX² C{MVm. EdÄMgmd©OZrZàVr{Va{n AZwHy$bm ^d{V B{V. B{V dm w….

4.VoO…AW VoO…. Vñ`M ""(1)àH$meZ-(2)nmMZ-#B(3)#AnmZ-(4){h‘‘X©Zm-(5)@XZ-(6)emofUm»`- fQ²>-H$m ©H$Ëd§'' gm‘mÝ`bjU‘².

VX² CŠV§-""ÚmoVZ§ nMZ§ nmZ‘² AXZ§ {h‘‘X©Z‘²&VoOgmo d¥V`ñËdoVm… emofU§ jwV² V¥So>d M&&''

(^mJ.nwam.3&26&40) B{V.

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VÀM VÎdê$nEd à{gÕ‘². ~«÷mÊS>mÝV…ñWoVw "AÝ`Vad¥{ÎmH$Ëd§'bjU‘² B{V ko ‘². VoZ MÝÐmXmd{n ObH¥$Vmo Z CîUñnem©{^^d….VÌ ÚmoVZ§ àH$meZ§ gy m©Xo[ad. nmMZ‘² Am¡X ©dôZo…, nmH$H$aU§ dm~{hd©ôZo…, ’$bmXo… gy ©ñ`m{n. nmZ§ ObmXo…. AXZ‘² AÝZmXo… BX‘{nAm¡X ©ñ ¡d. {h‘‘X©Z§ {h‘XyarH$aU‘². emofU§ M AZw‘o § {h‘dmædnoj`mAmVno dñÌm{Xfw ObmH$f©Uñ` e¡¿a²çmV². EVoZ¡d {gH$VmIn©amXm¡ì`{^Mma… n[aöVmo ~moÜ`…. nmZ‘² AXZ§ M AÝV…àdoeê$nËdmX² EH$‘od.VoZ nÄM¡d d¥Îm`…. jwÎm¥fm¡ M VoOmoê$noEd. VoZ MoVZH$V¥©H$Ëdo@{nnmZmXZ`mo… Z VoO…H$m ©Ëdhm{Z…. Añ`M ê$n§ {deofJwU…. eãXñnem£MH$maUmÝd`mV². VoZ {ÌJwU‘².

VX² CŠV§-""CXnÚV VoOmo d¡ ê$ndV² ñne©eãXdX²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&27)B{V. B{V VoO….

4.Ob‘² AW Ob‘². Vñ`M ""(1)ŠboXZ-(2){nÊS>Z-#B(3)#AV¥pßV-(4)àmUZm-(5)@ß`m`Z-(6)àoaU-(7) VmnmnZmoXZ-(8)^y`ñËdm-@@»`mîQ>-

H$m ©H$Ëd§'' gm‘mÝ`bjU‘². VX² CŠV§-

""ŠboXZ§ {nÊS>Z§ V¥pßV… àmUZmß`m`ZmoXZ‘²&VmnmnZmoXmo y ñËd‘å^gmo d¥Îm`pñËd‘m…&&''

(^mJ.nwam.3&26&43).

VÀM VÎdê$no H$m }@{n M g‘‘². ŠboXZ§ AmÐuH$aU§ dñÌmXo…,{nÊS>Z§ g§J«h…, MyUu yVmZm§ {nÊS>VmgånmXZ§ `Wm gŠVyZm‘², V¥pßV…jwXm{X{Zd¥Î`m nwéfñ` gÝVn©U§, wŠËdm{n Obo AnrVo V¥ßVmo Z dVr{V.àmUZ§ OrdZ‘², Amß`m`Z§ àmUgÝVn©U‘², àoaUÄM àdmhmXm¡, àdmhoZ¡dnXmWm©… Zr`ÝVo Hy$bm{X… M nmË`Vo. VmnmnZmoX… à{gÕ…, y ñËd‘²

EH$pñ‘Z² Xoeo gOmVr`àMwañ ¡d AdñWmZ§, `Ûm `Ì Amn… à{depÝVVX² y mo dVr{V.

Ed§ K¥VV¡bmXm¡ `V² ŠboXH$Ëd§ g§J«mhH$Ëd§ M Ñí`Vo gmo@{n ObY‘©Ed.dôÝ`m{Xg§gJ}U na‘² A{^ì`Á`Vo H$m`©ñ` nmÄM^m¡{VH$ËdmV². VoZ ZA{Vì`mpßVeL²H$mboe…. Vofw Obì`dhmam^mdñVw yVmÝVaH¥$V-à{V~ÝY-{Z~ÝYZ…H$aH$mpñdd. H$aH$mñd{n H$m{R>Ý`àVr{V… Z ^«mÝVm, VÌ Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ñ` Vñ`gÎdmV². ÑË od A{Ve¡Ë oZ g§éÕo dm`m¡ Obñ` {nÊS>Zo H$aH$moËnÎmo…. AVEd{h‘mb`monË`H$m-JV-J§Jmàdmhmon[a nwéfm… nX²ä`m§ nÚÝVo. AÝ`Wm ‘ÁOo waod.erVH$mboM {Zdm©Vo {‘{hH$m`m‘² Aå^{g {Z{e ñWm{nVo àmVíM VÁObnmÌoAYmo‘wIo H¥$Vo@{n Z VÁObñ` nmV…, Nw>[aH$`m {dXm © ’$bdX² Obñ` jU‘{n‘Ü`XoerÒZmZw dJmoMa… B{V {XH²$. Añ`M {deofJwUmo ag…. eãXñne©ê$nm{UnamÝd`mV². VoZ BX§ MVwJw©U‘².

VX² CŠV§-""VoOgñVw {dHw$dm©UmX² AmgrX² Aå^mo agmË‘H$‘²&ê$ndV² ñne©dV² Mmå^mo KmofdÀM namÝd`mX²&&''(^mJ.nwam.2&5&28)B{V. B{V Ob‘².

5.n¥ÏdrAW {j{V…. VëbjUÝVw-""^mdZ§ ~«÷U… ñWmZ§ YmaU§ g{ÛeofU‘²&gd©gÎdJwUmoX² oX… n¥{Wdrd¥{ÎmbjU‘²&&''

(^mJ.nwam.3&26&46)B{V dmŠ`mV².

"^mdZm{XnÄMd¥{ÎmH$Ëd§' emñÌo CŠV§ VWm{n àH¥$Vo ì`dhmamon`mo½òd{dñVa{^`m {ddoÀ`Vo. dmŠ`ì`m»`mZ§(Vw) gw~mo{YÝ`m§{Q>.1 Ðï>ì`‘². VÌ ""ê$ndÎdog{V gmjmV² gd©OJÕmaH$Ëd‘²'' B{V EH§$ bjU‘². H$mbm{XdmaUm` "gË`'ÝV…,AmdaUVÎddmaUm` "gmjmX²' B{V. ""AmYmaËdo g{V gd©VÎdì`mdV©H$Ëd§'' dm.Z{h H$mð>m{XH§$ {dZm dpôZ… Am{d ©d{V, Zdm n¥{Wdt {dZm g‘wÐm{X…, Zdm

249 250

ìÒZm{XH§$ {dZm dm`w…, Zdm JÎmm©{XH§$ {dZm AmH$me…. Zdm eara§ {dZmgd}pÝÐ`m{XH$‘² AmË‘m M Am{d ©d{V B{V gdªgwñW‘².

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw *nmH$OmZwîUmerVñne©dVr n¥{Wdr* B{V Amhþ….

‘wŠVmdbrH$mañVw *""JÝYdVr n¥{Wdr{Q>.2'' B{V bj{`Ëdm nmfmUmXm¡Aì`mpßVdmaUm` ""`X² Ðì`§ `X²Ðì`Üd§gOÝ`§ VV² VXwnmXmZmonmXo`‘²''(Ý`m.{g.‘w.H$m[a.35)* B{V ì`mpßV§ X{e©VdmZ². VXW©ñVw : `X²Ðì`§"nmfmU^ñ‘m'-

1. gVm§ gd}fm‘od VÎdmZm§ {deofoU ì`mdV©H$‘² Ad`d yV§ dm. H$mð>mXm¡Ap½Z§ àH$Q>rH¥$Ë` BVaì`md¥qÎm OZ`{V. BVaWm VoOg… ñdê$n‘od Šdm{n ZA{^ì`ŠV{‘{V Hw$V… ì`md¥{Îm… ^doV². Ed§ Ob‘{n ñdmÝVJ©V§ agê$n§ ZÚmXm¡àH$Q>rH¥$Ë` àXe©`{V. Ed§ ìÒZm{XZm dm`w§, JVm©{XZm AmH$me§, earamXm¡Ah§H$mam{Xgdm©Ê od BpÝÐ`m{U AmË‘mZ§ M. (gw~mo.3&26&46)(í`m). 2. `Ú{n‘wŠVmdë`m§ "JÝYg‘dm{`H$maU‘²' BË od bjU‘² Cnbä`Vo VWm{n ""`Ú{nJÝYdÎd‘mÌ§ bjU‘² C{MV§ VWm{n n¥{WdrËdOmVm¡ à‘mUmonÝ`mgm` H$maUËd‘²CnÝ`ñV‘²'' B{V CŠË`m ""JÝYdVr n¥{Wdr'' B{V bjU‘{n VX{^‘V‘odo{VBËW§ {Zê$nU‘²(í`m).

@@»`Ðì`§ `X²Ðì`Üd§gOÝ`§ "nmfmUm'@@»`Ðì`Üd§gOÝ`§ VX² ^ñ‘VXwnmXmZmonmXo`§ nmfmUmonmXmZ^yVm… ò Ad`dm… VXwnmXo`‘² B{V. AZ`mMì`mßË`mnmfmUmaå^Ho$fw {gÕo JÝYo VËH$m } nmfmUo@{n ApñV AZwX² yVmo JÝYB{VZ bjUì`{^Mma… B{V.

VX² A{dMmaMmé, nmfmUÜd§gOÝ`ËddX² dpôZÜd§gOÝ`Ëdñ`m{n ^ñ‘{ZgÎdmV² nmfmUmonmXmZmonmXo ËddX² dôÝ wnmXmZmonmXo Ëdñ`m{n eŠ`dMZËdmV²,g{V dôZm¡ ^ñ‘mgå^dmV². VWm g{V dôZmd{n AZwX²^yV-JÝYmn{Îm…ì`mpßVì`{^Mmamo dm B{V. ZM *"CX² yVê$ndX²-`X²Ðì`Üd§g-OÝ`Ëd‘²' AÌ{dd{jV§, VWmM dpôZÜd§gOÝ`Ëdo@{n AZwX²^yVê$nÐì`-Üd§gOÝ`Ëd§, ZVw

CX² yVê$nVÕ‰§g-OÝ`Ëd‘², CX² yVê$no Vpñ‘Z² ÜdñVo@{nnm. o.30 ñ‘m^mdmV². XmMAZwX² yVê$nmonm. o.31@{n Üdñ`Vo VX¡d ^ñ‘mo ^dVr{V Z ì`{^Mma…* B{V dmÀ §,VWm{n X½YH$H©$ao ì`{^MmamV². CØÿVê$ndpôZÜd§gEd X½YVmgå^dmV², g{VdôZm¡ "A“ma'ì`dhmamV². Obm{XgoHo$Z AZwX²^yVVX²Üd§goVw ^ñ‘Vmgå^dmV².AVmo Xwdm©a… VÌ ì`{^Mma….

`Îmw *VoOmo@d`dmZm§ {dOmVr`Ðì § à{V AZwnmXmZËdmX² AÌ "CnmXmZ'nXo"{dOmVr`monmXmZVm' {dd{jVm, AVmo AÌ {ddjm§ {dZ¡d {Zdm©h…* B{V (CŠV§),VV² Z, gwdU©ê$n§ {dOmVr`Ðì § à{V VoOmo@d`dmZm‘od CnmXmZËdmV². AV… Ed§dŠVì` § ""`X ² {Z…ñZ oh § J wéÐì` § {Z…ñZ ohJ wéÐì`Üd §gOÝ` § VX ²{Z…ñZohJwê$nmXmZmonmXo`‘²''; AWdm, ""`X² JÝYdX²Ðì`‘² BVaÜd§gOÝ`§ VV²ñdgOmVr`monmXmZmonmXo ‘²'' B{V. Ed§ ^ñ‘maå^H$md`dofw JÝY{gÕm¡ VXwnmXo onmfmUo@{n gmOmË`mX² AZwX² yVJÝY{g{Õ… d{V. VWm{n B §Z AgËH$m ©dm{XZm‘²Cn`mo{JZr. Ad`dofw AgÝZod JÝYmo {Z{‘ÎmdemX² ñ‘Ý od CËnÚVo, VËàmJ^mdñ`VÌ gÎdmV², H$nmbofw KQ>dV², {ÛVr`jUo JwUdX²-B{V. AV… BX‘{n VÝ‘V‘²AnmHw$d©V² gËH$m ©dmX‘od ñWmn`Vr{V gwg‘{W©V§ ñd‘V‘² B{V {XH²$.

Añ`míM {deofJwUmo JÝY…, eãXñne©ê$nagmñVw H$maUmÝd`mV².

VX² CŠV§-""{deofñVw {dHw$dm©UmX² Aå‘gmo JÝYdmZ yV²&namÝd`mX² agñne©eãXê$nJwUmpÝdV…&&''

(^mJ.nwam.2&5&29) B{V

VoZ B § nÄMJwUm B{V. B{V n¥{Wdr.

gm¡JVmñVw *ê$nm{Xì`{V[aŠV§ Ðì § Zm‘ Z {H$pÄMX² Cnb^m‘ho. ZM Vñ`Cnbå^H$‘² ApñV, MjwamXrZm§ ê$nm{Xîdod CnjrUËdmV². JÝYê$nagñne©g§KmV…n¥{Wdr, agê$nñne©g§KmV… Amn…, ê$nñne©g§KmV… VoO…, eãXñne©g§KmVmo dm w….Ed§ ê$nm{Xg§KmV oXmXod n¥{Wì`m{X{d^mJmo Z Ðì § Zm‘ {H$pÄMX²* B{V Amhþ….

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VX² AÝ o Z ghÝVo. `Wm Amh emñÌXr{nH$mH$ma… *AmJ‘mnm{`ê$nm{Xfw`X² AZnm{` àË`{^km`Vo VX² Ðì`‘². Xe©Zñne©Zmä`mÄM Añ` J«hU§ àË`{^kmM : `Wm ~Xa’$b§ í`m‘mdñWm`m§ aŠVmdñWm`m§ M, `Wm ÚQ>{nÊS>H$nmbmdñWmgw‘¥Ô«ì`‘². ApñV{h VÌ {nÊS>mÚdñWm oXo í`m‘aŠVê$n oXo@{n Ðì`àË`{^km :""‘¥X² B § {nÊS>mdñWm‘² Anhm` ÚQ>mdñWm gÄOmVm''-""gm í`m{‘‘mZ§ Ë`º$‰mnŠdm gVr Aé{U‘mZ§ J¥hrVdVr''-""AZÝVa§ ÚQ>mdñWm‘{n Anhm` H$nm{bH$mgÄOmVm'' B{V. Ed§ VÝVwnQ>mÚdñWmñd{n Ðï>ì`‘².

AmhM-""Am{d^m©d{Vamo mdY‘©Ho$îdZw m{` `V²&VX² Y{‘© `Ì dm kmZ§ àm½Y‘©J«hUmX² ^doX²&&''

(íbmoH$dm{V©.1&1&4&152) B{V. VWmM `mÑe‘² Añ‘m{^… A{^{hV§ Ðì § VmÑeñ ¡d {h gd©ñ` JwUEd

{^ÚVo Z ñdê$n{‘{V VV² {gÕ§ Ðì`‘²* B{V.

AÌ AmH$mem{Xä`mo dmædmÚwËnÎ`“rH$mamV² lw{V{gÕmo {dOmVr`maå^H$VmdmXmoA“rH¥$Vmo ~moÜ`….

`Îmw *{dOmVr § Z {dOmVr`ñ` Amaå^H$‘²* B{V Z¡ m{`H$m{X‘V§, VÎmwCnoú §, VÝVwnQ>`moaod d¡OmË oZ ì`{^MmamV², VÝVwËdnQ>Ëd`mo… {^ÝZËdmV². Zm{nn¥{WdrËd-H$mnm©gËdm{XH$‘² AmXm` {Zdm©h…, {Z`m‘H$m^mdmV², Ðì`mX²JwUH$‘m}Ën{ÎmXe©ZmV² M, ñWybm½Zm¡ dm`moaod H$maUËdoZ Cnbå^mV² M. AÝ`WmVXd`d~mhþë`mZwnnÎmo…. VV… nydª nQ>o VÝVyZm{‘d dm`m¡ dôÝ`d`dmZm‘²AZwnbå^mV². EdÄM Jmo‘`mX² d¥píMH$mXo…, XodmV² ‘Zwî`mXo…, dmZamX² F$jmXo…,àË`jV… emñÌV… M {gÕm CËn{Îm[a{V VX²{déÕ§ VÝ‘V‘² B{V {XH²$. B{VyVmZm§ bjUm{Z.

BpÝÐ`mUm§ bjUm{Z :

AW BpÝÐ`mUm § bjUm{Z : VÌ ""1V¡Ogmh§H$mam onmX o`Ëdo g{V2kmZ{H«$`mÝ`VaH$aU‘² BpÝÐ`‘²''. KaÅ>`ÝÌm{X-{H«$`mOZH$-dmædm{XdmaUm`1"gË`'ÝV‘². àmU~w{ÕdmaUm` 2eof‘². ""Xohg§`wŠVËdo g{V ñd’$boZAmË‘kmnH$Ëd§'' dm. BX‘od ‘w» § bjU‘². gmjmX² ì wÀMaUo@{n g‘Ýd`mV²H$m{bH$mì`mßVo…{Q>.1 AXwï>ËdmV² M B{V.

‘r‘m§gH$mñVw ""`V² gåà wŠVo AW} {deXmd^mg§ kmZ§ OZ`{V VX² BpÝÐ`‘²''-Z¡`m{`H$mñV w ""eãX oVam oX ²^ yV{de ofJ wUmZml`Ëd o g{VkmZH$maU‘Z…g§`moJml`Ëd‘²'' Amhþ….

Vm{Z kmZopÝÐ`-H$‘}pÝÐ`- oXmX² {ÛYm. VÌ dmJmXr{Z nÄM

1. H$m{bH$… gå~ÝY…(H$).H$‘}pÝÐ`m{U, lmoÌmXr{Z nÄM kmZopÝÐ`m{U.

Z¡ m{`H$mñVw H$‘}pÝÐ`m{U AZ“rHw$d©ÝV…, lmoÌmXrZm§ nÄMmZm§ ^m¡{VH$Ëd‘²Amhþ…, VV² Z, gmjmV² g¥ï>m¡ ^JdVEd BpÝÐ`moËn{ÎmlwVo… ""EVñ‘mX² Om`Vo àmUmo‘Z… gd}pÝÐ`m{U M I§ dm`wÁ`m}{Vamn… n¥{Wdr {dídñ` Ym[aUr''(‘wÊS>.Cn.2&1&3) B{V. H«$‘g¥ï>m¡M Amh§H$m[aH$ËdlwVo…, ‘yT>^yVm§eËdoZkmZH$aUËdmZwnnÎmo… M. ""Am{XË`§ d¡ MjwJ©ÀN>{V''{Q>.1 BË`m{XZm XodVmgwVëb`ldUmV² M. AÝ`Wm XodVm‘² AZmÑË` na‘mUw mdEd CÀ oV.

Ho${MÎmw BpÝÐ`m{U {ZË`m{Z Amhþ…, VX{n EVoZ¡d AnmñV‘².

AÝ oVw ""JmobH$mZm§ Ñí`ËdmX² BpÝÐ`mUm‘² EopÝÐ`H$Ëd‘²'' Amhþ…, VX{nAg“V§, {N>ÝZH$U©ñ` eãXldUmZwnnÎmo…, Zï>{b“Mjwf… MmjwfmnÎmo… M. AVmo""ê$nmÚwnbpãY… H$aUgmÜ`m, {H«$`mËdmV²nm. o.32 {N>{X{H«$`mdX²'' BË`ZoZ BpÝÐ`mUm§

253 254

H$aUËdoZ ê$noU {gÕm¡ JmobH§$ Z H$aU‘², CŠVarË`m AÝd`ì`{VaoH$ì`{^MmamX²BË od§ JmobH$m{V[aŠVopÝÐ`{gÕm¡ Vñ` AVrpÝÐ`Ëd‘² Adgr`Vo.

AnaoV w ""EH$‘od BpÝÐ`§, ì`m{nH$m`m… ËdMEd VÎmXdÀN> oX oZVÎmÁkmZOZH$ËdmV², H¥$V‘² BpÝÐ`mÝVaoU'' B{V Amhþ…, VX{n Z, Cnm{Y oX-epŠVôX`mo… H$ënZmnÎmo…, ""gd}pÝÐ`m{U M'' (‘wÊS>.Cn.2&1&3) B{Vlm¡V~hþdMZ~mYmnÎmo… M. ZM *H«$‘g¥ï>m¡ EH$ñ‘mV² V¡OgmV² H$W§ ZmZm{dYopÝÐ`moËn{Îm…gå^d{V* B{V dmÀ §, ^Jd{XÀN>mghH¥$VmV² Vñ‘mV² VXZwgmaoU JwUn[aUm‘ oXoXohñ` AdñWmZ oXoZod Vñ`m{n {^ÝZmdñWËdoZ ZmZm{dYmoËn{Îmgå^dmV², AVmo Z{H$pÄMX² AZwnnÝZ‘².

Vm{ZM EH$mXe AUy{Z M, VX² Cnnm{XV‘² A{damoYMVwW©nmX(~«.gy.

1. ""...Aß o{V...Mjw… Am{XË`‘²'' B{V nmR> oXoZ (~¥h.Cn.3&2&13)(í`m).^m.2&4&13-16)^mî o {ZË`m{Z M BË`{n.

‘m`mdm{XZñVw ""A{ZË`Ëd§ ‘Ü`‘ n[a‘mUËd§ ^m¡{VH$Ëd§ M'' Amhþ…,VX{n VÌ¡(~«.gy.^m.à.2&4&13-14)d {ZañV§, XodVm{YpîR>VËdmXod MñdH$m ©j‘Ëd‘². AVmo Z ËdMmo ì`mnH$ËdH$ënZ‘{n wŠV§, Mjwfmo J‘ZmXoa{nVVEd CnnÎmo… BË`{n VÌ¡d(~«.gy.^m.à.2&4&13-14).

H$‘}pÝÐ`m{U : VÌ ""ì`dhmaOZH$‘² BpÝÐ §.''

(1)""dpôZXodVmH$‘² BpÝÐ § dm dmH²$''.(2)""{eënOZH$‘² BpÝÐ`‘²''/""BÝÐXodVmH$‘² BpÝÐ § dm Xmo…''.(3)""AmZÝXOZH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/""àOmn{VXodVmH$‘² BpÝÐ § dm

‘oT´>§''.(4)""J{VOZH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/""{dîUwXodVmH$‘² BpÝÐ § dm A{L²>K«…''.

(5)""{dgJ©OZH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/""{‘ÌXodVmH§$ BpÝÐ § dm nm w…''.

JmobH$m{Z Efm§ à{gÕm{Z. EVmdmZ² na§ {deof… : Xmoam{XMVwîH$‘²AÝ`XodVmnm. o.33dÀN>oXoZm{n H$m ª OZ`{V, AÝ`Wm ‘ëb{dÚmHw$ebmZm§ IÄOmZm§M hñVmå`m§ MbZ§, {df opÝÐ`g§ moJmV² Mjwam{Xfw AmZÝX…, nX²ä`m§ Vmbm{XdmXZ§,ZoÌmä`m‘² Alw…, earao M ñdoXamo‘hfm©X`mo Z ñ w…. dm{JpÝÐ`ÝVw Z VWm B{V. B{VnÄMH$‘}pÝÐ`m{U.

kmZopÝÐ`m{U AW kmZopÝÐ`m{U. VÌ-(1)""Z^moJwU{deofËdoZ eãXJ«mhH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/ ""{X½XodVmH§$

dm lmoÌ‘².''(2)""dm wJwU{deofËdoZ ñne©J«mhH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/ ""dm wXodVmH§$

dm ËdH²$.''

Ed‘² AJ«o@{n nm{W©dofw JÝYñ` gm‘mÝ`ËdmX² JÝYbjUo@{n Z {deofnXd¡`Ï`©‘².

(3)""JÝYJ«mhH$‘² BpÝÐ`‘²''/""ApídXodVmH§$ dm K«mU‘².''(4)""ê$nJ«mhH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/""gy ©XodVmH§$ dm Mjw….''(5)""agJ«mhH$‘² BpÝÐ §''/""déUXodVmH§$ dm agZ‘².''

EV of w AmÚ § bjU§ V ¥Vr`ñH$ÝYr`H${nbdmŠ`m oŠV § , {ÛVr` §{ÛVr`ñH$ÝYdmŠ`mZwgm[a B{V ~moÜ`‘². JmobH$m{Z Efm§ à{gÕm{Z.

EVmdmZ² {deof… : ËdŠMjwfr Ðì`ñ`m{n J«mhHo$ Z AÝ`m{Z B{VZ¡ m{`H$mX`…. Añ‘mH$ÝVw Z VWm B{V Cnnm{XV§ àË`j{dMmao.

255 256

EVm{Z Xem{n, amOgmä`m§ ~w{ÕàmUmä`m§ n[aJ¥hrVËdmX{n amOgm{Z, ZVwkmZOZH$m{Z gmpÎdH$m{Z, {H«$`mOZH$m{Z OS>n ©dgmZmV² Vm‘gm{Z.

VX² CŠV§-""V¡OgmZrpÝÐ`mÊ od kmZH$‘©‘`m{Z M'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&31)""kmZepŠV… {H«$`mepŠV~w©{Õ…àmUñVw V¡Og…'' (^mJ.nwam.2&5&31) B{V.

EVoZ ""gmpÎdH$‘² EH$mXeH§$ àdV©Vo d¡H¥$VmX² Ah§H$mamX²'' (gm§.à.gy.2&18)B{V àdMZgyÌmoŠV‘² AÌ Z A{^àoV‘² B{V km{nV‘².

EVofw : Mjw…lmoÌK«mUhñVnmXm… {ÛJmobH$m…, {Oôdm»`ÝVw JmobH§$ dm½agZmä`m‘²A{Y{ð>V§, nm ynñWm¡ EH¡$H$JmobH$m¡, ËdJ² ì`m{nH$m B{V.

EVofm§ Xodm… nyd©‘² CŠVm…, Vofm§ H$m ª {df`m{^ì`pŠV…. VX² CŠV‘² AmMm £…V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo ""AWm©{^ì`ÄOZ§ `V…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&5&30) BË`ñ` ì`m»`mZo-

""Xodm{Yð>mZì`{VaoHo$U Ho$dbmX² BpÝÐ`mV² eãXkmZm{XH§$ Z^dVr{V gm‘Ï`ª XodmZm‘od. BpÝÐ`mUm‘od gm‘Ï`ª H$ëßòV, `{XH$pënV§ emñÌ§ ñ`mX², `Wm{gÕ‘² AÌ CÀ`VB{V XodmYrZ¡d{df`àH$meZepŠV….''

(gw~mo.3&5&30) B{V.

kmZopÝÐ`m{U M dñVwàmß`àH$meH$mar{U.

gm¡JVmñVw ""lmoÌñ`m{n Aàmß`H$m[aËd‘²'' Amhþ….

VX² AÝ o Xyf`pÝV `Wm Amh emñÌXr{nH$mH$mamo *Aàmß`H$m[aËdo{hgpÝZH¥$îQ>{dàH¥$îQ>pñWVm¡ wJnV² eãX‘² Cnb o mVm‘². V`moñVw H«$‘oU CnbpãY…Z H$WpÄMX{n Aàmß`H$m[aËdo g‘W©{`Vw§ eŠ`m. {H$ÄM j{UH$mo dm eãX…ñWm`r dm? `{X j{UH$… àË`mgÝZ¡… J¥hrV‘mÌmo ZîQ>… H$W§ {dàH¥$îQ>¡… J¥h² oV?

ñWm{`ËdÝVw gm¡JVmZm‘² AZ{^‘V‘od. ñWm{`Ëdo àË`mgÝZmZm§ {MaH$mb§ ldU‘²AZwdV}V B{V. Vñ‘mV² Z Aàmß`H$m[aËd§ lmoÌñ` gå^d{V* B{V.

d¥ÎmoñVw Z ì`mnmaËd§ {H$ÝVw kmZmdñWmËd‘od B{V ì wËnm{XV§ nyd©‘². H$‘}pÝÐ ofwVwVÎmpËH«$ ¡d ì`mnma…, ""gd}fm‘mZÝXmZm‘² CnñW EH$m`Z‘²'' (~¥h.Cn.2&4&11)BË`m{XlwVo…. VÁOÝ`m ñWybeara{H«$`m M ’$b‘² B{V g§jon…. B{V BpÝÐ`m{U.

‘Z… AW ‘Z…. VÀM C^`mË‘H$‘² C^`H$m`©H$V¥ ©ËdmV², Vñ`M"g§H$ën{dH$ënmË‘H$Ëd§' ñdê$nbjU§, "H$m‘OZH$Ëd§' H$m`©bjU‘². EVX²AmÜ`mpË‘H§$ bjUÛ`‘², Am{YX¡{dH$ÝVw "A{ZéÕm{d^m©dñWmZËd§', ^m¡{VH$ÝVw""`mo{J{^… eZ¡… g§amÜ`Ëd‘²''. VX² CŠV§ ""`V² gL²H$ën{dH$ënmä`m§ dV©VoH$m‘gå^d…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&26&27) BË`m{XZm. EVñ` BpÝÐ`Ëd§ àË`jIÊS>Ed{dMm[aV‘². BXÄM Z BpÝÐ`‘² ""B{Ð oä`… namo h² Wm} h² W}ä`íM na§ ‘Z…''(H$R>mon.1&3&10) ""‘Z… gd}pÝÐ`m{U M'' (‘wÊS>.Cn.2&1&3) BË`m{XlwVo…,""‘Z…fð>mZrpÝÐ`m{U'' (^J.JrVm.15&7) B{V JdÛmŠ`ÝVw ""Ò‘mZnÄM‘m…...BS>m§ ^j`pÝV'' (e.n.~«m÷.2&4&4&25) BË`Ì AZ¥pËdŠËdo@{n Ò‘mZñ`nÄMËdg§»`mnyaH$ËddV² ‘Zg… fð>g§»`mnyaH$ËdoZm{n CnnÎmo…. ""BpÝÐ`mUm§‘ZíMmpñ‘'' (^J.JrVm.10&22) B{VVw ""ZjÌmUm‘² Ah§ eer''(^J.JrVm.10&21) B{VdV²#Bnm.ô.34#A {Z`m‘H$-ñd{d^y{V-H$WZ‘mÌ-na{‘{V Z VÁOmVr`Vm. AÝ`Wm ""kmZ§ kmZdVm‘² Ah‘²'' (^J.JrVm.10&38)B{V dmŠòZ kmZo@{n kmZdÎmmnmXZàg“mV². ""BpÝÐ`m{U Xe¡H§$ M''(^J.JrVm.13&5) BË`mXmd{n ì`dhmañVw BpÝÐ`{Z`m‘H$Ëd{Z~ÝYZ….{H«$`mkmZ‘`Ëdo "g§H$ën`m{n' B{V AZwì`dgm`mV² ñdJå § ‘Z…, ""AmË‘ZmAmË‘mZ§ dopËg'' BË`Ì AmË‘ZBd, Cnm{Y oXoZ EH$ñ`m{n ‘Zg… à‘o Ëdà‘mUËd`mo…CnnÎmo…. `moJOY‘©ghH¥$VoZ VoZ AVrpÝÐ`kmZo ñd{df`kmZñ` gwdMËdmV²,""AZmJV‘VrV§ M dV©‘mZ‘VrpÝÐ § {dàH¥$ï>§ ì`d{hV§ gå`H²$ ní`pÝV `mo{JZ…''(^mJ.nwam.10&61&21) B{V dmŠ`mV². """`m{‘' B{V ‘‘ ‘Zmo ApñV'' B{VA{^bmnmX{n VWm. EdÄM ""H$m‘… g§H$ënmo {d{M{H$Ëgm lÕm-AlÕm Y¥{V…-AY¥{V… õr… Yr… r… BË oVV² gdª ‘ZEd'' (~¥h.Cn.1&5&3) B{V lwVm¡ àH$madmMH$"B{V'eãXà`moJmV² H$m‘m{XVwë`m… gwIXw:Ià`ËZÛofmÑï>ñZohmÚm… AZwŠVmA{n‘ZgEd JwUm… ko`m… ZVw AmË‘Z…. empÊS>ëèVgyÌr`^mîòVw AZw‘mZ‘{n

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X{e©V§, VWm{h ""gwImX`mo Z gmjmX² AmË‘{dH$mam… AmË‘{Z àVr`‘mZËdmV²Jm¡aËdm{XdV², gwImÚwnbpãY… gH$a{UH$m {H«$`mËdmV² {N>{X{H«$`m{XdX²'' (? )BË`Ì bmKdmV² g‘dm oZ¡d H$aUOÝ`Ëd§ wÁ`Vo lmoÌOÝ`Ëd{‘d eãXñ` ""gwImX`…H$aUg‘doVm… K«mUmXrpÝÐ`-J«mh²`-JwUËdmV² ñne©eyÝòpÝÐ`J«mh²`JwUËdmX² dmeãXdX²''(? ) B{V.

emñÌmÝVaoVw ñ‘¥Ë`mÚZw‘o § ‘Z…, VÀM gH$beara-ì`m{n‘ZmoaWm{^‘m{ZH$-gwIXe©ZmX² ì`mnH$‘² B{V ‘r‘m§gH$m….

AÝ oVw H$aUËdmV² g{H«$`ËdmX² CËH«$‘Um{X(N>mÝXmo.Cn. 5&1&11) lwVo…""‘Zmo JÀN>{V'' B{V ì`dhmamV² M AUwn[a‘mU‘² Amhþ….

VÌm{n {ZË`‘² B{V AÕ©d¡Zm{eH$m… A{ZË`‘² B{V gm§»`mÚm….

{gÕmÝVoVw MÝÐXodVmH$ËdmV² ZmZm{H$aUem{b ""EVñ‘mX² Om`Vo''(‘wÊS>.Cn.2&1&3) ""VÝ‘Zmo@g¥OV'' ( ) B{V lwË`m OÝ`‘². ""VWm àmU…''(~«.gy.2&4&1) B{V A{YH$aUo Ordm{VXoeoZ AUwËdmXo… ì`dñWmnZmX²AUwn[a‘mU‘². Am{^‘m{ZH$gwI§nm. o.35 gm‘Ï`m©Xod CnnÚ‘mZ§ gV² Z AUwËd~mYH$‘².Vñ`M ê$nÛ`‘² AmÝVa§ ~mh² § M B{V àË`jIÊSo> kmZà{H«$`m`m‘od {Zê${nV‘².gm‘Ï`m©Xod Am{^‘m{ZH$m{XgwImonnÎmo… lwË ¡d AUwËdm{XH§$ {gÜ`{V B{V g§jon….Añ`m{n JmobH§$ öX`‘². B{V ‘Z….

B{V Aï>mqde{VVÎdbjUm{Z.({ZOhñVmja-{bpIVm "A' ‘mV¥H$m EVmdË od Cnbä`Vo.)

VÎdmÝVa{Zamgnyd©H$… H$maUH$mo{Q>{Zê$nUmong§hma… : *ZZw g§»`mXrZm§ JwUmZm§ gm‘mÝ`mXrZm§ M AÊS>g¥ï>o… nydª gÎdmV² H$W‘²

EVmdÝË od VÎdm{Z?* B{V MoX², An¥Wp½dÚ‘mZËdmX² B{V ~«y‘…. `Ì{h VÎdmZm‘²

CËn{Îm… CŠVm EH$mXeñH$ÝYmXm¡ VÌ Vofm§ earagÎdo@{n Z hñVnmXmXrZm§ `Wmn¥WJ² CpŠV… VWm g§»`mXrZm‘nr{V, {dÚ‘mZËdo@{n Voä`… n¥WJ² A{dÚ‘mZËdmV²Z VÎdmZm‘² Am{YŠ`‘². ñdì`mnmaoU H$m`m©OZZmV² Z H$maUËd‘{n.

dñVwVñVw d¡eo{fH$à{VnÝZmZm§ Ðì`mUm§ nydm}ŠVarË`m VÎdm{Xfw {ZdoemV²,MVw{dªe{VJwUofw eãXmXrZm § nÄMmZm § VÎdofw, n¥WŠËdñ` Am{d^m©do,g§`moJJwéËdÐdËdñZohmZm§ ñne}, ^mdZmg§ñH$mañ` kmZo, Y‘m©Y‘©`mo… H$‘©{UAÝV^m©dñ` Cnnm{XVËdmV², gm‘mÝ`ñ` AmH¥$Vm¡ ì`ŠVm¡ M ‘V oXoZ {ZdoemV²,{deofmUm‘² Aàm‘m{UH$Ëdñ` nXmW©IÊS>Zo {eamo‘{UZ¡d{Q>.1 {ZË`Ðì`mUm§ñdVmoì`md¥ÎmËdm"“rH$maoU Cnnm{XVËdmV², g‘dm`ñ` VmXmËåÈd doXmpÝV{^…AÝV^m©{dVËdmX², A^mdñ` M {Vamo mdeŠVm¡ nyd©‘² AÝV^m©{dVËdmV². g§»`m-n[a‘mU-{d^mJ-naËdmnaËd-~ w {Õ- g wIX w …I oÀN > m-Û of-à`ËZm…pñW{VñWmnH$g§ñH$madoJm»`m¡ g§ñH$mam¡ CËjonUmXr{Z nÄM H$‘m©{U MAd{eî`ÝVB{V Voîdod VÎdËd§ eL²Ho$V VXod An¥Wp½dÚ‘mZËdoZ n[a{•`VB{V ZH$mo@{n eL²H$mboe…. Vñ‘mX² Aï>mqde{Vaod VÎdm{Z. B{V H$maUH$mo{Q>….

(Am H$ I J K ‘mV¥H$mgw EVmdmZ² A§emo A{YH$… Cnbä`Vo)B{V àñWmZaËZmH$ao à‘o n[aÀN>oXo à‘o ê$n~«÷U… H$mo{Q>Ì`{Zê$nHo$

H$ëbmoboH$maUê$nH$mo{Q>{Zê$nH$mo {ÛVr`… Va“…

g‘mßV…

1. Xr{Y{VH$maoU lraKwZmW{eamo‘{UZm "nXmW©IÊS>Z'Zm‘Ho$ J«ÝWo.(í`m).

nmR>ôXmdbr 1. CÀ`ÝVo B{V A Am I 2. à‘wI B{V A J nmR>`mo…. 3. ""`Xm...nÄMamÌdmŠ`mV²'' A nmR>o ZmpñV emoY{ZH$m. 4. AmZÝXê$nm B{V Am I KnmR>ofw. AmZÝXepŠVê$nm B{V H$ J nmR>`mo…. 5. Zm‘mdYm © B{V Am I nmR>`mo….

259 260

Zm‘m ~^yd B{V H$ JnmR>`mo…. 6. {ÛVr`{‘{V B{V Am I nmR>`mo…. 7.""{ÛVr`ñH$ÝYo... JwU‘`r ‘m`m ^d{V'' BËòVmdmZ² A§emo Am emoY{ZH$m.VXZw{b{nH$‘©{U H$ J K nmR>ofw Am I nmR>`moa{n y mZ² n§pŠVH«$‘ì`Ë`mgmog§d¥Îm… J¥hrV… n§pŠVH«$‘ñVw J nmR>mZwamoYoZ. 8. Am{XgJm©{^àm § H$ënmÝVam{^àm §dm AVmo Z Xmof… B{V A Am nmR>`mo… H$ J K nmR>mñVw Ed‘od. 9. ""àW‘ñH$ÝYo...Ordm“rH$mamV² M'' B{V Am emoY{ZH$m H$ I J K nmR>ofw AZwdV©Vo. 10.’$bd¡ {YH$aÊ o B{V H$ ì`{V[aŠVofw Z Cnbä`Vo. 11. ’$bo B{V A nmR>… H$K nmR>`mo… Zmonbä`Vo. 12. Ñï>mWm©nÎ`m B{V A H$ J nmR>ofw Ñï>mWm©JË`m B{VAm I nmR>`mo… Ñï>mW©JË`m B{V K nmR>o. 13. Xod{deofm… B{V A H$ J Ed{deofm… B{V Am I K nmR>ofw. 14. ""AW©ñVw... ÛoYm CÀ`VB{V'' BË oVmdmZ§emoA nmR>o ZmpñV Am emoY{ZH$m H$ I J K nmR>ofw AZwdV©Vo. 15. dmÀ § B{V AmI K nmR>ofw. VÎd§ B{V H$ J nmR>`mo…. 16. Ed‘² B{V Am emoY{ZH$m H$ I JK nmR>ofw AZwdV©Vo. 17. Bh ""à{MVñ ¡d dm`mo… VXmaå^H$ËdmX² BË oVmdmZ§emoA ‘mV¥H$m`m§ {ZañVmo@{n Am H$ I J K gd}îd{n nwZénbä`Vo. 18. dm`m¡VwAZmaå^mXod B{V A ‘mV¥H$m`m§ {ZañVmo A§e… Am H$ I J K nwZénbä`Vo. 19.d¡eo{fH$m… B{V Am emoY{ZH$m. 20. "ñdg‘' BË`Ì "ñd^mdoZ' B{V AmemoY{ZH$m. 21. JwéËd...B{V Am emoY{ZH$m. K Cnbä`Vo. 22. {Ûd¥{ÎmËdoZB{V A H$ I nmR>ofw. 23. àmÀ`m§ B{V A Am I nmR>ofw àVrÀ`m§ B{V H$ J KnmR>ofw. 24. ÐìÒÝ o B{V Am emoY{ZH$m. 25. VÌm{n B{V Am I nmR>`mo….26. {ZJ©‘m{ZJ©‘...B{V A Am I {dgaUm{dgaU... B{V H$ J K nmR>ofw. 27.ì`ÄOH$mg§ moJmX² B{V H$ J K ì`ÄOH$g§ moJmX² B{V A Am I nmR>ofw. 28.ê$ndXÝË`md`d...B{V A Am I J K ê$ndX§emd`d... B{V H$ nmR>o. 29.`Xm B{V gd}îd{n nmR>ofw J¥hrVñVw à{gÕ… nmR>…. 30. B§Jmbgå^doZ B{V AmemoY{ZH$m. 31. AZwX² yVê$nmo@{n B{V H$ J K nmR>ofw A Am I nmR>ofw Zmonbä`Vo.32. Bh"{N>{X{H«$`mËdmX²' B{V AÝVJ©Sw>eãXmonbpãY… A Am J K gdm©ñd{n‘mV¥H$mgw. 33. AÝ`XodVmdÀN>oXoZ B{V H$ J K nmR>ofw, AÝ`XoemdÀN>oXoZ B{VA Am I nmR>ofw. 34. B{VdX² B{V H$ I B{V VV² B{V Am K nmR>`mo….35.Am{^‘m{ZH$gwI"{Zê${nV§' B{V J nmR>o A{YH$‘².

Ÿ&&Ÿà_o o H$m ©H$mo{Q>{Zê$nH$… V¥Vr`… Va“…Ÿ&&

OS>Ord`mo… ì`{ï>-g_{ï> oXoZ H$m ©Û¡{dÜ`_² :

AW H$m`©H$mo{Q>… {Zê$ß`Vo. VÌ A{Z`VnXmW©dmXm“rH$mamV² H$m`©_²AZÝV_od.

VWm{n JUemo {dMm ©_mU§ {Û{dY§ ^d{V : OrdJUmo OS>JU… M B{V.g_w{XVearamË_H${dMmao@{n ì`pîQ>JU… g_pîQ>JU… M B{V {Û{dY_².

VÌ {dJVm ApîQ>…=JUZm `ñ_mX² B{V ì`pîQ>… Añ_Xm{Xê$nm. g“VmApîQ>… `pñ_Z² B{V g_pîQ>… ~«÷mÊS>ê$nm. XohpñWVH$sQ>mnoj`m Añ_mXmXrZm_{ng_pîQ>Ëd_² Añ_Xnoj`m ~«÷U… BË`m{X ko _². Ed_² AYmo@Ymoì`pîQ>Ëd_{n.Ed_² AmZ³Ë o@{n H$m ª gwko _².

H$m ©ñ` {ÌJwUmË_H$ËdoZ Ì¡{dÜ`_² :

VÀM H$m`ª {ÌJwUmË_H$ËdmV² {Ì{dY_². JwUmA{n gpÀMXmZÝXôXoZ^JdËñdê$nÌ¡{dÜ`mXod {Ì{dYm… B{V JwUbjUEd CŠV_². VÌ V(Vmd!)V² gÎd§a_md¡Hw$ÊR>o Ÿ(1)^JdÔoh-(2)ŸVÌËÒrdXoh-Ÿ(3)bmoH$- oXoZ {Ì{dY_². Ed§ aOmo@{newÕ§ {ÌYm JwUmdVma~«÷Umo bmoHo$, VWm V_mo@{n ewÕ§ JwUmdVma{edbmoHo$.gpÀMXmZÝXm§emZm§ Am{Y^m¡{VH$ËdmÜ`mpË_H$Ëdm{YX¡{dH$Ëdm{Z : VÌ gX² A{Y yV§,{MX² AÜ`mË__²Ÿ, AmZÝXmo A{YX¡d_². VÌ A{YX¡dËd§ ñdmV³Í`mX²Ÿ,Ÿnm. o.1 AÜ`mË_Ëd_²A{^_ÝV¥ËdmX²Ÿ, A{Y yVËdÝVw C^`ì`dhmahoVwËdmX² AÝV`m©{_OrdXohofw ko _².AÝ`ÌVw VÎmpÝZ`m_H$ËdmX² A{YX¡dËd§, VÎmpÝZ`å`ËdmX² AÜ`mË_Ëd_² A{Y yVËd§M ko _². AÌ _yb§ {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYmX² ~moÜ`_².

261 262

H¥$îUmjamÝV`m©{_-nwéfmoÎm_mjaja-ôXmä`m§ Ì¡{dÜ`ì`dñWm :

VÌ ~«÷{U H¥$îUmjamÝV`m©{_ôXoZ; Ed§, nwéfmoÎm_mjajaôXoZm{n.H¥$îUñ ¡dŸnm. o.2 JwUmdVmaVm`m§ ~«÷{dîUwéÐ oXm…. EVX{^àm oU¡d Vofm§ Vwar`Ëd_²CÀ`Vo "{dídV¡OgàmkñVwar`…' B{V.

H¥$îUm{XÌ`mUm§ _m`m{XepŠVÌ¡{dÜ`_² :

VÀN>ŠVmd{n H«$_oU _m`m`m… H¥$îUepŠVËd§, àH¥$Vo… AjaepŠVËd_²,A{dÚm`m… OrdepŠVËd_² B{V CËH$fm©nH$f©na_mnH$f£… ko`_². A{dÚm`m§{ZÐm{MÝVoÝÐOmbVm oXoZ, AmË_Zm_{n na_mË_{d y{Vê$nmË_OrdmË_ oXoZ Ì¡{dÜ §ko _². EVofwŸ{Q>.1 VÌ àW_mo JUmo {ÛVr`gmonmZ yV… B{VŸnm. o.3.

Ordo@{n nwéf-ì`pîQ>-g_pîQ>- oXoZ V_Am{X JwUÌ¡{dÜ`_² :

Ordo@{n nwéf-g_pîQ>-ì`pîQ>-ôXoZ, JwUofw V_moaOñgÎdôXoZ_¡Ì`mUr`mon{Zf{X V_g… gH$memV² VËgmañ` aOg… VVmo@{n VËgmañ` gÎdñ`CËn{ÎmH$WZmV²Ÿ, àUd_mÌmgw "A'H$mañ` "C'H$mao Vñ`M "_'H$mao b`H$WZmV²M ko _². Ed_odŸnm. o.4 JwUm{^_m{Zîd{n.

ñd^md-eara-JwU oXoZ H$m ©ê$nJwUmZm§ Ì¡{dÜ`_² :

H$m ©ê$nm… JwUmñVw {dHw$d©ÝV… àË oH$_{n {Ì{dYm… ñd^mdearaJwU oXoZ.VÌ ñdm^m{dH$m… AZwëb§¿`m…. VoM ""gÎd§aOñV_B{V JwUm Ordñ` Z¡d _o{MÎmOm ¡ñVw yVmZm§ gÁO_mZmo {Z~Ü`Vo'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam. 11Ÿ&25Ÿ&12Ÿ) B{VEH$mXeñH$ÝYdmŠ`mV². AZwëb§¿`ËdÄM ""JwU¡… ñdm^m{dH¡$~©bmX²''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.6Ÿ&1Ÿ&53Ÿ) BË`m{XdmŠ`mV² ko _². EVEd VmÑŠVmÑJmMaUà`moOH$m…""aOñV_… àH¥$V`… g_erbm ÔpÝV d¡ {nV¥ yVàOoemXrZ² {l ¡íd © àOoßgd…''(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.1Ÿ&2Ÿ&27Ÿ)

1. EVofw B{V na_mË_{d y{VOrdmË_gw B{V AW©…Ÿ(í`m).

B{V àWH$ñH$ÝYdmŠ`mV² ""gÑe§ MoîQ>Vo ñdñ`m… àH¥$Vokm©ZdmZ{n àH¥$qV`mpÝV yVm{Z {ZJ«h… qH$ H$[aî`{V'' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.3Ÿ&33Ÿ) B{V JrVmdmŠ`mV² M.earaê$nmñVw_m¡T²çXem`m_od ~{bîR>m… XohH¥$Vñ` ""~«m÷Umo Ah§'' ""amOm Ah_²''B{V A{^_mZñ` _m¡T²çEd gå^dmV². JwUê$nmñVw Y_m©Ë_H$m… g“emñÌ¡… dY©ÝVjr`ÝVo Mo{V {Z~©bm…. Ed§ VÎdofw Ì¡{dÜ`§ (1)Ÿ_ybVÎdm-(2)Ÿ@@daUVÎd-(3)Ÿ~«÷mÊS>mÝV~«©÷H¥$V-VÎdôXoZ ko`_².

ñWybgyú_ oXoZ earaÛ¡{dÜ`_² :

eara§ ñWybgyú_ oXoZ {Û{dY_². VÌ ñWyb§ nmÄM^m¡{VH$_². VÌM yVÛmamVÝ_yb yVmZm§ Vm_gmh§H$ma_hËàH¥${V oXoZ JwUmZm_{n CnmXmZVm ~moÜ`m… VWmH$mbñ`m{n, V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYnÄM_mÜ`m o _hÎmÎdm{Xä`… g¥pîQ>{dMmao VWm{ZU© mV².AVEd earaàH¥${V oXmo@{n wÁ`Vo. AÝ`Wm nÄMrH$aUà{H«$`m`m_² *ŸEH$pñ_Z²AW} EH$m o _ w»`^yV^mJm o, {ÛVr`… MVw{^ ©… g_¡… AÝ` ¡… Ÿ* BË` od §VÎmX² m¡{VH$nXmW©{gÕçm gd}fm§ g_Ëd_od ñ`mV². EdÄM JrVmoŠV_² AmhmaÌ¡{dÜ`_{nearanmofH$ËdoZ VÎmpËà § ^d{V BË`{n g“ÀN>Vo.

Ed_² AÝ`X{n {_lmUm§ Ì¡{dÜ § ~moÜ § ""VÌmß oH¡$H$emo amOZ² {^ÚÝVoJV`pñÌYm `X¡d¡H$VamÝ`mä`m§ ñd^md CnhÝ`Vo'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&10Ÿ&41Ÿ) B{V{ÛVr`ñH$ÝYr`Xe_mÜ`m`moŠVÝ`m`… AÌ gd©Ìm@{n _yb_². AÌ EH$Vañd^mdñÀÝ`mä`m_² CnKmV~moYZmV²Ÿ, Vñ`M VÎm×bVmaVå oZ ^dZmV², H$mbH$_m©{X{^…VÎmmaVå`mV². `Wm AmVÄMZoZ XÜZm H$Xm{MX² KZËd§Ÿnm. o.5 H$Xm{MV² Z VÛX²B{V.

(ŸH$ J K _mV¥H$mgw nwZaoVmdmZ§e… Am-IŸVmo@{n A{YH$… Cnbä`Vo.AJ«o Ìw{Q>…{Q>.1Ÿ)

263 264

1.Ad{eîQ>à_o`n[aÀN>oXm§eñ` gmYZ\$bn[aÀN>oX`mo… M {Okmgw{^…lr_X²dëb^mMm`©MaU{da{MV§ gd©{ZU©`m{XJV§ VÎmX²dMZH$Xå~H$_²AZwgÝYo _²Ÿ(í`m).

nmR>ôXmdbr

1. ~«÷ËdmX² B{V H$ nmR>o ñdmV³Í`mX² B{V J K nmR>`mo…. 2. H¥$îUñ`M B{VH$ K nmR>`mo… H¥$îUñ ¡d B{V J nmR>o. 3. VÌ àW_mo JU… {ÛVr`gmonmZ yV… B{VH$ nmR>o. 4. Ed§ B{V H$ nmR>o Ed_od B{V J K nmR>`mo…. 5. AåbËd§ B{V H$nmR>….

&&CÕ¥VdMZmZwH«$‘{UH$m&&J«ÝWofyÕ¥VdMZmZm‘² AmH$añWb{ZX}e… n¥îR>mL²H$gyMr M

(›)

"›'BË oH$mja§ ~«÷ 90, 94 (^JdX²JrVm : 8&13) (ZmamÙmWd©{eaCn{ZfX² : 3)

› B{V EVXja‘² 94 (‘mÊSw>Š`mon{ZfX² : 1)

(A)

AH$mamo d¡ gdm© dmH²$ 95 (EoVao mon{ZX² : 3&6&7)

AjnmXàUrVo M 120 (nameanwamU§ : )

AjamUm§ AH$mamo@pñ‘ 94 (^JdX²JrVm : 10&33)

Ap½Z… ~«m÷U… 109

265 366

(V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 2&3&3&3)

AOm‘oH$m§ bmo{hVewŠbH¥$îUm‘² 237, 238 (‘hmZmamÙmon{ZfX² : 9&2)

AUdíM 148 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 2&4&7)

AUmoaUr`mZ² ‘hVmo ‘hr`mZ² 203 (‘hmZmamÙmon{ZfX² : 9&3) (H$R>mon{ZfX² : 2&20)

AV… à^dmV² 65 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 1&3&28)

AË`ÝVmgË`{n kmZ‘² 122 (íbmoH$dm{V©H$‘² : 1&1&2&6)

AÌ {ZînÝXËdoZ 112 (H$mì`àH$me : 2&8&8)

AÌ ‘m§ ‘mJ© ÝË`mÕm 174 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&7&23)

AÌmË‘m ñd §Á`mo{Va² ^d{V 213 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&9114)

AW Vo VXZwkmVm 2 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&4&1)

AW eãXmZwemgZ‘² 96 (nmVÄOb‘hm^mî § : 1&1&1)

AW `mEVm… öX`ñ` ZmS²>ç… 149 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 8&6&1)

AXrZbrbmh{gVojUmoëbgV² 195 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&2&12)

A{Yð>mZ§ VWm H$Vm©147, 198 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&14-15)

AZÝVm d¡ doXm… 4 (V¡{Îmar`~«m÷U§ : 3&10&11&4)

AZoZ OrdoZ AmË‘mZwà{dí` 197 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&3&2)

AZñV{‘VËd 202 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&5&22)

AZmJV‘VrV§ M 139, 258

367 268

(^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&61&21)

AZm{X{ZYZm{dÚm({ZË`m) 63, 65 (Hy$‘©nwamU§ : 1&1&2&27)

AZm{XamË‘m nwéfmo 211 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&3)

AZw d{gÕmo{h A`‘²... 20 (VÎd{MÝVm‘{UXr{Y{V-nam‘e©àH$aU‘²)

AZoZ OrdoZmË‘ZmZwà{dí` 199 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&3&2)

AÝYH$mamo@pñÌ`m§ ÜdmÝV‘² 131 (A‘aH$moe… : 1&8&3)

AÝ`W¡dmp½Zg§`moJmX² 54 (dmŠnXr`‘² : 2&418)

AÝ`m`… M AZoH$eãXËd‘² 103 (O¡{‘{ZgyÌ§ : 1&3&9&26)

A{n dm H$V¥©gm‘mÝ`mV² 119 (O¡{‘{ZgyÌ§ : 1&3&2)

A{ndm V‘mXoe‘² Aàmú`… 189 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&1&2)

AàH$memo@àd¥{ÎmíM 208 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&13)

A{^Ü`monXoemÀM 193 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 1&4&24)

A‘wî‘m{XË`mV² àVr`ÝVo 149 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 8&6&2)

A § d¡ ha`mo nÄMXe§ M 190 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&5&19)

A § {h na‘mo Y‘m}3 (`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥{V… : 1&1&8)

AéU`m... H«$sUm{V 61 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&1&6)

Aê$ndXod {h... 192 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 3&2&14)

AW©ñVÝ‘m{ÌH$mÁOko 228 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&8)

269 270

AWm©{^ì`ÄOZ§ `V… 257 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&5&30)

AWm©l`Ëd§ eãXñ` 229 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&33)

AWm}h²çZpÝdVmdñW… 113 (‘r‘m§gmíbmoH$dm{V©H§$ : )

A{dZmer dmao... 219 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&5&14)

A{dkmV§ {dOmZVm‘² 161 (Ho$Zmon{ZfX² : 2&3)

Aì`ŠV‘hXh§H$mamX`…215 ( )

Aíd dmbm{X 95 ({ZéŠV{ZKÝQw> : 2&7&28) ({ZéŠV{ZKÝQw> : 11&3&31)

Aï>mjam… Jm`Ìr 94 (eVnW~«m÷U§ : 2&1&5&17)

Aï>m¡ ñWmZm{Z dUm©Zm‘² 94 (nm{UZr`{ejm : 13)

Agm¡ Vo new… 181 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : .6&6&4&5)

Añ` ‘hVmo yVñ` 68 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&4&10)

Añ`mZZ§ `mo{ZéXmadmMm‘² 112 ( )

Ag§Jmoh²ç § nwéf… 215 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&15)

Ah‘mË‘m JwS>mHo$e 2,213 (^JdX²JrVm : 10&20)

Ah§ H¥$ËñZñ` OJV… 219 (^JdX²JrVm : 7&6)

A§{eZ… ñdm§eJmË`ÝVm^mdñ` 175 ({MËgwIr : 1&8&)

(Am)

271 272

AmH$medX² ì`mnH§$ {h 196 (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY… : 1&25-28)

AmIyñVo new 181 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&6&4&9)

AmJ‘mo@(n…)Wm} àOm Xoe… 9 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&13&4)

AmÊS>H$moemo ~{ha`‘² 201 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&11&39)

AmË‘Z… AmH$me… gå yV… 242 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&1&1)

AmË‘m d¡ nwÌZm‘m{g 76 (eVnW~«m÷U§ : 14&9&4&26)

AmË‘¡d V{XX§ gd©‘² 121 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&28&6)

AmXmdÝVo M ‘Ü o M 9 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&19&16)

Am{XË` B{V Ìr{U 94

(Z¥qghnydm}ÎmaVm{nÝ w{ZfX² : 4&2)

Am{XË`mo yn… 68, 109 (V¡{Îmar`~«m÷U§ : 2&1&5&2)

Am{XË`mo dm Ef… 148 (‘hmZmamÙmo{ZfX² : 12&2)

Am{XË § d¡ MjwJ©ÀN>{V 254 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 3&2&13)

Am{d^m©d-{Vamo mdm¡ 38, 136 ( )

Am{d^m©d{Vamo^mdY‘©....`m{` 252 (íbmoH$dm{V©H$ : 1&1&4&152)

AmgrX² kmZ‘`mo øWm} 201 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&2)

Amlmd o{V MVwaja‘ñVw... 94 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 1&6&11&1)

(B)

273 274

B{VhmgnwamUmä`m‘² 98, 120 (~«÷mÊS>nwamU§ : 1&1&171) (‘hm^maVAmaÊ`nd© : 1&66)

BËW§ {d{MÝË` na‘… 209 (nÄMamÌ§ : )

BX‘² Ah‘² A‘wî`m‘²...ham{‘ 181 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 3&4&8&5)

BX§ gdª `X`‘mË‘m 175, 188 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&5&7)

BpÝÐ`mUm§ ‘ZíMmpñ‘ 129 (^JdX²JrVm : 10&22)

BpÝÐ`m{U Xe¡H$ÄM 129, 258 (^JdX²JrVm : 13&5)

BpÝÐ oU EoÝÜ`...BÝÐ 102 (eVnW~«m÷U§ : 6&1&1&2)

BpÝÐ oä`… nam… h² Wm©… 129, 258 (H$R>mon{ZfX² : 1&3&10)

BpÝÐ ¡{d©f`mH¥$ï>¡… 150 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 4&22&30)

BÝÐmo ‘m`m{^… nwéê$n 189 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&5&19)

BÝYo yVm{Z...{dkm`Vo 102 ({ZéŠVX¡dH$mÊS> : 10&1&10)

Bfo Ëdmo... 96 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 1&1&1)

(B©)

B©joV {d «‘{‘X§ ‘Zgmo 176 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&13&34)

B©ída… gd© yVmZm‘² 147 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&61)

(C)

CA {UÀMb... 112 (H$mì`àH$me… : 2&8&8)

275 276

CJ«§ àW‘§ ñWmZ‘² 91 (Z¥qghnyd©VmnZr`mon{ZfX² : 2&3)

CÎmmZm d¡ XodJdm 95 (AmnñVå^lm¡VgyÌ§ : 11&7&6)

CÎm‘… nwéfñËdÝ`… 214 (^JdX²JrVm : 15&17)

CXnÚV VoOmo d¡ 248 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&27)

CÚXm wÚXmoX©ÊS¡>… 156 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 8&10&40)

CÚXm wÚXmoX©ÊS>m… 156 (‘hm^maV : )

(F$) F$M… gm‘m{Z O{kao 69 (F$½doXg§{hVm : 10&90&9)

F$Vo@Wª `ËàVr oV 138, 180 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&9&33)

F$frUm§ Zm‘Yo m{Z 62 ({dîUwnwamU§ : 1&5&65)

(E)

EH$Xoe{dH¥$VÝ`m` 28, 35 ( wdZoebmoH$Ý`m`gmhòr : 350)

EH$ñ` ’$bËd§ 214 (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$me… : 2&87&)

EH$ñ ¡d ‘‘m§eñ` 214 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&11&4)

EH$mXemgZ²...dra^y{‘… 145 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 5&11&9)

EH$… ewÕ[email protected]‘mË‘Z… 80 ({dîUwnwamU§ : 6&4&36)

EVñ‘mV² Om`Vo àmUmo 254, 259 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 2&1&3)

EaM 45

277 278

(nm{U{ZgyÌ‘² : 3&3&56)

Ed§ J{X… 93 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&12&19)

Ed§ nwam...ì`dgm`~w{Õ… 99 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&2&1)

Ef AmË‘m 100 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 8&7&4)

Ef C Ed...{ZZrfVo 116, 117,222

(H$m¡frVH$sCn{ZfX² : 3&8)

Efmo@Uw… AmË‘m 221 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 3&1&6)

Efmo@UwamË‘m...g§{Zdoe… 2 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfV² : 3&1&9)

(Eo)

EoVXmËå`{‘X§ gd©‘² 10 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&8&7)

(Am¡)

Am¡Ën{ÎmH$ñVw... 53, 65 (O¡{‘{ZgyÌ§ : 1&1&5)

(H$)

H$W‘Zw{‘‘r‘hr 171 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 5&22&1)

H$aå^ny{Vgm¡aä`... 239 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&45)

H$‘©Umo OÝ‘ ‘hV… 205 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&22)

H$boT>©H²$ 97 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 4&2&8)

H$dVrfw aWÝVa§ Jm`{V 91 (VmÊS²>ç~«m÷U§ : 11&4&2)

H$m‘… g§H$ënmo {d{M{H$Ëgm 6, 12 146,258

(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&5&3)

279 280

H$m ©H$maUdñËd¡Š`... 9 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 7&15&63)

H$mb§ H$‘© ñd^mdÄM 205 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&21)

H$mbê$nmodVrUm}@ñ`m‘² 200 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 1&13&48)

H$mbd¥Ë`mVw ‘m`m`m‘² 213 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&5&26)

H$mbmX² JwUì`{VH$a… 202 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&22)

H$mboZ Zï>m àb o 100 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&14&3)

H$mboZmì`ŠV‘y{V©Zm 202 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&10&12)

H$mbmo@pñ‘ bmoH$j`H¥$Ëàd¥Õmo 200, 202 (^JdX²JrVm : 11&32)

qH$Á`mo{Va § nwéf… 149

(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&2) H¥$Vr Hw$eb BË`{n 109 (A‘aH$moe… : 3&1&4)

H¥$nmo amob 90 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 8&2&18)

H¡$dë § gmpËdH§$ kmZ‘² 9 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&25&24)

ŠboXZ§ nrS>Z§ V¥pßV… 249 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&43)

ja… gdm©{U yVm{Z 214 (^JdX²JrVm : 15&16)

(I)

I§ H$mÊS>m^Jmojm‘‘² 245 (Á`mo{VfemñÌdMZ§ : )

(J)

JÝYdVr n¥{Wdr 250

281 282

(Ý`m`{gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbr : 35)

JwUì`{V... H$mboZmì`ŠV‘y{V©Zm 43, 202 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&10&11)

JwUmÛmbmoH$dV² 148, 238 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 2&3&25)

JwU¡… ñdm^m{dH¡$~©bmV² 263 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 6&1&53)

Jwhmåà{dîQ>m¡ AmË‘mZm¡ 196 (H$R>mon{ZfX² : 1&3&1)

Jmo Aídm Ed ned 97, 109 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 5&2&9&4)

J«mdmU… ßbdÝVo 98 ( )

(K)

K¥{U[a{V Ûo Ajao 90, 94 (Z¥qghnyd©Vm{nÝ wn{ZfX² : 4&2)

(M)

MjwñËdï>[a g§ moÁ` 137 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&15&20)

MVw{d©Ym ÔÝVo ‘m‘² 221 (^JdX²JrVm : 7&16)

Ma‘… g{ÛeofmUm‘² 203 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&11&1)

MmÊS>mbmÝ`{ó`mo JËdm 233 (‘Zwñ‘¥{V… : 11&175)

MmbZ§ ì yhZ§ àmpßV… 247 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&37)

M¡VÝ`XrßVmÎmñ‘mX² 190 (Z¥qghmoÎmaVm{nÝ wn{ZfX² : 9)

M¡ÚXohmopËWV§ Á`mo{V… 3 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&74&45)

(N>)

283 284

N>m`m`m§ gm{M {VîR>Vmo 246 ( )

(O)

OmJ«V² ñdßZ… gwfwßVÄM 146 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&13&27)

Om{Vì`pŠV{d^mJmo@`§ 67 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&15&8)

OmbmH©$aíå`dJV… 232 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&11&5)

Ordñ`mZwñ‘¥Vr gVr 3 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&85&10)

O¡{‘Zr o M d¡ mgo 65 ( ) kmËdmkmËdm M H$‘m©{U 117 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&24&6)

kmZ§ kmZdVm‘h‘² 129, 258 (^JdX²JrVm : 10&38)

kmZ§ ËdÝ`V‘mo ^md… 213 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&4)

kmZ§ `Wm Z Zí oV 6 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&7&39)

kmZàgmXoZ {dewÓgÎd‘² 2 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 3&1&8)

kmZd¡amk`moíM¡d 4 ({dîUwnwamU§ : 6&5&74)

kmZepŠV… {H«$`mepŠV… 228, 256 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&31)

Á`mo{Vï>mo‘oZ ñdJ©H$m‘mo ÒoV 181 (AmnñVå~lm¡VgyÌ§ : 102&1)

(V)

VÁObmZ² 189 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 3&14&1)

VVmo@^dÝ‘hÎmËd‘² 210

285 286

(^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&5&27) VVmo@ yV² {Ìd¥XmoL²H$mamo 66 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 12&6&39)

VVmo {dHw$d©Vmo OmVmo...{MX{MÝ‘`… 227 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&6-7)

VÎmV² gmpÎdH$‘od¡fm‘² 9 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&13&5)

VÎmoOmo@g¥OV 197 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&2&3)

VÌ gËd§ {Z‘©bËdmV² 207 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&6)

VÌmß oH¡$H$emo amOZ² 264 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&10&41)

VÎd‘{g 9 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&8&10)

VV² g¥ï²>dm VXodmZwàm{deV² 197 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&6)

VpËg{Ó-Om{V-gmê$ß` 110

(emñÌXr{nH$m : 1&4&18&28)

VWm àmU… 148, 259 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 2&4&1)

VW¡d VÎd{dkmZ‘² 4 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&10&31)

VXZÝ`Ëd‘² 190 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 2&1&14)

VXmË‘mZ‘odmdoXh§ ~«÷mpñ‘ 219 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&10)

VXmhþaja§ ~«÷ 201 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&11&41)

V{XÀN>m‘mÌV… 196 (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY… : 1&27)

VXoVXj § {ZË`‘² 175, 188 ({dîUwnwamU§ : 1&22&60)

VX¡jV² ~hþñ`m‘² 197 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&2&3)

287 288

VÔÿao VÛpÝVHo$ 246 (B©emdmñ`mon{ZfX² : 5)

VX² yVmZm§ {H«$`mW}Z 89 (O¡{‘ZrgyÌ§ : 1&1&25)

VX²dmp½dgJm} OZVmK{dßbd… 107 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 1&5&11)

VÕoVmoaod VXñVw 112 ( wdZoebm¡{H$H$Ý`m`gmhòr : 1&39)

VÝ‘Zmo@g¥OV 258 ( )

VÝ‘m`m’$bê$noU 201, 209 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&2-3)

Vngm ~«÷ {d{Okmgñd 139 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 3&3)

V‘ñËdkmZO§ {d{Ó 208 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&8)

V‘wËH«$m‘ÝV§ àmUmo@ZwËH«$m‘{V 158 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&4&2)

V‘od ^mÝV‘Zw m{V gd©‘² 64 (H$R>mon{ZfX² : 5&15)

V‘mo aO… gËd{‘{V 210, 225 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&5)

Vñ‘mXh{‘{V gdm©{^YmZ‘² 91 (Z¥qghmoÎmaVm{nÝ wn{ZfX² : 7&2)

Vñ‘mX² ~«mô‘UoZ Z åbopÀN>Vd¡ 107 (dmOgZo r~«m÷UÁ`mo{VîQ>mo‘àH$aU‘²)

Vñ‘mÛm EVñ‘mXmË‘Z… 197 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&1&1)

Vñ‘mX² {damS²> AOm`V 66, 99 (F$H²$g§{hVm : 10&90&5) (nwéfgyŠV‘² : 5)

Vñ` ‘mÌm JwU… eãX… 247 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&25)

Vñ ¡d hoVmo… à`VoV H$mo{dX… 214 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 1&5&18)

289 290

Vm{Z Y‘m©{U àW‘m{Z 99 (nwéfgyŠV‘² : 18)

Vm{‘ÝÐmo ‘Ü`Vmo AdH«$å` ì`mH$amoX² 98 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&4&7)

{VL²>gw~ÝVM`mo dmŠ`‘² 89 (A‘aH$moe… : 1&6&2)

VoOgñVw {dHw$dm©UmX² 249 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&28)

VoZ Xodm AÒÝV 99 (F$H²$g§{hVm : 10&90&7)

Voä`… g‘^dV² gyÌ‘² 210 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&6)

V¡OgmZrpÝÐ`mÊ od 256 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&31)

Ì § dm BX§ Zm‘ê$n§ H$‘© 197 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&6&1)

Ì`… neyZm§ hñVmXmZm….. .68

( ) ÌrÊ od à‘mUm{Z 183 (gw~mo{YZr : 3&26&30)

Ëd‘mË‘ZmË‘mZ‘doø‘moKÑH² $215 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 1&5&21)

(X)

Xe© m‘mg bmoH§$ ñd‘² 188 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&28&14)

Xwï>… eãX… ñdaVmo dU©Vmo dm 97 (nm{U{Z{ejm : 52)

Ñí`Vo {d{dYM‘©nwQ>do{ï>V… 238 ({dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z‘² : )

Ñï>§ gm‘ 9, 97 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 4&2&7)

Xodm{YîR>mZì`{V... {df`àH$meZepŠV… 257 (gw~mo{YZr : 3&5&30)

Xodr ô ofm JwU‘`r 209

291 292

(^JdX²JrVm : 7&14)

X¡dmV² H$mbmV² ^dpÝV 225 (gw~mo{YZr : 3&26&19)

X¡dmV² jw{^VY{‘©Ê`m‘² 210, 225 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&19)

ÚmoVZ§ nmMZ§ nmZ‘² 248 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&40)

Ðì § H$‘© M H$mbíM 197 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&14)

Ðì`mH¥${VËd§ JwUVm 235 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&39)

Ûmä`m§ Jmh©nË o Owhmo{V 119 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&6&1&1)

{ÛYm g‘^dV² ~¥hX² 211 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&3)

ÛçMíN>ÝX{g 96 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 4&3&150)

(Y)

ÜdmÝVo JmT>o@ÝYV‘g‘² 133 (A‘aH$moe… : 1&8&3)

(Z)

Z H$Xm{MXZrÑe§ OJV² 188 ( )

Z H$pÄMZ² ‘‘©{U ñn¥eoV² 230 ( )

ZjÌmUm‘h§ eer 129, 258 (^JdX²JrVm : 10&21)

Z Mjwfm J¥h² Vo 176 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 3&1&8))

Z VÌ aWm Z aW`moJm… 33 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&10)

Z Ðì`{Z`‘… VÚmoJm{X 144 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ : 5&108)

293 294

Z ní`mo ‘¥Ë w§ ní`{V 67 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 7&26&2)

Z nrVmX² AéU§ 236 ( )

Z^gmo@W {dHw$dm©UmX² 229, 247 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&26))

Z `{XX‘J« Amg Z ^{dî`XVmo 175 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&87&37)

Z g nwZamdV©Vo 213 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 8&15&1)

Z gmo@pñV àË``mo bmoHo$ 5 (dmŠ`nXr`‘² : 1&115)

Zm‘ê$n§ M yVmZm‘ ²62 (Hy$‘©nwamU§ : 1&7&64)

Zm‘ê$no ì`mH$adm{U 195 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&3&2)

Zm`‘mË‘m àdMZoZ bä`… 160

(‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 3&2&3)

ZmamÙnam… bmoH$m… 200 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&15)

{ZZmX{ZZX... Xmdm{X 96 (A‘aH$mof… : 1&6&22) (A‘aH$mof… : 1&7&31, 3&3&206)

{Z`VY‘©gm{hË` C^`mo… 165 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ§ : 5&29)

{Z{eVo{V MoÝZ... 149 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 4&2&19)

ZoV¥Ëd§ ÐìèãX`mo… 78, 80, 149 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&37)

(n)

nXmdYmaUmonm`mZ² 87 (íbmoH$dm{V©H$dmŠ`m{YH$aUH$m[aH$m:183)

nXo dUm©… Z {dÚÝVo 8, 90 (dmŠ`nXr § : 1&73)

295 296

nañ` Ñí`Vo Y‘m} 229 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&49)

namÎmw VÀN®>Vo… 222 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 2&3&14)

namöVmÝV‘©Zg… 150 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&5&44)

n[aUm‘… ñd^mdV… 206 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&22)

namojdmXmo doXmo@ § 118 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&3&44)

newZm ÒoV(ÒVo) 61 (H$mR>H$g§{hVm : 8&1)

new‘mb oV(b^Vo) 60, 61 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 3&1&11)

nrdo{V amem¡ Z {dXm§ àdmX… 204 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 5&10&9)

nwÊ`X… nwÊ`‘mßZmo{V 205

( ) nwamU§ hX § ñ‘¥V‘² 98, 120 ( )

nwéfoída`moaÌ 214 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&22&11)

nwéfmd`d¡aoV¡… 64 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&6&26)

nwéfEdoX§ `X² yV§ `ÀM ^ì`‘² 99, 121 (Z¥qghnyd©VmnZr`mon{ZfX² : 2) (F$Šg§{hVm : 10&90&2)

ny {V dm EVÑMmoja§181 ( )

nyU©‘X… nyU©{‘X‘² 193, 196 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&1&1)

nyd©dX²dm 192 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 3&2&29)

nyd©gyÌo dU©ñ` Aja‘² 94 (nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`‘² : 1&1&2 Am P^Äm²)

297 298

nydm©namZwgÝYmZê$nm 3 (gw~mo{YZr : 10&85&10)

n¥WŠËdoZ Vw `X² kmZ‘² 10, 15 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&21)

àH¥${V nwéf§ Mod 213 (^JdX²JrVm : 13&19)

àH¥${V… nwéfíMmo m¡ 201 (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY… : 2&98)

àH¥${Vh²ç©ñ`monmXmZ‘² 43, 197 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&24&19)

àH¥$VoJw©Ugmå`ñ` 200 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&17)

àOm o 67, 87, 195,224

(N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&2&3) (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&6)

à{VkmÑîQ>mÝVmZwnamoYm{YH$aU o225 (~«÷gyÌ‘² : 1&4&23)

à{V{Vð>ÝVrh d¡ V o181

(VmÊS>`~«m÷U : 23&2&4)

àË`{^km`Vo H$Vm© `… 223 (emñÌXr{nH$m : 1&1&5)

à‘mU‘² CËgÝZ§ 119 (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝY… : 2&34)

à‘mW©àH$meqbJmV² 144 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ§ : 5&106)

àgÝZMoVgmo h²çmew 6 (^JdX²JrVm : 2&65)

àmH¥$V§ Vm‘g§ kmZ‘² 10 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&25&24)

àmU ¥V CnXYm{V 109 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 5&2&10&9) (5&3&1&1)

àrË` àr{V{dfmXmË‘H$m 208 (gm§»`H$m[aH$m : 12&13)

àrË`àr{V{dfmXmÚ¡… 208 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ§ : 1&127-128)

299 300

àkmonbpãY… {MËg§{dX² 160 (A‘aH$moe… : 1&5&1)

(’$)

’$blw{V[a § Z¥Um‘² 118 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&21&23)

(~)

~hþñ`m§ àOm o 41, 196 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&2&3) (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&6)

~w{Ó… {dkmZê${nUr 22 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&10&32)

~«÷Umo ‘mZgm nwÌm… 204 (‘hm^maVm{Xnd© : 59&10)

~«h‘ dm BX‘J« AmgrX² 219 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&10)

~«mô‘UmWm} `Wm ZmpñV 90 (dmŠ`nXr`‘² : 2&14)

(^)

^ŠË`m ËdZÝ``m eŠ`… 160 (^JdX²JrVm : 11&54)

^ŠË`m ‘m‘{ÔmZm{V 137, 160 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&55)

^ŠË`mh‘oH$`mJ«mh²`… 160 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&14&21)

JdV… gd©V… 225 (gw~mo{YZr : 3&5&37)

^JdmZ² ~«÷ H$mËñ³ }Z 53 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&2&34)

^mJJwUmä`m§ VËdmÝVa§ d¥{Îm… 144 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ§ : 5&107)

^mdZ§ ~«÷U… ñWmZ‘² 250 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&46)

301 302

y[a{V ì`mhaZ² 62 (V¡{Îmar`~«m÷U‘² : 2&2&4&2)

yVmZm§ {N>ÐXmV¥Ëd‘² 241 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&34)

yVofw Kmofê$noU 81 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&21&37)

^m¡{VH$mZm§ {dH$maoU238 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&42)

(‘)

‘Z…fð>mZrpÝÐ`m{U 129, 258 (^JdX²JrVm : 15&7)

‘Zg¡ dmZwÑîQ>ì § 161 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&4&19)

‘Z… gd}pÝÐ`m{U M 129, 258 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 2&1&3) (ZmamÙmon{ZfX² : 1)

‘Zwa^d‘² Ah§ gy ©íM 219 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 1&4&10)

‘Zmo{dH$mam Ed¡Vo 176 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&16&41)

‘‘`mo{Z‘©hX²~«÷ 219 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&3)

‘‘¡dm§emo OrdbmoHo$ 214 (^JdX²JrVm : 15&7)

‘`S>‰¡V`mo m©fm`m‘² 96 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 4&3&143)

‘ wampíM{ÌVm oZ 38 ( )

‘ëbmZm‘e{ZZ¥©Um§ Zada… 160 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&43&17)

‘hm^yVmÝ`h§H$mamo 128 (^JdX²JrVm : 13&5)

‘m§ {dYÎmo@{^YÎmo ‘m‘² 64, 97, 98 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&21&43)

303 304

‘wŠVmong¥ß`ì`nXoemV² 221 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 1&3&2)

(H$mì`àH$me… : 2&19&9)

‘¥XwËd§ H${R>ZËd§ M 231 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&36)

(`)

` EZ§ ewîHo$ ñWmUm¡ 66 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 6&3&8)

Ò‘mZn§M‘m§ 129, 258 (eVnW~«m÷U‘² : 2&4&4&25)

Ò‘mZ… àñVa… 109 (V¡{Îmar`~«m÷U‘² : 3&3&6&8)

`kH$‘©ÊÒnÝ y§Igm‘gw 97 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 1&2&34)

`kmo d¡ {dîUw… 33, 200

(V¡{Îmar`~«m÷U‘² : 1&2&5&1)

`Vmo dmMmo {ZdV©ÝVo 167 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&4&1)

`ËH$amoË oH$amÌoU 233 (‘Zwñ‘¥{V… : 11&178)

`V² H$‘© VV² ’$bdX² 171 (em~a^mî`‘² : )

`X² AH$mb`V² VV² 97 (VmÊS>ç~«m÷U‘² : 8&3&1)

`ÎmpËÌJwU‘ì`ŠV‘² 226 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&10)

`Îmw H¥$ËñZdXoH$pñ‘Z² 10 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&22)

`ËnrV§ Mmê$U§ M 236 (‘Yw{dÚm : )

`Ì oZ `Vmo `ñ` 41 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&85&4)

305 306

`Ëg§H$ën{dH$ënmä`m‘² 258 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&27)

`Wm Hw$bmb MH«o$U 171 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 5&22&2)

`Wm ObñW Am^mg 151 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&27&12)

`Wm ‘hmpÝV yVm{Z 190, 195 (^mJdVnwamU : 2&9&34)

`Wm d¥jñ` gånwpînVñ` 240 (‘hmZmamÙmon{ZfX² : 8&2)

`Wm gm¡å`Ho$Z 189 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&1&2-4)

`Wm {h ^mZmoéX`mo 130, 149 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&28&34)

`X§¿`«ZwÜ`mZg‘m{Y... 137 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&4&21)

`XéU§ VÎmoOgmo 237 ( )

`XpñV `ÝZmpñV 175 ({dîUwnwamU§ : 2&12&38)

`X² Ðì § `X² Ðì`Üd§g... 250 (Ý`m`{gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbr : 35)

`Xm H$‘©gw H$må ofw 246 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 5&2&8)

`Xm {h 209 (gw~mo{YZr : 1&10&24)

`Xmñ` Zmä`mÝZ{bZmX² 64 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&6&22-26)

`XoH$‘`ì`ŠV‘ZÝVê$n‘ 188 (‘hmZmamÙmon{ZfX² : 1&5)

`Xod {dÚ`m H$amo{V 117 (N>mÝXmon{ZfX² : 1&1&10)

`X² Yy‘«§ VX² dm`mo… 245 ( )

`ÝZ ñn¥epÝV Z {dXw… 130

(^mJdVnwamU§ : 6&16&23)

`ñ‘mËja‘VrVmo@h‘² 219 (^JdX²JrVm : 15&18)

`ñ`m H$mboZ ZmoÚm`m 234 ( )

`ñ`m@ZwJ«h{‘ÀN>m{‘ 160 ( )

wŠV§ ^J¡… ñdo[aVaÌ MmY«wd¡ 4, 221 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&9&16)

wŠVm (hoVw{ârída§)... 174 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&7&23)

oZmja§ g‘måZm`‘² 94 (nm{UÝ`ï>mÜ`m{`‘§JbmMaU‘²)

`mo ~«÷mU§ {dXYm{V 62, 63 99 (ídoVmídVamon{ZfX² : 6&18)

`mo@ § H$mbñVñ` Vo@ì`ŠV~ÝYmo 192 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&3&26)

`… {gŠVaoVm ñ`mV² 64 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 5&5&4)

(a)

aOñV‘… àH¥$V`… 263 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 1&2&27)

aOmo amJmË‘H§$ {d{Õ… 208 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&7)

aOmo d¡H$pënH§$ ñ‘¥V‘² 10 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&25&24)

(b)

b¿dm{XY‘£… 208 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ.1&128)

{b“§ `X² Ðï¥>Ñí``mo 229 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&25)

bmoH$Vmo AW©à wŠVo 103 (nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`nñnem{•H$)

307 308

bmoH$mdJVgm‘Ï ©… 96 (O¡{‘Zr`Ý`m`‘mbm : 1&3&10&30) (O¡{‘Zr`Ý`m‘mbm{ddaU§ : 1&1&2)

bmo … àd¥{Îmamaå^… 208 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&12)

(d)

dXpÝV H¥$îU lo m§{g 100 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&14&1)

dU©ÝVw Mmjao 94 (A‘aH$moe… : 3&3&48)

dfQ²>H$mamo d¡ Jm`Ìr 117 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 2&1&7&1)

dñVwZmo ‘¥XwH$m{R>Ý`‘² 231 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&10&23)

dmMmaåÛ§ {dH$mamo Zm‘Yo ‘² 190 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&1&5)

dmMm {dê$n{ZË``m 63, 65, 70

(V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 2&6&11&2) (F$Šg§{hVm : 8&75&6)

dm‘XodmÈ>çÈ>çm¡ 97 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 4&2&9)

dm‘§dm BX§ Xodoä`moO{Z 97 ( )

dm wd£ jo{nîR>m XodVm 117 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 2&1&1&1)

{dXwaH$mð>m` ‘whþ…Hw$`mo{JZm‘² 49 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&4&14)

{damoYoVw AZnoj§ ñ`mV² 119 (O¡{‘{ZgyÌ§ : 1&3&3)

{dbÁO‘mZ`m `ñ` 193 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&13)

{deofñVw {dHw$dm©UmX² 252 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&29)

{díd§ d¡ ~«÷ VÝ‘mÌ‘² 175, 188 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&10&12)

309 310

{díd{OVm ÒoV 181 (eVnW~«m÷U‘² : 10&2&1&16)

{díd‘mË‘JV§ ì`ÄOZ² 226 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&22)

{dpíbï>epŠV… ~hþYod ^m{V 38 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&12&20)

d«rhrZ² AdhpÝV 60 (AmnñVå~lm¡VgyÌ‘² : 1&19&11)

d¥Îm`ñVw àgaÐÿnm 144 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌd¥{Îmgma : 5&107)

d¥Ìñ` XohmpÝZîH«$mÝV‘² 3 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 6&12&35)

doXñ`mÜ``Z§ gdª... 171 (íbmoH$dm{V©H$dmŠ`m{YH$aU‘² : 366)

doXmjam{U `mdpÝV 94 ( )

doXmZÜ`mn`m‘mg 129

(~«÷mÊS>nwamU§ : 2&3&35&14)

doXoZ Zm‘ê$nm{U 96 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&21&6)

doX¡íM gd£ah‘od doÚ… 94, 97 (^JdX²JrVm : 15&15)

doXmo JrV… Ëd`m nwam 70 ( )

doXmo ZmamÙ… gmjmV² 70 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 6&1&40)

d¡få`Z¡Ú¥©Ê o Z gmnojËdmV² 117 (~«÷gyÌ : 2&1&34)

(e)

eãX B{V MoÝZmV… à^dmV² 4, 62 (~«÷gyÌ : 1&3&28)

eãX ~«÷ gwXw~m}Y‘² 70, 71 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&21&36)

311 312

eÝZmo Xodra{^ï> o 96 (AWd©doX‘§JbmMaU‘²)

e‘moX‘pñVVrjm 10 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&25&2)

earadmL²>‘Zmo{^ ©V² 147, 198 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&15)

edñn¥e§ {Xdm H$s{V©‘² 233 ( )

emãXñ` {h ~«÷U… Ef nÝWm 119 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&2&2)

{edmÚm… F${fn ©ÝVm… 70 ( )

erV§ JwUo VÛXWm©… 231 (A‘aH$mof : 1&3&19)

í oZ{MqV {MÝdrV 61 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 2&4&11&1)

lw{Vñ‘¥{VnwamUmZm‘² 120 (ì`mgg§{hVm : )

(g)

g AmË‘mZ§ ñd`‘Hw$éV 221 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&7)

g AmË‘m ñdml`ml`… 2 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&10&9)

g EH$Ym ^d{V 67 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 7&26&2)

g EfOrdmo {ddaàgy{V 4,76,93, 198 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&12&17)

g Ef ^JdmZ² ÐmoU… 76 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 1&7&45)

g§KmVnamW©ËdmV² 216 (gm§»`H$m[aH$m : 17&18)

gË § kmZ‘ZÝV§ ~«÷ 2 (V¡{Îmar`mon{ZfX² : 2&1&1)

gËd§ aOñV‘ B{V JwUm 263

313 314

(^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&25&12)

gËd§ aOñV‘B{V {ZJw©Uñ` 194 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&18)

gËd§ aOñV‘…... ‘m``m {d^mo… 194 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 2&5&18)

gËdewÕm¡ Y«wdm ñ‘¥{V… 3 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 7&26&2)

gËdmËg§Om`Vo kmZ‘² 12 (^JdX²JrVm : 14&17)

gËg§à`moJ 142 (O¡{‘{ZgyÌ§ : 1&1&4)

gÑe§ MoîQ>Vo ñdñ`m 264 (^JdX²JrVm : 3&33)

gXod g¡å oX‘J« AmgrX² 9, 189 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 6&2&1)

gÚmoZîQ>ñ‘¥{VJm}nr 31 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 10&8&44)

gÚr ñdßZm¡ yËdo‘‘² 6 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&7)

gpÝZnmVñËdh{‘{V 10 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&25&6)

gå^m{dV§ gd©‘odmà‘mU§ 24 (gw~mo{YZr : 3&26&30)

g‘mZZm‘ê$nËdmÀM 64 (~«÷gyÌ‘² : 1&2&30)

g‘m{hVmË‘Zmo ~«÷Z² 71 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 12&6&37)

g `WmoU©Zm{^ñVÝVwZmoÀMaoV² 196 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&1&20)

gd©H$‘m©{U ‘Zgm 205 (^JdX²JrVm : 5&13)

gd© yVofw oZ¡H$‘² 9 (^JdX²JrVm : 18&20)

gd©Ì {d^mfm Jmo… 96 (nm{U{ZgyÌ : 6&1&122)

315 316

gd©ag… 118 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 3&14&4) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&21)

gd©ê$n^JdËgå~ÝYmV²... 194 (gw~mo{YZr : 2&5&18)

gd© doX‘ oZoX‘² 66 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&9&43)

gdª Ibw BX§ ~«÷ 189 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 3&14&1)

gdª J§Jmg‘§ Vmo ‘² 178 ( )

gdm©{U ê$nm{U {d{MË` Yra… 95 (V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H§$ : 3&12&7) (nwéfgyŠV‘² : 7) ({MË wn{ZfX² : 12&7)

gd}pÝÐ`m{UM 254 (‘wÊS>H$mon{ZfX² : 2&1&3)

gd©EVEd AmË‘mZ… 196


gd}doXm `ËnX‘m‘ZpÝV 64, 97, 98 (H$R>mon{ZfX² : 2&15)

gd}fm‘² AmZÝXmZm‘² 257 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&4&11)

gd}fm§ eãXmZm§ lmoÌ‘² 78 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 2&4&11)

gd}fm§ gVw Zm‘mZm‘² 62 (‘Zwñ‘¥{V… : 1&21)

g{bb EH$mo ÐîQ>m@Û¡V… 157 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&32)

gdm Ef ‘hmZO AmË‘m 221 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&4&22)

g§e`mo@` {dn`m©g… 22 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 3&26&30)

g g‘mZ… gÝZw m¡ 6 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&7)

317 318

gmpËdH$‘oH$mXeH§$ àdV©Vo 256 (gm§»`àdMZgyÌ§ : 2&18)

gwImX`…H$maUg‘doVm… 6 (empÊS>ë`^mî § : )

gwnm§ gwbwJ² 94 (nm{U{ZgyÌ§ : 7&1&39)

gwdJmª dm EVm{Z 118 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&6&1&1)

gy m©MÝÐ‘gm¡ 62, 63, 66 (F$Šg§{hVm : 10&190&1) (‘hmZmamÙmon{ZfX² : 5&7)

g¥ï>rénXYm{V 109 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 5&3&4&7) (eVnW~«m÷U§ : 8&2&6&1)

g¡fm dQ>~rO...‘m`m Mm{dÚm M ñd`‘od d{V 189 (Z¥qghmoÎmaVmnZr`mon{ZfX² : 9)

g¡fm{dÚm OJV² gd©‘² 190 (Z¥qghmoÎmaVmnZr`mon{ZfX² : 9)

gmo@H$m‘`V ~hþñ`m‘² 193 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&6&1&4)

gm¡arä`m‘¥½ä`m§ Jmh©nË o 119 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 6&6&1&1)

pñWa~w{Õag§‘yT>… 6 (^JdX²JrVm : 5&20)

ñ‘¥{VàË`j‘¡{Vh² ‘² 48 (V¡{Îmar`maÊ`H§$ : 1&2&1)

ñ‘¥{Vbå o gd©J«pÝWZm§ {dà‘moj… 31 (N>mÝXmo½`mon{ZfX² : 7&26&2)

ñ‘¥VoíM 119 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 1&2&6&1, 4&3&11&5)

g¥îQ>rénXYm{V 110 (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm : 5&3&4&7&8)

ñd`å yaof ^JdmZ² 70 ( )

ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V ©d{V 34

319 320


ñd`ÄÁ`mo{VîQ²>d 155 (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfX² : 4&3&9)

ñdaV… H$mbV… ñWmZmV² 94 (nm{UZr`{ejm : 10)

ñdJ©H$m‘ 219 (AmnñVå~lm¡VgyÌ§ : 10&2&1)

ñdml`ËdoZ...{‘Ï`mËd‘² 175 (VÎdàXr{nH$m{MËgwIr : 1&7)

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hñVmX`ñVw pñWVoZ¡d‘² 128 (~«÷gyÌ§ : 2&4&6)

{haÊ`nU© à{XdñVo AW©‘² 95 (em~a^mî § : 1&3&9&30)

öVê$n§ Vw V‘gm dm`m¡ 131 (^mJdVnwamU§ : 11&3&14)

321 322

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‘w§~B©‘w{ÐV {ÛVr` g§ñH$aU Jmoñdm{‘-lrnwéfmoÎm‘ …