wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu yd yqjudre lsÍu

2005

ud¾;=

2005 cQks ui wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j u.ska m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,os' 2005 wfm%a,a ui 22 jeks osk wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ wOHlaIl uKav,h úiska wkque;sh ,o" uKav,h úiska 2007 wfm%a,a 9 jeks osk wkqu; lrk ,o iq¿ m%;sm;a;s ixfYdaOkhla iys; ks, m%;sm;a;s m;%fhys h;=re,sÅ; wdlD;shls'

ixlafIamK w' we' ix' nex' - wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j w' i' u' - wkql+,;dj iudf,dapkh lsÍfï uKav,h wd' ix' w' - wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqo, wd' ix' nex' - wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j cd' uQ' ix' - cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj u' w' W' l' - uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj m%' ix' hq' nex' - m%;sks¾udKh yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jk hqfrdamSh nexl=j n' wd' wd' ta' - nyq md¾Yaúl wdfhdack wdrlaIK tackaish n' md' ix' nex' - nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j nd' i' ld' - ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h hq' wd' nex' - hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j ú' jHd' m' i' - úfYaI jHdmD;s myiqlï i,ikakd

w¾: oelaùï (Definitions)

"n,mEug md;% jQ ckhd" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ ^wd' ix' nex'& iydh ,o jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla uÕska w¾:odhS fyda mSvdldÍ n,mEug md;% úh yels j ;sfnk mqoa.,hka h' "we.hSu" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha ^i& rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka iïnkaOfhka kï" we.hSï fufyjr fyda we.hqï fufyjr w;ayer oukq ,nkafka kï tjeks w;ayeÍï wkqu; lrkq ,nk iudf,dapk /iaùu yd ^ii& mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s iïnkaOfhka kï mqoa.,sl wxY Kh lñgqj úiska lrkq ,nk jHdmD;s iudf,dapkh wkqhk fufyjr h' "n,mEug md;% jQ ckhdg ,nd .; yels" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha n,mEug md;% jQ ckhdg f;areï .; yels WÑ; rEmfhka" wdldrfhka yd NdIdjlska yd <Õd úh yels ia:dkhl § ,nd .; yels h hkak h' "uKav,h" hkafkka fjk;a hula úfYaI fldg olajkafka ke;akï" thska woyia lrkqfha wd' ix' nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,h hs' "f,aLkhla" iïmQ¾K lsÍu hkafkka woyia lrkqfha f,aLkh iQodkï lsÍu olajd iy th iQodkï lsÍu iïnkaOfhka j. lsj hq;= wd' ix' nexl= fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wjYH;d imqrd,k wjêh we;=<;a hkak h' "ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha wd' ix' nex' tys fiajd odhlhka" WmfoaYlhka" iuqmfoaYlhka yd fjk;a iïnkaê; md¾Yajhka iuÕ we;s lr .kakd ryiH Ndjh /lSfï .súiqula ke; fyd;a f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fkd lsÍfï .súiqula uÕska wdjrKh flfrk f;dr;=re h' "wjidk jd¾;dj" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha ^i& wjidk jd¾;djla f,i úêu;a j wd' ix' nex' fj; bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk; ^ii& wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla iQodkï lsÍfï § m%udKj;a .=Kd;aul uÜgula Wmfhda.S lr .; hq;= njg wd' ix' nex' ks¾Kh lr ;sfnk; yd ^iii& ;j ÿrg;a fjkia lsÍï wkjYH jd¾;djls' "ft;sydisl f;dr;=re" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha ;j ÿrg;a "il%sh" fkd jk wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o jHdmD;s" jevigyka" m%;sm;a;s yd fmdÿ fufyhqï iïnkaO f;dr;=re h' "m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha wd' ix' nexl=fõ fjí wvúfhka ,nd .; yels hkak h' "h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiau" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha l,ska l,g ixfYdaOkh flfrk mßÈ wiafõÉPdfjka h<s mÈxÑ lr ùï ms<sn| wd' ix' nexl= m%;sm;a;shg wkql+, j ilikq ,nk ljr fyda iïmQ¾K$flá h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiaula yd wiafõÉPdfjka h<s mÈxÑ lr ùï iïnkaO fufyhqï w;afmdf;ys ^Operations Manual& t*a 2$´mS j.ka;sh hs'

"h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï rduqj" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha wiafõÉPdfjka h<s mÈxÑ lr ùu iïnkaO fufyhqï w;afmdf;ys t*a 2$´mS j.ka;shg wkql+, j iQodkï flfrk ljr fyda h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï rduqjls' "uQf,damdh yd jevigyk we.hSï" hkafkka È<s÷lu ms<sn| úYaf,aIK; wd¾Ól úYaf,aIK; ia;%S$mqreI Ndjh" rdcH md,kh" mßirh yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha f;aud.; úYaf,aIK; iy uQf,damdhla yd jevigykla iQodkï lsÍfï § Ndr .kq ,nk wxY we.hSï .ek i|yka flf¾' thg tjeks we.hSïj,g flfrk hdj;ald, lsÍï o we;=<;a fõ' "uQf,damdh yd jevigyk" tfia;a ke; fyd;a "uQf,damdhka yd jevigyka" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha ljr fyda rdIaà%h ^country& uQf,damdhla yd jevigykla" rdIaà%h uQf,damdhla yd jevigyka hdj;ald, lsÍula" l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d uQf,damdhla yd jevigykla tfia;a ke; fyd;a" ljr fyda ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgla i|yd iQodkï lrk ,o l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d uQf,damdhla yd jevigyka hdj;ald, lsÍula h' wkqu; lrk ,o" fnod yßk ,o" iïmQ¾K lrk ,o" ;yjqre lrk ,o" idlÉPd lrk ,o" ksl=;a lrk ,o fyda bÈßm;a lrk ,o "l,ays" hkafkka woyia lrkqfha wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka" fnod yßkq ,eîfuka" iïmQ¾K lrkq ,eîfuka" ;yjqre lrkq ,eîfuka" idlÉPd lrkq ,eîfuka" ksl=;a lrkq ,eîfuka fyda bÈßm;a lrkq ,eîfuka wk;=re j idudkHfhka m%dfhda.sl úh yels yd i;s 2lg ^le,ekavr Èk 14la& jvd l,a .; ùug u;af;ka yels ;rï blaukska hkak h'

igyka

fï jd¾;dj ;=< "$" hkafkka i|yka jkafka tlai;a ckmo fvd,¾ nj i,lkak' uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ^"jkq we;"& hk wkd.; ld, rEmh Ndú; lrkqfha iuyr l¾;jHhka fyda l%shdldrlï bgq lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=jg mj;sk wNsm%dh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd h' wksjd¾h ^"hq;af;a h"& hk wkd.; ld, rEmh Ndú; lrkqfha iudf,dapkd;aul j.lSïj,g wd' ix' nex' olajk wkql+,;ajh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd h'

mgqk

msgqj

kshdul idrdxYh i

i. ye¢kaùu 1

ii. uyck ikaksfõokhka yd ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOl;ajh 3

iii. uyck ikaksfõokhkays ,d wd' ix' nexl=fõ w;aoelSu 4

^w& f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu 4

1' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sfha m%Odk ,laIK 4

2' l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| we.hSu 4

^wd& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg keÕSu 6

1' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sfhys m%Odk ,laIK 6

2' l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| we.hSu 6

^we& ks.ukh 7

iv. m%;sm;a;sh 8

v. uQf,damdh 10

^w& ndysr in|;d 10

1' mQ¾j wjYH;dfjda 10

2' kdhl;ajh yd wNsfm%arKfhda 11

3' b,lal lr .ekqKq fm%alaIl msßia 11

4' b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia lrd <Õd ùu i|yd m%fõYfhda 12

5' m%Odk ikaksfõolfhda 13

^wd& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu 13

1' mßj¾;k 13

2' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqïj,g wod< f;dr;=re 14

3' fjk;a f;dr;=re 24

4' mQ¾jdkqñ; wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g jHd;sf¾l 29

vi. l%shd;aul lsÍfï úêúOdk 32

^w& N+ñldjka yd j.lSï 32

1' md,l uKav,h 32

2' ish¨ fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, 33

3' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,h 33

4' ksfhdað; ld¾hd, yd ¥; uKav, 35

5' Kh .ekqïlrefjda yd jHdmD;s wkq.%dylfhda 36

6' uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj 36

^wd& f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk l%shd mámdàka 37

1' m%.dó wkdjrK lsÍï 37

2' jHd;sf¾l mokï fldg .;a f;dr;=re i|yd jk b,a,Sï 37

3' b,a,Sï bÈßm;a l< hq;= NdIdj 38

4' m%p,s; f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaùu

i|yd jk ld, iSudjka 38

5' meñKs,s 38

6' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re i|yd b,a,Sï 38

^we& l%shd;aul jk Èkh yd ixl%uKSh ld, mßÉfþoh 39

^wE& wëlaIKh yd jd¾;dlrKh 39

^b& iudf,dapkh yd ixfYdaOk 39

vii. ld¾h uKav, iïmdokh yd iïm;a ms<sn| .uHfhda ^ implications& 40

^w& ndysr in|;d 40

^wd& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu 41

viii. wkql+,;d iudf,dapkh 42

ix. ks¾foaY lsÍu 42

md§h igyka 43

1 jk Wm .%ka:h 46

fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j, ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%jK;d 46

^w& ndysr in|;d yd fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl= 46

^wd& fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j, f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍï 45

2 jeks Wm .%ka:h 54

l%shdldß;aj we.hSï wdlD;sh 54

wkqmQrl Wm .%ka:h ^b,a¨ï l< úg ,nd .; yels h& 1

ndysr WmfoaYk l%shdoduh yd m%;sM, 2

i

kshdul idrdxYh ^EXECUTIVE SUMMARY& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ld¾hidOl wdh;khla njg m;a ùu i|yd th mq¿,a mrdihl ckhd yd ixúOdk iuÕ lghq;= l< hq;= h' th Yla;su;a yd ld¾hidOl iyNd.sl;ajhka ks¾udKh lrkag woyia lrkafka kï wd' ix' nex' mq¿,a f,i m%p,s; úh hq;= j ;sfí; tys wNsm%dhka yd wruqKq meyeÈ,s úh hq;= w;r ukdj jgyd .; hq;= j ;sfí; ;j o" th jD;a;suh" m%;sM, ÈYdk; yd m%dfhda.sl wdh;khla f,i f.!rjhg md;% úh hq;= j ;sfí' úYajdih Èkd .ekSug yd iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okhg iyfhda.h m< lsÍug wd' ix' nex' újD; Ndjh yd j.W;a;r iemhSug we;s iQodku m%o¾Ykh l< hq;= h' fuh l< hq;= jkafka tys ish¨ u fldgia ysñhka iuÕ m%.dó j f;dr;=re fnod .ekSu yd Tjqkaf.ka fmr<d m%;sfmdaIKh ùug W;aidy oeÍu uÕsks' ;j o" wd' ix' nex' tys md¾Yajlrejkaf.ka f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaúh hq;= h' M,odhS ndysr in|;d yd f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu - tkï" jvd;a újD; yd m%.dó uyck ikaksfõokhka - fï iyNd.sl;ajhka f.dv keÕSfï ,d m%Odk uQ,sldx. fjhs' .; jQ oYlh ;=< mD:q, újD; Ndjh yd f;dr;=re lrd m%fõY ùfï ud¾. i,id .ekSfï ÈYdjg meyeÈ,s f.da,Sh keUqre;djla mej;S ;sfí' f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okh i|yd w;HjYH neõ oeka m<,a f,i ms<s.kq ,efí' f.da,Sh ikaksfõok úma,jh;a iuÕ ne÷Kq mdroDYH;dj foig jk fï keUqrej rdcH" fm!oa.,sl yd ,dN fkd ,nk wxYj, mj;akd wdh;k uÕska imhkq ,nk f;dr;=rej, iajNdjh" mrdih yd tajd fnod yeÍu .ek uyck wfmalaIdjka by< kxjd we;' wd' ix' nex' tys ixikaol wdh;k o fndfyda wdKavqj, yd idudðl rgj,a ;=< mqoa.,sl wxYfha Ndú;hka yd uyck wfmalaIdjka iuÕ wkqrEm j mej;Sug jvd;a mD:q, újD; Ndjfhka hq;a kj hq.hg wkqj¾;kh úh hq;= h' wd' ix' nexl=fõ uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ^Policy& wd' ix' nexl=jg jvd;a ld¾h idOl wkaoñka ikaksfõokh lsÍug yels lr jk rduqjla imhd fohs' th 1994 § iïu; lr .ekqKq f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh yd f;dr;=rej, ryiH Ndjh yd wkdjrKh lsÍu ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh hk m%;sm;a;s fol úia:dmkh lrhs' th wd' ix' nex' uyckhdg ,nd .ekSug i,iajk f;dr;=rej, úIh m:h yd udÈ,sh m%idrKh lrhs' fï m%;sm;a;sfhka wd' ix' nex' flfrys md¾Yajlrejkaf.a úYajdih yd wd' ix' nex' iuÕ ld¾h ksr; ùug we;s yelshdj iúu;a lsÍu wruqKq flf¾' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqïj, jvd mD:q, ixj¾Ok n,mEula mj;akd nj iy;sl lsÍug m%;sm;a;sh my; oelafjk wxY m%j¾Okh lrhs'

* wd' ix' nexl=fõ l%shdldrlï" m%;sm;a;s" uQf,damdhka" wruqKq yd m%;sM, .ek oekqj;alu yd wjfndaOh;

* ixj¾Ok .eg¨ iïnkaO kejqï yd kùldrl m¾hdf,dalhka iemhSu msKsi

ixj¾Ok oekqu yd W.;a mdvï fnod yod .ekSu yd yqjudre lr .ekSu; • iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd jHdmD;sfha n,mEug md;% jk

ckhd we;=<;a wd' ix' nex' yd tys md¾Yajlrejka w;r f;dr;=re ms<sn| jvd mq¿,a .,d hdula; iy

ii

* wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï ms<sn| mdroDYH;dj yd j.W;a;r iemhSug ne|S isàu'

fï wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu i|yd wd' ix' nex' tys oekqu yd md¾Yajlrejka yd fmdÿ ckhd iuÕ th bgq lrk ld¾hka ms<sn| f;dr;=re fnod yod .kq we;' ryiH Ndjh /lSu i|yd n, flfrk fya;=jla fkd ue;s ;;= ;=< wd' ix' nex' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< yels njg mQ¾jdkqudk lrkq we;; m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wd' ix' nex' m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels njg m;a lrk f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug ck;djg iudk wjia:d ;sìh hq;= h' wd' ix' nex' ms<sn| oekqj;a Ndjh yd wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu È<s÷lu" f.da,Sh wkdrlaIs; Ndjh" mdßißl iu;=,s;;dj wdrlaId lr .ekSu yd wd¾Ól wksYaÑ;;dj we;=¿ wm Ôj;a jk hq.fha w;sYh ;SrKd;aul wNsfhda. w;=ßka iuyrlg m%;spdr olajk f,i b,a,d kefÕk tkag tkag u by< hk mSvkhlg wd' ix' nex' uqyqK fohs' wdishdkq yd meis*sla l,dmfha .dul n,h wd' ix' nex' l%shd;aul jk rgj,a f.da,Sh m%;sM, we;s lrñka mßj¾;khlg ,la lrñka isáhs' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka l,dmfha ixj¾Ok wNsfhda.hkag úfYaI{ oekqu yd wka;¾ {dkh imhk f,i wdKavqj,ska o jHdmdßl wdh;kj,ska yd isú,a iudcfhka o wd' ix' nexl=jg flfrk b,a,Sï fkd kj;ajd u jeä fjñka mj;S' wd' ix' nex' tys nqoaêuh kdhl;ajh iúu;a l< hq;= w;r l,dmh .ek th i;= ie,lsh hq;= oekqu jvd ld¾h idOl f,i meyeÈ,s j oelaùug yd ikaksfõokh lsÍug mshjr .; hq;= h' idudðl rgj, wdKavq o mqj;am;a l,dfõ§ka o isú,a iudc ixúOdk yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ ld¾h uKav,h o f,dj b;d u ckdlS¾K l,dmh uqyqK fok ;SrKd;aul wd¾Ól yd iudc .eg¨ .ek wd' ix' nex' l:d lsÍfï yd tajdg ijka §fï wjYH;dj m%ldY lr ;sfí' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï .ek jvd;a m%.dó ikaksfõokhla i|yd o wd' ix' nex' .ek jvd;a mq¿,a f;dr;=re jHdma; lr yeÍu i|yd o wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï .ek f;dr;=re jvd fyd¢ka ,nd .ekSu i|yd o wdh;kuh hka;%Khka iemhSu uÕska m%;sm;a;sh fï W;aiql;djkag wduka;%Kh lrhs' fï m%;sm;a;sh ;=<ska wd' ix' nex' tys idudðlhka o isú,a iudc ixúOdk o jHdmdßl wdh;k o udOHhka o wOHdmk wdh;k o ixj¾Ok yjq,alrejka yd fmdÿ uy ck;dj o wd' ix' nex' wdishdkq meis*sla l,dmh ;=< È<s÷lu my; fy<Sfuys ,d tys N+ñldj iïnkaO wjfndaOh iúu;a lsÍug W;aidy orhs' ixj¾Ok oekqu fnod yod .ekSu yd tys m%;sM, wd' ix' nexl=jg tys lghq;= ms<sn| j ck;djg meyeÈ,s iu;=,s; Ñ;%hla iemhSfï j.lSula ;sfí' tu;= fkd j" iyi%l ixj¾Ok b,lalhka uq÷ka m;a lr .ekSu i|yd rglg wdOdr fnod yeÍfï § yd tys ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgj,g Wmldr lsÍfï § wd' ix' nex' oeka m%;sM, mokï lr .;a l<ukdlrK m%fõYhla uq¿ukska u wkqu; lrk fyhska tajdfha m%;sM, jd¾;d lsÍug uyckhd fjkqfjka thg jvd mD:q, j.lSula o mj;S' wdOdr imhk rgj, ySk fjñka mj;sk iïm;a i|yd jk ;rÕh by< hdu;a iuÕ ixj¾Ok jevigykaj, msßjeh - M,odhs;ajh ms<sn| j jvd mq¿,a uyck iqmßlaIdldß;ajhla olakg ,efí' wd' ix' nex' jákd wOHhkhka úYd, ixLHdjla

iii

bÈßm;a lrk w;r tajdfha fidhd .ekSï yd m%ldYs; wka;¾ {dkh mq¿,a f,i jHdma; l< hq;= j ;sfí' m%;sm;a;sh fï wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK fohs' w;aoelSfuka bf.kSu uÕska l%shdldß;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSug oefrk m%h;akhka ;=< § m%;sm;a;sh ch.%yK fuka u wid¾:l;ajhka yd wfmalaId Nx.;ajhka o jd¾;d lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=jg bv fohs' yqfola ksfYaOd;aul ùu fya;= fldg f.k f;dr;=re ksl=;a fkd lr r|jd fkd ;nkq we;' tjka újD; Ndjhla m%;sm;a;s yd fufyhqï .ek ks¾udKd;aul ixjdohla Èß .kajkq we;' uyck wdh;khla yeáhg wd' ix' nex' tys lghq;= iïnkaOfhka j.W;a;r iemhsh hq;= jkafka h' ikaksfõokh Yla;su;a lsÍu wd' ix' nex' ixj¾Ok lghq;=j, ld¾h idOl Ndjh iy;sl lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o fufyhqïj, n,mEug md;% jQ ck;dj i|yd Tjqkaf.a Ôú; flfrys n,mdk ;SrK .ek Tjqka oekqj;a lrkq ,eîug yd Tjqkag tlS ;SrK flfrys n,mEï we;s lsÍug we;s wjia:d jHdma; l< hq;= h' ;SrK .ekSfï § jvd mq¿,a m%cd.K uÜgfï iyNd.sl;ajhlg myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd wd' ix' nex' idudðl rgj, wdKavq yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhka md¾Yajlrejkag tajd oekqï §u i|yd l%shdoduhka yev .iajd .ekSu;a Tjqkag ish m%;sfmdaIK bÈßm;a lsÍug;a bv ,nd §u wjYH h' jHdmD;sj, id¾:l;ajh fndfyda úg r|d mj;afka uyck;dj m%cd.Khka yd ixúOdk o iuÕ úYajdih f.dv kÕd .ekSu;a jHdmD;sj, wruqKq meyeÈ,s lr,Su;a foaYSh wdodkhka ^inputs& ,nd .ekSu yd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul jk m%foaY ;=< Ôj;a jk ckhdf.a lem ùu iqrlaIs; lr .ekSu;a u; h' wd' ix' nexl=jg jHdmD;sj,ska m%;s,dN ,nkakka yd tys n,mEug ,la jk fjk;a ckhd iuÕ ish iïnkaOh iúu;a lr .ekSug wjYH kï th tys ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s" l%shd ms<sfj;a yd yelshdjka by< uÜgulg kexúh hq;= h' m%;sm;a;sh wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o l%shdldrlï .ek f;dr;=re yd woyia ,nd .ekSug W;aidy oeÍug o tajd ,nd .ekSug yd ;j;a whg okajd isàug o ck;djg we;s whs;shg iydh olajhs' m%;sm;a;sh ;=<ska ksis l,g" meyeÈ,s j yd wod< wdldrhg f;dr;=re iemhSug yd jHdmD;s ie,iqïj,g w¾:j;a wdodkhka iemhSug Tjqkag m%udKj;a ;rï l,a we;s j bv ,efnk mßÈ jHdmD;sfha n,mEug md;% jk ckhd iuÕ f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSug wd' ix' nex' W;aidy orhs' mdroDYH;dj m%j¾Okh lsÍu mdroDYH;dj ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOl;ajh iúu;a lrkjd muKla fkd j wdh;kh flfrys uyckhd ;=< mj;akd úYajdih o j¾Okh lrk nj wd' ix' nex' ms<s.kshs' wd' ix' nex' mdroDYH;dj ms<sn| idOkSh wdo¾Yhla njg m;a ùug yd mdroDYH;dj ms<sn| .eg¨ iïnkaOfhka th ish idudðlhkag imhk WmfoaYh wkqj wLKav j l%shd lsÍug W;aidy orhs' ffk;sl yd m%dfhda.sl lreKq fya;= fldg f.k iïmQ¾K wkdjrKh lsÍï yeu úg u l< fkd yels nj o wd' ix' nex' jgyd .kshs' wd' ix' nex' woyia .fõIKh lsÍu" f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu yd wNHka;ßl j yd tys idudðlhka iuÕ újD; idlÉPd

iv

meje;aùu wjYH fjhs' tfia lsÍu uÕska wd' ix' nex' tys ld¾h uKav,fha fm!oa.,sl Ndjh iqrlaIs; l< hq;= w;r mqoa.,sl jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhkaf.a yd fiajd odhlhkaf.a ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re wdrlaId l< hq;= h' flfia fj;;a" jHd;sf¾lhka ^exceptions& iSud iys; fjhs' m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lsÍu wd' ix' nex' tys fmdÿ uQ,O¾u l%shd;aul lsÍug Ndú; lrk uQf,damdhla m%;sm;a;sh ;=< wka;¾.; fjhs' uQf,damdh wd' ix' nex' tys ndysr in|;d jvd;a m%.dó njg m;a lsÍug yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s ud¾. m%j¾Okh lsÍug f;dard .kakd m%fõYhka úia;r lrhs' uQf,damdh f;dr;=re m%p,s; lsÍu" f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu yd ne÷ïlr orkakkaf.ka m%;sfmdaIK ^feedback& ,eîu" wd' ix' nex' <Õd ùug wruqKq lrk m%Odk fm%alaIl msßia" mßj¾;k lghq;= yd m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd j.lsj hq;= mqoa.,hkaf.a N+ñldjka úia;r lr olajhs' flakaø.; flreKq ndysr in|;d uQf,damdhla w¾: oelaùu uÕska wd' ix' nex' tys m%fõYhka iúu;a o mssßmyÿ o lrkq we;' wd' ix' nex' tys idudðlhkag jeo.;a jk .eg¨ iïnkaOfhka meyeÈ,s wdia:dkhka j¾Okh o fulS wdia:dkhka meyeÈ,s lr,Sug tys f;dr;=re ksmehqï m%j¾Okh o jvd mq¿,a f,i jHdma; o lrkq we;' ixúOdkh we;=<; u ndysr in|;djkaf.a jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lr,Su i|yd wd' ix' nex' tys ixúOdkd;aul úê úOdk fm< .iajkq we;s w;r Bg wkql+, j tys ld¾h uKav,fha ksmqK;d iïñY%Kh ^skillsmix& fjkia lrkq we;' jvd;a mq¿,a mdroDYH;djla iy;sl lsÍug wd' ix' nex' tys rdcH yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha fufyhqï wdjrKh flfrk fmdÿfõ ,nd .; yels f;dr;=rej, jdish jHdma; lrñka isáhs' wd' ix' nex' bÈßm;a lrk ksYaÑ; f,aLk yd fjk;a f;dr;=re úia;r lr olajk uQf,damdh fmdÿfõ ,nd .; yels f,aLk yd f;dr;=re fudkjd o hkak fmkakqï lrk w;r i;H hehs yÕsk wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g jHd;sf¾l j mj;sk oE ,ehsia;=.; lrhs' iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g iydh oelaùug wd' ix' nex' jHdmD;sj, n,mEug ,la jk ckhdg f;dr;=re imhkq we;' uQf,damdh wd' ix' nexl=fõ ld¾h uKav,h woyia" WmfoaY" úfõpk yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ lghq;= iïnkaO wfkla m%;sfmdaIKhkag ksis ie,ls,a, fhduq flfrk nj iy;sl lrhs' th m%;sfmdaIK imhk md¾Yajlrejkag wd' ix' nex' m%;spdrh meyeÈ,s j ikaksfõokh lrkq ,nkafka flfia o hkak o úia;r lr olajhs' fmdÿ wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqjla m%;sm;a;sfhys wkdjrKd;aul wjYH;d w¾:l:kh lsÍu" wëlaIKh lsÍu yd iudf,dapkh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka j. lshkq we;' wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,h ish¨ u fmdÿ f;dr;=re l%shdldrlï iïnkaO flakaøSh ,laIHh jkq we;s w;r m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu yd th wLKav j Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu iïnkaOfhka iïmQ¾K j.lSu Wiq,kq we;' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,h m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| mqyqKq lsÍï fufyh jkq we;' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,fhys msysgqjd we;s kj fmdÿ f;dr;=re yd wkdjrK tallh m%;sm;a;sfhys wkdjrKd;aul wjYH;djka wëlaIKh o ikaksfõok ie,iqï j¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j,g Wmldr o fmdÿ f;dr;=re uOHia:dkhkaf.a cd,hla ks¾udKh lsÍu yd mßj¾;k lghq;= ms<sn| rduqjla o ia:dmkh lsÍu o lrkq we;'

v

m%;sm;a;sh jQ l,s wd' ix' nex' ms<sn| j yd l,dmfha ixj¾Ok wNsfhda.hka ms<sn| oekqj;a Ndjh yd wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï ÈYdjg ;nk m%:u mshjr fõ' wd' ix' nex' wdishdkq meis*sla l,dmh ;=< tys ld¾hka yd m%;sM, ms<sn| meyeÈ,s" iu;=,s; Ñ;%hla fmdÿ ck;djg imhd §u wruqKq lrhs' oekqu ld¾h idOl wkaoñka jHdma; lr,Su ;=<ska wd' ix' nexl=jg jvd mD:q, ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOl;ajhla w;a m;a lr .; yels h'

1

wd' ix' nexl=fõ uyck in|;d m%;sm;a;sh

f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu yd yqjudrej

1' ye¢kaùu 1' wd' ix' nex' wm Ôj;a jk hq.fha jeo.;a mßY%uhka w;=ßka tll ksr; j isáhs -

tkï" È<s÷lug tfrys igfkys h' Èklg tla fvd,rhlg;a wvq wdodhulska Èú .eg .id .kakd ñ,shk 700la ;rï u jk ck;djla o Èklg fvd,¾ 2lg wvq wdodhulska Èú .eg .id .kakd y;frka mx.=jlg wêl ì,shk 1'9la ;rï u jk ck;djla o Ôj;a jk l,dmh ;=< th tys lghq;= lr f.k hhs'

2' wd' ix' nex' È<s÷lu my; fy<Sug fohdldrhlska lghq;= lrhs'i th È<s÷lu my;

fy<Sug yd wd¾Ól j¾Okh by< oeóug uQ,Huh iydh ,nd fok w;r idudðl rgj, wdKavq ck;djg Tjqkaf.a Ôjk ;;ajhka jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSug Wmldr lrk m%;sm;a;s yd wdh;k yev .iajd .ekSu;a iuÕ tajdg wruqKq yd wka;¾ {dkhla imhd fohs'

3' ld¾h idOl Ndjh w;a lr .ekSug kï wd' ix' nex' mq¿,a mrdihl ck;djla yd

ixúOdk iuÕ lghq;= l< hq;= h' Yla;su;a yd M,odhS yjq,aldß;ajhka ìys lrkag kï wd' ix' nex' mq¿,a m%isoaêhla ,nd .; hq;= w;r tys wNsfm%arKhka yd wruqKq meyeÈ,s j yd ukdj jgyd .; hq;= h' tu;= fkd j" thg jD;a;suh" m%;sM, ÈYdk; yd m%dfhda.sl wdh;khla f,i ie,ls,s oelaúh hq;= h' úYajdih Èkd .ekSug yd iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okhg iyfhda.h ,nd §ug wd' ix' nex' újD; Ndjh yd j. W;a;r iemhSug ne|S isák nj m%o¾Ykh l< hq;= h' fuh isÿ l< yelafla tys md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ m%.dó j f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu yd Tjqkaf.ka m%;sfmdaIK ,nd .ekSug jEhï lsÍu uÕsks'ii wd' ix' nex' tys md¾Yajlrejkaf.ka f;dr;=re i|yd bÈßm;a jk b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr o oelaúh hq;= h'

4' M,odhl ndysr in|;d iy f;dr;=re wkdjrKh - tkï" jvd újD; yd m%.dó fmdÿ

ikaksfõokhka - fï yjq,aldß;ajh f.dv keÕSfï m%Odk uQ,sldx.fhda fj;a' wd' ix' nex' fuh tys §¾> ld,Sk uQf,damdhd;aul rduqj ^Long-Term Strategic Framework, 2001-2005&iii yd oekqï l<ukdlrK rduqj ;=< ms<sf.k ;sfí'iv

5' .; jQ oYlh ;=< jvd mD:q, újD; Ndjhla yd f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï ud¾. lrd

m%fõY ùula foig meyeÈ,s f.da,Sh Wmk;shla mej;S ;sfnk w;rv iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okhg f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu w;HjYH nj oeka mD:q, f,i ms<s.kq ,efí' mdroDYH Ndjh yd f.da,Sh ikaksfõok úma,jh lrd jk fï Wmk;sh rdcH" mqoa.,sl yd ,dN fkd ,nk lafIa;%j,g wh;a wdh;k uÕska imhkq ,nk f;dr;=rej, udÈ,sh" mrdih yd fnod yeÍu .ek fmdÿ wfmalaIdjka by< kxjd ;sfí' wd' ix' nex' tys ixikaol wdh;k o idudðl rgj,a fndfyduhl wdKavq yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha l%shd ms<sfj;a yd uyck wfmalaIdjka o iuÕ tl ;,hl isàu i|yd jvd mq¿,a újD; Ndjfhka hq;a kj hq.hg wkqj¾;kh úh hq;= h'vi

6' fï lafIa;%h ;=< wd' ix' nexl=fõ oekg mj;akd m%;sm;a;svii 1990 .Kka olajd

w;S;hg Èfjk w;r tajd hdj;ald, ^update& lsÍu fhda.H j mj;S' 2003 uehs udifha § wd' ix' nex' iNdm;sjrhd ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,fha m%Odk wOHlaIjrhdf.a iNdm;s;ajfhka hq;a fufyhqï lñgqjla m;a lf<a h' f;dr;=rej,

2

ryiH Ndjh yd wkdjrKh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;sh ^Disclosure Policy& yd f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh yd uQf,damdh ^Information Policy& iudf,dapkh lsÍug yd kj taldnoaO m%;sm;a;shla j¾Okh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka rdcH" mqoa.,sl yd ,dN fkd ,nk wxY ;=< md¾Yajlrejkaf.ka m%.dó f,i woyia úuiSu fï lñgqjg Ndr úh'

7' ,sÅ; m%ldY b,a,d isàug w;sf¾l j" wd' ix' nexl=j l,dmh we;=<; yd msg;

Wkkaÿj;a md¾Yajhkaf.a mq¿,a mrdihl woyiaj,g ijka §ug idudðl rgj,a fndfyda ixLHdjla ;=< WmfoaYk uKav, 15la meje;aù h' iïmQ¾K jYfhka jevuq¨j,g yd weisÈis ine¢ iuq¨j,g ^Viedeo Conferences& 430lg wêl mqoa.,fhda iyNd.S jQy' iudf,dapk l%shdoduh ms<sn| jeä ÿr úia;r yd ndysr u;hka ms<sn| idrdxYhla w;sf¾l Wm .%ka:h ;=< olajd we; ^fuh b,a¨ï l< úg ,nd .; yels h&'

8' fï ,shú,a, fï iudf,dapkfha m%;sM, jd¾;d lrk w;r uyckhd iuÕ mj;ajk

ikaksfõokh ms<sn| wd' ix' nexl=fõ kj ms<sfj; bÈßm;a lrhs' th oekg mj;akd m%;sm;a;s kj m%;sm;a;sj,ska úia:dmkh lrkq we;'

ii' uyck ikaksfõokh yd ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOl;ajh

1 jeks fldgqj

ndysr in|;d hkq ljf¾ o@ ndysr in|;d hk moh ndysr .kqfokqlrejka yd fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ in|;djkag t<U isák lsis hï ixúOdkhl lghq;=j, ish¨ wxY wdjrKh lrhs' óg fndfyda uÜgïj, - ;Srlhka" n,mEug md;% jQjka" rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk" WmfoaYlhka" wOHdmk{hka" mqoa.,sl wxYfha yjq,alrejka yd fiajd imhkakka" udOH iuÕ - yd fndfyda fya;= lrK fldg f.k - ie,iqïj,g uq, msÍug o jHdmD;s yd jevigyka l%shd;aul lsÍug o f;dr;=re iemhSug o NdKav yd fiajd iemhSu i|yd jk .súiqïj,g tlÕ ùug yd tajd imqrd,Sug o iyfhda.S in|;d cd,hka yd jev lsÍfï úê úOdk ia:dmkh lsÍug yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ jev yd wruqKq meyeÈ,s lr §ug yd m%;sfmdaIK ,nd .ekSug isÿ flfrk wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajhka we;=<;a fjhs' meyeÈ,s j u wd' ix' nexl=fõ fiajh lrk ish,af,da u tys md¾Yaj Ñ;%h ^Profile& yd lS¾;sh iúu;a lsÍug o mj;ajd .ekSug yd wdrlaId lsÍug o tys ndysr in|;d f.dv kexùfï j.lSug fmdÿfõ Wr fo;s'

wd' ix' nexl=fõ .kqfokqlrefjda yd fm%alaIl msßia

ixj¾Ok ixúOdk

wdOdr fok rgj,a" mqoa.,sl wxYh u; m< lrk kdhlfhda wdOdr fok rgj, isú,a iudch ;Srlfhda ixj¾Okh fjñka n,mEug md;% jQ mj;sk idudðl rgj," wd' ix' nex' ckhd u; m< lrk kdhlfhda ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudkH ck;dj idudðl rgj, ;Srlfhda

3

9' wd' ix' nex' jvd;a m%p,s; lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu yd .re lghq;= wdh;khla njg m;a

lsÍu wruqKq lrk ld¾h idOl ndysr in|;d ^1 jeks fldgqj& lafIa;% .Kkdjla ;=< wd' ix' nexl=fõ ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOl;ajhg iydh olajkq we;' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fldgia ysñhkag ixj¾Ok ld¾hfhys ,d th ld¾h idOl N+ñldjla bgq lrñka isák nj;a tys N+ñldj wOHdmk{hka isú,a jeishka yd udOH úiska ms<s.kq ,nk nj;a iïnkaOfhka h<s iy;sl ùula wjYH flfrhs' fï ish¨ fldgia ;u ;ukaf.a rgj,a ;=< jvd;a mq¿,a ck;djla u; wkqyi m;=rej;s' wd' ix' nex' úiska mlaI j l:d lrkq ,nk m%;sm;a;s yd l%shdud¾. ixj¾Ok úfYaI{hka" udOH yd isú,a iudch úiska jvd fyd¢ka f;areï .kq ,nkafka kï ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj,a ;=< tajdg jeä iyfhda.hla ,efnkq we;'

10' wdOdr fok rgj,a ;=< ks, ixj¾Ok iydhl whjeh f,aLk i|yd ySk fjñka

mj;sk wruqo,a ,nd .ekSu i|yd j¾Okh jk ;rÕhla mj;sk w;r wdKavq ;ukaf.a oaúmd¾Yaúl jevigykaj,g o f.da,Sh nyqmd¾Yaúl wdh;kj,g yd wd' ix' nex' n÷ l,dmSh wdh;kj,g o fjka lrkq ,nk iïm;aj,ska ,efnk m%;s,dNj, w.h i,ld ne,sh hq;= h' uQ,H yd wdOdr wud;HdxY ks,OdÍkag o foaYmd,k kdhlhkag o ;ukaf.a nÿ f.jkakkaf.a uqo,a M,odhS wkaoñka úhoï lrk njg h<s iy;sl ùula wjYH jkjd muKla fkd j uyckhd fuh tfia jk nj mila lr .ks;s'

11' ld¾h idOl ndysr in|;djkag jeo.;alula mejÍug ;j;a fya;= mj;S' ixúOdkh

ms<sn| jvd mq¿,a jegySula yd ta flfrys .re;ajhla mej;Su wdOdr fok yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgj,aj, u; m< lrk kdhlhka iuÕ yjq,aldß;ajhka m%j¾Okh lrkq we;' fjk;a m%;s,dN w;r fuh by< .=Kd;aul w.hlska hq;a wd' ix' nexl= ld¾h uKav,hla wdl¾IKh lr .ekSug yd tjekakl fiajh ,nd .ekSug WmldÍ jkq we;' n,mEug md;% jk ck;dj iuÕ jvd;a m%.dó ikaksfõokhla we;s lr .ekSu jHdmD;s ie,iqïj, yd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍfï .=Kd;aul Ndjh jeä ÈhqKq lr we;'

12' ld¾h idOl ikaksfõokhla i|yd;a mq¿,a mrdihl m¾Yajlrejka iuÕ M,odhS

in|;d f.dv kÕd .ekSu i|yd;a m%.dó f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍï mQ¾j wjYH;djla fjhs' ksis l,g" wod<" <Õd úh yels f;dr;=re iemhSulska f;dr j" jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍug Ndr .kq ,nk m%cdjkaf.ka woyia úuiSfï fyda Wmfoia ,nd .ekSfï ld¾h idOl;ajh nrm;< f,i ySk ù hkq we;' f;dr;=re wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,nk jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jk ck;djg jHdmD;shl jdis yd wjdis ksis mßÈ úYaf,aIKh lsÍug o ie,eiau yd th l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| idlÉPdjg jvd M,odhS j odhl ùug o bv ,nd fokq we;' wjidkfha fï l%shdoduh jeä jdis iy.; yd oeßh yels jHdmD;Ska lrd uÕ mdokq we;'

13' mdroDYH;dj wd¾Ól j¾Okfha o uQ,Huh ia:djr;ajfha yd ld¾h idOl md,kfha o

jeo.;a uQ,sldx.hla fjhs'viii f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s wjia:d jeä lsÍu uÕska imhkq ,nk jvd mq¿,a mdroDYH;dj rdcH wdh;k yd mqoa.,sl ixúOdk ;=< taldnoaO;dj iúu;a lrkq we;'

14' wjidk jYfhka" rdcH wdh;k uÕska f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug mlaI j

iodpdruh ;¾lhla mj;S' tlaflda f;dr;=re oek .ekSug we;s whs;sh ms<sn| kS;sh ;=<ska fyda tfia;a ke;s kï wdKavql%u jHjia:duh m%;smdok ;=<ska wdKavqj i;= j mj;sk f;dr;=re m%isoaêhg m;a l< hq;= nj oeka fndfyduhla wd' ix' nexl=

4

idudðlfhda ms<s.ks;s' fmdÿ wdh;khla jYfhka wd' ix' nex' m%isoaêfha j. W;a;r iemhSug ne|S isáhs' f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï wjia:djkaf.ka f;dr j j. W;a;r iemhSfï ;;ajhla w;a m;a lr .; fkd yels h'

iii' uyck ikaksfõokhkays ,d wd' ix' nexl=fõ w;aoelSu

^w& f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu

1' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sfha m%Odk ,laIK

15' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh ^Information Policy& wd' ix' nexl=fõ uQf,damdhd;aul kHdh m;%hg yd tys wruqKqj,g iydh olajhs' th iu¾mKh lsÍug we;s mKsjqvh" <Õd úh hq;= j ;sfnk b,lalh yd Wmfhda.S lr .; hq;= j ;sfnk fnod yeÍfï l%ufõohka y÷kd .kshs' thg m%Odk mKsjqv y;rla ;sfí( ^i& wd' ix' nex' wdishdkq yd meis*sla l,dmh ;=< l,a mj;akd wd¾Ól j¾Okh fmdaIKh lrhs' fuh ish¨ idudðl rgj, m%fhdackh i|yd fjhs; ^ii& wd' ix' nex' w;HjYH ixj¾Ok N+ñldjla imqrd,hs; ^iii& wd' ix' nex' wd¾Ól yd iudÔh fjki i|yd W;afm%arlhla fjhs; ^iv& wd' ix' nex' l,dmSh yd Wm l,dmSh iyfhda.s;dj fmdaIKh lrhs' th fï mKsjqv i|yd b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia yd mKsjqvh Tjqka fj; iïfm%aIKh lr yeÍfï úúO ud¾. ksYaph lr .kshs'

2' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| we.hSu

16' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh f;dard .;a ;eka mgka .; jQ oYlhka ;=< wd' ix' nex' isú,a iudc lKavdhï o ixj¾Ok ixúOdk yd cd;Hka;r yd foaYSh udOH o we;=<;a b,lal fm%alaIl msßia úYd, ixLHdjla iuÕ tys in|;djka jHdma; lr Yla;su;a lr ;sfí' th mq¿,a fm%alaIl ck;djlg m%jD;a;s yd woyia fnod yer ;sfí' th m%;spdrd;aul f;dr;=re m;=rejd yeÍfï isg b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ m%.dó jHdjD; ùï lrd udre ùug mgka f.k ;sfí'

17' fhduq i,l=Kq ^benchmarks& fyda wëlaIK rduqjla fkd ue;s ;;ajhla hgf;a fï

olajd m%.;sh f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sfha ^Information Policy& wruqK uq÷ka m;a lr .ekSug m%udKj;a fõ o hkak ;lafiare lr .ekSu ÿIalr h' flfia fj;;a" m%;sm;a;sh f;dard .kakd ,o ;eka mgka .; jQ oYlhka ;=< wd' ix' nex' tys fufyhqïj, úúO wxY ms<sn| j iudf,dapk úYd, ixLHdjla fufyhjd ;sfí' È.= ld,Sk uQf,damdhd;aul rduqj - Long-Term Strategic Framework ^2001-2005&" ¥; uKav, m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;s iudf,dapkh - Review of Progress in implementation of the Resident Mission Policy ^2000& iy wd' ix' nex' m%;sixúOdkh lsÍu - Reorganization of the Asian Development Bank ^2001& hk fï ish,a, jvd Yla;su;a ndysr in|;djkaf.a wjYH;dj biau;= fldg fmkaù h' uQ,ia:dk yd lafIa;% hk uÜgï foflys § u wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ndysr iudf,dapk tl u ks.ukhg <Õd jQ w;r ndysr in|;d iúu;a lsÍu i|yd .; hq;= mshjr ks¾foaY lf<a h ^m%Odk mdvï i|yd 2 jeks fldgqj n,kak&' fï ks¾foaY w;=ßka l%shdjg kÕk ,oafoa iaj,amhla muKs'

18' t<ôh yels j ;sfnk ks.ukh jkafka ndysr fm%alaIl msßia w;r wd' ix' nex' ms<sn|

j mj;akd oekqj;alu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfuys ,d ,nd we;s m%.;sh fkd ;ld wd' ix' nex' wdishdfõ yd meis*sla l,dmfha ixj¾Ok ld¾hfhys ,d th bgq lrk N+ñldj iuÕ

5

iudkqmd;sl jk fmdÿ wdxYsl oiqkla ;j u;a w;r lr f.k fkd ue; hkak h' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh ,shk ,oafoa ixj¾Okh i|yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ odhl;ajhg th u idlaIs orK nj;a tlS odhl;ajh meyeÈ,s lsÍug yd Wiia fldg oelaùu wkjYH lghq;a;la j mej;s nj;a wd' ix' nex' úiska i,lkq ,enQ ld, mßÉfþofha § h' ta ksid wd' ix' nex' b;d u iaj,am iïm;a m%udKhla lem l< w;r ndysr in|;dj,g wvq m%uqL;ajhla mejÍ h' fláfhka olajf;d;a" f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh jQ l,s th iQ;%.; flreKq ld, mßÉfþofha ksmehqula úh' ld,h fjkia ù ;sfí' È.= ld,Sk uQf,damdhsl rduqj ^2001-2005& ;=< m%ldYs; "tys ndysr md¾Yaùh Ñ;%h by< kexùug yd iúu;a lsÍug" fyda wd' ix' nex' wdishdj yd meis*sla l,dmh ;=< oekqu ,nd .kakd yd ixj¾Okfha uQ,dY%hla njg m;a ùu i|yd tys ne|Su we;=<;a jk taldnoaO wNs,dIhka w;a m;a lr .ekSug m%;sm;a;sh ;j ÿrg;a fkd iEfyhs'

2 jeks fldgqj

wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d ms<sn| iudf,dapkh m%Odk mdvï

wd' ix' nexl=j tys ndysr in|;d jHdma; lr .ekSug yd tys fmdÿ md¾Yaúl o¾Ykh ^profile& by< kxjd .ekSug wfmalaId lrkafka kï th jvd;a wêIaGdk iy.; yd flakaø.; ndysr in|;d uQf,damdhla j¾Okh l< hq;= h' tn÷ uQf,damdhla my; i|yka lreKq u; mokï úh hq;= j ;sfí' * Yla;su;a kdhl;ajh yd ld¾h uKav, Èß.ekaùï

md,l uKav,h uyck ikaksfõok lghq;=j, Rcq j u ksr; ùu uÕska kdhl;ajh m%o¾Ykh l< hq;= w;r yels iEu l,ays u ndysr fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ ld¾h kshqla; ùug ld¾h uKav,h Èß .ekaúh hq;= h' ndysr in|;d l%shdldrlï ;=< jvd m%.dó ld¾h uKav, ksr;;ajh ys;lr jk ixialD;shla m%j¾Okh lsÍug Yla;su;a l<ukdlrK kdhl;ajhla w;HjYH fjhs'

* wd' ix' nexl=fõ m%uqL;d ms<sn| jvd;a mq¿,a meyeÈ,slu

wd' ix' nex' m%uqL;d ljf¾ o hkak;a ta yd iïnkaê; .eg¨j, § th l=uk wdia:dkhl /|S isákafka o hkak;a Bg fya;= ljf¾ o hkak;a oek isáh hq;= h' fuh tlS f;dr;=re jvd mq¿,a fm%alaIl msßilg ld¾hlaIu j ikaksfõokh lsÍfuys ,d thg we;s yelshdj iïnkaOfhka flakaøSh fjhs'

* iaùh Ñka;kh

wd' ix' nex' m¾fhaIK lghq;= fufyh úh hq;= w;r wdh;kfha iSudjkaf.ka Tífnys mj;akd jeo.;a jdo úIhka iïnkaOfhka wdia:dkhka ndysr fm%alaIl msßia w;r il%sh j m%p,s; l< hq;= h'

* f;dr;=re jHdma; lsÍfï ld¾h idOl uQf,damdh

wd' ix' nex' tys fufyhqï m<mqreoao yd m¾fhaIK b,lal lr .ekqKq fm%alaIl msßiaj,g wf,ú flfrk fhda.H yd ,nd .; yels m%ldYk ks¾udKh lsÍfuys ,d n,h imhk neõ iy;sl l< hq;= h'

* il%sh wNHka;r ikaksfõokh

woyia$u; ld¾h idOl whqßka ndysr fm%alaIl msßia fj; ikaksfõokh lsÍug ld¾h uKav,h wfmalaId lrkafka kï Tjqyq m%:ufhka u wd' ix' nexl=fõ woyia$u; oek isáh hq;= h' fï i|yd wd' ix' nex' we;=<; jvd il%sh wNHka;r in|;d wjYH lrhs'

6

^wd& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg keÕSu 1' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sfhys m%Odk ,laIK 19' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh wd' ix' nex' "f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug

mlaI mQ¾jdkqñ;shlg ^Presumption&" ne| ;nhs' iuyr ffk;sl yd m%dfhda.sl ksfrdaOl fkd ue;s ;;ajhka ;=< mQ¾jdkqñ;sh wod< fjhs' wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï isÿ flfrk ish¨ lafIa;% ;=< yels by< u uÜgfï mdroDYH;djla i,id §u wruqKq lrhs' tys ¥; fufyjrj, id¾:l;ajh iy;sl lr .ekSug o wdh;kh flfrys mj;akd uyck iyfhda.h Ñria:dhS lr .ekSug yd th Wmldr lsÍug wfmalaId lrk mqoa.,hka i|yd wdo¾Yhla f,i fiajh lsÍug thg yels lr jkq msKsi o mdroDYH;dj wjYH fjhs' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh j¾.SlrK m%fNao ;=kla ilihs("ryiHhs"" "ld¾hd, m%fhdackh i|yd muKhs" yd "j¾. fkd l<" hkqfjks'

20' jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka wdlD;s m%:ufhka wd' ix' nexl=fõ jHdmdßl wjia:d - ADB

Business Opportunities ;=< ,ehsia;=.; lrk ,o l,ays tajd ish,q u jHdmD;s yd jevigyka i|yd iQodkï lr ;sîula wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh uÕska b,a,d isákq ,nhs' jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla md,l uKav,h úiska wkqu; lsÍfuka miq rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka wdlD;s ks;sm;d hdj;ald, lsÍu wjYH fjhs' tfy;a mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s wdlD;sj, § fï iïnkaOfhka ksy~ ms<sfj;la mj;ajd f.k hkq ,efí' wkdjrKh lsÍu isÿ úh yelafla ljr fldkafoais hgf;a oehs hkak iuyr f,aLk i|yd meyeÈ,s lrkq ,efí' fï f,aLk w;rg iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;d yd ks¾foaY o ;dlaIKsl iydhl jd¾;d o lafIa;% f,aLk o YlH;d wOHhk yd mdßißl jd¾;d o we;=<;a fõ' jHdmD;s ms<sn| ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re fyda wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh ;=< f.k yer olajd ke;s f,aLk i|yd flfrk b,a,Sï wod< fomd¾;fïka;=j yd ld¾hd,h fuka u wod< wdKavqj úiska o wkqu; l< hq;= j ;sfí' wjidk jYfhka" f;dr;=re b,a,d isákakkag jev lrk Èk 22la we;=<; wd' ix' nexl=fjka m%;spdrhla ,eìh hq;= nj wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh úfYaI fldg i|yka lrhs'

2' l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| we.hSu

21' wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh f;dard .kq ,enQ ;eka mgka wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr fma%laIl msßiaj,g jeäuk;a f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh lr ;sfí; fï l%shdoduh ;=< § th wd' ix' nexl=fõ N+ñldj" wruqKq yd fufyhqï ms<sn| j uyck;djf.a oekqj;alu by< oeóug odhl ù ;sfí' mdroDYH;dfjka w;a jk fndfyduhla m%;s,dN y÷kd .kq ,en we;s kuqÿ l%shd;aul lsÍfï uQf,damdhla fkd ue;slu tajd iïmQ¾Kfhka idlaId;a lr .kq ,eîfuka j<lajd ;sfí'

22' wkdjrKh lsÍu ks;r u i;H hehs fkd yÕsk nj;a ryiH Ndjh iïnkaOfhka

meyeÈ,s ks¾Kdhlhla wjYH nj;a fndfyduhla ndysr ne÷ïlr orkafkda i|yka lr we;a;dy' Ndú;fha § f;dr;=re "ryiH" fõ o keoao hkak wd' ix' nexl=fõ yd idudðl wdKavqj, wNsu;hg hg;a fõ' wd' ix' nex' fndfyda úg Kh.e;shdf.a f;dr;=re ms<sn| úia;r ryiH f,i ms<s.kafka hehs mejfia' fï ksid wkdjrKh lsÍug mlaI j mj;akd mQ¾jdkqñ;sh m%Yak lsÍug ,la fjhs' wkdjrKh lsÍï fndfyda úg isÿ jkafka idlÉPd ksu lsÍfuka yd ksYaÑ; uQf,damdhla" m%;sm;a;shla fyda jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka ;SrK .kq ,eîfuka miq j muKla hehs ndysr md¾Yajlrefjda m%ldY lr isá;s'

7

23' oekg mj;akd wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug wjYH flfrk ;j;a

lafIa;% mj;shs' iuyr lafIa;% ;=< wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh wmeyeÈ,s yd jHdl+, iy.; ;;ajhl mj;sk w;r oekg mj;akd fndfyda f,aLk uQ,sl f,aLkh ^text& ;=< olajd ke;' jHdmD;s l%shd;aul jk m%foaYj, mÈxÑ j isák mqoa.,hkag yd Tjqka fjkqfjka .eg¨ biau;= lrk ixúOdkj,g iuyr jeo.;a f,aLk wkdjrKh lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=fjka yd idudðl rgj, wdKavqj,ska wkqu;sh ,nd .ekSu i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g yd W;aidyhkag m%;spdr oelaùug ;uka jeh lrk ld,h .ek fndfyda ld¾h uKav, lkiai,a, m< lr ;sfí' iuyr ld¾h uKav, ljr f;dr;=re ksl=;a l< yels j ;sfí o wkdjrKh lsÍï i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g j. lsj hq;af;a ljr ld¾hd,hka o tlS b,a,Sï iïnkaëlrKh l< hq;af;a flfia o hkak .ek wksYaÑ;;dj m< lr ;sfí' Tjqkag meyeÈ,slu yd mqyqKqj wjYH flf¾' tu;= fkd j" jHdmD;s wdlD;Skays wksjd¾h kùlrKh lsÍï wd' ix' nexl=fõ mßmd,k moaO;sh uÕska ndOd lrkq ,nk nj;a Bg wvq m%uqL;ajhla fokq ,nk nj;a ld¾h uKav,h m%ldY lrhs'

24' w;aoelSï fmkakqï lr ;sfnkafka jvd mq¿,a újD; Ndjh yd f;dr;=re fnod yod

.ekSu fufyhqïj, .=Kd;aul Ndjh jeä ÈhqKq lr ;sfnk nj h'ix jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfï yd l%shdjg keÕSfï ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< m%udKj;a f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla yd m%udKj;a ;rï l,a fõ,d we;s j f;dr;=re ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh fkd lrk ,o l,ays jHdmD;s foaYSh .kqfokqldr lKavdhïj,ska meñKs,s W;amdokh lrk nj o w;aoelSïj,ska fmkakqï lr ;sfí'x w¾:j;a WmfoaYkhg yd iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okhg jeä iyfhda.hla m< lrk ixfYdaê; m%;sm;a;shl wjYH;djla mj;sk nj fndfyda ld¾h uKav, yÕshs'

25' ta iuÕ u" ld¾h uKav,h wNHka;r idlÉPduh l%shdoduh wdrlaId lsÍfï o

idudðl rgj, wdKavqj, úYajdih mj;ajd .ekSfï yd fiajdodhlhka fj; m%n, keUqrejla mj;ajd .ekSfï o wjYH;dj iuÕ mdroDYH;dj ;=,kh l< hq;= j ;sfnk nj ms<s.kshs' ryiH Ndjh jvd;a u wod< jkafka idlÉPd fyda jdo újdoj, uq,a wjëkays § nj fmdÿfõ i,lkq ,efí' fï wjëkays § ksr;=re j ixfõ§ lafIa;% ;=< wdKavqj,g wjxl Wmfoila imhkq ,efí' w;s úYd, jev iïNdrhla f.k yer olajñka fufyhqï ld¾h uKav, widOdrK j.lSï tl;= flfrk kj wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d mekùug tfrys j o wk;=re wÕjhs'

^we& ks.ukh 26' 1994 f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh hdj;ald, lsÍu wjYH j

;sfí' tys j.lSï jvd;a mq¿,a mdroDYH;djlska hq;= j bgq lsÍug yd tys md¾Yajlrejkaf.a f.!rjh yd úYajdih Èkd .ekSug ndysr in|;d iïnkaOfhka wd' ix' nex' jvd;a Rcq yd flakaø.; m%fõYhla j¾Okh l< hq;= h' iúu;a kdhl;ajhlska o m%udKj;a iïm;aj,ska o wdh;kh we;=<; u ndysr in|;dj, N+ñldj .ek is;k wdldrfhys fjkila o uÕska óg iydh ,eìh hq;= j ;sfí' tn÷ m%fõYhla wd' ix' nexl=fõ lghq;= ;=< md¾Yajlrejkaf.a w¾:j;a iyNd.s;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd ksis l,g yd m%udKj;a j isÿ flfrk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g wkq.%yh olajk taldnoaO ixialD;shla u; mokï l< hq;= j ;sfí'

8

iv. m%;sm;a;sh 27' uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ^m%;sm;a;sh - the Policy& wd' ix' nex' flfrys

md¾Yajlrejkaf.a úYajdih yd wd' ix' nex' iuÕ ld¾h kshqla; ùfï yelshdj m%j¾Okh lsÍu wruqKq lrhs' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï ;=< jvd;a mq¿,a ixj¾Okd;aul n,mEula mj;akd neõ iy;sl lsÍug m%;sm;a;sh my; fmfkk ;;= m%j¾Okh lrhs(

* wd' ix' nexl=fõ l%shdldrlï" m%;sm;a;s" uQf,damdhka" wruqKq yd m%;sM, ms<sn|

j wd' ix' nexl=fõ .kqfokqldr lKavdhï o fjk;a md¾Yajlrejka yd fmdÿ ck;dj o w;r oekqj;alu yd wjfndaOh;

* ixj¾Ok .eg¨ iïnkaOfhka kejqï yd kùldrl m¾hdjf,dalhka iemhSu

msKsi ixj¾Ok oekqu yd W.;a mdvï fnod yod .ekSu yd yqjudrej; * wd' ix' nex' yd tys jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jk uyckhd we;=¿ tys

md¾Yajlrejka w;r jvd;a mq¿,a oaúud¾.sl f;dr;=re .,d hdula iy;sl flfrk iyNd.sl;aj ixj¾Okh;

* wd' ix' nex' ;=< mdroDYH;dj yd j. W;a;r iemhSug ne|S isàu

^accountability&' 28' fï wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug wd' ix' nex' tys lghq;= .ek th i;= oekqu yd

f;dr;=re o tys woyia yd u;hka o md¾Yajlrejka yd fmdÿ uyck;dj iuÕ m%.dó j fnod yod .kq we;; f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk mqoa., b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr jYfhka o wd' ix' nex' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lrkq we;' ryiH Ndjh wdrlaId lsÍug n, flfrk fya;=jla fkd ue;s ;;ajhka ;=< f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug mlaI j mQ¾jdkqñ;shla mj;skq we;'

29' mdroDYH;dj ixj¾Okh úmq,s; lrkjd muKla fkd j wdh;kh flfrys mj;akd

uyck úYajdih j¾Okh lrkq we;s nj o wd' ix' nex' ms<s.kshs' wd' ix' nex' mdroDYH;dj ms<sn| idOkSh wdo¾Yhla njg m;a ùug;a mdroDYH;d .eg¨j iïnkaOfhka th idudðlhkag imhk WmfoaYh iuÕ .e,fmk wdldrhlska l%shd lsÍug W;aidy orhs'

30' wd' ix' nex' idudðl rgj,a ixj¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d th iyfhda.h fok

l%shdldrlïj, rdIaà%h ysñlfuys buy;a jeo.;alu o ms<s.kshs' ta ksid m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg keÕ+ l,ays ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk fï idudðl rgj,aj, o¾Ykhka yd whs;sjdiSkag .re lrkq ,nkq we;'

31' wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o l%shdldrlï .ek f;dr;=re yd woyia b,a,d isàug" ,nd

.ekSug yd fnod §ug we;s whs;shg wd' ix' nex' iydh fohs' wd' ix' nex' ksis l,ays" meyeÈ,s j yd WÑ; wdldrhg f;dr;=re imhkq we;' tneúka thg md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokfhys fh§ug" Tjqkag ijka §ug yd Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk m%;spdr i,ld ne,Sug yels fjhs' wd' ix' nexl=fõ jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jk ckhdg jHdmD;s ie,iqïj,g yd tajd l%shd;aul lsÍïj,g w¾:j;a wdodkhka iemhSug m%udKj;a ;rï l,a fõ,d we;s j Tjqka iuÕ f;dr;=re fnod yod .kq we;'

9

32' ;u w;S; w;aoelSïj,ska mdvï bf.k .ekSu uÕska l%shdldß;ajhka jeä ÈhqKq lr

.ekSug wd' ix' nex' ch.%yKhka fuka u wid¾:l;ajhka yd n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka ùï o jd¾;d lrkq we;' wd' ix' nexl=j f;dr;=re ksfYaOd;aul jQ muKska u tajd ksl=;a fkd lr r|jd fkd ;nkq we;' wd' ix' nexl=j m%;sm;a;s yd fufyhqï ms<sn| ks¾udKYS,S újdohla yd ixjdohla i|yd Wkkaÿ lr jkq we;' fmdÿ wdh;khla yeáhg wd' ix' nexl=j tys lghq;= ms<sn| j m%isoaêfha j. W;a;r iemhsh hq;= j ;sfí'

33' wd' ix' nex' f;dard .;a mokula hgf;a f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fkd lrkq we;;

m%;sm;a;sfhys fldkafoaisj,g uQf,damdhg yd úêúOdk l%shd;aul lsÍug wkql+, j m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wd' ix' nex' ,nd .ekSug i,iajk f;dr;=re lrd m%fõY ùug uyckhdg iudk whs;sh ysñ jkq we;'

34' wd' ix' nex' wdishdj ;=< È<s÷lu my; fy<Sfuys ,d tys N+ñldj .ek tys

idudðlhkaf.a o isú,a iudc ixúOdkhkaf.a o jHdmdrj, o udOHj, o wOHdmk wdh;khkaf.a o ixj¾Ok yjq,alrejkaf.a yd fmdÿ uyck;djf.a o jegySu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug W;aidy orkq we;'

35' ffk;sl yd m%dfhda.sl fya;= ksid mQ¾K wkdjrKh lsÍï iEu úg u isÿ l< fkd

yels h' WodyrKhla jYfhka" wd' ix' nex' ixl,am .fõIKh" f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu" wNHka;ßl j yd tys idudðlhka iuÕ újD; idlÉPd meje;aùu yd mqoa.,sl wxYh ;=< tys fufyhqïj, úfYaI wjYH;d i,ld ne,Su wjYH fjhs' wd' ix' nex' tys ld¾h uKav,fha ryiH Ndjh iqrlaIs; l< hq;= w;r rdcH fkd jk jHdmdßl f;dr;=re o mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhka yd fiajdodhlhka o wdrlaId l< hq;af;a h' flfia fj;;a" jHd;sf¾lhka iSud iys; jk w;r wd' ix' nex' th ksmojk ish¨ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a tn÷ f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sfha 126" 127 yd 130 hk fþo ;=< meyeÈ,s j olajd we;s jHd;sf¾lhkag we;=<;a fkd jkafka kï muKs'

36' m%;sm;a;sh ;=< oelafjk fjk;a m%;smdok uÕska iSud lrkq fkd ,nkafka kï

f;dr;=re i|yd wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk f,aLk wOHlaI uKav,hg fnod fok ,o wjia:dfõ u wkdjrKh l< hq;= w;r i,ld ne,Su i|yd wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk f,aLk tajd wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o wjia:dfõ u wkdjrKh l< hq;af;a h'

37' wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh ;=< olajd we;s fmdÿ uQ,O¾u my; ieflúka oelafjk

uQf,damdh ;=<ska l%shd;aul l< hq;af;a h' uQf,damdh wd' ix' nex' m%.dó j m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels ;;ajhg m;a l< hq;= f;dr;=re ljf¾ oehs fmkakqï lrk w;r b,a,Sula u; f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug yels ;;ajhla ie,eiaúh hq;= fyda wd' ix' nexl=fõ wkqu;sfhka f;dr j f;dr;=re ,nd fkd §ug l%shd l< hq;= iuyr wjia:d o fmkakqï lrhs'

38' m%;sm;a;sfhys wvx.= wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;smdok ^fjk;a m%;smdok fkd fõ& yd

wOHlaI uKav,h wkqu; l< fjk;a ´kE u m%;sm;a;shla w;r ljr fyda .egqula Woa.; jk wjia:djl m%;sm;a;sh ;=< wvx.= wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;smdok wdêm;Hh orkq we;af;a h'

10

v. uQf,damdh 39' m%;sm;a;sfhys wruqKq uq÷ka m;a lr .ekSug úfYaIs; m%;sodk folla ksl=;a lsÍu

i|yd fï uQf,damdh ie,iqï lr ;sfí'

1' m%.dó ndysr in|;d; iy 2' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï jeä ÈhqKq lrk ,o

ud¾.' 40' uQf,damdh tlsfklska fjka jQ tfy;a W!kmQrl ixrplhkaf.ka iukaú; fjhs( ndysr

in|;d yd f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu hkqfjks' wd' ix' nex' m%p,s; lsÍu uÕska yd tys m%Odk .kqfokqldr lKavdhï úiska th jgyd .kq ,nk ;;ajhla ks¾udKh lsÍu uÕska ndysr iïnkaOlï uQ,sl jYfhka Yla;su;a ndysr in|;d f.dv kexùu flfrys fhduq fjkq we; - m%;sodk ^i&' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu iyNd.sl;ajhka - úfYaIfhka u" wd' ix' nex' iuÕ Rcq l%shdldÍ yd jHdmdßl in|;d we;s mqoa.,hka yd ixúOdk iuÕ - Yla;su;a lsÍu wruqKq lrkq we; - m%;sodkh ^ii&'

^w& ndysr in|;d

41' flakaø.; l< ndysr in|;d uQf,damdhla uÕska wd' ix' nex' ndysr in|;dj,g tys

m%fõYh jvd iúu;a o msßmyÿ o lrkq we;' wd' ix' nex' tys idudðlhkag jeo.;a .eg¨ iïnkaOfhka meyeÈ,s wdia:dkhka j¾Okh o fï wdia:dkhka meyeÈ,s lsÍug tys f;dr;=re ksIamdokhka jeä ÈhqKq o fï ksIamdok jvd;a mD:q, f,i jHdma; o lrkq we;' ndysr in|;djkaf.a jeo.;alu ixúOdkh ;=< meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd wd' ix' nex' tys ixúOdkd;aul úêúOdk fm< .iajkq we;s w;r h:d mßÈ tys ld¾h uKav,j, ksmqK;d ixl,kh fjkia lrkq we;'

1 mQ¾j wjYH;dfjda

42' wd' ix' nex' tys md¾Yaj o¾Ykh ^Profile& Wiia uÜgulg kexùu i|yd(

^i& th ixj¾Ok .eg¨ ms<sn| kejqï ^iaùh& ixl,am yd m%;sfõ§ ^úksúo olakd& mKsjqv ksmojk nj o

^ii& th tys l%shdldÍ w;aoelSï yd m¾fhaIK hk fowxYfhka u yg .efkk fï

.eg¨ ms<sn| j cd;Hka;r idlÉPdjkays il%sh j ksr; jk nj o ^iii& th udOH yd wfkl=;a ndysr fm%alaIl msßia yuq ùug wLKav j W;aidy lrk

nj o ^iv& ld¾h uKav, .eg¨ ms<sn| tys u;hka yd wdia:dkhka .ek oekqj;a ùu msKsi

th il%sh yd újD; wNHka;r ikaksfõokhka mj;ajd f.k hk nj o ^v& th hym;a fufyhqï jd¾;d mj;ajd f.k hk nj; yd ^vi& fufyhqï ld¾h uKav, wd' ix' nexl=jg Rcq l%shdldÍ yd jHdmdßl in|;d

we;s mqoa.,hka yd ixúOdk iuÕ iúu;a in|;d mj;ajd .kakd nj o iy;sl l< hq;af;a h'

11

2' kdhl;ajh yd wNsfm%arKfhda ^motivations&

43' wd' ix' nexl= md,l u~q,af,ys iEu idudðlhl= úiska u ndysr in|;d iúu;a

lsÍug m%n, f,i o w;sYh úYo wdldrfhka o lem ùu ;SrKd;aul fjhs' wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d uQf,damdh w¾: oelaùfuys" hdj;ald, lsÍfuys yd l%shd;aul lsÍfuys ,d md,l u~q,a, m%uqL N+ñldjla bgq lrkq we;' tmßÈ u" wd' ix' nexl=fõ m%uqL ikaksfõolfhda o md,l uKav, idudðlfhda o ndysr in|;d l%shdldrlïj, il%sh j iyNd.s jkq we;s w;r wdOdr fok rgj, yd wdOdr ,nd .kakd rgj, ;Srlhka yd u; m< lrk kdhlhka we;=¿ wd' ix' nexl=fõ uQ,sl fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ Yla;su;a in|;d ;yjqre lr .kq we;'

44' ndysr fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ m%.dó j ld¾h kshqla; ùug wd' ix' nexl=fõ

fndfyduhla ld¾h uKav, ;=< miq nEula mj;skakd jQ o ndysr in|;d wvq m%uqL;djla ,efnk l%shdldrlula muKla fkd j wjodkï iy.; ld¾hhla jkafka h hkak wd' ix' nex' ;=< mq¿,a f,i úYajdi lrk u;hla njg m;a j ;sfnkakd jQ o ;;= hgf;a md,l uKav,h ish¨ ld¾h uKav, ndysr in|;djkays il%sh j iyNd.s lrjd .ekSfuys ,d Wkkaÿ lr ùu w;HjYH fjhs' ;u jevlghq;= ms<sn| j m%isoaêfha lreKq oelaùu oeka m%uqL ld¾hhla úh hq;= j ;sfnk nj ish¨ ld¾h uKav, jgyd .kakd nj md,l uKav,h úiska iy;sl flfrkq we;' md,l uKav,h ;u md¾Yajfhka" ld¾h uKav, iuÕ ish ikaksfõokhka Yla;su;a lrkq we;s w;r woyia fnod yod .ekSu yd ish¨ u uÜgïj, § ld¾h uKav, flfrka m%;sfmdaIK ,nd .ekSug W;aidy orkq we;'

3' b,lal lr .ekqKq fm%alaIl msßia

45' wd' ix' nex' mq¿,a mrdihl fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ lghq;= lrk w;r Tjqka u;

wkqyi me;sr ùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs ^1 jeks fldgqj n,kak&' fï iEu fm%alaIl msßila u wd' ix' nexl=jg jeo.;a jk w;r Tjqkag tys ld¾h idOl;ajhg odhl o úh yels h' wd' ix' nexl=fõ ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj,a - th tys jev lghq;=j,ska úYd, u fldgila isÿ lrkafka fï rgj,a ;=< h - tÈfkod fufyhqï ;=< tys b;d u jeo.;a yjq,alrejka fõ' wd' ix' nex' È.= ld,Sk b,lal w;a m;a lr .ekSug woyia lrkafka kï fï rgj, ;Srlhka yd u; m< lrk kdhlhka iuÕ Yla;su;a in|;d f.dv kÕd .ekSu ;SrKd;aul fjhs' fï in|;d j¾Okh lr .ekSfuys yd mj;ajd .ekSfuys ,d ¥; uKav, m%uqL N+ñldjla bgq lrkq we;' wdOdr fok rgj, ;Srlhka yd u; m< lrk kdhlhka o wfkl=;a ixj¾Ok ixúOdk yd isú,a iudch we;=¿ fjk;a fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ o úYajdijka; in|;d f.dv kÕd .ekSu wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï yd tajdfha ld¾h idOl;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d wúfhdackSh wx. fjhs ^9-14 olajd mßÉfþo n,kak&'

46' iïm;a iEu úg u iSud iys; jk fyhska wd' ix' nex' tys fm%alaIl msßiaj,g

m%uqL;ajh Èh hq;= h' ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgj,a ;=< mq¿,a mrdihl ;Srlhka yd u; m< lrk kdhlhka iuÕ oekgu;a mj;akd jev lsÍfï ióm in|;d hgf;a fï uQf,damdh uQ,sl jYfhka wdOdr fok rgj,a ;=< kj fm%alaIl msßia lrd <Õd ùu wjOdrKh lrhs' fm%alaIl msßiaj,g m%uqL;ajh §u my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhl u; mokï jkq we;(

^i& ;Srlhka u; we;s lrk n,mEfï uÜgu

12

wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï úúOdldr ;Srlhkaf.a uQ,sl jYfhka" weu;sjrekaf.a o md¾,sfïka;= ksfhdað;hkaf.a yd cd;sl úOdhlhkaf.a o n,mEug md;% fõ' b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia f;dard .kq ,nkafka fï ;Srlhkaf.a woyia u; Tjqka we;s lrk n,mEfï moku u; h'

^ii& jl%dldrfhka b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia fj; "fhduq jk ud¾." ^Channels&

f,i bgq flfrk N+ñldj' fndfyda l%shdOrhka úiska wd' ix' nex' ms<sn| f;dr;=re yd u; m< lrkq ,nk w;r blaì;s tajd jvd mq¿,a fm%alaIl msßia fj; fhduq lrkq ,efí' wd' ix' nex' tys mKsjqvj,g uQf,damdh uÕska Rcq j b,lal lrkq fkd ,nk fm%alaIl msßia lrd <Õd ùug yels lr jk in|;d f.dv kÕkq we;'

47' ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgj,a ;=< fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ in|;d Yla;su;a

lr .ekSu wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j, j.lSula f,i mj;skq we;' fïjd jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jQ ckhd iuÕ wd' ix' nexl=fõ in|;d mj;ajd .ekSfï ,laIHhka jkq we;s w;r úfYaIs; fufyhqï iuÕ Rcq j iïnkaO ù isák yd W;aiql jk isú,a ixúOdk iuÕ yjq,aldß;ajhka f.dv keÕSug j.lsj hq;= jkq we;' rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk uOHia:dkh fmdÿfõ isú,a iudch iuÕ in|;d ;yjqre lsÍu yd mj;ajd .ekSu ms<sn| j.lSu Ndr .kakjd we;'

48' fmdÿ ck;dj lrd <Õd ùu wd' ix' nexl=jg jeo.;a jk w;r fï uQf,damdh wdOdr

fok rgj,a ;=< fyda ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgj,a ;=< fyda mqoa.,sl wxYh ;=< isá ck;dj Rcq j b,lal fkd lrhs' fmdÿ ck;dj iuÕ wd' ix' nexl=fõ ld¾h kshqla;sh wkshï tlla j mj;skq we;'xi

4 b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia lrd <Õd ùu i|yd m%fõYfhda

49' b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ Yla;su;a yd l,a mj;akd in|;djka f.dv

keÕSu i|yd ia:djr fm!oa.,sl wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajhka yd iEfyk ;rï f;dr;=re ^yqÿ uyck in|;d ms<sn| f;dr;=re fkd fõ& ks;sm;d yqjudre ùula wjYH flfrkq we;' úfYaIfhka u" cd;Hka;r udOHhla j;a m¾fhaIK uOHia:dkhla j;a fkd jk wd' ix' nexl= uQ,ia:dkh ueks,d kqjr msysgd ;sfnk fyhska tn÷ in|;d ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd ld,h o uqo,a o jeh jkq we;' ¥; fufyjr isÿ jk ld, mßÉfþohka ys md,l uKav,h yd fcHaIaG ld¾h uKav,h úiska o ksfhdað; ld¾hd, úiska o in|;d ;yjqre fldg fmdaIKh lrkq we;'

50' wd' ix' nex' by< u fY%aKsfha udOH iuÕ tys in|;d oeä lr .kq we;' md,l

uKav,h yd ld¾h uKav,h úldYk udOH ;=< fmkS isàfï wjia:d by< hkq we;s w;r wd' ix' nexl=fõ m¾fhaIK yd fufyhqï .ek b,lal flreKq fma%laIl msßiaj,g n,mdk mqj;am;a" iÕrd yd rEmjdyskS m%jD;a;s jevigyka ;=< flfrk i|yka lsÍï ixLHdj by< kxjd .ekSug m%h;ak o oefrkq we;' wd' ix' nex' .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd u; m< lrk kdhlhka Wmfhda.S lr .kakd uQ,dY% iïnkaOfhka ksr;=re iólaIK mj;ajkq ,nk wd' ix' nex' b,lal flreKq udOH f;aÍï h:d mßÈ msßmyÿ lrkq we;'

51' ndysr in|;d ;yjqre lsÍu hqfrdamh" cmdkh yd ol=Kq wefußldj ;=< ksfhdað;

ld¾hd,j, uQ,sl ld¾hh njg m;a jkq we;' fï ld¾hd, udOH yd u; m< lrk kdhlhka w;r in|;d m%j¾Okh lsÍug o ixj¾Okh ms<sn| m%Yak iïnkaOfhka

13

wd' ix' nexl=fõ u; yd f;dr;=re m;=rejd yeÍug o ixj¾Okh ms<sn| j m%isoaO idlÉPd yd jdo újdoj, ksr; ùug o lghq;= lrkq we;'

52' md,l uKav,h yd ld¾h uKav, wd' ix' nexl=fõ mKsjqv yd tys jev lghq;=

iïfï,k" iïuka;%K yd fjk;a ndysr yd wNHka;r l%shdldrlï ;=< § Wiia fldg oelaùug wLKav j l%shd lrkq we;'xii w¾:NdÍ n,mEula w;a lr .ekSug jvd;a flakaø.; lrk ,o mq¿,a f,i jHdma; jk uQf,damdhla l%udkql+, j y÷kajd fokq we;'

5' m%Odk ikaksfõolfhda

53' ndysr jYfhka jvd;a mq¿,a f,i jHdma; ùu i|yd ,nd .; yels iSud iys; iïm;a

iys; fok ,o ;;ajhla hgf;a wd' ix' nex' tys m%Odk ikaksfõolhka yd Tjqka b,lal lrkq ,nk iqúfYaIS fm%alaIl msßia meyeÈ,s j wkkH lr .; hq;= h' iNdm;sjrhd yd Wm iNdm;sjre wd' ix' nexl=fõ b;d u úYo ikaksfõolfhda fj;s' Tjqyq fm!oa.,sl in|;d" by< fmf<a iuq¨j, mj;ajkq ,nk foaYk yd by< uÜgfï udOH iuÕ flfrk iïuqL idlÉPd yd tajdfha m< flfrk u; oelaùfï ,sms ;=<ska b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßia w;r wd' ix' nexl=fõ wdxYsl o¾Ykh by< kexùfï m%h;akhkag kdhl;ajh fokq we;' m%Odk wd¾Ól úoHd{hd yd ¥; uKav,j, fcHaIaG ld¾h uKav, yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd, we;=¿ wfkl=;a fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, m%OdkSyq ndysr fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ il%sh j ikaksfõokfhys fhfokq we;'

54' Bg w;sf¾l j" wd' ix' nexl= ld¾h uKav, w;r isá úfYaI{jre úfYaIfhka u"

Tjqka iqúfYaiS wf,ú l< yels m¾fhaIK fufyhjd we;akï fm!oa.,sl in|;d ;=<ska o iïfï,k weu;Su" udOH iuÕ iïuqL idlÉPd lsÍu yd ;ukag úfYaI{ oekqula we;s lafIa;% .ek u; m< lsÍfï ,sms ,sùu ;=<ska o iïnkaO;d cd, f.dv kÕkq we;'

^wd& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu

55' m%;sm;a;sh wd' ix' nex' ksmojk fyda ksmoùug wjYH lrkq ,nk f,aLk

iïnkaOfhka wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d ia:dmkh lrhs' th tn÷ f,aLk.; lsÍï i|yd wjYH;d úia;r fldg olajkafka ke;' m%;sm;a;sh mqrd u wd' ix' nexl=fõ wfkla m%;sm;a;s .ek ie|ySï ^references& lrkq ,efí' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fjk;a m%;sm;a;shla .ek lrkq ,nk ljr fyda ie|ySulg l,ska l,g wd' ix' nex' úiska ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o wdldrhg ta m%;sm;a;sh we;=<;a fõ' m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkhg miq wd' ix' nex' úiska j¾Okh lrk ,o fyda ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o ljr m%;sm;a;shla fyda uQf,damdhla fõ kï th m%;sm;a;sh fyda uQf,damdh hgf;a ksmoùug wjYH flfrk f,aLk yd fjk;a f;dr;=re iïnkaO wkdjrK wjYH;d meyeÈ,s j oelaúh hq;af;a h' tn÷ wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d m%;sm;a;sh ;=< oelafjk fmdÿ uQ,O¾u iuÕ wkqrEm úh hq;= h'

1' mßj¾;k

56' wd' ix' nexl=fõ rdcldß lghq;= lrk NdIdj bx.S%is h'xiii flfia fj;;a" f,aLk yd

fjk;a f;dr;=re bx.S%is yereKq l, fjk;a NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lsÍu wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o l%shdldrlï jgyd .ekSug yd tajdg iydh §ug fuka u ta l%shdldrlïj,g iyNd.S ùug tys fldgia ysñhka yd wfkla md¾Yajlrejka Èß

14

.ekaùu i|yd fndfyda úg wjYH fjhs' ndysr md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia úuiSu ;=<ska wd' ix' nexl=j tys fufyhqïj,g iïnkaê; f,aLk iïnkaOfhka mßj¾;k iels,a,la j¾Okh l< hq;af;a h'

57' wd' ix' nexl=j tys fufyhqï wjYH;d u; r|d mj;sk mßj¾;k Ndr .kq we;'

tn÷ mßj¾;kj,g ^i& tys iuia; jHdmdßl lghq;=" m%;sm;a;s yd uQf,damdhd;aul Ñka;kh wu;kakd jQ o mq¿,a cd;Hka;r fm%alaIl msßila i|yd wruqKq lrk ,oaod jQ o f;dr;=re; ^ii& uyckhdf.a úfYaIfhka u" jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jQ mqoa.,hkaf.ka woyia úuiSu i|yd mj;sk f;dr;=re ^74 jeks fþoh n,kak&; ^iii& úfYaIs; rgj,g" jHdmD;sj,g yd jevigykaj,g iïnkaê; f;dr;=re; yd ^iv& fjí wvú i|yd wNsm%dhsl f;dr;=re we;=<;a úh yels h'

58' mßj¾;k Ndr .ekSfï ks¾Kdhlhkag wod< fm%alaIl msßif.a idlaIr;d uÜgu o

fm%alaIl msßia okakd NdId o mßj¾;khg úl,am o mßj¾;khg wjYH ld,h yd úhou o we;=<;a fjhs'

2' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqïj,g wod< f;dr;=re 59' ixj¾Ok l%shdldrlï iQodkï lsÍug yd l%shd;aul lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=j tys Kh

.ekqïlrejka yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhka iuÕ ióm j l%shd lrhs' tfia lsÍu uÕska th Kh .ekqïlrejkag yd wkq.%dylhkag wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o fufyhqï .ek f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug mlaI j tys mQ¾jdkqñ;sh oekqï fokq we;' fhda.H mßÈ wod< Kh .ekqïlrejkaf.a fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhdf.a woyia úuiSfuka miq j yd f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍïj, jHd;sf¾lhka ms<sn| j.ka;shg ^123-130 olajd fþo& hg;a j ksYaÑ; j olajk ,o ld, mßÉfþohlg wkqj my; oelafjk f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^w& rdIaà%h ^country& yd l,dmSh ^regional& jevigyk ieliSu ^i& uQf,damdh yd jevigyk we.hSu

60' wd' ix' nexl=j rdIaà%h uQf,damdh yd jevigyk i|yd o l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d

uQf,damdh yd jevigyk i|yd o jk f,aLk ilia lsÍug iQodkï ùï jia we.hqï wOHhkhka mj;ajhs' tn÷ uQf,damdh yd jevigyk ms<sn| we.hSulg È<s÷lu .ek úYaf,aIKhka o wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKhka o f;aud.; úYaf,aIKhka ^,sx. fNaoh" rdcH md,kh" mßirh yd mqoa.,sl wxYh& yd lafIa;% we.hSï o we;=<;a fõ' fï we.hSï tajd rdcH fkd jk md¾Yajlrejkaf.a Wmfoia u; j¾Okh lrk ,oafoa kï foaYSh md¾Yajlrejkag flgqïm;a wdldrfhka ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= j ;sfí' wd' ix' nexl=j uQf,damdh yd jevigyka we.hSï tajd ilia lr ksu lsÍfuka miq m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^ii& uQf,damdhka yd jevigyka

61' rdIaà%h uQf,damdh yd jevigyk wod< rg iuÕ tlÕ ù we;s mßÈ wd' ix' nexl=fõ

uOHu ld,Sk ixj¾Ok uQf,damdh ks¾jdpkh ^define& lr olajhs' wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk jHdmD;s i|yd jk ixl,am f,aLk rdIaà%h uQf,damdh ^rd' uQ'& yd jevigykaj,g we;=<;a fjhs' rdIaà%h uQf,damdh yd jevigykaj, hdj;ald, lsÍula rd' uQ' jevigykaj, wLKav wod<;ajh ie,ls,a,g .kakd w;r th l%shd;aul lrk wdldrh úia;r lr olajhs' ;j o" th B<Õ jir 3 i|yd fufyhqï jevigyk o bÈßm;a lrhs'

15

62' tfia u" l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d uQf,damdh yd jevigyk Wml,dmSh uÜgfuka fhdað;

wd' ix' nexl= wdOdr i|yd ihqla;SlrKh imhhs' l' i' uQ' yd jevigyk wd' ix' nexl=fõ wdOdr cd;sl wruqKq yd uQf,damdh W!kmQrKh lrk wdldrh ksYaph fldg olajk w;r fhdað; l,dmSh jHdmD;s iïnkaO ixl,am f,aLk Bg we;=<;a fõ' l,dmSh iyfhda.s;d uQf,damdh yd jevigyka hdj;ald, lsÍula jd¾Isl j iQodkï lrkq ,efí'

63' wd' ix' nexl=j B<Õ jirl ld,h ;siafia iQodkï lsÍug kshñ; kj uQf,damdhka yd

jevigykaj, ,ehsia;=jla ;djld,sl mokula u; mj;ajd f.k hdug yd m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh lr §ug l%shd l< hq;af;a h'

64' md¾Yajlrejkag wjYH Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu myiq lr ùugxiv yd Tjqkag ;ukaf.a rg

fyda l,dmh ;=< flgqïm;a flreKq uQf,damdh yd jevigykg iïm%odkhka lsÍug" wd' ix' nexl=j Wmfoia ,nd .ekSug u;af;ka foaYSh md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia oelaùu i|yd flgqïm;a l< uQf,damdhka yd jevigyka ilia l< hq;af;a h' tajd ^i& m%drïNl f,aLkh ilia lr wjika ùfuka o ^ii& uQf,damdh yd jevigyk flgqïm;a lsÍfuka o miq j - tfy;a tys md,l uKav,fha iudf,dapk /iaùug fmr - ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

65' wd' ix' nexl=j uQf,damdhka yd jevigyka o uQf,damdhka yd jevigyka iïnkaOfhka

iEu wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPdjl u iNdm;sjrhdf.a ¨yq~q m%ldYkh o tys wOHlaI uKav,fha wkqu;sh ,o l,ays m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wod< rfgys bx.S%is NdIdj mq¿,a f,i Ndú; fkd lrkq ,nhs kï" wd' ix' nexl=j ´kE u kj rdIaà%h uQf,damdhla yd jevigykla ^ke;s kï tys hdj;ald, lrk ,o ,shú,a,la& wOHlaI uKav,fha wkqu;sh ,eîfuka Èk 90la we;=<; mq¿,a j f;areï .kq ,nk NdIdjlg mßj¾;kh l< hq;af;a h'

^wd& m%;sm;a;s" uQf,damdhka yd fufyhqï mámdàka

66' wd' ix' nexl=j tys wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s yd lafIa;% yd f;aud.; uQf,damdhka

ixj¾Okh lsÍfï yd iudf,dapkh lsÍfï ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< tys fldgia ysñhkaf.a yd fjk;a Wkkaÿj;a mqoa.,hkaf.a il%sh iyNd.s;ajh n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs' wd' ix' nexl=j B<Õ udi 12 ;siafia ixj¾Okh fyda iudf,dapkh lsÍug kshñ; wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;s fyda f;aud.; uQf,damdhkaf.a ,ehsia;=jla ilia l< hq;af;a h' fï ,ehsia;=j m%isoaêfha ;djld,sl mokula u; ,nd .; yels jkq we;' tn÷ ixj¾Okh lsÍula fyda iudf,dapkh lsÍula i|yd jk ixl,am f,aLkhla md,l uKav,h úiska wkqu; lsÍfuka miq Bg lreKq tl;= lrkq ,efí' wd' ix' nexl=j ndysr fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ jk ljr fyda mQ¾jdfmalaIs; uqyqKg uqyqK ,d isÿ flfrk yuq ùï we;=¿ woyia úuiSfï ie,iqï ilia l< hq;= w;r tn÷ ie,iqï iïmQ¾K lrk ,o l,ays tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels úh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j WmfoaYkh i|yd m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels wvq ;rñka tla m%;sm;a;s flgqïm;la fyda uQf,damdh ms<sn| tla f,aLkhla ielish hq;af;a h' wfkla m%;sm;a;s yd uQf,damdhka iïnkaOfhka - WodyrKhla jYfhka" uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh" È<s÷lu my; fy<Sfï uQf,damdh yd j.W;a;r iemhSu ms<sn| hka;%Kh - wd' ix' nexl= md,l uKav,hg tajd o fï fþofha wjYH;djkag hg;a jk nj ;SrKh l< yels h'

67' wd' ix' nex' tys wOHlaI uKav,h fyda md,l uKav,h úiska wjidk wkqu;sh

§fuka miq wm%udo j tys ish¨ u m%;sm;a;s fyda uQf,damdh ms<sn| f,aLk m%isoaêfha

16

,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' úêu;a wOHlaI uKav, /iaùul § wOHlaI uKav,h úiska idlÉPd lrk ,o iEu m%;sm;a;shla u yd uQf,damdhla u i|yd wd' ix' nexl=j m%;sm;a;sh fyda uQf,damdh ms<sn| f,aLkh wkdjrKh lrkq ,eîu;a iuÕ ta wjia:dfõ § u iNdm;sjrhdf.a ¨yq~q m%ldYh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

68' wd' ix' nexl=j rdIaà%h yd l,dmSh jevigyka ieliSu yd jHdmD;s msßieliqï i|yd

bÈßm;a lrk tys m%;sm;a;s yd ld¾h mámdàka m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' fïjdg fufyhqï w;a fmd; - Operations Manual ^nexl= m%;sm;a;s yd fufyhqï ld¾h mámdàka& yd m%;sixúys; wd' ix' nexl=j i|yd jHdmdßl l%shdodufhda - Business Processes for the Reorganized ADB - hk f,aLk we;=<;a fõ' wd' ix' nexl=j jHdmD;s mßmd,k Wmfoia yd ld¾h uKav, fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s yd wd' ix' nexl=j ms<sn| w;a fmd;a o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug o lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^we& jHdmD;s yd jevigyka ^i& jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh

69' wd' ix' nexl=j jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh m%isoaêfha ,nd

.ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' fuh jQ l,s jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla ms<sn| ¨yq~q lreKquh m%ldYkhls' rdcH yd mqoa.,sl wxYj, jHdmD;s i|yd bÈßm;a flfrk jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkhg ^i& jHdmD;sfha ku; ^ii& lafIa;%uh" f;aud.; yd b,lal.; j¾.SlrKh; ^iii& jHdmD;s$jevigyka wxlh; ^iv& wdOdr ,nd fok udÈ,sh ke; fyd;a úêh; ^v& msysàu yd N+f.da, úoHd;aul wdjrKh; ^vi& úia;rh; ^vii& wruqKq yd úIh m:h - wfmalaIs; ixj¾Ok n,mEu we;=<;a j; ^viii& msßjeh yd uQ,H iïmdok ie,eiau ^rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s i|yd muKs&; ^ix& l%shd;aul lsÍfï ksfhdað; wdh;k ke; fyd;a wkq.%dylhd$wkq.%dylfhda; ^x& fjka lrk ,o mdßißl yd iudÔh wdrlaIKh iqmsßlaiSfï m%j¾.; ^xi& mdßißl yd iudÔh .eg¨ ms<sn| idrdxYh; ^xii& rdIaà%h ikao¾Nh; ^xiii& isÿ lr we;s fyda ie,iqï lr we;s WmfoaYkhka; ^xiv& j.lsj hq;= wd' ix' nexl= fomd¾;fïka;=j" fldÜGdih yd ks,Odßhd; ^xv& jHdmD;s úl,am f,aLkh ke; fyd;a mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s ksIaldik f,aLkh; ^xvi& jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh ms<sfh< l< Èkh yd b;d u uE; § isÿ l< hdj;ald, lsÍu; ^xvii& iQodkï lrk ,o fyda iQodkï lsÍug kshu lr we;s YlH;d yd ;dlaIKsl f,aLkj, ,ehsia;=j; iy ^xviii& ;lafiare n,h mejÍu yd wOHlaI uKav, i,ld ne,Sï i|yd wd.Kkh lrk ,o Èk we;=¿ j wdOdr" ie,iqï" msßieliqï yd l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd ld, igykla we;=<;a fõ' jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh jQ l,s l%shd;aul fjñka ;sfnk lghq;a;la fyhska ^viii&" ^x&" ^xi&" ^xiii& yd ^xvii& hk wxl hgf;a wvx.= f;dr;=re Bg we;=<;a fkd úh yels h' ta jk úg m%drïNl jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh ù ;sfnkq we;' ,nd .; yels j ;sfnk f;dr;=re n÷ f;dr;=re fïjdg we;=<;a jkq we;'

11' rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh

70' wd' ix' nexl=j jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla iïnkaOfhka fmriQodkï lghq;=

wdrïN l< jyd u mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla i|yd bÈßm;a

17

flfrk uQ,sl jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' fï lghq;a; jHdmD;sh fyda jevigyk i|yd bÈßm;a flfrk úl,am f,aLkh wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka miq Èk 30la blaujd hdug fmr bgq l< hq;af;a h' rdcH wxYfha Kh jHdmD;shla iQodkï flfrk ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< jHdmD;sfha l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn| we.hqu i|yd moku imhkakd jQ jHdmD;s ie,eiau yd wëlaIK rduqj j¾Okh lrkq ,efí' wd' ix' nexl=j jHdmD;sh ke; fyd;a jevigyk ;lafiare lsÍug u;af;ka jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh ;=< ie,iqï yd wëlaIK rduqj we;=<;a l< hq;af;a h'

71' wd' ix' nexl=j jHdmD;sfha iajNdjh ms<sìUq lsÍu i|yd jHdmD;sh ke; fyd;a

jevigyk iQodkï lsÍfï ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh hdj;ald, l< hq;af;a h' jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< § wd' ix' nexl=j tys jHdmD;s ld¾h idOk l<ukdlrK moaO;s ;=<ska rdcH wxYhg § we;s Kh yd ;dlaIKsl wdOdr jHdmD;s jif¾ iEu ld¾;=jl § u wëlaIKh lrhs' wd' ix' nexl=j l%shdldrlï yd .eg¨ o ixj¾Ok wruqKq yd .súiqïj, iajNdjh o Kh Wmfhda.SlrKh o ms<sìUq lsÍug jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< jif¾ iEu ld¾;=jla mdid u th hdj;ald, l< hq;= jkafka h'

72' wd' ix' nexl=j rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;shl fyda jevigykl tys iyNd.s;ajh k;r

lrkafka kï" Bg wkqrEmS jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh ;=< iyNd.s;ajh k;r lsÍug fya;=j oelafjk m%ldYhla we;=<;a l< hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j iyNd.s;ajh k;r lsÍfuka miq udi 6la .; jk ;=re k;r lrk ,o jHdmD;s i|yd jk jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^iii& mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh

73' lsis hï jHdmD;shla wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nkag bv we;ehs wd' ix'

nexl=j ;SrKh lsÍfuka miq mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;shla i|yd bÈßm;a flfrk m%drïNl jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfy;a th l< hq;af;a jHdmD;sh i,ld ne,Su i|yd wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk Èkhg le,ekavr Èk 30lg u;af;ks' mdßißl m%;sm;a;sh úiska mdßißl n,mEï ms<sn| ixlafIamKSh ;lafiarejla fyda ixlafIamKSh uQ,sl mdßißl úNd. lsÍula b,a,d isákq ,nk mdßißl j ixfõ§ jHdmD;s m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh l< hq;= jkafka h' fuh wOHlaI uKav,fha i,ld ne,Su i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍug wvq ;rñka le,ekavr Èk 120lg u;af;ka l< hq;= j ;sfí'xv wd' ix' nexl=j mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh wOHlaI uKav,fha i,ld ne,Su i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍug wvq ;rñka le,ekavr Èk 120lg u;af;ka m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh l< hq;af;a h' jHdmD;s iQodkï lsÍu" mss<sieliSu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu wdrïN ùu;a iuÕ wd' ix' nexl=j jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh ff;%udisl j hdj;ald, l< hq;= jkafka h' jHdmD;shg iïnkaO l%shdldrlï o ixj¾Ok wruqKqj, ld¾h ;;ajh yd ljr fyda øjHuh fjkiaùula fõ kï tajd o fulS hdj;ald, lsÍu ;=< ms<sìUq úh hq;= j ;sfí' wd' ix' nexl=j mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;shla ;=< tys iyNd.s;ajh k;r lrkafka kï Bg wkqrEmS jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLkh wd' ix' nexl=fõ iyNd.s;ajh k;r l< nj oelafjk m%ldYhla Bg we;=<;a l< hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j k;r lrk ,o jHdmD;s i|yd jk" jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka f;dr;=re

18

f,aLkh jHdmD;shg iyNd.s;ajh k;r lsÍfuka miq udi 6la ;siafia m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

iv. jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jk ck;dj fjkqfjka f;dr;=re iemhSu

74' jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jk ck;dj yd wfkl=;a mqoa.,hka yd ixúOdk iuÕ

ixjdohlg myiqlï ie,iSu i|yd oekg iQodkï fjñka mj;sk rdcH fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;shla ke; fyd;a jevigykla .ek ^iudÔh yd mdßißl .eg¨ we;=¿ j& f;dr;=re n,mEug md;% jQ ck;djg ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh l< hq;= j ;sfí' f;dr;=re imhkq ,nk nj;a fhdað; jHdmD;s ie,eiau iïnkaOfhka m%;sfmdaIKh ,nd .ekSug W;aidy orkq ,nk nj;a flakaøSh wruqK ù we;af;a n,mEug md;% jQ ck;dj iuÕ ksrka;r in|;d mj;ajd .ekSu nj;a iy;sl lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=j Kh .ekqïlrejkag fyda jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhka iuÕ ióm j lghq;= l< hq;af;a h' jHdmD;s ie,iqï ;=< n,mEug md;% jk ck;djf.a woyia Woyia m%udKj;a wkaoñka ie,ls,a,g .; yels ùu msKsi;a th jHdmD;sh ke; fyd;a jevigyk iQodkï lsÍu" ms<sieliqï lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu hk iEu wjêhl § u wLKav j lr f.k hdu msKsi;a fï lghq;a; jHdmD;sh iQodkï lsÍfï uq,a wjêfha § u wdrïN l< hq;= h' jHdmD;sfha fyda jevigyfka ie,eiau th l%shd;aul flfrk ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< md¾Yajlrejkag m%;sfmdaIKh lsÍug bv ,nd fok njg wd' ix' nexl=j iy;sl úh hq;= h' jHdmD;sfha úIh m:hg wod< j isÿ flfrk ljr fyda m%Odk fjkila .ek Bg wod< f;dr;=re n,mEug md;% jk ck;dj iuÕ fnod yod .kq ,nk nj wd' ix' nexl=j úiska iy;sl l< hq;af;a h'

75' 74 jeks fþofha b,a,d we;s wjYH;djkag iydh §u i|yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk

idudðl rgj, wdKavq yd wd' ix' nexl=j taldnoaO j iuyr ^úfYaIfhka" by< uÜgfï uyck Wkkaÿjla ckkh lsÍug bv ;sfnk& jHdmD;s yd jevigyka i|yd ikaksfõok ie,iqï j¾Okh l< yels h' WodyrKhla jYfhka" tn÷ ie,iqïj,g n,mEug md;% jQ ck;dj iuÕ ixjdohl ksr; úh hq;= wdldrh o wd¾Ól yd ffk;sl m%;sixialrK ms<sn| f;dr;=re lrd m%fõY ùug uyckhdg we;s wjia:d mq¿,a lrk wdldrh o wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=< n,mEug md;% jQ ck;dj ms<sn| lghq;=j, ksr; j isák wdKavq yd jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhkag Wmldr lrk wdldrh o ixj¾Ok l%shdoduh ;=< ìï uÜgfï yd isú,a iudcfha iyNd.s;ajh j¾Okh lrk wdldrh o ks¾foaY l< yels h'xvi

76' fm!oa.,sl wxYfha ysñldrhka yd jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lrk wdh;k tlsfklg fjkia

yelshdjkaf.ka hq;a wiudk lKavdhuls' wd' ix' nexl=j Tjqka iuÕ lghq;= lsÍfï § idudkHfhka kuHYS,S fjhs' mqoa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack i|yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ mdßißl yd iudc wdrlaIK wjYH;djkaf.a uQ,sldx. fmdÿfõ i,lk l, rdcH wxYhg o tl yd iudk fjhs' wd' ix' nexl=fõ wdrlaIK m%;sm;a;sj,g tajdfha jHdmD;sj, iudÔh yd mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiare lsÍug" l<ukdlrKh lsÍug" wëlaIKh lsÍug yd wkdjrKh lsÍug mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhka wjYH fjhs' mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhka n,mEug md;% jQ ck;dj iuÕ fõ,dikska ld¾h kshqla; ùu yd wjfndaO l< yels yd <Õd úh yels wdldrfha m%cd.Khka fj; ksis l,g wod< jHdmD;s f;dr;=re m;=rejd yeÍu tajdg wh;a fjhs' fï wruqK lrd <Õd ùfï § jHdmD;s wkq.%dylfhda jHdmD;sh ;lafiare lsÍug u;af;ka tys n,mEug md;% jk ck;dj iuÕ th ld¾h kshqla; jkag woyia lrkafka flfia oehs hkak wd' ix' nexl=jg oekqï Èh hq;a;dy'

19

v. mdßißl we.hSï 77' mdßißl m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a b,a¨ï flfrk wjYH;djkag wkql+, fjñka wd' ix'

nexl=j mdßißl j ixfõ§ hehs yÕsk A m%j¾.hg wh;a jHdmD;shla i|yd ixlafIamKSh mdßißl n,mEï ms<sn| we.hSula fyda B m%j¾.hg wh;a jHdmD;shla i|yd ixlafIamKSh m%drïNl mdßißl úu¾Ykhla m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' fuh ^i& wd' ix' nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,h Kh i,ld ne,Sug o ^ii& mdßißl jYfhka ixfõ§ hehs yÕskq ,nk A m%j¾.hg wh;a Wm jHdmD;shla fyda B m%j¾.hg wh;a Wm jHdmD;shla wkqu; lsÍug o tfia;a ke;a kï ^iii& wod< wjia:djkays jHdmD;sfha úIh m:hla iïnkaOfhka isÿ flfrk m%Odk fjkialula wkqu; lsÍug o wvq ;rñka le,ekavr Èk 120lg u;af;ka l< hq;= fjhs'xvii Wkkaÿj;a md¾Yajhkaf.a b,a,Su mßÈ mQ¾K mdßißl n,mEï ms<sn| we.hSula yd m%drïNl mdßißl úu¾Ykhla Tjqkag ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla wd' ix' nexl=j we;s l< hq;af;a h'

78' Kh .ekqïlre fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhd jHdmD;sfha mdßißl .eg¨ ms<sn|

wod< f;dr;=re n,mEug md;% jQ ck;djg ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;dah' fuh mdßißl m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a b,a¨ïlr we;s mßÈ jHdmD;sfha n,mEug md;% jk lKavdhï yd foaYSh rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk iuÕ woyia úuiSug l,ska fyda ta w;r;=r isÿ l< hq;= fjhs'xviii A m%j¾.hg wh;a jHdmD;s i|yd Kh .ekqïlre fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhd tn÷ f;dr;=re wjia:d foll § n,mEug md;% jQ ck;djg ,nd .; yels nj iy;sl l< hq;af;a h( ^i& mdßißl n,mEï we.hSï ms<sn| lafIa;% lghq;=j, uq,a wjêh ;=<; yd ^ii& we.hSug u;af;ka mdßißl n,mEï we.hSï jd¾;d flgqïm; ,nd .; yels jQ l,ays'

79' uQ,Huh w;rueÈhl= ;=< iudk wdfhdack fyda Wm jHdmD;s i|yd Kh mámdáhla

iyNd.S lr .kq ,nk iy mßir m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a mdßißl l<ukdlrKhla wjYH flfrk rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s ke; fyd;a jevigyka iïnkaOfhka i,lk l, tn÷ jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla i|yd bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYhg mdßißl l<ukdlrK moaO;sh ms<sn| úia;rhla we;=<;a úh hq;af;a h'

^vi& h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,iqï f,aLkh

80' wksÉPdkq. ^ish leue;af;ka ndysr j& h<s mÈxÑ lrùu iïnkaO Operation

Manualys, t*a2$îmS j.ka;sh hgf;a Kh .ekqïlre fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhd jHdmD;sfha n,mEug md;% jk ckhdg my; oelafjk f,aLk ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj ie,ish hq;af;a h'xix

^i& we.hSug u;af;ka - h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiafuys flgqï m;la; ^ii& h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï wjidk ie,eiau iïmQ¾K lsÍfuka miq - tn÷ h<s

mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiaula; iy ^iii& jevigyfkys fyda jHdmD;sfhys úIh m:h ;=< we;s lrkq ,nk

iúia;rd;aul ;dlaIKsl ie,iqï fyda fjkialïj, m%;sM,hla f,i h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiaug we;=<;a lsÍfuka miq xx - ixfYdaê; h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiau'

20

81' 80 jeks fþoh ;=< úfYaI fldg olajd we;s f,aLkj, f;dr;=re foaYSh NdIdj,ska

,shejqKq fmd;a msxpj,a" m;%sld fyda l=vd fmd;a jYfhka ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh yels h' lshùug yd ,sùug wiu;a ck;dj fjkqfjka fjk;a ikaksfõok l%ufõo fhda.H jkq we;'

82' wd' ix' nexl=j my; oelafjk f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh

hq;af;a h(

^i& we.hSug u;af;ka - h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiau fyda rduqj ^fyda fol u& wka;¾.; flgqïm;la;

^ii& h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï wjidk ie,eiau ,enqKq l,ays - wjidk h<s mÈxÑ lr

ùfï ie,eiau; yd ^iii& ixfYdaê; h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,eiau ,enqKq l,ays - ixfYdaê; h<s mÈxÑ

lr ùfï ie,eiau ^vii& iajfoaYsl ckhd ms<sn| ie,iqï f,aLkh

83' Kh .ekqïlre fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhd iajfoaYsl ckhd$jd¾.sl iq¿;rh

jk jHdmD;sfha n,mEug md;% jk ck;djg my; oelafjk f,aLk ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h(

^i& we.hSug u;af;ka - iajfoaYsl ck;dj ixj¾Okh lsÍfï ie,eiafuys

flgqï m;la;

^ii& iajfoaYsl ck;dj ixj¾Okh lsÍfï wjidk ie,eiau iïmQ¾Kfhka ilia lsÍfuka miq - tn÷ iajfoaYsl ck;dj ixj¾Okh lsÍfï ie,eiau; yd

^iii& jevigykg fyda jHdmD;shg wod< úIh m:h ;=< isÿ flfrk

iúia;rd;aul ;dlaIKsl ie,eiaul fyda fjkia lsÍul m%;sM,hla f,i iajfoaYsl ckhd ms<sn| ie,eiaug ixfYdaOk f.k tafuka miq jxxi - ixfYdaê; iajfoaYsl ck;djf.a ixj¾Okh ms<sn| ie,eiau'

84' 83 jeks fþoh ;=< úfYaI fldg olajk ,o f;dr;=re foaYSh NdIdjkaf.ka fmd;a

msxÑ" m;%sld yd l=vd fmd;a jYfhka ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh yels j ;sfí' lshùfuys yd ,sùfuys wiu;a ck;dj i|yd fjk;a ikaksfõok l%ufõo fhdod .ekSu fhda.H jkq we;'

85' wd' ix' nexl=j my; oelafjk f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h(

^i& we.hSug u;af;ka - iajfoaYsl ckhdf.a ixj¾Okh ms<sn| ie,eiaug fyda rduqjg ^fyda fol u& wod< flgqïm;la;

^ii& iajfoaYsl ck;djka ms<sn| wjidk ixj¾Ok ie,eiau ,eîfuka miq -

iajfoaYsl ck;djka ms<sn| wjidk ixj¾Ok ie,eiau; yd

21

^iii& ixfYdaê; iajfoaYsl ck;djka ms<sn| ixj¾Ok ie,eiaula ,eîfuka miq -

ixfYdaê; iajfoaYsl ck;djka ms<sn| ixj¾Ok ie,eiau

^viii& jHdmdßl wjia:d ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu 86' wd' ix' nexl=j uqo,a iemhSu i|yd iQodkï j isák iEu mqoa.,sl wxYfha

jHdmD;shla iïnkaOfhka u jk jHdmdßl wjia:d oelafjk ,ehsia;=jla m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=jg lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' l%shd;aul lsÍfï ksfhdað; wdh;k yd .súiqï m%odkhka uÕska ksl=;a lrkq ,nk l<ukd iïmdok oekaùï o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nex' lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^ix& uQ,sl È<s÷lu yd iudÔh we.hSu

87' ish¨ wdfhdack jHdmD;s yd jevigyka i|yd uQ,sl È<s÷lu yd iudÔh we.hSula

lrkq ,nk w;r th lsis hï jHdmD;shlska m%;s,dN ,eìh yels fyda ydkslr n,mEïj,g md;% úh yels ck;dj fmkakqï lrhs' wd' ix' nexl=j fulS we.hSu iïmQ¾K lrk ,o l,ays th m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^x& ;dlaIKsl wdOdr jd¾;dj

88' ;dlaIKsl wdOdr jd¾;djla hkq ;dlaIKsl wdOdr ,eìh hq;= jHdmD;shla i|yd uqo,a

iemhSu iïnkaOfhka flfrk ks¾foaYhls' wod< n,OdÍka ^wOHlaI uKav, iNdm;s fyda Wm iNdm;s& úiska wkqu; lrkq ,enQ l,ays m%udohlska f;dr j ish¨ u ;dlaIKsl wdOdr jd¾;d m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSu i|yd wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^xi& ;dlaIKsl wdOdr hgf;a iïmdÈ; f,aLk 89' ;dlaIKsl wdOdr jHdmD;shla i|yd YlH;d wOHhk" iúia;rd;aul jHdmD;s

ie,iqï" lafIa;% iudf,dapk" yd WmfoaYlhka úiska bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk fjk;a jd¾;d n÷ iqúfYaIS jd¾;d iïmdokh lrkq ,eîu wjYH h' ;dlaIKsl wdOdr flfrka iïmdokh lrkq ,nk wjidk jd¾;d iïmQ¾K flreKq l,ays wd' ix' nexl=j th m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' rgj,a jeä jeäfhka WmfoaYl ;dlaIKsl wdOdr ;=<ska ixfõ§ ldrKd iïnkaOfhka wd' ix' nexl=fõ Wmfoia n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka h hk i;Hh ms<s.ksñka wd' ix' nexl=j WmfoaYl ;dlaIKsl wdOdr hgf;a iïmdokh lrkq ,nk wjika jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍug úreoaO;ajh m< lsÍug wdKavqj,g wjia:dj ,nd Èh hq;af;a h'xxii ;dlaIKsl iydh hgf;a iQodkï lrk ,o rg iqúfYaIS lr .ekqKq jd¾;d flgqïm;a fyda tajdhska fldgia foaYSh md¾Yajlrejkag ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla ks¾udKh lsÍug wd' ix' nexl=jg mshjr .; yels h' tfia l< yels jkq we;af;a tlS md¾Yajlrejkag WmfoaYk idlÉPd fyda ixj¾Ok iyNd.sl;ajhka i|yd myiqlï i,iajd §u fyda jHdmD;s ie,eiau ms<sn| j Tjqkaf.a woyia ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd §u wjYH hehs wd' ix' nexl=j ;SrKh lrkafka kï muKs'

^xii& iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh

22

90' iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh hkq wkqu;sh i|yd wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o jHdmD;s iïnkaO ;SrK wvx.= f,aLkhls' wd' ix' nexl=j rdcH wxYfha iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o l,ays th wm%udo j m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j mqoa.,sl wxYfha iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh wvx.= f,aLkj, ixlafIams; msgm; wOHlaI uKav, wkqu;sh ,o l,ays tajd wm%udo j m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h; fï msgm; ryiH f;dr;=re yd jHdmD;sh fyda .kqfokq ms<sn| wjodku .ek wd' ix' nexl=fõ we.hSu neyer lrkq we;'

^xiii& jHdmD;s mßmd,k ikafoaYh

91' iEu rdcH wxYfha Kh jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla i|yd u bÈßm;a flfrk

jHdmD;s mßmd,k ikafoaYh Kh .ekqïlrejdg o úOdhl ksfhdað; wdh;khg o l%shd;aul lrk ksfhdað; wdh;khg yd wd' ix' nexl=jg o jHdmD;sh mßmd,kh lsÍug bv ,nd fok f;dr;=re wka;¾.; lr .kshs' jHdmD;s mßmd,k ikafoaYh wkqu; lrkq ,enQ l,ays wd' ix' nexl=j th m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^xiv& iudÔh yd mdßißl wëlaIK jd¾;d

92' Kh .súiqula i|yd jHdmD;shla fyda jevigykla l%shd;aul jk ld,h ;=< iQodkï

lrkq ,nk iuyr iudÔh yd mdßißl jd¾;d wjYH úh yels h' mdßißl yd iudÔh wëlaIK jd¾;d wd' ix' nexl=jg bÈßm;a lrk ,o l,ays tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' mdßißl yd iudÔh wëlaIK jd¾;d jHdmD;sfha n,mEug md;% jQ ckhdg ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùu i|yd wd' ix' nexl=jg mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhl= wjYH jkq we;' n,mEug md;% jQ ck;djg foaYSh jYfhka wkdjrKh lrkq ,en ;sfnk mdßißl yd iudÔh wëlaIK jd¾;d wd' ix' nexl=jg bÈßm;a lsÍfuka miq tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^xv& jHdmD;s yd jevigykaj, úIh m:h fjkia lsÍu

93' wd' ix' nexl=j tys wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk tys jHdmD;s fyda

jevigykaj, úIh m:fhys isÿ flfrk m%Odk fjkialïj,g iïnkaê; f,aLk tjeks fjkia lsÍï wkqu;sh i|yd bÈßm;a l< l,ays tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^xvi& fldgia uqod yeÍu iïnkaO m%.;s jd¾;d

94' nyqúO jHdmdr jia;= fldgia iys; rdcH wxYfha jevigyka uÕska isÿ flfrk Kh

iemhSfï fufyhqul fldgia uqod yeÍu iïnkaO m%.;s jd¾;d wOHlaI uKav,fha fyda md,l uKav,fha wkqu;sh i|yd bÈßm;a l< l,ays wd' ix' nexl=j tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'

^xvii& jHdmD;s" ;dlaIKsl wdOdr yd jevigyka iudma;sh ms<sn| jd¾;d

23

95' jHdmD;s" ;dlaIKsl iydh yd jevigyka iudma;sh ms<sn| jd¾;d wOHlaI uKav,h ;=< fnod yßkq ,eîfuka miq wd' ix' nexl=j tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;shla iïnkaO iudma;s jd¾;dj tys ixj¾Ok wruqKq w;a m;a lr .ekSu .ek jd¾;d l< hq;af;a h'

^wE& uQf,damdhka" jevigyka yd jHdmD;sj,g wod< fjk;a f;dr;=re ^i& fufyhqï we.hSu

96' wd' ix' nexl=j j¾Ih i|yd ie,iqï l< tys fufyhqï we.hSï ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla

l,ska jif¾ foieïn¾ udih ;=< m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tys we.hSï i|yd f;aÍï ks¾Kdhlhka o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= h'

97' wd' ix' nexl=j my; oelafjk jd¾;d ks;sm;d iïmdokh lrhs( jHdmD;s$jevigyka

l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| ú.Kk jd¾;d" ;dlaIKsl wdOdr l%shd;aul lsÍu ms<sn| ú.Kk jd¾;d" n,mEï we.hSfï wOHhkhka" rdIaà%h wdOdr jevigyka ms<sn| we.hSï" lafIa;% wdOdr jevigyka we.hSï iy úfYaI we.hSï wOHhkhka' wd' ix' nexl=j tn÷ we.hSï jd¾;d md,l uKav,hg yd wOHlaI uKav,hg fnod fok wjia:dfõ § tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' jd¾;dj ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOk lñgqj uÕska idlÉPd lrkq ,nkafka kï wd' ix' nexl=j ix' ld' lñgq iNdm;sjrhdf.a ¨yq~q m%ldYh idlÉPdfjka i;s folla we;=<; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' ;j o" wd' ix' nexl=j md,l uKav,h fyda fufyhqï we.hSfï fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk m%;spdr lsisjla fõ kï tajd iïmQ¾K jQ l,ays m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

98' wd' ix' nexl=j jd¾Isl we.hSï jd¾;d o iïmdokh lrhs' we.hSï l%shdldrlïj,

jd¾Isl iudf,dapkh l%shdldß;ajhka we.hSfï lghq;= yd fufyhqï we.hSï fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fidhd .ekSï ixlafIamKh lrhs' Kh iy ;dlaIKsl wdfhdack l%shdldß;ajh iïnkaO jd¾Isl jd¾;djla fok ,o j¾Ihla i|yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ wdfhdack l%shdldß;ajh we.hSug ,la lrhs' wd' ix' nexl=j tn÷ jd¾Isl we.hSï jd¾;d ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOk lñgqj úiska idlÉPd lrkq ,enQ úg tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^ii& iu uQ,H iïmdok f;dr;=re

99' wd' ix' nexl=j jdKscuh iu uQ,H iïmdokh wjYH flfrk rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s ms<sn| ff;%udisl idrdxYhla jif¾ iEu ld¾;=jl u m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j ks, iu uQ,H iïmdokh ms<sn| f;dr;=re - fok ,o ;dlaIKsl wdOdr fyda wdfhdack jHdmD;shla i|yd bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk m%Odk fldkafoais yd wjYH;d n÷ - iEu wod< ;dlaIKsl wdOdr jd¾;djla fyda iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh ;=< u ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j tn÷ ks, iu uQ,H iïmdokhka i|yd jk ffk;sl yd uQ,Huh .súiqï wdfhdaclhd úreoaO fkd jkafka kï b,a¨ï l< úfgl ,nd §ug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j yd oaúmd¾Yaúl fyda nyqmd¾Yaúl iu wdfhdaclhd w;r we;s lr .kq ,nk ud¾.hl uQ,H .súiqï tajd w;aika ;eîfuka miq tn÷ wdfhdaclhl= úreoaO fkd jkafka kï m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' jdKscuh iu wdfhdack .ssúiqï m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug bv fkd ,efnkq we;'

24

^iii& ¥IK úfrdaë f;dr;=re 100' wd' ix' nexl=j tys fufyhqï iïnkaOfhka kefÕk jxpd yd ¥IK ms<sn| fpdaokd

l,ska l,g úu¾Ykh lrhs' wd' ix' nexl=j jxpd yd ¥IK iïnkaOfhka tys úu¾Ykj, m%;sM,j,g iïnkaê; ixLHduh f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' Bg w;sf¾l j" ú.Kk lghq;=j,ska ,efnk jeo.;a ks¾foaY yd .eg¨ wd' ix' nexl=fõ jd¾Isl jd¾;djg ixhqla; l< hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=jg tys ¥IK úfrdaë m%;sm;a;shgxxiii wkql+, fjñka úu¾Ykj, ud;Dldjkaf.a yd ;ykï lrk ,o md¾Yajhkaf.a kïj, wkkH;djka we;=¿ j úu¾Ykhkaf.a m%;sM, wd' ix' nexl=fõ idudðl rgj,aj, wdKavq iuÕ fnod yod .; yels h'

^iv& rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s yd jevigykaj,g wod< ffk;sl .súiqï

101' Bg wu;r j" 1995 ckjdß 1 jeks odg l,ska wd' ix' nexl=j t<UqKq rdcH wxYfha

Kh .súiqï" jHdmD;s .súiqï yd ixfYdaOk i|yd wd' ix' nexl=j tjeks f,aLk ,nd .ekSug wjia:dj i,id §ug u;af;ka wod< wdKavqfõ wkqu;sh me;sh hq;af;a h' wod< wdKavqj tjka wkqu;shla i|yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ b,a,Su u; le,ekavr Èk 30la we;=<; tn÷ f,aLk wkdjrKh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka tys úreoaO;ajh wd' ix' nexl=jg oekqï fkd ÿk fyd;a wd' ix' nexl=j .súiqu i|yd b,a¨ï lsÍfuka Èk 60la we;=<; tjka .súiqï ´kE u b,a¨ïlrejl=g ,nd .ekSug lghq;= i,iajkq we;'

102' wd' ix' nexl=j" 1995 ckjdß 1 jeks od iy m%;sm;a;sh n, mj;ajk Èkh w;r

t<UqKq rdcH wxYfha Kh .súiqï yd jHdmD;s .súiqï yd tjeks .súiqïj,g f.k tk ,o ljr fyda ixfYdaOk fõ kï tajd o b,aÆ úfgl ,nd .; yels ;;ajhla i,iajkq we;' th tfia lrkqfha tn÷ .súiqï" yd ixfYdaOk ;=< wvx.= ljr fyda ryiH f;dr;=rla fõ kï tajd o bj;a lsÍfuka miq j h' tlS f;dr;=re tn÷ f;dr;=re f,i úfYaI fldg olajkq ,nkafka tjeks .súiqï yd ixfYdaOkk ms<sn| j idlÉPd meje;afjk fudfydf;a n,fha isák wod< wdKavq úisks'

103' wd' ix' nexl=j" m%;sm;a;sh n, mj;ajk Èkhg miq j t<UqKq rdcH wxYfha Kh

.súiqï" wd' ix' wruqof,a m%;smdok .súiqï yd tajdg wod< iy.dó iNdm;sjrhdf.a jd¾;dj yd ks¾foaYh iuÕ m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' ryiH f;dr;=re bj;a lsÍfuka miq tjeks .súiqï m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' ljr fyda ixfYdaOkhla fõ kï wd' ix' nexl=j tn÷ ixfYdaOk tajd ld¾h idOl;ajhg m;a ùfuka i;s 2la we;=<; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^v& mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s iïnkaO ffk;sl .súiqï

104' wd' ix' nexl=j úiska t<fUk ,o mqoa.,sl wxYfha ffk;sl .súiqï fyda tn÷

.súiqïj,g f.k tk ,o ixfYdaOk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug wd' ix' nexl=j lghq;= ie,eiaùu fkd l< hq;af;a h'

3' fjk;a f;dr;=re ^w& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqof,a iïm;aj,ska m%odkh flfrk wdfhdack

M,odhs;ajh mokï lr .ekqKq m%;smdok

25

105' wd' ix' wruqof,a iïm;a ,nd .ekSug iqÿiqlu ks¾Kh lrkafka wd' ix' nexl=fõ l%uj;a lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh hs'xxiv iqÿiqlï we;s rgj,a iïnkaOfhka wdfhdack M,odhs;ajh mokï lr .ekqKq m%;smdok m%odkh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh m%;smdok i|yd uÕ fmkaùug wjYH uQ,O¾u yd ks¾Kdhlhka ks¾jdpkh lrhs'xxv wd' ix' wruqof,a iïm;a lrd m%fõY ùug yelshdj we;s iEu rgla iïnkaOfhka u" wd' ix' nexl=j ixLHd;aul M,odhs;aj w.hka rdIaà%h M,odhs;aj we.hSï ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=<ska m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' rdIaà%h m%;sm;a;sh yd wdh;kuh we.hSï i|yd jk fufyhqï kshuhka o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^wd& wd¾Ól o;a; yd m¾fhaIK

106' wd' ix' nexl=j tys jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ^Annual Report& fuka u wd¾Ól yd iudÔh

o;a;hka" úYaf,aIK yd wkdjels wvx.= wdishdkq ixj¾Ok oelau ^Asian Development Outlook& o wdishdkq ixj¾Ok oelafuys hdj;ald, lsÍï ^Asian Development Outlook Update& yd m%Odk o¾Ylfhda ^Key Indicators& o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

107' wd' ix' nexl=j m¾fhaIK" jd¾;d yd úYaf,aIK wvx.= wka;¾cd,h Tiafia ,nd

.; yels fmd;aj, mD:q, kdudj,shla o iïfï,k m;%sld o jdr ix.%yhka o jd¾;d o wOHhkhka yd ;dlaIKsl Wmfoia o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^we& mßmd,kuh yd fjk;a f;dr;=re

108' wd' ix' nexl=j my; oelafjk f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h(

^i& wd' ix' nexl=j ia:dmkh lsÍfï .súiqu; ^ii& wd' ix' nexl=fõ w;=re kS;s; ^iii& wd' ix' nexl=fõ úOdhl uKav,fha kS;s yd ld¾h mámdáh; ^iv& wd' ix' nexl=fõ wOHlaI uKav,fha kS;s yd ld¾h mámdáh; yd

^v& wd' ix' nexl=fõ uQ,ia:dkh iïnkaOfhka wd' ix' nexl=j yd ms,smSk

ckrc wdKavqj w;r we;s lr f.k ;sfnk .súiqu'

109' wd' ix' nexl=j my; oelafjk f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h(

^i& wd' ix' nexl=fõ idudðl rgj,a" tajdfha odhl m%d.aOkh yd Pkao n,h; ^ii& úOdhl uKav, idudðlhka; ^iii& wOHlaI uKav, idudðlhka yd Tjqkaf.a Pkao ysñ lKavdhï; ^iv& wOHlaI uKav, lñgq yd tajdfha idudðlhka; ^v& wd' ix' nexl= md,l u~q,af,a idudðlhka yd fcHaIaG ld¾h uKav,h;

26

^vi& wd' ix' nexl=fõ ixúOdk jHQyh; yd ^vii& by; oelafjk tla tla lreK .ek in|;d we;s lr .ekSu i|yd

f;dr;=re

110' wd' ix' nexl=j wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; l< l,ays rgj,a ms<sn| j¾.SlrKh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

111' wd' ix' nexl=j wOHlaI uKav,h idlÉPd lrkq ,eîu;a iuÕ iEu uqo,a j¾Ihla

i|yd u jevigyk yd whjeh rduqj m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' 112' wd' ix' nexl=j úOdhl uKav,h úiska .kq ,enQ ;SrK yd úOdhl ks,OdÍkaf.a

foaYk we;=<;a tys jd¾Isl /iaùïj, ¨yq~q jd¾;d tn÷ iEu jd¾Isl /iaùula u meje;aùfuka le,ekavr Èk 60la we;=<; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j úOdhl uKav,h úiska ;eme,a Pkaoh ;=<ska .kq ,enQ ;SrK b,aÆ úfgl ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

113' wd' ix' nexl=j ^i& t<fUk i;s 3 i|yd wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPdjkaf.a hdj;ald,

lrk ,o ld¾h mámdàka yd ud;Dld ;djld,sl mokula u; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h; ^ii& iEu wOHlaI uKav, /iaùul u jd¾;d wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o l,ays tajd wOHlaI uKav, /iaùfuka le,ekavr Èk 60la we;=<; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

114' wd' ix' nexl=j wOHlaI uKav, lñgqj úiska ilia lrk ,ÿj mQ¾K wOHlaI

uKav,hg bÈßm;a flfrk jd¾;d m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a tfia lrk f,i lñgqj ks¾foaY lrkafka kï yd wOHlaI uKav,h wkqu; lrkafka kï muKs'

^wE& uQ,Huh f;dr;=re

115' wd' ix' nexl=j idudkH m%d.aOk iïm;a iïnkaOfhka o wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqo,"

;dlaIKsl wdOdr i|yd jk úfYaI wruqo," cmka úfYaI wruqo, yd ia:dmkh flß we;s mßÈ fjk;a wruqo,a iïnkaOfhka o bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk ú.Kkh lrk ,o uQ,H m%ldYk úOdhl uKav,fha jd¾Isl /iaùug l,ska m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

116' wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o l,ays my; oelafjk oE m%isoaêfha ,nd

.ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h(

^i& iEu wruqo,la u iïnkaO uQ,Huh o;a; we;=<;a j wd' ix' nexl=fõ idudkH m%d.aOk iïm;a yd úfYaI wruqo,a ms<sn| md,l uKav,fha idlÉPdjka yd úYaf,aIKhka;

^ii& ixlafIams; ff;%udisl uQ,H m%ldY; ^iii& ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj, Kh iemhqï fiajd iïnkaO

jd¾Isl jd¾;dj; yd

27

^iv& iEu uqo,a ^*sial,a& j¾Ihla i|yd u wd' ix' nexl=fõ whjeh f,aLkh' 117' wd' ix' nexl=j uyck fldgia ksl=;=j iïnkaO ljr fyda f,aLk fõ kï tajd

m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' uQ,H fj<|fmd< md,kh flfrk kS;s yd fr.=,dis iïnkaOfhka i,lk l,ays tajd rcfha ksfhdað; wdh;kj,ska msrùu wjYH fjhs'

^b& /lshd f;dr;=re

118' wd' ix' nexl=j ^i& wd' ix' nexl=fõ jegqma jHQyh" md,l uKav,fha yd ld¾h

uKav,fha jegqma uÜgï yd m%;s,dN ks¾Kh lsÍug Ndú; lrkq ,nk l%ufõoh yd ^ii& ld¾h uKav, fiajhg n|jd .ekSu" ;k;=rej, msysgqùu" fjk;a ia:dkhl fiajfhys fhoùu yd kej; fiajfhys r|jd .ekSu hk lreKqj, § wd' ix' nexl=jg mj;sk mq¿,a wruqKq yd uQf,damdh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=j ld¾h uKav,j,g n|jd .kq ,nkakkaf.a ;k;=re ms<sn| úia;r o ;k;=rla msrùug wvq ;rñka foi;shlg u;af;ka m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nexl=fõ mßmd,k úksYaph uKav,fha iEu ;SrKhla u tn÷ ;SrKhla ksl=;a l< l,ays th m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^B& wd' ix' nexl=fõ j. W;a;r iemhSfï hka;%Khxxvi hgf;a iïmdokh

flreKq f;dr;=re ^i& WmfoaYk wÈhr

119' úfYaI jHdmD;s myiqlï i,ikakd ^ú' jHd' m' i& ^The Special Project Facilitator&

my; oelafjk f;dr;=re yd f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^i& meñKs,ss ,smsh - meñKs,a, ms<sn| j ú' jHd' m' i,ikakdf.a ksYaph u; yd meñKs,slref.a .súiqug hg;a j;

^ii& meñKs,af,a fhda.H;dj ms<sn| j ú' jHd' m' i,ikakdf.a ksYaph -

fhda.H;dj ms<sn| j ú' jHd' m' i,ikakdf.a ksYaph u;; ^iii& meñKs,a, ms<sn| idudkH úia;rhla - meñKs,slre meñKs,s ,smsh

wkdjrKh lsÍug leue;a; m%ldY lr fkd ;sfí kï" meñKs,af,a fhda.H;dj ms<sn| j ú' jHd' m' i,ikakdf.a ksYaph u;;

^iv& j. W;a;r iemhSfï hka;%Kfha WmfoaYk wÈhfrys 4 jeks mshjr hgf;a

ú' jHd' m' i,ikakd úiska iQodkï lrk ,o iudf,dapkh yd we.hSï jd¾;dj ^2003& - WmfoaYk wÈhf¾ 7 jeks wÈhr wdrïNfha § yd meñKs,slref.a o rcfha yd$fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhdf.a o leue;a;g hg;a j;

^v& meñKs,a, ;=< u;= flreKq .eg¨ úi|Sug WmfoaYk l%shdodufhys iyNd.s

jQ ú' jHd' m' i,ikakd iy md¾Yajhka úiska tlÕ jkq ,enQ l%shdud¾.h ms<sn| idudkH úia;rhla - WmfoaYk wÈhfrys 7 jeks mshjr wdrïNfha §

28

yd meñKs,slref.a o rcfha yd$fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhdf.a o leue;a;g hg;a j;

^vi& by; ^iv& wxlh hgf;a i|yka flreKq l%shdud¾.h l%shd;aul lsÍu

iïnkaO ;;aj jd¾;d - WmfoaYk l%shdodufhys iyNd.s jQ md¾Yajhka úiska tlÕ jk ,o tn÷ ljr fyda jd¾;djla wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd mj;sk ljr fyda ld, igyklg wkql+, j;

^vii& ú' jHd' m' i,ikakdf.a wjidk jd¾;dj - md¾Yajlrejka w;r fnod

yeÍfuka le,ekavr Èk 7la we;=<; yd meñKs,slref.a o rcfha yd$fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhdf.a o leue;a;g hg;a j;

^viii& wëlaIK jd¾;d - wOHlaI uKav,h fj; fnod yßk ,o l,ays yd

meñKs,slref.a o rcfha yd$fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhdf.a o leue;a;g hg;a j;

^ix& ú' jHd' m' i,ikakdf.a jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - wOHlaI uKav,h fj; fnod

yßk ,o l,ays'

^ii& wkql+,;d iudf,dapkh lsÍfï wÈhr 120' wkql+,;d iudf,dapkh lsÍfï uKav,h ^w' i' u'& wjYH uQ,sl f;dr;=re iuÕ

wkql+,;d iudf,dapkhla i|yd flfrk b,a,Sula Ndr .ekSfuka le,ekavr Èk 7la we;=<; mqj;am;a WmfoaYkhla ksl=;a l< hq;af;a h'xxvii b,a,Su fhda.H hehs w' i' u' ;SrKh lrkafka kï" w' i' u' fhda.H;dj ms<sn| ish jd¾;dj yd wkql+,;d iudf,dapkhg wkqu;sh §u iïnkaO wOHlaI uKav,fha ;SrKh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a w' i' u' wOHlaI uKav,fha ;SrKh ,nd .ekSfuka le,ekavr Èk 7la we;=<; h' b,a,Su fhda.H fkd fõ hehs w' i' u' úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nkafka kï w' i' u' wfhda.H;dj ms<sn| tys jd¾;dj wOHlaI uKav,hg fnod ÿka l,ays m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' w' i' u' iudf,dapkfha ie|ySï ms<sn| wkqfoaY ^terms of reference& m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a w' i' u' iudf,dapkh ms<sn| j wOHlaI uKav,fha wkqu;sh ,nd .ekSfuka le,ekavr Èk 14la we;=<; h' w' i' u' wOHlaI uKav,fha ;SrKh yd w' i' uKav,fha wjidk jd¾;dj jd¾;dfõ flgqïm;g md,l uKav,fhka yd b,a ïlref.ka ,efnk ljr fyda m%;spdr we;a kï tajd o wuqKd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a wOHlaI uKav,fha ;SrKfhka le,ekavr Èk 7la we;=<; h' w' i' u' wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ljr fyda m%;sl¾uodhS mshjr l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaO wëlaIK jd¾;d m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a ta jd¾;d wOHlaI uKav,hg yd md¾Yajlrejkag fnod ÿka l,ays h' w' i' uKav,fha jd¾Isl jd¾;dj iEu le,ekavr j¾Ihla wjidkfha u udi 4la we;=<; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^W& wdishdkq ixj¾Ok wruqof,a .súiqïj,g iïnkaê; f;dr;=re

121' idudkHfhka wd' ix' nexl=j wd' ix' wruqof,a m%;smQrK i|yd jk .súiqïj,g yd

jdr ueo iudf,dapkj,g iïnkaê; f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nex' wdOdr fok rgj,aj, /iaùï i|yd bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk

29

uQ,H fkd jk idlÉPd m;%sld m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a tn÷ idlÉPd m;%sld wdOdr fok rgj,a fj; fnod ÿka l,ays h' wd' ix' nex' iEu /iaùula u wjidkfha iNdm;sjrhdf.a ixlafIam igyka m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' wdOdr fok rgj, jd¾;dj úOdhl uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk ,o l,ays m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^W!& wOHlaI uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a flfrk fjk;a f,aLk

122' wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh ;=< olajd ke;s f;dr;=re iemhSu i|yd fyda wkqu;sh

i|yd wOHlaI uKav,hg fnod fokq ,nk f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a md,l uKav,h wOHlaI uKav,hg fjk;a f,ilg l%shd lrk f,i oekqï fkd fokafka kï yd wOHlaI uKav,h tlÕ fkd jkafka kï h'

4' mQ¾jdkqñ; ^Presumed& wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g jHd;sf¾l

123' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍug mlaI wd' ix' nexl=fõ mQ¾jdkqñ;shg jHd;sf¾l 126"

127 yd 130 hk fþo ;=< úia;r fldg olajhs' f;dr;=re jHd;sf¾lhla hg;g jeàu fya;= fldg f.k f,aLkhlska f;dr;=re bj;a lrkq ,nkafka kï tfia ke; fyd;a" m%;sm;a;sh ;=< Wmqgd olajd we;s f,aLkhla m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq fkd ,nkafka kï wd' ix' nex' bj;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re yd$fyda f,aLkh m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' tfia l< hq;af;a bj;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re fyda f,aLkh Wmqgd oelaùu u jHd;sf¾lhla W,a,x>kh lsÍula fkd jkafka kï h'

124' b,a¨ï lrkq ,nk f,aLkhl fldgila wkdjrKh fkd lrkq ,eîug hg;a j yd

jHd;sf¾l ,ehsia;=jg wkql+, fõ kï muKla wkdjrKh fkd lrkq ,eîug hg;a fkd jk f,aLkh ;=< wvx.= ljr fyda f;dr;=rla th wjfYaI f;dr;=rej,ska iEfyk ;rï fjka úh yels j ;sfnk ;dla ÿrg b,a¨ï lrkakdg ikaksfõokh l< hq;af;a h'

125' wd' ix' nex' lsis hï mqoa.,hl=g l,ska wjia:djl lrk ,o b,a,Sulska miq j tn÷

f;dr;=rla imhd ;sfí kï tfia ke; fyd;a" f;dr;=re iemhsh fkd yels ùug fya;= olajd ;sfí kï tlS mqoa.,hdf.ka" ixúOdkfhka fyda lKavdhfuka tl u úIh iïnkaOfhka kej; kej;;a flfrk fyda whqla;s iy.; b,a,Sïj,g th wjk; ùu fyda m%;spdr oelaùu fkd l< hq;af;a h'

^w& m%p,s; f;dr;=re

126' m%;sm;a;sfhys oelafjk fjk;a ljr fyda m%;smdokhka fkd i,ld my; oelafjk

f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= fkd jkafka h'

1' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" Rcq j woyia yd mKsjqv yqjudre lsÍu ndOd lsÍu uÕska wd' ix' nexl=fõ úpdrK yd ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdodufha taldnoaO;dj wk;=rg m;a lrk fyda m;a lsÍug bv ;sfnk wNHka;r f;dr;=re - óg wOHlaIjrekag" Tjqkaf.a ffjl,amslhkag" wOHlaIjrhdf.a WmfoaYlhkag md,l uKav,fha idudðlhkag" wd' ix' nexl=fõ ld¾h uKav,hg yd tys WmfoaYlhkag hjkq ,nk yd Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk wNHka;r f,aLk" ikafoaY yd fjk;a ta iudk u ikaksfõok we;=<;a fõ'

30

2' úfYaIfhka" ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd idudðl rgj,a iuÕ m%;sm;a;s ixjdo iïnkaOfhka jk wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" Rcq j woyia yd mKsjqv yqjudre lsÍu ndOd lsÍu uÕska wd' ix' nex' yd th iyfhda.fhka l%shd lrk tys idudðlhka yd fjk;a iajdëk tall w;r isÿ jk úpdrK yd ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdodufha taldnoaO;dj wk;=rg m;a lrk fyda m;a lsÍug bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re - óg wd' ix' nex' yd tys idudðlhka yd wd' ix' nex' iyfhda.S j l%shd lrk fjk;a iajdëk tall w;r isÿ jk úpdrK yd ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdoduh i|yd yqjudre l<" iQodkï l< fyda tfia;a ke;akï ta l%shdodufhka jHq;amkak lr .;a ^derived& f;dr;=re'

3' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" tlS md¾Yajh iuÕ wd' ix' nexl=jg mj;sk in|;d

øjHuh jYfhka mQ¾j ksYaph lrk fyda lrkag bv ;sfnk rchlska fyda wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdkhlska úYajdih ;nd ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re'

4' wOHlaIjrekaf.a o Tjqkaf.a ffjl,amslhkaf.a o wOHlaIjrekaf.a

WmfoaYljrekaf.a o md,l uKav,fha idudðlhkaf.a o wd' ix' nexl= ld¾h uKav,fha yd WmfoaYlhkaf.a /lshd fldkafoais" l%shdldß;aj we.hSï yd mqoa.,sl ffjoH f;dr;=re we;=¿ mqoa., jd¾;d fuka u ld¾h uKav, kS;s yd wOHlaI uKav, kS;s yd fr.=,dis uÕska wjir fokq ,nk ;dla ÿrg wNHka;r wNshdpkd hka;%Khkaf.a ld¾h mámdáh'

5' wd' ix' nexl=fõ wkd.; Kh .ekSï ms<sn| ;lafiare jd¾;d" uQ,H wkdjels"

wd' ix' nexl=fõ NdKavd.dr fufyhqï iïnkaO mqoa., wdfhdackj,g wod< o;a; yd Kh ;lafiare jd¾;d'

6' rdIaà%h Kh iemhqïj, fhda.H;dj yd Kh jd¾.SlrK ms<sn| úYaf,aIKh' 7' 113 jeks fþofha i|yka l< mßÈ /iaùï jd¾;d yd 65 jeks yd 67 jeks fþoj,

i|yka l< mßÈ ixlafIamK yer wOHlaI uKav,fha ld¾h mámdàka'xxviii 8' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" tn÷ md¾Yajhl jdKsc whs;sjdiSkag" uQ,H whs;sjdiSkag

yd$fyda ;rÕldÍ ;;ajhg øjHuh jYfhka ydks muqKqjk$muqKqjkag bv ;sfnk lsis hï md¾Yajhla úiska wd' ix' nexl=jg imhkq ,nk f;dr;=re'

9' ryiH jHdmdßl f;dr;=re' 10' l<ukd iïmdok l%shdoduhkag iïnkaê; f;dr;=re - wkd.; b,a¨ï-lrejka

úiska bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk mQ¾j iqÿiqlï ms<sn| f;dr;=re o fgkav¾ o fhdackd fyda ñ, .Kka le|jqï o óg we;=<;a fõ'

11' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" ljr fyda mqoa.,hl=f.a ðú;h" fi!LHh fyda tfia;a

ke;s kï wdrlaIdj wk;=f¾ fy<k$fy<kag bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re' 12' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" wêlrKuh mßmd,k lghq;=j,g øjHuh jYfhka ydks

muqKqjk$meñK ùug bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re' 13' kS;s{ - fiajdodhl jrm%idoj,g hg;a tfia ke; fyd;a wkdjrKh lsÍu

úu¾Ykhlg ydks muqKqjkag bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re' 14' ¥IK fpdaokdjla ms<sn| uQ,dY%h'

31

15' ¥IK úfrdaë m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wfhda.H ^Black-listed } wmf,aLk.;& jQjka

f,i m%ldYs; fyda úu¾Ykhkag Ndckh ù isák mqoa.,hkaf.a kï' 16' ú.Kldêm;sjrhdf.a ld¾hd,h ^jHdmD;s m%;siïmdokh yd iïnkaO ú.Kk

jH;sf¾lh yer wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr ú.Kk ks,Odßhd úiska iQodkï lrkq ,nk ú.Kk jd¾;d'

17' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" idudðlhl=f.a wdrlaIdjg fyda cd;sl wdrlaIdjg

øjHuh jYfhka ydks muqKqjk$muqKqjkag bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re' 18' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" idudðl rgl wdKavqjlg tys wd¾Ólh l<ukdlrKh

lsÍug we;s yelshdjg øjHuh jYfhka ydks muqKqjk$muqKqjkag bv ;sfnk uQ,Huh f;dr;=re'

19' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" m%;srEmK whs;sh ^Copyright& ms<sn| kS;sh we;=¿ wod<

kS;sh W,a,x>kh lrk$lsÍfï úNjhla mj;sk f;dr;=re'

^wd& ft;sydisl f;dr;=re 127' wd' ix' nex' my; oelafjk jHd;sf¾lhkag hg;a j ksl=;a lsÍfuka jir 20lg miq

lrkq ,nk b,a,Sula u; ft;sydisl f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

1' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a úu¾Ykhlg ydks meñK ùug bv we;s kS;s{ -

fiajdodhl jrm%idohg hg;a f;dr;=re' 2' ryiH Ndjh mj;ajd .kq ,nkafka h hk meyeÈ,s wjfndaOfhka hq;= j úYajdiS

j wd' ix' nexl=jg imhkq ,nk f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" f;dr;=re iemhQ md¾Yajh iuÕ wd' ix' nexl=j mj;ajk in|;djkag øjHuh jYfhka ydks muqKqjk$muqKqjkag bv ;sfnk tfia ke; fyd;a" kS;sh W,a,x>kh lrk fyda ffk;sl .súiqula lv lrk f;dr;=re'

3' ¥IK fpdaokdjl uQ,dY%h' 4' wfhda.H ^wmf,aLk.;& jQjka yeáhg m%ldYs; mqoa.,hkaf.a fyda ¥IK úfrdaë

m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a úu¾Ykhg Ndckh ù isák mqoa.,hkaf.a kï' 5' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" idudðl rgl wdrlaIdjg fyda cd;sl wdrlaIdjg

øjHuh jYfhka ydks muqKqjk$muqKqjkag bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re' 6' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a m%;srEmK whs;sh ms<sn| kS;sh we;=¿ wod< kS;sh

W,a,x>kh lsÍfï úNjh wka;¾.; lr .;a f;dr;=re' 7' ld¾h uKav, kS;s yd úOdhl uKav, ;SrK uÕska wjir fokq ,nk ;dla ÿrg

wNHka;r wNshdpkd hka;%Kj, ld¾h mámdàka fuka u wOHlaIjrekaf.a o Tjqkaf.a ffjl,amslhkaf.a yd wOHlaIjrekaf.a WmfoaYlhkaf.a o md,l uKav, idudðlhkaf.a yd wd' ix' nex' ld¾h uKav,j, yd WmfoaYlhkaf.a o

32

/lshd fldkafoais" l%shdldß;aj we.hSï yd mqoa.,sl ffjoH f;dr;=re we;=<;a jd¾;d'

8' fj<| ryia' 9' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" idudðl rgl wdKavqjlg tys wd¾Ólh l<ukdlrKh

lsÍug we;s yelshdjg øjHuh jYfhka ydks muqKqjk$meñK ùug bv ;sfnk uQ,Huh f;dr;=re'

10' wkdjrKh l< fyd;a" wêlrK mßmd,k lghq;=j,g øjHuh jYfhka ydks

muqKqjk$meñK ùug bv ;sfnk f;dr;=re' 128' ksl=;a lrkq ,nk wjia:dfõ m%isoaêfha ,nd .; fkd yels jQ tfy;a m%;sm;a;sh

hgf;a wjia:dj Wod lrkq ,nkafka kï m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sfha yd tys jHd;sf¾lhkaf.a j.ka;s yd fldkafoaisj,g hg;a j wd' ix' nexl=fõ wNsu;h we;s j b,a¨ï l< úfgl ,nd .ekSug lghq;= ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

129' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfuka isÿ jk fmdÿ hym; tjeks wkdjrKh lsÍulska

we;s l< yels ydkshg jvd jeo.;alñka jeä fõ hehs wd' ix' nex' ;SrKh lrkafka kï fyda tfia;a ke; fyd;a idudðl rgla tys u kS;shg wkqj tfia lrk f,i b,a,d isákafka kï wd' ix' nexl=jg 126^1& yd ^2& iy 127 hk fþo ;=< ,ehsia;=.; lr ;sfnk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh l< yels h' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfuka jk hym; tn÷ wkdjrKh lsÍulska isÿ úh yels ydkshg jvd ie,lshhq;= jeo.;alula orkafka hehs wd' ix' nex' ;SrKh lrkafka kï fyda idudðl rgla tys kS;shg wkql+, fjñka tfia lrk f,i b,a,d isákafka kï wd' ix' nexl=jg fjk;a ´kE u f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh l< yels h'xxix

130' flfia fj;;a" wd' ix' nex' lsis hï md¾Yajhlg tn÷ f;dr;=re ryis.; j ;nd

.kakd njg;a tn÷ md¾Yajhla wkqu;sh fkd fokafka kï tn÷ f;dr;=rla wkdjrKh fkd lrk njg;a ksYaÑ; ffk;sl m%;s{djla § we;akï" fyda ^ii& tn÷ wkdkjrKh lsÍula ljr fyda wod< kS;shla uÕska ;ykï lrkq ,nkafka kï 129 jeks fþoh fkd i,ld wd' ix' nex' 126^1& fþofhys ,ehsia;=.; lr ;sfnk f;dr;=re wkdjrKh fkd l< hq;af;a h'

vi. l%shd;aul lsÍfï úêúOdk

^w& N+ñldjka yd j.lSï 131' m%;sm;a;sfhys wruqK jkafka wd' ix' nex' flfrys md¾Yajlrejka ;=< mj;akd

úYajdih j¾Okh lsÍu yd wd' ix' nex' iuÕ ld¾h kshqla; ùfï yelshdj Yla;su;a lsÍu;a h' tys ish¨ u fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka j. W;a;r iemhSug ne|S isákq we;' wd' ix' nexl= md,l uKav,fha yd ld¾h uKav,fha N+ñldjka yd j.lSï my; oelafjk whqre ixlafIam fldg oelaúh yels h'

1' md,l uKav,h

33

132' md,l uKav,h ndysr fm%alaIl msßia yd udOH iuÕ tys ld¾h ksr;;ajhka ;Sj% lsÍu uÕska yd ndysr in|;d l%shdldrlïj, il%sh j iyNd.S ùug ish¨ ld¾h uKav, Wkkaÿ lr ùu uÕska ndysr in|;d Yla;su;a lsÍfuys ,d tys lem ùu m%o¾Ykh lrhs' md,l uKav,h ks;sm;d mj;ajkq ,nk md,l uKav, lñgq /iaùï ;=<ska wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d m%fõYhka - m%uqL;ajh fokq ,nk lafIa;%" m%Odk mKsjqv" iudc lem ùu yd n,mEu ks¾jdpkh yd msßmyÿ lrkq we;s w;r by< u n,mEu iy;sl flfrk whqßka tajd l%shd;aul lsÍug kdhl;ajh o wëlaIKh o imhkq we;' ish¨ u uÜgïj, ld¾h uKav, md,l uKav,fha u;hka yd wdia:dkhka .ek oekqj;a j isák nj iy;sl lr,Sug md,l uKav,h újD; yd ld¾h idOl wNHka;r ikaksfõokhka m%j¾Okh lrkq we;'

2' ish¨ fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd,

133' wd' ix' nexl=fõ ish¨ u fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, m%;sm;a;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka j.lSu Ndr .kq we;' tmßÈ u wd' ix' nexl=fõ m%Odk ikaksfõolfhda o ish¨ fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd,j, m%OdkSyq o ndysr fm%alaIl msßia iuÕ m%.dó j ikaksfõokfhys fhfokq we;s w;r wd' ix' nexl=fõ ndysr in|;d iúu;a lsÍfï m%h;akhkag kdhl;ajh §ug o wd' ix' nexl=fõ wNsm%dhka yd wruqKq ms<sn| wjfndaOh mq¿,a lsÍug o wdh;kh flfrys md¾Yajlrejka ;=< úYajdih f.dv keÕSug o l%shd lrkafkda h' fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j, ld¾h uKav, jHdmD;s yd úfYaIs; j iïnkaO ù isák md¾Yajlrejka iuÕ ikaksfõokh mj;ajd .ekSfuys yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;djka imqrkq ,nk nj iy;sl lsÍfuys ,d m%Odk N+ñldjla bgq lrkq we;' ;uka wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajfhys fhfok rdcH" mqoa.,sl yd ,dN fkd ,nk lafIa;%j, ckhd m%;sm;a;sh yd m%;sm;a;shg wkql+, j wd' ix' nexl=fjka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug fmdÿ uyck;djg mj;akd whs;sh .ek oekqj;a j isák nj iy;sl lsÍug Tjqyq W;aidy orkq we;'

3' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,h

134' ;dkdm;s uKav, yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd, we;=¿ wd' ix' nexl=fõ md,l uKav,h yd

ish¨ u fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka j.lsj hq;= jk w;r ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,h th l%shd;aul lsÍu yd wLKav Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu iïnkaO iuia; j.lSu Wiq,iq we;' ndysr in|;d iïnkaOfhka ukd iïnkaëlrK m%fõYhla iy;sl lrkq jia ksfhdað; ld¾hd,j, lghq;= ndysr in|;d ms<sn| ld¾hd,h iuÕ taldnoaO lrkq ,efí' wd' ix' nex' we;=<; ndysr in|;d ms<sn| md¾Yaúl o¾Ykh by< kexùu i|yd;a mq¿,a lrk ,o j.lSï ld¾h idOl wkaoñka l<ukdlrKh lsÍug yels lr jkq i|yd;a ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h fomd¾;fïka;=jl uÜgug Wiia lrkq ,nk w;r th md,l uKav,fha ióm uÕ fmkaùu hgf;a lghq;= lrkq we;' ,nd .; yels iïm;aj, iSudjka ;=< tys n,mEu Wmßu uÜgulg kexùu i|yd fomd¾;fïka;=j m%;sm;a;sh ;=< idlÉPd lrk ,o kj uQf,damdh u; mokï j tys N+ñldj ks¾jdpkh lrkq we;s w;r tys ld¾hka oeä f,i m%uqL;d mokul msysgqjkq we;'

135' m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; ùfuka udi 3la we;=<; ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h uQf,damdfhys

ndysr in|;d ixrplh ^Component& l%shd;aul lsÍu yeisrùug yd ;lafiare lsÍug iúia;rd;aul l%shd ud¾.sl ie,eiaula yd wëlaIK rduqjla j¾Okh lrkq we;'

34

^w& wkdjrKh lsÍu 136' ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h ;=< ia:dmkh lr ;sfnk kj uyck f;dr;=re yd

wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh ^Info - Unit& ish¨ u wd' ix' nexl= fomd¾;fïka;=j,g Wmfoia yd m%;sm;a;s w¾:l:k imhkq we;s w;r m%;sm;a;sfhys wka;¾.; wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;djka wëlaIKh lrkq we;' uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh m%;sm;a;sfhys wka;¾.; wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d .ek fufyhqï ld¾h uKav, i|yd wksjd¾h mqyqKqjla ie,iqï fldg mj;ajd f.k hkq we;' ;j o" th wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh iuÕ wkql+, j l%shd lrk nj iy;sl lsÍug iqmÍlaIl moaO;s yd ld¾h uKav, Èß .ekaùï j¾Okh lrkq we;' th uQf,damdhka" jevigyka yd jHdmD;s i|yd ikaksfõok ie,iqï j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j,g iydh fokq we;' th uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqfõ jevlghq;=j,g Rcq j iydh fokq we;s w;r m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%.;sh iïnkaO m%.;s jd¾;d lñgqj fj; bÈßm;a lrhs ^151 jeks fþoh n,kak&' uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh wd' ix' nex' úiska iïmdokh lrkq ,nk fufyhqï f,aLkj, ,ehsia;=j ks;sm;d hdj;ald, lrkq we;s w;r m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels fufyhqï f,aLk .ek fmdÿ ck;dj oekqj;a j ;nkq we;' th m%;sm;a;sfhys wjYH;d iuÕ wkql+, j wjYH;d fidhd oek .ekSu i|yd moaO;shla o mj;ajd f.k hkq we;'

137' ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,fha f;dr;=re ikaksfõok cd,h Ndr lKavdhu úoHq;a

;eme,a ksfõok moaO;shla ks¾udKh fldg kv;a;= lrkq we;' fuh Ndú; lrkakkag ;uka reÑ lrkqfha ljr udÈ,sfha f;dr;=re o hkak fmkajd §ug yels lr jk w;r wod< f,aLkh ,nd .; yels ;;ajhlg m;a ùu;a iuÕ úoHq;a ;emE, uÕska ix{d ,nd .; yels lr jhs'

138' ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h wd' ix' nexl=fõ ld¾h uKav, w;r újD; Ndjh ms<sn|

ixialD;shla i|yd Wkkaÿ lr jkq we;s w;r f;dr;=re m%.dó j fnod yod .ekSu i|yd Èß .ekaùï j¾Okh lsÍug W;aidy orkq we;'

^wd& mßj¾;k

139' Wkkaÿj;a md¾Yajlrejkaf.a woyia úuiSu uÕska uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh

lsÍfï tallh m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka udi 6la we;=<; mßj¾;k rduqjla iQodkï lrkq we;' mßj¾;k rduqj wd' ix' nexl=fõ jev lrk NdIdj jk bx.S%is yer fjk;a NdIdj,ska ,nd .; yels f;dr;=rej, jmißh jHdma; lrk ud¾. ixlafIamfhka olajkq we;'

140' kj uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh wd' ix' nex' we;=<; mßj¾;k

lghq;= iïnkaëlrKh lsÍug;a wd' ix' nex' yryd m%Odk fmf<a mßj¾;k m%h;akhkaf.a uOH.; jd¾;djla ìys lsÍug yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ idudðl rgj,a ;=< Ndú; lrkq ,nk NdIdjkays m%ùk mßj¾;lhkaf.a o;a; iuqodhla mj;ajd f.k hdug;a lghq;= lrkq we;' kj uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh wd' ix' nexl=fõ fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd, w;r Tjqkag ,nd .; yels mßj¾;k fiajd .ek oekqj;a Ndjh m%j¾Okh lrkq we;'

^we& uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| w;afmd;

35

141' ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h uyck ikaksfõokhka ms<sn| ld¾h uKav, w;a fmd;la iïmdokh lrkq we;' fufyhqï f;dr;=re yd f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùu iïnkaOfhka wd' ix' nex' ld¾h uKav,j,g uÕ fmkaùu i|yd mshjfrka mshjr oelafjk ld¾h mámdáhla fuys we;=<;a lr ;sfí' ld¾h uKav, w;afmd; md,l uKav,hg yd ld¾h uKav,hg myiqfjka ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' wd' ix' nexl=fõ Kh ,nd .kakd wdKavqj,g yd mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhkag m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug uÕ fmkaùu i|yd fjk u w;afmd;la l%udkql+, j ilia lrkq ,efí' ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h udOH iuÕ f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ekSu i|yd l%shd mámdàka meyeÈ,s lr,Sug yd ;j ÿrg;a iqixúys; lsÍug tys udOH fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s hdj;ald, lrkq we;' ish¨ u w;afmd;a m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels jkq we; ^68 jeks fþoh n,kak&'

^wE& uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk cd,h

142' m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg keÕSfï m%:u jir ;=< ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h wd' ix'

nexl=fõ ixÑ; mqia;ld, jevigyk ms<sn| iudf,dapkhla mj;ajkq we;s w;r wd' ix' nexl=fõ uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk ;;ajfhka Wiia lsÍu i|yd uQf,damdhla j¾Okh lrkq we;' uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk i|yd uQf,damdh yd jevigyk m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkfha mgka jir 2la we;=<; iudma; lrkq ,nkafka h'

143' fjk;a wka;¾cd;sl ksfhdað; wdh;k iuÕ yjq,aldÍ fjñka f;dr;=re uOHia:dk

;=< wd' ix' nex' ks¾udKh lrk iyNd.sl;ajh uQf,damdhg we;=<;a fõ' th iïnkaëldrl yd w.%ia: rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk yd rdcH fkd jk m¾fhaIK wdh;k n÷ isú,a iudc ixúOdk wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o l%shdldrlï .ek f;dr;=re jHdma; lr yeÍug Wmfhda.S lr .; yels ud¾. o y÷kd .kq we;'

4' ksfhdað; ld¾hd, yd ¥; uKav,

144' wd' ix' nexl=fõ md¾Yaúl o¾Ykh f.dv keÕSfuys yd mj;ajd .ekSfuys ,d

ksfhdað; ld¾hd, yd ¥; uKav, ;SrKd;aul "bÈß fm<" N+ñldjla ksrEmKh lrhs; b,lal flreKq fm%alaIl msßiaj,g Tjqkaf.a ióm;ajh" Tjqkaf.a fufyhqï yd wd¾Ól úfYaI{;dj" yd Tjqka uQ,ia:dk lr f.k isák rg fyda l,dmh ;=< mj;akd wiudk ixialD;sl yd ikaksfõok h:d¾:hka ms<sn| Tjqka i;= wjfndaOh fuys ,d fok ,o ;;ajhka fõ'

145' ksfhdað; ld¾hd, m%OdkSka yd ¥; uKav, wd' ix' nexl=fõ m%Odk ikaksfõolhka

jk w;r ;ukaf.a rgj,a ;=< udOH" u; m< lrk kdhlhka yd ;Srlhka iuÕ wd' ix' nexl=fõ wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajhka jHdma; lsÍfï yd Yla;su;a lsÍfï ld¾hh Tjqka fj; mejfrkq we;' wd' ix' nex' fufyhqï úfYaI{ {dkfhka o ikaksfõok ksmqK;ajfhka yd fï j.lSï bgq lsÍug wjYH WÑ; wdl,amj,ska hq;= mqoa.,hka m;a l< hq;= h'

146' wd' ix' nex' ¥; uKav,j, ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav, ixLHdj l%u l%ufhka jeä

lrkq ,efí'xxx ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,h Tjqkaf.a uKav,fhys fyda ld¾hd,fhys m%OdkSkag jD;a;suh iyfhda.h yd Wmfoia imhkq we;' fudjqyq ¥; uKav, l<ukdlrK lKavdhfï fldgila jkq we;s w;r uKav,fha ish¨ l%shdldrlï ms<sn| j oekqj;a j isákq we;' ¥; uKav,hg iïnkaO ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,hg iaÓridr /lshd úia;r yd iqÿiqlï ;sfnkq we;s w;r jHQy.; yd m%.ukldÍ mqyqKqjla ,efnkq we;'

36

147' ¥; uKav, ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,j, m%Odk j.lSïj,g fcHaIaG wd' ix'

nex' ld¾h uKav, iuÕ wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajh myiq lr .ekSug mq¿,a mrdihl ck;djka yd mqoa., lKavdhï iuÕ in|;d ia:dmkh lsÍu yd ÈhqKq lr .ekSu we;=<;a jkq we;; foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r udOHhkag wd' ix' nexl= ksfhdað;hka yd f;dr;=re lrd ks;H jYfhka m%fõY ùug we;s ud¾. ms<sn| j j. n,d .ekSu; fï uQf,damdhg we;=<;a wkdjrKh lsÍfï wxY l%shdjg kexùug ¥; uKav,j,g iydh ùu; m%;sm;a;shg wod< wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d w¾: ksrEmKh lr oelaùug rg we;=<; u ck;djg Wmldr lsÍu; yd wd' ix' nexl=jg jeo.;a jk jdo úIhka ms<sn| j udOH m%isoaêhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd bx.S%is yd foaYSh NdIdj,ska m< jk m%dfoaYSh" cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r m%jD;a;s wëlaIKh lsÍu by; lS j.lSïj,g wh;a fõ'

148' iaÓridr Ndjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug yd f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSfï m%;s,dN

Wmßu;ajhg m;a lr .ekSug ksfhdað; ld¾hd,j,ska o ish¨ ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,j,ska o ¥; uKav, yd ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,fhka o iukaú; jk ndysr in|;d cd,hla ks¾udKh lrkq ,nk w;r fï msßia weisÈis ine¢ iïuka;%Kj, § ^yd jd¾Isl j fm!oa.,sl j o& ks;sm;d uqK .efikq we;' ¥; uKav, ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,hg wod< rfÜ wOHlaIjrhdg yd ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,hg jd¾;d heùu i|yd oaú;aj mKsjqv ud¾.hl ysñlu ,efnkq we;'

149' ¥; uKav, yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd, f,aLk mßj¾;k lghq;= iïnkaëlrKh o

wjYH mßÈ mßj¾;kj, ksrjoH Ndjh iudf,dapkh o lrkq we;'

5' Kh .ekqïlrefjda yd jHdmD;s wkq.%dylfhda 150' wd' ix' nex' iïnkaOfhka i,lk l," f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu iïnkaO

j.lSfuka jeä fldgi Kh b,a¨ï lrk wdKavqj fyda mqoa.,sl wxYfha wkq.%dylhka u; /|S mj;skq we;' Kh .ekqïlrejd jHdmD;sh .ek tys n,mEug md;% jk ckhd iuÕ ixjdohla mj;ajd f.k hdug jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jk m%foaY ;=< wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= flakaøSh lafIa;% imhd §u i|yd fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j, ld¾h uKav, iuÕ l%shd lrkq we; ^74 jeks fþoh&' jHdmD;sj, wjOdkh fhduq flfrk flakaøSh lafIa;%j,g jHdmD;sh yd rg iïnkaê; f;dr;=re lrd m%fõY ùu i|yd;a m%dfoaYsh j yd ixialD;sl jYfhka fhda.H ksl=;a lsÍfï hka;%Khka Ndú; lrñka Wkkaÿj;a md¾Yajhkag tn÷ f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu i|yd;a fjí wvú Wmfhda.S lr .; yels h'

6' uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj

151' m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d w¾: ksrEmKh lsÍug" wëlaIKh

lsÍug yd iudf,dapkh lsÍug wëlaIK uKav,hla yeáhg uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqjla ks¾udKh lsÍug wd' ix' nex' mshjr .kq we;' uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj l<ukdlrK wOHlaIjrhdf.ka ^iNdm;sjrhd jYfhka lghq;= lrhs& o ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,fha m%Odk wOHlaIjrhdf.ka o f,alïjrhdf.ka yd uyd uKav,fhka o iukaú; jkq we;' th Rcq j u iNdm;sjrhdg rfmda¾;= lrkq we;' by; i|yka lñgqj wd' ix' nexl=fõ fjk;a fomd¾;fïka;= fyda ld¾hd, uÕska m%;slafIam lrkq ,en ;sfnk f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk b,a,Sï iudf,dapkh lsÍug wjYH jk mßÈ /ia jkq we;'

37

152' uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj m%;sm;a;sfhys wka;¾.;

wkdjrK lsÍï ms<sn| uQ,sldx. l%shd;aul lsÍu ;lafiare lsÍu uÕska uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ^162 jeks fþoh& iïnkaO jd¾Isl jd¾;djg iïm%odkhka lrkq we;' uyckhdg f;dr;=re iemhSu m%;slafIam lsÍï ms<sn| ¨yq~q jd¾;djla fuka u m%;sm;a;sfhys" fufyhqï w;a fmdf;ys fyda wd' ix' nexl=fõ f;dr;=re ms<sn| m%isoaO wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g iydh olajk ixúOdkuh jHQyfhys isÿ lrkq ,nk fjkialï iïnkaO ljr fyda ks¾foaYhka fõ kï tajd o jd¾Isl jd¾;djg we;=<;a jkq we;'

^wd& f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd jk l%shd mámdàka 1' m%.dó wkdjrKh lsÍï

153' m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels tajd f,i m%;sm;a;sh ;=< y÷kd .kq ,en ;sfnk f;dr;=re

i|yd jk b,a,Sï jdÑl j fyda ,sÅ; j wd' ix' nexl=jg ikaksfõokh l< yels j ;sfí' flfia fj;;a" 157 jeks fþoh ;=< ixlafIamfhka olajd we;s ld, iSudjka l%shd;aul ùu wdrïN jkq we;af;a lsis hï iSudjka l%shd;aul ùu wdrïN jkq we;af;a lsis hï b,a,Sula ,sÅ; j wd' ix' nexl=j Ndr .;a ;eka mgka muKs' b,a,Sï kj uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallhg" ¥; uKav,hlg fyda ksfhdað; ld¾hd,hlg tfia;a ke;a kï fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=jlg fhduq l< yels j ;sfí' wd' ix' nexl=fõ ljr fyda ld¾h uKav, idudðlhl= fõjd Tyq m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels f,aLk yels ;rï läkï yd m%dfhda.sl whqßka imhd Èh hq;af;a h' f,aLkh wd' ix' nexl=fõ fjí wvúfhys oelafõ kï yd b,a¨ïlre wka;¾ cd,hg m%fõY ùug iQodkï j isákafka kï b,a¨ïlre wod< fjí wvú iïnkaOlhg fhduq lsÍu o óg we;=<;a úh yels h'xxxi

2' jHd;sf¾l mokï fldg .;a" f;dr;=re i|yd jk b,a,Sï

154' m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug fkd yels f;dr;=re yd f,aLk i|yd

flfrk b,a,Sï ,sÅ; j ^úoHq;a ;emEf,ka" idudkH ;emEf,ka" wka;¾ cd, m%;sfmdaIK f*daru fyda *elaia mKsjqv uÕska& ,nd .; hq;= j ;sfí' b,a,Sï kj uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh fj; fyda wod< ¥; uKav,hg ke; fyd;a" ksfhdað; ld¾hd,hg fhduq l< yels j ;sfí' by; i|yka flreKq ld¾hd, yd iïnkaO ùug wod< úia;r m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

155' b,a,Su ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgla ;=< wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o

l%shdldrlula iïnkaO jQjla jk wjia:djkays § wod< fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j f,aLkfha wvx.= j we;af;a jHd;sf¾l ms<sn| j.ka;shg ^123" 130 jeks fþo& wkql+, j m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= fkd jk f;dr;=re oehs ;SrKh l< hq;= w;r fhda.H mßÈ rcfhka o jHdmD;s wkq.%dylhdf.ka ke; fyd;a iu wdfhdaclhdf.ka o woyia úuish hq;af;a h' f,aLkhl hï ksYaÑ; f;dr;=rla m%;sm;a;sfha jHd;sf¾lhkag wkql+, j ryiH hehs i,lkq ,nk wjia:djkays wod< fomd¾;fïka;=j f,aLkh wkdjrKh lsÍug u;af;ka ryiH f;dr;=re bj;a l< hq;af;a h' tys § bj;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re iïnkaOfhka ^th bj;a lsÍug fya;=j o iys; j& ks¾foaYkhla o fhdokq we;' ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,fha uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallfha ld¾h uKav,h wjYH mßÈ m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| w¾: l:kh iïnkaOfhka wfkla fomd¾;fïka;=j,g ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh iemhsh hq;af;a h'

38

3' b,a,Sï bÈßm;a l< hq;= NdIdj

156' wd' ix' nexl=jg bÈßm;a flfrk b,a,Sï bx.S%is niska fyda wd' ix' nexl= idudðl

rgj, cd;sl NdIdj,ska bÈßm;a l< yels j ;sfí' bx.S%is NdIdfjka yer fjk;a NdIdj,ska bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re i|yd jk b,a,Sï wod< ¥; uKav,hg fyda uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lssÍfï tallhg fhduq l< yels j ;sfí'

4' m%p,s; f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaùu i|yd jk ld,

iSudjka 157' wd' ix' nex' b,a,Sula Ndr .;a nj ^153 yd 154 jeks fþo ;=< úia;r lr we;s

mßÈ& jev lrk Èk 5la we;=<; oekqï Èh hq;af;a h' blaì;s ;SrKhla .kq ,enQ jyd u wd' ix' nex' b,a¨ïlreg ta nj oekqï Èh hq;af;a h' flfia jqj;a" fuh b,a,Su ,eîfuka miq le,ekavr Èk 30la .; ùug u;af;ka isÿ l< hq;= j ;sfí' óg m%;spdr jYfhka" wd' ix' nex' b,a¨ï lrk ,o f;dr;=re iemhsh hq;af;a h; tfia ke; fyd;a" b,a,Su m%;slafIam lsÍug ;=vq ÿka fya;= myod Èh hq;af;a h' fuys § tn÷ m%;slafIam lsÍula hqla;s hqla; flfrk" m%;sm;a;sh ;=< wvx.= m%;smdok o fmkajd Èh hq;af;a h' wd' ix' nex' iudf,dapkh lrk ,o b,a,Sïj, ,ehsia;=jla yd Bg wkqrEmS jk ;SrK yd fya;= m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

5' meñKs,s

158' lsis hï b,a¨ïlrejl= ish b,a,Su widOdrK f,i m%;slafIam lrkq ,en we;ehs

úYajdi lrkafka kï tfia ke; fyd;a m%;sm;a;sh wksis f,i w¾: l:kh lrkq ,en we;ehs úYajdi lrkafka kï úu¾Ykhla i|yd b,a,Sula my; i|yka ,smskhg ,sÅ; j bÈßm;a l< yels j ;sfí( Public Disclosure Advisory Committee, Asian Development Bank, 6, ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550, Metro Manila, Philippines; ke; fyd;a" pdac@adb.org, hk ,smskhg úoHq;a ;emEf,ka o +632 636 2640 wxlhg *elaia uÕska o bÈßm;a l< yels h'

159' uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj ^u' w' W' l'& b,a,Sula Ndr .;a

nj jev lrk Èk 5la we;=<; oekqï Èh hq;af;a h' u' w' W' l' meñKs,s i,ld ne,Su i|yd yels blaukska /ia jkq we;' b,a¨ï lrk ,o f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu m%;slafIam lsÍï fuka u b,a¨ï lr we;s f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfuys ,d uyck Wkkaÿj .ek o i,ld n,ñka u' w' W' l' f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug bv i,id §u iïnkaOfhka m%;sm;a;sh ;=< oelafjk jHd;sf¾lhka i,ld n,kq we;' u' w' W' l' tys ;SrKh" ;SrKh .kq ,enQ jyd u fya;= i|yka lrñka ,sÅ; j b,a¨ïlreg oekqï Èh hq;af;a h; flfia jqj;a" fï oekqï §u l< hq;af;a b,a,Su ,eîfuka miq le,ekavr Èk 30la .; ùug u;af;ks' u' w' W' l' tn÷ ish¨ b,a,Sïj, ,ehsia;=jla o tla tla b,a,Sfï iajNdjh yd tla tla isoaêh iïnkaOfhka .kakd ,o ;Skaÿj ;djld,sl mokula u; m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' fuh l< hq;af;a b,a,Su lrkq ,eîfuka fyda ;SrKh .kq ,eîfuka i;s 2la blau hdug l,sks'

6' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re i|yd b,a,Sï

160' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re" m%;sm;a;sfha 127 -129 olajd fþoj,g wkql+, j lrkq ,nk

b,a,Sula u; ,nd .; yels h' tn÷ b,a,Sï my; oelafjk ,smskhg ,sÅ; j

39

bÈßm;a l< yels j ;sfí(Information Resources and Services Section, Asian Development Bank, 6, ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines; ke; fyd;a" adblibrary@adb.Org, hk ,smskhg úoHq;a ;emEf,ka o + 63 2 632 5020 wxlhg *elaia uÕska o bÈßm;a l< yels h' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk b,a,Sï b,a,d isákq ,nk ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re y÷kd .; hq;= h; ft;sydisl f;dr;=re lrd m%fõY ùug flfrk fmdÿ b,a,Sï Ndr .kq fkd ,efí' wd' ix' nex' tn÷ b,a,Sï Ndr .;af;a kï ta nj jev lrk Èk 5la we;=<; oekqï Èh hq;= w;r ft;sydisl f;dr;=re i|yd flfrk b,a,Sïj,g le,ekavr Èk 30la we;=<; m%;spdr oelaúh hq;af;a h' b,a,Su úYd, m%udKhl f;dr;=re i|yd jkafka kï fï ld, iSudj §¾> l< yels j ;sfí'

^we& l%shd;aul jk Èkh yd ixl%uKSh ld, mßÉfþoh

161' m%;sm;a;sh 2005 iema;eïn¾ 1 jeks od l%shd;aul Ndjhg m;a úh hq;af;a h' ;j u

wdrïN ù fkd ue;s fyda fï fudfydf;a iQodkï ùfï lghq;= wdrïN flfrñka ;sfnk l%shdldrlï iïnkaOfhka m%;sm;a;sfhys wvx.= ish¨ wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d wod< úh hq;af;a h' m%;sm;a;s" uQf,damdhka yd m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkh jk úg md,l uKav, iudf,dapk /iaùu iïmQ¾K lr ;sfnk uQf,damdhka yd jevigyka iïnkaOfhka m%;sm;a;sfhys wvx.= wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d wod< úh hq;af;a tajdfha iudf,dapk fyda hdj;ald, lsÍï i|yd muKs' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkh jk úg we.hSfï lghq;= ksu lr ;sfnk jHdmD;s fyda jevigyka m%;sm;a;sfhys wvx.= wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d jHdmD;sfha fyda jevigyfka wOHlaI uKav, wkqu;sh ,eîug u;af;ka iQodkï ùfï wÈhr i|yd wod< fkd úh hq;= kuq;a th jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï yd iïmQ¾K lsÍfï wÈhrhkag wod< úh hq;af;a h' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkfha isg jir 2la we;=<; wd' ix' nex' l%shd;aul lrkq ,nñka mj;sk wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o ish¨ u jHdmD;s i|yd jk jHdmD;s$jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkfha isg wdrïN jk m%:u jir we;=<; wd' ix' nex' l%shd;aul fjñka ;sfnk ish¨ u jHdmD;s yd jevigykaj,ska wvq ;rñka 50]l m%udKhla i|yd jk jHdmD;s$jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h'

^wE& wëlaIKh lsÍu yd jd¾;dlrKh

162' wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg keÕSu wëlaIKh lrk w;r tys n,mEu

;lafiare lrkq we;' wd' ix' nex' tys f;dr;=re l%shdldrlï wëlaIKh lsÍfï m%;sM, jd¾Isl jd¾;djla ;=<ska m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;af;a h' m%;sm;a;sh i|yd wd' ix' nexl=fõ l%shdldß;ajhka we.hSfï rduqj 2 jeks Wm.%ka:h ;=< ixlafIamfhka oelafõ'

163' wd' ix' nex' md¾Yajlrejkag újdohg ;=vq fok .eg¨ u;= lsÍug o f;dr;=re lrd

m%fõY ùug yd m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuys ,d wd' ix' nex' iuÕ ld¾h idOl whqßka kshqla; ùug o wjldY ,nd fohs' tfia lrk f,i b,a,d isákq ,enqj fyd;a" wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu .ek lkiai,a, m< lrk mqoa.,hkaf.a yd lKavdhïj, kï wkdjrKh fkd lrkq we;'

^b& iudf,dapk yd ixfYdaOk

40

164' l%shd;aul lsÍfï w;aoelSï o fjk;a wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;s yd uQf,damdhka ms<sn| iudf,dapkhkaf.a m%;sM, yd fjk;a ia:dkj, mßKdu fjñka mj;sk Ndú;hka ms<sìUq lsÍug wd' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh ;=< oelafjk m%;smdok iudf,dapkh lsÍu yd ixfYdaOkh lsÍu wjYH fjhs' l,ska l,g tn÷ fjkialï wka;¾.; lr .ekSu i|yd kuH;dj wjYH jkq we;' h:d mßÈ" wOHlaI uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka miq wd' ix' nexl=jg wjYH whqßka m%;sm;a;sh ixfYdaOkh fyda m%;sfYdaOkh l< yels h'

165' oekg mj;akd fjk;a wd' ix' nexl= m%;sm;a;s fyda uQf,damdhka i|yd m%;sm;a;sh

kj wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d ilia lr ;sfnk ;kays § tn÷ m%;sm;a;s fyda uQf,damdhka ms<sn| fufyhqï w;afmdf;a j.ka;s m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; ùfuka udi 5la we;=<; hdj;ald, l< hq;= j ;sfí'

166' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul jk Èkfha isg jir 5la blaujd fkd hk ld, mßÉfþohlg

miq j wd' ix' nex' mq¿,a iudf,dapkhla meje;aúh hq;af;a h' iudf,dapkh Wkkaÿj;a mqoa.,hka yd ixúOdk il%sh j kshqla; lr .kq we;'

vii. ld¾h uKav, fhoùu yd iïm;a ms<sn| .uHudkfhda ^implications&

167' m%;sm;a;sh id¾:l j l%shd;aul ùu wd' ix' nexl=fõ fndfyda ld¾h uKav, bÈßfha

w¨;a wNsfhda.hka ;nkq we;s w;r ta i|yd w;sf¾l msßjehla wjYH fjkq we;' jvd mq¿,a újD; Ndjhla lrd wd' ix' nexl=fõ mD:q, ú;eka ùu" jvd;a mQ¾K wkdjrKh lsÍï yd jvd;a m%.dó f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu wd' ix' nexl=fõ mq¿,a j.lSula jk w;r by;ska oelajqKq fþo ;=< y÷kd .;a ;SrKd;aul l%shdoduhka yd mshjrhka i|yd iuyr lafIa;% ;=< w;sf¾l iïm;a wjYH jkq we;' kj m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï w;sf¾l msßjeh iSud lr .ekSug ish¨ m%h;ak orkq ,en ;sfí; th l%shd;aul ùu;a iuÕ tajd ióm iudf,dapkhlg hg;a lr ;nkq we;s w;r whjeh f,aLk uÕska flfrk uqo,a fjka lsÍu h:d mßÈ ilia flfrkq we;'

168' my; jvd;a iúia;r j idlÉPd flfrk mßÈ" wd' ix' nex' wjYH iïm;a

wÈhfrka wÈhrg fjka lr fokq we;' iuia;hla jYfhka flá ld,Sk j jD;a;suh ld¾h uKav, ;k;=re 1la o cd;sl ks,Odß ;k;=re 10la o jD;a;Sh ld¾h uKav, j¾I 5'2lg yd iydhl ld¾h uKav, j¾I 1'5lg o iudk ;k;=re m%udKhla wjYH jkq we;'xxxii m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug tla j;djl msßjeh jYfhka wdikak jYfhka j¾Ihlg t' c' fvd,¾ 203"000la o mqkrdj¾;k msßjeh jYfhka t' c' fvd,¾ 208"000la o wjYH jkq we;'

^w& ndysr in|;d

169' m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍfuka miq oekg iSud iys; ndysr in|;d yelshdjka ;sfnk

m%Odk ¥; uKav,j,g kj cd;sl ks,Odß ;k;=re mjrkq ,efí( nx.a,dfoaYh" lilia:dkh"xxxiii ls¾.sIa ckrch" mlsia:dkh" Y%S ,xldj" ;dhs,ka;h" Wiafnlsia:dkh yd úhÜkduh ^146 jeks fþoh&xxxiv óg wh;a fõ' uOH ld,Sk j" wd' ix' nex' oekg mj;sk ¥; uKav,j,g ndysr in|;d b,a,Su yd wjia:d uÜgfuka m%uqL;ajh fokq we;s w;r h:d mßÈ w;sf¾l ;k;=re kshu lrkq we;' wd' ix' nex' iqÿiq ¥; uKav, i|yd l,dmSh j.lSï iys; jD;a;suh ld¾h uKav, ;k;=re ks¾udKh lsÍfï wjYH;dj o ;lafiare lrkq we;'

41

170' ndysr in|;d i|yd kj ixúOdkd;aul úêúOdk u; mokï j wd' ix' nex' ;j ÿrg;a m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a ndysr in|;d uQf,damdh l%shd;aul lsÍug udkj iïm;a wjYH;d ;lafiare lrkq we;s w;r ndysr in|;d ld¾hd, yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd, ;=< ld¾h uKav, ksmqK;d ixl,kh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd h<s fm< .eiaùu i|yd úIh m:h y÷kd .kq we;' ;j o" wkqu; lrk ,o wh-jeh wdjrKh we;=<; ,nd .; yels iïm;a m%udKh wjYH ia:dkhkays kej; ia:dk.; lrkq we;' ye¢k .ekSfï iólaIKh yd ndysr in|;d i|yd isÿ lrkq ,nk ¥; .uka" mqyqKq lsÍï yd ¥ria: udOH l%shdldrlï n÷ mqkrdj¾;k msßjeh i|yd tla j;djlg jeh jk uqo, o ;lafiare lrkq ,nk w;r fï l%shdldrlï i|yd fhda.H wruqo,a /ia lr .ekSfï ud¾. jd¾Isl whjeh l%shdoduh ;=<ska fidhd .kq ,efí'

171' ¥; uKav,j, yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk idudðl rgj,aj,g fiajh lrk

fjk;a lafIa;% ld¾hd,j, msysgqjd ;sfnk uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk Wiia uÜgulg f.k tafï NjH;dj ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h uÕska iudf,dapkh lrkq ,nk w;r fhda.H msßjeh weia;fïka;= fjka fjka jYfhka wOHlaI uKav,hg f.k tkq ,nkq we;'

^wd& f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu

172' m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| wkdjrKh lsÍï l%shd;aul lsÍu" wëlaIKh lsÍu yd we.hSu

.ek j. n,d .kakd ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,fha kj uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh ks¾udKh lsÍu w;sf¾l j tla jD;a;suh ld¾h uKav, ;k;=rla yd tla cd;sl ks,Odß ;k;=rla msysgq ùu wjYH flfrkq we;' Bg w;sf¾l j" kj uyck f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï tallh" fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;= yd wd' ix' nexl= fjí wvúhg fndfyda f,aLk we;=<;a lsÍfuys fh§ isák fjk;a ld¾hd, iuÕ iïnkaëlrKh we;s lsÍug fjí wvú lKavdhug w¨;ska tla cd;sl ks,Odßhl= m;a lrkq we;' m<uq jir ;=< ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,hg mqyqKq lsÍfï lghq;= i|yd wdikak jYfhka fvd,¾ 133"000l o Bg miq t<fUk iEu jirla i|yd u m%;sm;a;sh wëlaIKh lsÍug fvd,¾ 20"000l o jeh YS¾Ihla wjYH jkq we;'

173' m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a wjYH flfrk w;sf¾l f,aLk wkdjrKh lsÍug o n,mEug

md;% jQ ckhd iuÕ jvd l%udkql+, j ikaksfõokfhys fh§ug o md¾Yajlrejkaf.ka ,efnk m%;sfmdaIKj,g wduka;%Kh lsÍug yd rdIaà%h uQf,damdh yd jevigyka mßj¾;kh lsÍug yd hdj;ald, lsÍug wjYH úêúOdk ie,iSug o w;sf¾l fufyhqï ld¾h uKav, Y%u ld, m%udKhla wjYH jkq we;' l,dmSh fomd¾;fïka;=j,g jD;a;Sh ld¾h uKav, wjqreÿ 5'2la ^fvd,¾ 960"000& o iydhl ld¾h uKav, wjqreÿ 1'5la ^fvd,¾ 32"500& yd jirlg ix.; .uka ìuka úhoï i|yd fvd,¾ 60"000la o wjYH jkq we;' jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLk ks¾udKh lsÍug tla jrlg úhoï jYfhka fvd,¾ 70"000la o mßj¾;k lghq;= i|yd úhoï jYfhka jd¾Isl j fvd,¾ 128"000la o l,dmSh fomd¾;fïka;=j,g wjYH jkq we;' m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka udi 6la we;=<; ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h wd' ix' nex' l%udkql+, j mßj¾;kh lrk f,aLkj, mrdih mq¿,a lsÍu i|yd rduqjla j¾Okh lrkq we;' mßj¾;k lghq;= ms<sn| rduqjg jvd iúia;r mßj¾;k jeh YS¾Ihla we;=<;a jkq we;'

174' kj m%;sm;a;sfhys m%;sM,hla jYfhka mQ¾jdfmalaIKh l< yels ft;sydisl

f;dr;=re i|yd jk by< hk úuiSï ixLHdjg iúu;a lrk ,o yd jeä msßjeh

42

M,odhs;ajhlska hq;a mqia;ld," jd¾;d igyka yd f,aLk ixrlaIKd.dr l<ukdlrK moaO;s ;=<ska wkq.%y ,nd fokq we;'

175' wd' ix' nexl=fõ kj f;dr;=re moaO;s yd ;dlaIKsl uQf,damdh II^2004-2009&

hgf;a wd' ix' nexl=fõ mß.Kl moaO;sh ksis l,g" wod< f;dr;=re iemhSfï wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd h<s yev .eiaùug yd taldnoaO lsÍug mshjr .kq we;' fï uQf,damdh hgf;a oekg j¾Okh lrkq ,nñka yd ie,iqï lrkq ,nñka ;sfnk f;dr;=re fldaIaGd.drh yd iuqoaOrK moaO;s o ^retrieval systems& fufyhqï f;dr;=re lrd jvd f,fyisfhka yd blaukska m%fõY ùug yd f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug myiqlï i,ikq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' wd' ix' nex' fjí wvú ;=< jv jvd;a jHdmD;sj,g iïnkaO f;dr;=re we;=<;a lsÍu - iy th Ndú; lrkakdg jvd myiqfjka m%fõY ùug yels uÜgula lrd kexùug ixúOdkh lsÍu - uÕska f;dr;=re i|yd ,efnk b,a,Sïj,g m%;spdr oelaùug ld¾h uKav, oekg jeh lrk ld,h wvq jkq we;ehs n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkq ,efí'

176' Kh yd ;dlaIKsl iydh" ikaksfõok ie,iqï yd n,mEug md;% jQ ckhd iuÕ

ikaksfõokh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd hka;%Khka j¾Okh lsÍu ^74 - 76 olajd fþo n,kak& i|yd jk msßjeh jHdmD;s udÈ,sh yd N+f.da,Sh msysàu wkqj fjkia jkq we;' fulS fjkialï jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfï wjêfha § y÷kd f.k tla tla jevigykg ke; fyd;a jHdmD;shg wod< wh-jeh f,aLkh ;=<g ixhqla; lrkq ,nkq we;'

viii. wkql+,;d iudf,dapkh

177' m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d wd' ix' nexl=fõ j. W;a;r iemhSu

ms<sn| hka;%Khg wkql+, j wkql+,;d iudf,dapkhg Ndckh úh hq;af;a h'xxxv 25 - 38 olajd jk fþohka ;=< úia;r úNd. olajd we;s m%;sm;a;sh o 55 - 130 olajd jk fþohka ;=< úia;r úNd. olajd we;s ksYaÑ; wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d yd 153 - 166 olajd jk fþo ;=< úia;r úNd. olajd we;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï úêúOdk o wd' ix' nexl=fõ j. W;a;r iemhSu ms<sn| hka;%Kh hgf;a wkql+,;d iudf,dapkhg Ndckh úh hq;af;a h'

ix. ks¾foaY lsÍu

178' wOHlaI uKav,h uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; l< hq;= njg

iNdm;sjrhd ks¾foaY lrhs'

43

mdoSh igyka i wd' ix' nex' 1999" Fighting Poverty in Asia and the Pacific : The Poverty Reduction Strategy, ueks,d; wd'

ix' nex' 2004" Review of the Poverty Reduction Strategy of the Asian Development Bank, ueks,d; hk lD;sh o n,kak' ii "md¾Yajlrejka" hkq ixj¾Ok wdrïNl;ajhl m%ldYs; wruqKqj,g md;% úh yels" tlS wruqKq flfrys ie,lsh hq;= wkqyi me;sr úh yels fyda tlS wruqKq uq÷ka muqKqjd .ekSfuys ,d jeo.;a jk ckhd" lKavdhï fyda wdh;khka h' iii wd' ix' nex' 2000" The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian Development Bank (2001-2005);

ueks,d' iv wd' ix' nex' 2004" Knowledge Management in ADB, ueks,d' v f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s whs;sfhys jeo.;alu jir 50lg wêl ld,hla ;siafia cd;Hka;r jYfhka

ms<s.kq ,en ;sfí' "f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s ksoyi uQ,sl udkj ysñlula jk w;r th tlai;a

cd;Ska úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ish¨ ksoyfiys Wr., jkafka h" hs 1946 § tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uyd uKav,h ;SrKh lf<a h' rdcH wdh;kj,ska f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s whs;sh wdKavql%u jHjia:d ;=< ms<s.kq ,en ;sfnk w;r rgj,a ie,lsh hq;= ixLHdjl f;dr;=re kS;s ^information laws& ;=<g we;=<;a fõ' wd' ix' nexl=fõ idudðl rgj,a jeä u ixLHdjla úiska w;aika ;nk ,o isú,a yd foaYmd,k whs;Ska ms<sn| cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sfhys 19 jeks j.ka;sfhys fuh úia;r iys; j olajd ;sfí' ^jeä

úia;r i|yd http://www.unhchr.ch/pdf/report.pdf n,kak&' vi fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j, ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu iïnkaO

idlÉPdjla 1 jeks Wm .%ka:h ;=< we;=<;a fjhs' vii wd' ix' nex' 1994" Information Policy and Strategy, iy Policy on Confidentiality and Disclosure of

Information, ueks,d' viii jir 20lg wêl ld,hla ;siafia ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk yd ixl%uKSh wjêfha miq jk rgj,a 78la

w;r j¾Okfha fjkia YS>%;djka meyeÈ,s lsÍug nyq.=K úp,Hhka mÍlaId l< wOHhkhlska fidhd .kq ,enqfõ "wd¾Ól j¾Okh .ek wkdjels m< lsÍfuys ,d b;d u úYajdij;a wkaoñka jeo.;a jk ;ks ,laIKh jkafka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s wjia:dj nj h'" iS.,a fcdaYma" 2001; Democratization and Economic Growth : The contribution of Accountability Institution.

ix *jq,¾" we,ka 2001; Enhancing Participation in Country Strategy and Program Planning, ueks,d" wd' ix'

nex' x wd' ix' nexl=fõ úfYaI jHdmD;s myiqlï i,ikakdf.a ld¾hd,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,en l,ska mej;s

wëlaIK ld¾h hgf;a Ndr fok ,o meñKs,s wd' ix' nexl=fõ iydh ,o l%shdldrlï .ek f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï mj;akd W!k;dj meyeÈ,s j f.k yer olajd ;sfí'

xi udOH yd fjk;a u; m< lrk kdhlhka ;=<ska uy ckhd fj; <Õd jk f;dr;=re u; m< lrk

kdhlhkaf.a fm!oa.,sl yeÕSï yd woyiaj, n,mEug ,la jk neõ ms<s.efka' xii wd' ix' nex' ¥r.dó l%shdldrlï fidhd oek .ekSu yd ie,iqïlrKh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug úoHq;a ndysr

isÿ ùï ms<sn| f,aLkhla oekg j¾Okh lrñka ;sfí' xiii wd' ix' nex' 1966" The Agreement Establishing the Asian Development Bank, ueks,d ( 39'1 j.ka;sh' xiv wd' ix' nex' 2001" Business Processes for the Reorganized ADB, ueks,d ( 2 jeks Wm .%ka:h ( 2-4 olajd

iy 4 jeks Wm .%ka:h ( 2' xvmdßißl we.hSï jd¾;d ieliSu iïnkaOfhka wd' ix' nexl=fõ wjYH;d i|yd n,kak"wd' ix' nex'

2002" Environment Policy, ueks,d'

44

xvi ikaksfõok ie,iqï" wruqKq o NdIdjka we;=¿ f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrk rEmdldrhka o l%ufõoh o

f;dr;=re fnod yod .ekSu i|yd ld, kshuhka o md¾Yajlrejka yd wjOdkh flakaø.; l< hq;= .eg¨ o fmkakqï lrkq we;' tajdg m%;spdr yd wdodkhka taldnoaO lsÍu yd tlS wdodkhkaf.a m%fhdack ms<sn| jd¾;dlrKh i|yd jk l%shdoduhla o we;=<;a jkq we;' iuyr ikaksfõok ie,iqïj,g jHdmD;s f;dr;=re uOHia:dk ixj¾Okh lrk f,i b,a,d isáh yels h' wod< jkafka kï" jHdmD;s fhdackdj,g tn÷ uOHia:dk i|yd úia;rhla yd uQ,H iïmdok ie,eiaula we;=<;a jkq we;'

xvii jHdmD;s úIh m:h ;=< m%Odk fmf<a fjkialï jHdmD;s mßmd,k Wmfoiaj, 5'04 j.ka;sh hgf;a

mek kÕshs' xviii mßir m%;sm;a;sfha 63 jeks fþoh n,kak' xix fufyhqï w;afmdf;ys ^Operations Manual& t*a 2$îmS j.ka;sfha 3 jeks md§h igyk n,kak' fufyhqï

w;afmdf;ys t*a 2$îmS j.ka;sh hgf;a wiafõÉPdfjka h<s mÈxÑ lr ùug kshñ; n,mEug md;% jQ mqoa.,hka jHdmD;sh hgf;a n,mEug md;% jQ ish¨ u ckhdf.a Wm l=,lhla úh yels h'

xx ie,eiau fyda wdlD;sh jHdma; lr,Su úIh iSudj ;=< we;s lrkq ,nk fjkialï uÕska n,mEug md;%

jQ ckhdg iSud úh yels j ;sfí' xxi ie,eiau fyda wdlD;sh jHdma; lr,Su úIh iSudj ;=< we;s lrkq ,nk fjkialï uÕska n,mEug md;%

jQ ckhdg iSud úh yels j ;sfí' xxii wkdjrKh lsÍug mlaIjd§ m%;sm;a;sfhys mQ¾jdkqñ;Skag wkql+, j tn÷ f,aLkhla ljr wkaoñka fyda

bj;a lsÍula ke;s kï r|jd .ekSula 126 fyda 127 jeks fþo ;=< ,ehsia;=.; lr we;s jHd;sf¾lhka u; mokï úh hq;af;a h'

xxiii wd' ix' nex' 1998" Anticorruption, ueks,d' xxiv wd' ix' nex' 1998" A Graduation Policy for the Bank's DMCs, ueks,d' xxvwd' ix' nex' 2004" Policy On Performance - Based Allocation for Asian Development Fund Resources,

ueks,d' xxvi wd' ix' nex' 2003" Review of the Inspection Function : Establishment of a New ADB Accountability

Mechanism, ueks,d' xxvii wkql+,;d iudf,dapk uKav,h uÕska wkdjrKh lrk ,o f,aLk http://www.compliance.adb.org fjí

wvúh ;=< ia:dmkh lr ;sfí' xxviii wd' ix' nex' iEu ks, wOHlaI uKav, /iaùula i|yd u msgm;a bÈßm;a lrhs' fïjd w' ix' nexl=

f,aLk rlaId.drfha ixrlaIs; flf¾' xxix WodyrKhla jYfhka" uyck wdrlaIdj ms<sn| nrm;< ;;ajhla fyda mdßißl wjodkula t<sorõ

flfrk f;dr;=re b,a,d isàul § "uyck Wkkaÿj jeä jeo.;alula" oeßh yels jd;djrKhla Woa.; ùug bv ;sfí'

xxx oekg" wd' ix' nexl=fõ ¥; uKav, 20lska myl cd;sl ks,Odßhl= uÜgfï ndysr in|;d ks,OdÍyq

isá;s ^Ök uyck iuQydKavqj" bkaÈhdj" bkaÿkSishdj" fkamd,h yd ms,smSkh&' xxxi msßjeh m%;sidOkh ^recovery& i|yd jk ld¾h mámdáhla uyck f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| ld¾h

uKav, w;afmdf;ys iúia;rd;aul j olajkq ,nkafka h' xxxii tla jD;a;Sh ld¾h uKav,hla yd cd;sl uÜgfï ks,Odß ;k;=re 6la wd' ix' nexl=fõ 2005 úhoï

f,aLkfhys we;=<;a lrkq ,en we;'

45

xxxiii ndysr in|;d ld¾h uKav,h lIlia:dkh ;=< yd uOHu wdishdkq l,dmSh wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;dj ;=<

uyck ikaksfõokhka wdjrKh lrkq we;' xxxiv 30 jeks md§h igyk n,kak' xxxv wd' ix' nex' 2003" The Review of the Inspection Function : Establishment of a New ADB Accountability

Mechanism, uehs 8" R79-03.

46

1 jeks Wm .%ka:h

fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j, ikaksfõok yd f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%jK;d ^w& fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j, ndysr in|;d 1' uE; jirj, § fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl= ^n' md' ix' nex'& m%.dó

¥r.dó lghq;= j¾Okh lr ;sfí' fï i|yd tajdfha md,l uKav,j, yd iqúi,a ld¾h uKav,j, lemùu o udOH yd uyck in|;d i|yd mj;sk uQ,Huh iïm;a o msgq n, ,nd ÿks' fjdIsxgkh uQ,ia:dkh lr .;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl= ixj¾Ok wdh;k .ek f;dr;=re i|yd j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk b,a,Sug o mlaIjd§ rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk flfrka cd;Hka;r uQ,H wdh;kj, fufyhqï .ek t,a, jk by< kÕsñka ;sfnk úfõpk /,a,g yd wdOdr fok rgj,aj,ska m%odkh flfrk iykodhS wruqo,a ,nd .ekSu i|yd j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk ;rÕhg o Rcq j m%;spdr oelaùu ;=<ska w¾:NdÍ mshjr f.k ;sfí'

2' ndysr in|;d ms<sn| lghq;=j, ksr; 250lf.ka iukaú; jD;a;sl ld¾h

uKav,hla f,dal nexl=j i;= j mj;S' tys lafIa;% ks,OdÍyq úfYaIfhka wdishd yd meis*sla l,dm ;=< fï lafIa;%fhys il%sh l%shd l,dmhla bgq lr;s' we;eï úg wd' ix' nexl=fõ ióm ;u ixiolhd úh yels j ;sfnk wka;¾ wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j ^w' we' ix' nex'& o tys ndysr in|;d i|yd fjka lr we;s iïm;a jeä lr ;sfnk w;r ie,lsh hq;= WmfoaYk iïm;a uÕska wkqmQrKh flreKq 45 fofkl=kaf.ka muK iukaú; jD;a;sl ld¾h uKav,hla iys; w¨;a ld¾h uKav, n< weKshla th i;= j ;sfí' úfõpkd;aul jd¾;djlg m%;spdr jYfhka" cd' uQ' w' 2000 jif¾ 70la j isá ndysr in|;d lghq;=j, ksr; j isák jD;a;sl ld¾h uKav,fha ixLHdj 2004 wjidkh jk úg 90 olajd jeä lr ;sfí' f,dal nexl=j" cd' uQ' wruqo," yd w' we' ix' nex' hk fï ish¨ u wdh;kj,g hqfrdamh ;=< udOH yd uyck in|;d ;=< il%sh j ksr; j isák ld¾hd, ;sfí' fuys m%;sM,hla f,i" tajd óg oYl follg by; m%lg ù ;snqKdg jvd fyd¢ka wo m%lg j mj;S'

^wd& fjk;a nyq md¾Yaùh ixj¾Ok nexl=j, f;dr;=re wkdjrKh 3' f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍu ms<sn| lafIa;%fha § n' md' ix' nexl= ;=<

f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu i|yd uyckhdg ud¾. újD; ùu oeka ld,Sk jdo úIhla njg m;a j ;sfí' ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj,a ;=< n' md' ix' nexl=j, ixcdks; n,mEu óg fya;= ù ;sfí' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk ksl=;a l< 2002 udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;dj ^Human Development Report& cd;Hka;r uQ,H wdh;kj, "mdroDYH;dj iïnkaOfhka nrm;< ysveia" mj;sk neõ ;srir f,i m%ldY lf<a h' fuys ,d f,dal nexl=fõ yd cd' uQ' wruqof,a úOdhl uKav,j, jd¾;d fyda Pkao úuiSï ms<sn| jd¾;d fkd ue;s ùu úfYaI wjOdkhg ,la lr ;snqKs' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" "idudðl rgj, mqrjeishkag ^fyda Wkkaÿj;a úfoaYslhkag& úOdhl wOHlaIjreka fyda ;ukaf.a wdKavq cd' uQ' w' fyda f,dal nexl=j ;=< wkq.ukh lrk m%;sm;a;s iïnkaOfhka j. W;a;r iemhSug ne| ;nkag fkd yels ù we;" hs udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;dj ks.ukh lf<a h'1

47

4' m%:u úêu;a n' md' ix' nexl= f;dr;=re yd wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s - 1990 .Kka wdrïNfha j¾Okh lrk ,È - m%;sm;a;s" jevigyka yd jHdmD;s iïnkaO jeä jeäfhka f;dr;=re uyckhd fj; ksl=;a lsÍu Èß .ekaù h' flfia fj;;a" f;dr;=re ksl=;a lsÍu iïnkaOfhka ie,lsh hq;= iSud yd ;yxÑ mj;S' tu;= fkd j" jHdmD;s l%shd;aul jk m%foaY ;=< Ôj;a jk ck;djg jHdmD;s ie,iqu yd th l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka w¾:j;a iïm%odkhka lsÍug yels lr ùu i|yd fhdað; l%shdldrlï .ek f;dr;=re imhkq ,nk njg m%;sm;a;s uÕska ljr fyda iy;slhla fkd imhhs' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" n' md' ix' nexl=j, wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s iúu;a lsÍug flfrk m%isoaO werhqï tlS m%;sm;a;s f;dard .kq ,enQ jyd u wikag ,eìKs' uE; j¾Ij, fï werhqï jeä ù we;s w;r iuyr wdKavq úiska th m%;srdj kxjk ,È'

5' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" ish¨ u n' md' ix' nexl= ;ukaf.a f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;s iudf,dapkh o úia;drKh o lr ;sfí; ke; fyd;a" il%sh j tfia lrñka isáhs' fï kj m%;sm;a;s fndfyda fmdÿ .=Kdx. yd ,laIK fnod yod .kshs' fhdað; fuka u iïu; lr .ekqKq ish¨ u kj m%;sm;a;s fufyhqï iïnkaO yd fjk;a f;dr;=re iïmdokfhys ,d jvd;a m%.dó fjhs' tajd m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,nk f;dr;=rej, úIh iSudj yd udÈ,sh m%idrKh lrk w;r idudkHfhka" f;dr;=re m;=rejd yeÍfï jeo.;a jdylhka f,i ks, fjí wvú biau;= lr olajhs' iuyr f;dr;=re uyckhdg ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùfï § tajdg ta iudk u iSud lsÍïj,g uqyqK mEug isÿ fõ' kS;suh Wmfoia" fjk;a md¾Yajhla úiska imhkq ,nk f;dr;=re" ryis.; jHdmdßl f;dr;=re" yd n' md' ix' nexl=jla yd idudðl rgj, wdKavq w;r iïnkaO;djkag ksfYaOd;aul j n, mE yels f;dr;=re n÷ jrm%idÈ; f;dr;=re óg we;=<;a fõ'

6' tla ;ks n' md' ix' nexl=jl m%;sm;a;sj, f;dard .ekqKq m%Odk ,laIK my;

i|yka fõ'

1' w*s%ldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 7' 1997 foieïnrfha w*%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï

m%;sm;a;s m;%sldjla wkqu; lf<a h' 2003 § m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| iudf,dapkhla wdrïN l< w*%sldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j 2004 ud¾;= udifha § jvd mq¿,a mdroDYH;djla wka;¾.; lr .;a kj m%;sm;a;shla iïu; lr .;af;a h'

8' WodyrKhla jYfhka" 2004 m%;sm;a;sh" flgqïm;a lrk ,o fufyhqï

m%;sm;a;s f,aLk yd flgqïm;a lrk ,o rdIaà%h uQf,damdh ms<sn| f,aLk wOHlaI uKav,h ;=< idlÉPd lsÍug wvq ;rñka Èk 50lg l,ska wkdjrKh lrkq ,nkafka h' ta WmfoaYkh yd md¾Yajlrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd h' wOHlaI uKav,h úiska jHdmD;sh wkqu; lsÍfuka miq jHdmD;shl we;s lrkq ,nk ljr fyda ie,lsh hq;= fjkialï ms<sn| ixlafIams; f,aLk.; lsÍula iuÕ rdIaà%h l%shdldß;aj we.hSï wkdjrKh lrkq ,efí'

9' kj m%;sm;a;sh jd¾Isl /iaùïj, ¨yq~q jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍug m%;smdok

imhk w;r Wkkaÿj;a md¾Yajhka úiska b,a ï lrk ,o úfgl jHdmD;shla .ek ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re iemhSug rfÜ wOHlaIjrekag yd lafIa;% fomd¾;fïka;=j,g n,h ,nd fohs'

10' m%;sfYdaê; f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍfï § iudk

wdh;khkays by< u Ndú;hka ixhqla; lr .ekSug yels jk mßoafoka

48

m%;sm;a;sh hdj;ald, l< hq;= hehs wOHlaI uKav,h kshu lf<a h' úfYaIfhka u" wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, jd¾;d wkdjrKh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka ta iudk u wdh;k ;=< j¾Okhka wëlaIKh lsÍfï wjYH;dj wOHlaI uKav,h wjOdrKh lf<a h'

2' m%;sks¾udKh yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jk hqfrdamSh nexl=j

11' m%;sks¾udKh yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jk hqfrdamSh nexl=j ^m%' ix' hq' nex'&

2000 cQks udifha § uyck f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;shla wkqu; lf<a h' B <Õ jif¾ §" m%' ix' hq' nex' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaOfhka uQ,sl iudf,dapkhla fufyh ù h' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka" wOHlaI uKav,h mQ¾K mßudK iudf,dapkhla mj;ajk f,i b,a,d isáfha h' 2003 wfm%a,a 29 jeks Èk ixfYdaê; m%;sm;a;shla iïu; lr .ekSfuka iudf,dapkh l+gm%dma; úh'

12' jHdmD;s wdlD;s ^jHdmD;s ms<sn| ixlafIams; f,aLk& - mqoa.,sl wxYfha

jHdmD;s i|yd - wOHlaI uKav,fha i,ld ne,Sug Èk 30lg l,ska o - rdcH wxYfha jHdmD;s i|yd - wOHlaI uKav,fha i,ld ne,Sug Èk 60lg l,ska o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' wOHlaI uKav,fha wkqu;sfhka miq jHdmD;s wdlD;s fjí wvú ;=< hdj;ald, lr ;nkq ,efí' mqoa.,sl wxYfha fufyhqï ms<sn| we.hSï o fjí wvú ;=< we;=<;a lrkq ,efí'

13' kj m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a rdIaà%h uQf,damdhka iQodkï lsÍu iïnkaOfhka woyia

oelaùug uyckhdg wdrdOkd lrkq ,efí' tfia lsÍug wvq ;rñka i;s 8la fokq ,efí' ,enqKq woyia idrdxY.; flreKq wene¢hla ^addendum& yd tlS woyiaj,g rg ;=< l%shd;aul jk lKavdhfuka ,o m%;spdr wod< rfÜ uQf,damdh ms<sn| jevuq¨j ;=< i,ld ne,Sug fmrd;=j wOHlaIjrekag fuka u úOdhl lñgqjg iemhsh hq;= j ;sfí' rdIaà%h uQf,damdhg wOHlaI uKav, wkqu;sh ,eîfuka miq wene¢h m%' ix' hq' nexl= fjí wvúh ;=<g we;=<;a lrkq ,nkafka h' m%;sm;a;sh lafIa;% ^section& m%;sm;a;s flgqïm; uyck woyia ,nd .ekSu i|yd nexl= fjí wvúhg we;=<;a lrkq ,nk nj o ksYaph fldg olajhs' tfia isÿ lrkq ,nkafka mQ¾j wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPdfjka wvq ;rñka Èk 45lg miq wOHlaIjreka úisks'

14' 2003 j¾Ih i|yd ksl=;a lr ;sfnk m%;sm;a;sh o kshdul mokula u;

wkd.;fha wkqu; lrkq ,nk rdIaà%h uQf,damdhka foaYSh NdIdjkag mßj¾;kh lrk f,i b,a,d isáhs' Bg w;sf¾l j" nexl=j m%Odk nexl= m%;sm;a;s ;=kla ^wkdjrKh lsÍï" úu¾Yk yd mßirh ms<sn|& mßj¾;kh lrk nj i|yka lrhs'

15' m%' ix' hq' nex' jQ l,s ish wkdjrK lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl

jd¾;djla ;ukaf.a fjí wvúh ;=<g we;=<;a lrk tl u n' md' ix' nex' fõ'

3' hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j

16' 2002 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha hqfrdamSh wdfhdack nexl=j ^hq' wd' nex'& ¨yq~q

f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkhla ksl=;a lf<a h' fï iuÕ wkdjrKh lrk ,o m%Odk f;dr;=re úia;r lr olajk úia;r m;%sldjla ^hq' wd' nex' ikaksfõokh lrkafka flfia o - fmdÿ iudf,dapkhla How EIB. Communicates - An Overview& yd uQ,sl jYfhka fmrjoklska o úIh m:h yd joka fldaIh ms<sn| w¾: oelaùulska o wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g wod<

49

jHd;sf¾lhlska o iukaú; uyckhdg f,aLk ,nd .ekSu iïnkaO kS;s - Rules on Public Access to Document ix.%yhla o ksl=;a flßKs'

17' hq' wd' nex' "wkdjrKh lsÍu ms<sn| mQ¾jdkqñ;sh" kï jQ j.ka;sh iïu;

lr fkd ue;s kuqÿ kS;s "th il%sh f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;shla l%shd;aul lsÍug lem jk w;r uyckhdg tys uQf,damdh" m%;sm;a;s" l%shdldrlï yd Ndú;hka ms<sn| f;dr;=re iemhSfuys ,d tys m%h;akhka È.g u mj;ajd f.k hdug yd Yla;su;a lsÍug l%shd lrkq we;" hs i|yka lrhs' hq' wd' nex' "fhda.H ;kays yd fhda.H ;dla ÿrg tys iu .súiqï md¾Yajhka iuÕ we;s lr .kakd tlÕ;ajhla ;=<ska ksu lrk ,o ;ks fufyhqï ms<sn| uQ,sl f;dr;=re ksl=;a lsÍu wLKav j isÿ lrkq we;" hs o tlS kS;s ksYaph fldg olajhs' hqfrdamSh ix.ufha uQ,H iïmdok wdh;kh f,i hq' wd' nex' tys f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;sh "mdroDYH;dj yd f;dr;=re m%isoaêfha wkdjrKh lsÍu yd fjk;a kS;s iïnkaO wod< hqfrdamSh ix.ï m%;sm;a;s" u; mokï lrk nj f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh ;j ÿrg;a i|yka lrhs'

18' jHjia:dhSh f,aLk hqfrdamSh ix.ufha ish¨ u rdcH NdIdjkaf.ka ,nd .;

yels w;r hqfrdamSh ix.ufha NdIdjkaf.ka yd$fyda hqfrdamSh ix.uhg wh;a fkd jk NdIdjkaf.ka ,sheù we;s m%ldYk ,nd .ekSug we;s yelshdj nexl=fõ fufyhqï wruqKq uÕska ks¾Kh lrkq ,nk nj f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh fmkajd fohs' fjí wvú bx.S%is" *%kai yd c¾uka NdIdj,ska Èia fjhs'

19' ft;sydisl f,aLk ieliSu iïnkaOfhka kS;s ksYaph lr olajkafka f,aLkj,

ryiH Ndjh idudkHfhka jir 30lg miq wjika jk nj h' 20' hqfrdamd ix.uh iïnkaO m%{ma;shg wkql+, j uyckhdg f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍu .ek ish meñKs,s hqfrdamd Tïnqâiaudkajrhd ^ÿla .kakdrd,& fj; bÈßm;a l< yels nj f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;s m%ldYkh b;d meyeÈ,s j ms<s.kshs'

21' 2004 cQks udifha § hq' wd' nex' f;dr;=re m%;sm;a;s m%ldYh úêu;a j

m%;sfYdaOkh lsÍulska f;dr j wdh;kfha wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| Ndú;hka ;=< we;s l< ksYaÑ; fjkialï lSmhla wkqu; lf<a h' WodyrKhla jYfhka" wOHlaI uKav,fha yd ú.Kk lñgqfõ mdßf;daIsl yd iduqysl j.lSu ms<sn| jd¾;djla mßÈ u ixfõ§ ;k;=rej,g wod< úkh kS;s ix.%yh o oeka m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajd ;sfí'

4' wka;¾ - wefußldkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j

22' 1994 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha § w' we' ix' nex' tys m%:u f;dr;=re wkdjrKh

lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lr 1994 fkdjeïn¾ udifha § w' we' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s w;afmd;g ^ OP-102& wka;¾.; lf<a h' m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajk ,o f,aLkj,g tla lrkq ,nñka ;snqKq f,aLk ms<sìUq lsÍug th 1998 fmnrjdß udifha § yd kej;;a 2001 wfm%a,a udifha § ixfYdaOkh lrk ,È' 2002 § w' we' ix' nex' m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| iudf,dapkhla wdrïN lf<a h' th l+gm%dma;shg m;a jQfha 2003 fkdjeïn¾ udifha § m%;sfYdaê; yd hdj;ald, flreKq f,aLkhla t<s oelaùu yeáhg h'

23' kj m%;sm;a;sh nexl= f,aLk rlaId.drhg jvd l%udkql+, yd läkï m%fõY

ud¾.hla y÷kajd fohs' ft;sydisl f;dr;=re tajd ksl=;a lsÍfuka jir 20la .; jQ l,ays m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' ksl=;a lrk wjia:dfõ §

50

m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug fkd ;snqKq tfy;a m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels j ;snqKq ft;sydisl f;dr;=re jHdmD;sh$jevigyk iudma; lrkq ,en ;sfnk yd rch tys wkqu;sh fokq ,en ;sfnk l,ays ksl=;=fjka miq m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels j ;sfí'

24' Bg w;sf¾l j wOHlaI uKav,fha jd¾Isl yd f;uia jevigyk oeka

m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' fufyhqï yd lafIa;% m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| ldrl iNd idlÉPdjka .ek wOHlaI uKav, lñgqfõ iNdm;sjreka úiska wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk jd¾;d o lafIa;% uQf,damdhka o w' we' ix' nexl=fõ rdIaà%h uQf,damdhka o nrm;< f,i Kh.e;s j isák ÿ.S rgj,a iïnkaO f,aLk o È<s÷lu my; fy<Sfï uQf,damdh ms<sn| m;%sld yd wka;¾ ld,Sk ÿ.Slu my; fy<Sfï uQf,damdh ms<sn| m;%sld o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' m%;sm;a;sh w' we' ix' nexl=j wOHlaI uKav, /iaùï jd¾;d ^wkqu; lrkq ,eîfuka Èk 60la we;=<;& ksl=;a lsÍug ne|S isák m%:u n' md' ix' nexl=j njg m;a lrhs'

25' w' we' ix' nexl=j tys m%;sm;a;sh ;=< we;=<;a j fkd ue;s jqj o idudkHfhka

wOHlaI uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrk f,aLk bx.S%is yd iamd[a[ hk NdId folska u m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajhs' úOdhl uKav,hg bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk f,aLk w' we' ix' nexl=fõ ks, NdId y;r jk bx.S%is" *%kai" mD;=.Sis yd iamd[a[ hk iEu nilska u m%isoaêfha ,nd .; yels úh hq;= h'

5' f,dal nexl= lKavdhu ^w& cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj

26' 1994 cQ,s udifha § cd;Hka;r uQ,H ixia:dj ^cd' uQ' ix'& tys m%:u wkdjrKh

lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh iïu; lf<a h' m%;sfYdaê; m%;sm;a;sh 1996 cQ,s udifha § l%shd;aul Ndjhg m;a jQ w;r 1998 cQ,s udifha § wOHlaI uKav,h m%;sfYdaê; wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;shla ;=< jeä ÿr meyeÈ,s lsÍï yd m%;sfYdaOk wkqu; lf<a h' fjk;a uQ,H wdh;kj, m%;sm;a;s fuka u th wdrïN lrk ,oafoa "wkdjrKh lsÍïj,g mlaImd;S mQ¾jdkqñ;shla" u; h' ;j o th ta iudk u w;aysgqjk l%shd mámdàka ^Caveats& o wka;¾.; lr .kshs'

27' mqoa.,sl wxYfha jHdmD;sj, wdlD;s ^¨yq~q jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLk& wOHlaI

uKav,h úiska i,ld n,kq ,eîug wvq ;rñka Èk 30lg l,ska m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,nk w;r wOHlaI uKav, wkqu;sh ,efnk f;la tajd fjí wvúh ;=< hdj;ald, lr ;nkq ,efí' jHdmD;sfha n,mEï ms<sn| mdßißl yd iudÔh f;dr;=re wOHlaI uKav,fha wkqu;sh ,eîug wju jYfhka Èk 30lg fyda 60lg u;af;ka m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajkq ,efí' fuh jHdmD;sfha mdßißl yd iudÔh wjodku ms<sn| ksremdêlh ^category& u; r|d mj;shs'

28' cd' uQ' ix' th mqoa.,sl wxYh ;=< isÿ lrk fufyhqï iïnkaO we.hSï

f,aLk fndfyda ixLHdjla m%isoaêhg m;a lrhs' cd' uQ' ix' w;S;fha l< wdfhdackj,ska W.;a mdvï ^lafIa;%h" úIh yd rg wkqj ldKav.; lr we;& o óg we;=<;a fjhs' cd' uQ' ix' úfYaI we.hqï wOHhkhka o úfYaI wOHhkhkaf.a idrdxYhka yd jd¾Isl iudf,dapkhka o m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajhs'

29' 2004 § cd' uQ' ix' tys wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| iudf,dapkhla

wdrïN lf<a h' wdrïNhla jYfhka" fjí wvú mokï lr .ekqKq

51

WmfoaYkhka yd fiajd odhl iólaIK jghla meje;aùfuka miq oeka th 2004 wf.daia;= 16 jeks Èk m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajk ,o WmfoaYk m;%sldjla iïnkaOfhka wdodkhka le|jd we;' m%;sm;a;s rduqj ms<sn| m%;sfYdaê; flgqïm;la 2004 fkdjeïn¾ udifha § m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaù h'

30' m%;sm;a;s rduqj ms<sn| flgqïm; cd' uQ' ixia:dfõ fiajdodhlhka jHdmD;sj,

n,mEug md;% jQ ckhd fj; we;s flfrk mdßißl yd iudÔh n,mEï yels ;rï l,a we;s j wkdjrKh l< hq;= hehs o Tjqka jHdmD;sj, iudÔh yd mdßißl n,mEï Yukh lsÍfï l%shdud¾.sl ie,iqï .ek wëlaIKh fldg m%isoaêfha jd¾;d l< hq;= hehs o fhdackd lrhs' cd' uQ' ix' fï ie,iqï tys wkdjrKh lsÍfï ud¾. ;=<ska m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug o i,iajkq we;' fhdað; jHdmD;sj,ska wfmalaIs; ixj¾Ok n,mEï iïnkaOfhka yd mYapd;a iudydr ^ex-post aggregate& mokula u; l%udkql+," i¾j.%dyS yd ixikaokd;aul wdldrhlska cd' uQ' ixia:dfõ wdfhdackj, jd¾Isl ixj¾Ok n,mEï iïnkaOfhka cd' uQ' ix' m%isoaêfha jd¾;d l< hq;= hehs o flgqïm; fhdackd lrhs'

31' m%isoaêfha wkdjrKh lsÍug fkd yels ;rï ixfõ§ f;dr;=re ixialrKh

lsÍfuka miq wOHlaI uKav, /iaùïj, jd¾;d m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaúh hq;= j we;ehs o m%;sm;a;s rduqj ms<sn| flgqïm; fhdackd lrhs'

32' 2005 ;=ka jeks ld¾;=j w;r ;=r ld, mßÉfþofha § kj m%;sm;a;shla cd' uQ'

ixia:dfõ wOHlaI uKav, wkqu;sh i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaIs; h'

^wd& nyq md¾Yaúl wdfhdack wdrlaIK tackaish 33' nyq md¾Yaúl wdfhdack wdrlaIK tackaish ^n' wd' wd' ta& f;dr;=re

wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajd f.k hhs' th tys wfkla ld¾hka w;r wdrlaIKh lrk ,o jHdmD;s ms<sn| ¨yq~q úia;r igykla imhk ff;%udisl jd¾;d ^fuhg wdfhdaclhdf.a ku yd rg" i;aldrl rfÜ wkkH;dj" wdfhdackh lrkq ,nk uqo,a m%udKh yd wdrlaIKfha jákdlu yd wdjrKs; jmißh n÷ úia;r we;=<;a fjhs& m%isoaO lsÍu wjYH h'

34' n' wd' wd' tackaisfha wdrlaIKh ms<sn| iïu; .súiqï ^fïjd jHdmD;s -

úfYaIs; .súiqï flgqïm;a lsÍu i|yd moku f,i Ndú; lrkq ,efí& b,a¨ïlrejkag yd fmdÿ uyck;djg ,nd .; yels h' ;j o" fhdað; wdfhdackhla i|yd jdßl msßjeh weia;fïka;= lsÍug úNjd;aul ^potential& b,a¨ïlrejkag iydh ùu i|yd n' wd' wd' ta' uQ,sl jdßl ñ, .Kka m%isoaêhg m;a lrkq ,efí'

35' n' wd' wd' tackaish cd' uQ' ixia:dfõ wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| iudf,dapkh

ióm j wëlaIKh lrñka isáhs' ;j o" th cd' uQ' ix' tys l%shdoduh ^2005 §& iudma; l< l,ays ;ukaf.a u m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| iudf,dapkhla wdrïN lsÍug woyia lrhs'

^we& f,dal nexl=j

36' f,dal nexl=j tys fufyhqï ms<sn| f;dr;=re lrd uyckhdg <Õd ùug we;s

wjia:d jeä lsÍug wLKav j l%shd lrhs( th f;dard .;a rgj,aj, ,nd .; yels f,aLkj, jmißh mq¿,a lsÍug kshdul jHdmD;shla wdrïN lr we;s w;r uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk iïnkaO flfrk f.da,Sh cd,hla f.dv keÕSug ie,lsh hq;= uqo,la fjka lr ;sfí' Bg wu;r j" th mßj¾;k

52

lghq;= jeä lsÍug iydh §ï jia mdol jHQyhla iïu; lr ;sfnk w;r f;dr;=re wkdjrKh .ek ,efnk uyck meñKs,sj,g wduka;%Kh lsÍug hka;%Khla msysgqùug idlÉPd wdrïN lr ;sfí'

37' 1993 wf.daia;= udifha § f,dal nexl=j f;dr;=re wkdjrKh iïnkaO

m%;sm;a;shla wkqu; l< m%:u n' md' ix' nex' njg m;a úh' 1995 yd 1997 isÿ flreKq ld¾h uKav, iudf,dapkhkaf.ka miq j yd B <Õg t<ô jirj,a ;=< § m%isoaêfha ,nd .ekSug i,iajk ,o f,aLk ,ehsia;=jg w;sf¾l f,aLk we;=<;a flßKs' 2000 yd 2001 w;r ;=r ld,fha § mj;ajkq ,enQ i¾j.%dyS ^comprehensive& iudf,dapkhla 2001 iema;eïn¾ udifha § m%idß; wkdjrKh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;shla wkqu; lsÍug uÕ mE§ h' f,dal nexl=fõ wkdjrK m%;sm;a;sh 2002 § l%shd;aul jkag mgka .;af;a h'

38' wfkla tajd w;r" kj m%;sm;a;sh ms<sieliqï Kh §fï fufyhqïj,g yd

rdIaà%h wdOdr uQf,damdhka yd lafIa;% uQf,damdhka ms<sn| m;%sld w<,d flfrk wOHlaI uKav, idlÉPdjka .ek iNdm;sjrhdf.a iudma; igykaj,g iïnkaê; f,aLk wkdjrKh y÷kajd ÿks' kj m%;sm;a;sh nexl= f,aLk rlaId.drh lrd m%fõY ùfï l%udkql+, yd läkï l%ufõohla o l%shd;aul lf<a h' tys m%;sm;a;sh ;=< i|yka lr fkd ue;s kuqÿ" f,dal nexl=j wmf,aLk.; jHdmdßl wdh;kj, kï m%isoaêhg m;a lrhs'

39' f,dal nexl=j mdßißl we.hSï" iajfoaYsl ck;djka i|yd jk ie,iqï yd

mdol jHQyhka o h<s mÈxÑ lr ùfï ie,iqï o jHdmD;sj, n,mEug md;% jQ ckhd fj; Tjqkag jgyd .; yels rEmdldrhlska" ú,dihlska yd NdIdjlska ,nd .ekSug ie,eiaùu wjYH h' ish¨ u Kh §fï fufyhqï i|yd iQodkï lrkq ,nk jHdmD;s f;dr;=re f,aLkh jHdmD;s iQodkï lsÍug msgqn, imhk ;:H ;dlaIKsl f,aLk ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu wjYH h'

40' 2001 § m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍu;a iuÕ f,dal nexl=j n,mEug md;% jQ ckhd

fj; tys iudÔh lem ùu ;sr lsÍug mßj¾;k ixLHdj jeä lsÍu i|yd úl,am ud¾. fiùug o uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dkh Yla;su;a lsÍug yd m%;sm;a;sh jHdma; lsÍfuys yd tys iudÔh lem ùug wod< uQ,sldx. iïnkaOfhka ikaksfõok úfYaI{hka jvd;a m,odhS j iyNd.S lrjd .ekSug o ;j ÿrg;a lghq;= lsÍug wkqu;sh ,nd ÿkafka h' 2001 jif¾ isg f,dal nexl=j th i;= j ;sfnk uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk ixLHdj yd tajdfha Odß;dj jeä lr ;sfnk w;r rdIaà%h wdOdr uQf,damdhka o È<s÷lu my; fy<Sfï uQf,damdh ms<sn| m;%sld yd jHdmD;s o ieliSu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu iïnkaO w;sf¾l f;dr;=re iemhSfï ud¾. .fõIKh lsÍug Wkkaÿj;a idudðl rgj,a iuÕ kshdul jevigykla Èh;a lr ;sfí'

41' 2003 cQ,s udifha § wOHlaI uKav,h uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk Yla;su;a

lsÍug wkqu;sh ÿka w;r ta ld¾hh i|yd fvd,¾ ñ,shk .Kkl uqo,a m%;smdok imhñka isà' f,dal nexl=j oeka rdIaà%h ld¾hd, uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk ld¾h uKav,h" wkdjrKh lsÍï iïnkaO wNHka;r úfYaI{hka f,i fiajh lsÍug;a foaYSh NdIdjkaf.ka f,aLk iïmdokh ÈhqKq lsÍug;a mßj¾;k lghq;= iïnkaOfhka ld¾h uKav,j,g Wmfoia §ug;a fufyhqï l%shdldrlï ms<sn| oekqj;alu j¾Okh lsÍug yd wdh;kh we;=<; yd msg; yjq,a jHdmdr jHdma; lsÍu i|yd myiqlï ie,iSug;a mqyqKq lrñka isáhs'

42' ;j o" f,dal nexl=j 2003 cQ,s udifha § f,aLk mßj¾;kh lsÍfï mdol

jHQyhla iïu; lf<a h' mßj¾;k lghq;= ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSu iïnkaO j.lSu f,aLkh iïnkaOfhka j.lsj hq;= mqoa.,hka ^"jHdmdßl wkq.%dylhka"& fj; mejÍ ;sfí' jHdmdßl wjYH;d u; /f|ñka Tjqyq

53

m<,a u" wod< fm%alaIl msßia fj; ;ukag <Õd ùug bv ie,fik NdId m%fõYhla f;dard .kq we;a;dy'

43' f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSfï ud¾. wysñ lrkq ,en ;sfnk mqoa.,hkag Wmfhdack

hka;%Khla ks¾udKh lsÍug f,dal nexl=fõ uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk tallhg n,h mjrd ;sfí' uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk tallh kqÿre wkd.;fha § fï .eg¨j .ek .fõIKh lsÍug f,dal nexl= fomd¾;fïka;= yd rdcH fkd jk ixúOdk tla;eka lsÍug wNsm%d lrhs'

44' 2004 § ksiaidrl ^extractive& l¾udka; we.hSu yd iudf,dapkh rcfha

.súiqï yd m%Odk ksiaidrl l¾udka; jHdmD;s i|yd wdKavqj,g f.jkq ,nk wdodhï .ek jd¾;d lsÍfï jeo.;alu y÷kd .;af;a h' fï f.ùï isÿ lrkqfha rdcH md,kh m%j¾Okh lsÍu" ¥IKh my; fy<Su yd tn÷ wdodhï WÑ; whqßka mdúÉÑ lsÍu myiq lsÍu i|yd h' fï iudf,dapkhg m%;spdr jYfhka f,dal nexl= md,l uKav,h úYd, jHdmD;s fjkqfjka wdKavqj,g lrk f.ùï iïnkaOfhka mdroDYH;dj mj;ajd .kakd f,i;a fï .súiqï uyckhdg wod<;ajhla orK ´kE u wjia:djl m%Odk .súiqïj, wod< fldkafoais wkdjrKh lrk f,i;a b,a,d isáhs'2

45' f,dal nexl=fõ md,l uKav,h yd wOHlaI uKav,h wkdjrKh lsÍï jHdma;

lsÍug mj;akd YlH;djka ms<sn| j wLKav j idlÉPd lrhs' 2005 ud¾;= udifha § wOHlaI uKav,h World Bank Disclosure Policy: Additional Issues, Follow-Up Consolidated Report (Revised) - f,dal nexl= wkdjrKh lsÍï m%;sm;a;sh ( w;sf¾l .eg¨" miq úmrï iïmsKaä; jd¾;dj ^m%;sfYdaê;& kue;s ud;Dldfjka hq;a m;%sldjla wkqu; lf<a h' fuys wka;¾.; jQ kj wkdjrK úIhka 16la wkqu; lrk ,È' fïjdg m%;sks¾udKh yd ixj¾Okh i|yd jk cd;Hka;r nexl=fõ idudðl rgj,a i|yd ilik ,o rdIaà%h wdOdr uQf,damdhka ms<sn| wdldr.; wkdjrKh lsÍï; flgqïm;a lrk ,o fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s ks, fkd jk wOHlaI uKav, /iaùï i|yd wOHlaI uKav,h ;=< fnod yeß úfgl kshdul mokula u; tajd ksl=;a lsÍu; yd wOHlaI uKav, /iaùï jd¾;d" whjeh f,aLkh"ld¾h uKav, jkaÈ f,aLkh yd ld¾h uKav, w;afmd; hkdÈh wkdjrKh lsÍu we;=<;a úh'

mdoSh igyka

1 tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk" Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a fragmented World, ksõfhdala ( 115' http://www.undp.org/hdr2002/chapterfive.pdf fjí wvúfhka ,nd .; yels h' 2 f,dal nexl=j 2004" iema;eïn¾ 17" World Bank Group Management Response to the Extractive Industries Review, http://www.worldbank.org/servlet/WDS-Ibank-Servlet? pcont}details&eid000160016-2004092 1111523

54

2 jeks Wm .%ka:h l%shdldß;aj we.hSï wdlD;sh

ie,iqï ixlafIamK o¾Yl $ b,lal wëlaIK hka;%K wëlaIK fhduq

,laIH n,mEu

m%j¾ê; ixj¾Ok ld¾h idOl;ajh

m%;sixialrK kHdh m;% m%.;s jd¾;d uÕska wëlaIKh lrkq ,efí'

m%;sM,h

md¾Yajlrejka wd' ix' nex' flfrys ;nd we;s úYajdih yd th iuÕ ld¾h kshqla; ùug Tjqka i;= yelshdj m%j¾Okh flßKs'

wd' ix' nex' ms<sn| j md¾Yajlrejka ;=< mj;akd wjfndaOh o wd' ix' nexl=fõ újD; Ndjh" j. W;a;r iemhSug ne|S isàu yd iyNd.sl;ajh ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a ;lafiarej ;=< isÿ j we;s m%j¾Okhka'

jir 5lg miq m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| j isÿ lrkq ,nk i¾j.%dyS iudf,dapkh'

u; m< lrk kdhlhkaf.a ye¢k .ekSfï iólaIK ^iEu jir 3lg jrla&

fiajdodhlhkaf.a yd yjq,aldß;ajhkaf.a iólaIK yd fjk;a md¾Yajlrejkaf.a we.hSï'

nd' i' ld' ^OER& nd' i' ld' ^OER&

SPD

m%;sodk ^Outputs&

1' wd' ix' nexl=fõ m%.dó ndysr in|;d

l<ukdlrKh úiska wdOdr fok rgj,g jHdma; lrkq ,nk ¥; uKav, ixLHdj by< hdu

l<ukdlrKh úiska udOHj,g fokq ,nk iïuqL idlÉPd iy jHdma; lrkq ,enQ l%shdldrlïj, 5]l jd¾Isl jeä ùula

by< fmf<a uqøs; udOH ;=< ksrka;r m%ldYhg m;a ùu ^tkï" wvq ;rñka u; m< lrk l;=jels yhla Asian Wall Street Journal, Financial Times yd International Herald Tribune hk mqj;am;aj, m%isoaO flßKs'

uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

udOH wëlaIKh

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2' wd' ix' nexl=fõ fufyhqï .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug we;s ud¾. jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu'

rdIaà%h uQf,damdh yd jevigyk i|yd;a l,dmSh iyfhda.s;dj ms<sn| uQf,damdh yd jevigyka hdj;ald, lsÍu i|yd;a jk fufyhqï uÕska j¾Okh lrk ,o ikaksfõok ie,iqï ixLHdfjys jd¾Isl jeä ùu

fojeks jif¾ § wdrïN ù m%;sm;a;sfhys wdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;d ksis mßÈ l%shd;aul ù fkd ;sìh § meñKs,sj, jd¾Isl wvq ùula

f;dr;=re tallfha jd¾;d yd uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgq jd¾;d yd uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

f;dr;=re tallfha jd¾;d yd uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;s jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER& nd' i' ld' ^OER&

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

ie,iqï ixlafIamK o¾Yl $ b,lal wëlaIK hka;%K wëlaIK fhduq ,laIH

55

1 jeks jir wjidkfha jHdmD;sj,ska 50]la i|yd o 2 jeks jir wjika jk úg jHdmD;sj,ska 100]la i|yd o jHdmD;s $ jevigyka f;dr;=re f,aLk ks¾udKh flßKs'

fkajdisl ¥; uKav,j,g yd ksfhdað; ld¾hd,j,g bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk úfõpkd;aul u; oelafjk ldâ m;aj, i|yka jk mßÈ uyck ;Dma;sh m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

le,ekavr Èk 30la we;=<; imqrd,k ,o f;dr;=re i|yd jQ b,a,Sïj, m%;sY;h

wkdjrKh lsÍfï wjYH;djka iuÕ 100]l wkql+,;djla

úfõpkd;aul u; oelafjk ldâm;a iólaIKh

f;dr;=re tallfha jd¾;d yd uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

f;dr;=re tallh yd uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;d uÕska kshe¢ ,nd .ekSu

RMs, ROs iy OER

l%shdldrlï

1'1 ndysr in|;d i|yd jk m%;sm;a;sfhys oelafjk uQf,damdh i|yd l%shdud¾.sl ie,eiaula iQodkï lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍfuka udi 3la we;=<;

l%shdud¾.sl ie,eiau yd m%.;s jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

1'2 ixúOdkuh jHQyh kej; fm< .eiaùu yd ndysr in|;d ms<sn| j kj uQf,damdhsl uÕ fmkaùïj,g iydh ùug ksmqK;d uqiqj fm< .eiaùu

m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍfuka udi 3la we;=<;

msßmyÿ lrk ,o úêúOdk i|yd l<ukdlrKfhys wkqu;sh

BPMSD nd' i' ld'

^OER&

1'3 udOH fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s hdj;ald, lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍfuka udi 4la we;=<; ld¾h uKav,hg fnod yeÍu

fufyhqï m%;sm;a;s ksl=;a lsÍu

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2'1 f;dr;=re tallh ia:dmkh lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh wkqu; lsÍfuka udi 3la we;=<;

uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2'2 uyck wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| WmfoaYl lñgqj ia:dmkh lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkh jk úg

uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sfha jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2'3 m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| ld¾h uKav, w;afmd; ilia lr fnod yeÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkh jk úg ld¾h uKav,hg fnod yeÍu

w;afmd; ksl=;a lsÍu nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2'4 m%;sm;a;sh iïnkaOfhka ,shk ,o Kh .ekqïlre yd wkq.%dyl w;afmd; ilia lr fnod yeÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èkfha isg udi 6la we;=<;

w;afmd; ksl=;a lsÍu nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2'5 wkdjrKh lsÍï ms<sn| wjYH;d iïnkaOfhka mqyqKq jevigyka mj;ajd f.k hdu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èk mgka tla jirla we;=<; ish¨ u ¥; uKav, kdhlhkag yd jHdmD;s úYaf,aIlhkag

f;dr;=re tallfha wëlaIK jd¾;d

uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

2'6 ixÑ; mqia;ld, jevigyk iudf,dapkh lsÍu yd idudðl rgj,a ;=< uyck f;dr-;=re uOHia:dk Wiia uÜgulg m;a lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èk mgka tla jirla we;=<;

iudf,dapk m;%sldj

uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

ie,iqï ixlafIamK o¾Yl $ b,lal wëlaIK hka;%K wëlaIK fhduq ,laIH

56

2'7 by; oelafjk iudf,dapkh mokï lr f.k idudðl rgj,a ;=< uyck f;dr;=re uOHia:dk jHdma; lsÍu$Wiia uÜgulg m;a lsÍu

m%;sm;a;sh n,d;aul jk Èk mgka jir 2la we;=<;

uyck ikaksfõok m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| jd¾Isl jd¾;dj

nd' i' ld' ^OER&

wd' ix' nex } wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j" BPMSD } whjeh" msßia yd l<ukdlrK moaO;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" nd' i' ld ^OER& } ndysr in|;d ld¾hd,h" SPD } uQf,damdh yd m%;sm;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" RM } fkajdisl ¥; uKav," RO } ksfhdað; ld¾hd,