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156. Warped UniverseThe Idea of Relativity
157. Uncertainty The Idea of The Implicated Observer
158. Chaos TheoryThe Idea of Unpredictablity
159. Common Sense The Idea of Pragmatism
160. Their Own Terms The Idea of Cultural Relativism
161. Sleeper The Idea of The Unconscious
162. Little Man The Idea of Child Development
163. Back to Basics The Idea of Religious Fundamentalism
164. Many WaysThe Idea of Religious Pluralism
165. Axe in The Sticks The Idea of Fascism
166. Spending for Wealth The Idea of Welfare Economics
167. A Better World The Idea of Universal Welfare
168. Solid Foundations The Idea of Spontaneous Social Order
169. Peasant SocialismThe Maoist Idea of Communism
170. Road to Freedom The Idea of Existentialism
171. Black is Beautiful The Idea of Pride in Black Culture
172. Out of AfricaThe Idea That Humans Originated in Africa
173. The Great Chain The Idea of Manipulating the Code of Life
174. Intelligence Test The Idea of Genetic Determinism
175. Silent SpringsThe Idea of Environmentalism
176. Fast Talking The Idea that Language is Innate
177. The Great Satan The Idea of Anti-Americanism
178. Global Village The Idea of Cultural Pluralism
95. Fool’s GoldThe Idea of Magic as Science 96. Small World The Mistaken Idea of a Smaller Earth97. Here Comes the SunThe Idea of a Sun-Centred Universe
98. Prove Me Wrong The Idea of The Inductive Method
99. Cogito Ergo SumThe Idea That Individual Existence is Verifiable 100. Fallen Apple The Idea of an Engineered Universe 101. Invisible Powers The Idea of Harnessing Natural Energy
102. Little Pests The Idea of Microscopic Life-Forms
103. State First The Idea of the Overriding Interest of The State
104. Brotherhood of Man The Idea of Human Unity
105. Law of Nations The Idea of International Order
106. Nasty, Brutish, Short The Idea of a Savage ‘State of Nature’
107. Heaven’s Order The Chinese Idea of Popular Sovereignty
108.Price of Everything The Idea of Monetary Theory
109. Tight Money The Idea of Mercantilism
110. Laissez-Faire The Idea of the Free Market 111. Workers Unite The Idea of the Labour Theory of Value
112. Neverland The Utopian Idea 113. Getting Better The Idea of Progress 114. Cleansing the Temple The Idea of Anticlericalism 115. Forced to Be Free The Idea of The General Will 116. The Noble Savage The Idea of Primitive Virtue117. We, The PeopleThe Idea of Representative Democracy 118. Nation in Arms The Idea of The Citizen-Warrior119. Inalienable RightsThe Idea of Human Rights 120. Promontory of Asia The Idea of Europe
121. The Second Sex The Idea of Feminism 122. Many Mouths The Idea of Overpopulation 123. If It Ain’t Broke The Conservative Idea124. The Big IdeaThe Idea of Idealism 125. Reality Unveiled The Idea of Abstraction126. Perfect HarmonyThe Idea of Classical Principles in Art 127. Back to Nature The Idea of Romanticism
72. Big BrotherhoodThe Idea of Universal Love
73. Word Made FleshThe Idea of Divine Incarnation
74. One in Substance The Christian Idea of the Trinity
75. God’s Free LoveThe Christian Idea of Grace
76. Lightning Flash The Idea of Illumination
77. Dumbing UpThe Idea that Too Much Learning is Bad
78. Damned Time The Christian Idea of Predestination79. Wicked WorldThe Idea the Creation is Evil
80. Centre of the World The Idea of Chinese Superiority
81. This Is My BodyThe Idea of the Christian Church
82. Render Unto Caesar The Idea of the Separation of Church and State83. IslamThe Idea of Religion as Law
84. I Am The StateThe Idea of Unrestricted Royal Power
85. The Social Charter The Idea of the Social Contract
86. Scattered Grains The Idea of Japanese Superiority
87. Noble EducationThe Meritocratic Idea
88. Noblesse Oblige The Idea of Chivalry
89. Love Conquers All The Idea of Marrying for Love
90. Impossibilism The Idea of Anti-Science
91. Mu The Idea of Zen
92. Sacred Art The Idea of Icons
93. Holy Terror The Idea of Sacred War
94. Christian Soldiers The Idea of Spiritual Conquest
1. Eating PeopleThe Idea of Cannibalism
2. Give me a Sign The Idea of Symbols
3. Parting the Mist The Idea that our Senses can be Deluded
4. All Things Invisible The Idea of a Spirit World
5. Fly Like an Eagle The Idea of Transformation into an Animal or God
6. The Vision Thing The Idea of Communicating with the Spirit World
7. The Golden KeyThe Idea of Controlling Nature through Magic
8. May the Force… The Idea of a Purposeful Universal Force
9. No Dice The Idea of an Orderly Universe
10. Around the Clock The Idea of Measuring Time
11. Mighty and Dreadful The Idea of Death
12. Buried GoodsThe Idea of the Afterlife
13. The Family Silver The Idea of Transmitting Status by Heredity
14. Take, EatThe Idea of Proscribing Certain Foods
15. A Family Affair The Idea of Regulating Incest
16. Picture ThisThe Idea of Artistic Representation
17. Reading the Stars The Astrological Idea
18. Seeing Double The Idea of a Two-Fold Cosmos
19. Good and EvilThe Idea of a Universal Morality
20. Black Magic The Idea of Witchcraft
21. Animal Magic The Idea of Totemism
22. Eat, Drink The Idea of the Ritual Sharing of Food
23. Fair ExchangeThe Idea of Trade
128. My CountryThe Idea of Nationalism 129. The Doll’s House The New Ideas of Childhood and Womanhood130. Extreme OptimismThe Idea of Socialism 131. Class Struggle The Idea of Historical Dialectic
132. The Greatest Good The Idea of Utilitarianism 133. The Third Way The Idea of Christian Socialism134. Less Is MoreThe Idea of Anarchism 135. Climate of Fear The Idea of Terrorism 136. Will to Power Nietzsche’s Idea of the Primacy of the Will
137. Hero Inside The Idea of The Superman
138. Brother Knows BestThe Idea of the Unchallengeable State
139. Just Say No The Idea of Civil Disobedience 140. By Other Means The Idea of Total War 141. Master Morality The Idea that Might is Right
142. War Is GoodThe Idea that War Improves Society 143. Chosen Victims The Idea of Anti-Semitism 144. Inferior by Nature The Idea of Scientific Racism
145. Tooth and Claw The Idea of Natural Selection 146. Good Breeding The Idea of Eugenics 147. Atheist Faith The Idea of Godless Humanism
148. Calculating Machine The Idea of Artificial Intelligence 149. Master Race The Idea of German Superiority
150. Rule, Britannia The Idea of British Superiority
151. East Meets West The Indian Idea of Westernization
152. Asian Renaissance The Chinese Idea of Self-Strengthening
153. American Dream The Idea of American Exceptionalism
154. Manifest Destiny The Idea of American Expansionism
155. Dr. Strangelove The Idea of a Weapon to End War
43. All is One The Idea of Monism
44. Books of Truth The Idea of Infallible Holy Scripture
45. The New Illusion The Idea that Reality is Unknowable46. All ChangeThe Idea of a Dynamic Universe
47. Time’s Arrow The Idea of Time as a Linear Progression
48. Exquisite Reason The Rationalist Idea
49. Not a Horse The Idea of the Existence of Universal Concepts
50. Man is the Measure The Idea the Truth is Relative
51. Count on This The Idea that Numbers are Real
52. If x then y The Idea of Logical Proof
53. Matter MattersThe Materialist Idea 54. Smashing Atoms The Idea of Atoms
55. Against Supernature The Idea of Science56. Nothing MattersThe Idea of a Purposeless World
57. Scientific Method The Taoist Idea of Knowledge
58. Good Humours The Idea of Medicine as Science not Magic
59. Ethical Beings The Idea that Human Nature is Moral 60. Top Ape The Idea of Human Superiority
61. Return of the Soul The Idea of Reincarnation
62. Happiness First The Idea of Practical Ethics 63. A Capital Idea The Idea that Capitalism is Good
64. Legalism The Idea that Law and Order Come First
65. Rule of the Best The Idea of Republican Government
66. Human BondageThe Idea of Natural Slavery 67. Philosopher-Kings The Idea of Rule by an Intellectual Elite 68. The Great Void The Idea of Nothing 69. Power of Thought The Idea that Thought alone Created the Universe 70. No God but God The Idea of One All-powerful Deity 71. Love Above The Idea that God loves People
Katie Allen
Bermingham & Robinson
Michael Cousin
Sean Edwards
Paul Emmanuel
Carwyn Evans
Peter Finnemore
Dafydd Fortt
Andy Fung
S. Mark Gubb
David Hastie Richard Higlett
Cecile Johnson Soliz
Naomi Leake
Elfyn Lewis
Heather and Ivan Morison
David Nash
Magali Nougarède
Chris Nurse
Rowan O’Neill
Helen Sear
Miranda Whall
Sue Williams
Bedwyr Williams
Craig Wood
24. Drowning the DeerThe Idea of Sacrifice
25. Written in the Wind The Idea of Oracles
26. Outside Eden The Idea of Agriculture
27. Lords of Creation The Idea of Re-shaping Nature
28. The Curse of Work The Idea of the Work-Leisure Divide
29. God Is a Woman The Mother-Goddess Idea
30. Just Like a Woman The Idea of Sexism
31. No MercyThe Idea of Massacre
32. Take a Letter The Idea of Writing
33. Watching the Flock The Idea of the State
34. Divine Majesty The Idea of the Ruler as God
35. Universal RuleThe Idea of One-World Government
36. Getting Together The Idea of Marriage
37. Written in Stone The Idea of Unchanging Codes of Law
38. A Golden Age The Idea that All Humankind is Equal
39. Conquering Death The Idea of Eternal Monuments
40. Judgement Day The Idea of Divine Justice
41. Deo Volente The Idea of Fate
42. DreamtimeThe Idea that the World is an Illusion
Time (years)
Art
ists
(al
phab
etic
al)
30,000 BC 10,000 BC 1,000 BC 0 AD 1400 AD 1800 AD 1900 AD 2000 AD
y
x
Katie Allen
Bermingham & Robinson
Michael Cousin
Sean Edwards
Paul Emmanuel
Carwyn Evans
Peter Finnemore
Dafydd Fortt
Andy Fung
S. Mark Gubb
David Hastie Richard Higlett
Cecile Johnson Soliz
Naomi Leake
Elfyn Lewis
Heather and Ivan Morison
David Nash
Magali Nougarède
Chris Nurse
Rowan O’Neill
Helen Sear
Miranda Whall
Sue Williams
Bedwyr Williams
Craig Wood
We Have The Mirrors, We Have The Plans
156. Warped UniverseThe Idea of Relativity
157. UncertaintyThe Idea of The Implicated Observer
158. Chaos TheoryThe Idea of Unpredictablity
159. Common Sense The Idea of Pragmatism
160. Their Own TermsThe Idea of Cultural Relativism
161. Sleeper The Idea of The Unconscious
162. Little Man The Idea of Child Development
163. Back to BasicsThe Idea of Religious Fundamentalism
164. Many WaysThe Idea of Religious Pluralism
165. Axe in The Sticks The Idea of Fascism
166. Spending for Wealth The Idea of Welfare Economics
167. A Better WorldThe Idea of Universal Welfare
168. Solid Foundations The Idea of Spontaneous Social Order
169. Peasant SocialismThe Maoist Idea of Communism
170. Road to Freedom The Idea of Existentialism
171. Black is Beautiful The Idea of Pride in Black Culture
172. Out of AfricaThe Idea That Humans Originated in Africa
173. The Great ChainThe Idea of Manipulating the Code of Life
174. Intelligence Test The Idea of Genetic Determinism
175. Silent SpringsThe Idea of Environmentalism
176. Fast Talking The Idea that Language is Innate
177. The Great Satan The Idea of Anti-Americanism
178. Global Village The Idea of Cultural Pluralism
95. Fool’s Gold
The Idea of The Citizen-Warrior
128. My CountryThe Idea of Nationalism 129. The Doll’s House The New Ideas of Childhood and Womanhood130. Extreme Optimism
131. Class StruggleThe Idea of Historical Dialectic
132. The Greatest Good The Idea of Utilitarianism
133. The Third WayThe Idea of Christian Socialism
The Idea of Anarchism 135. Climate of Fear The Idea of Terrorism
136. Will to PowerNietzsche’s Idea of the Primacy of the Will
137. Hero InsideThe Idea of The Superman
138. Brother Knows BestThe Idea of the Unchallengeable State
139. Just Say No The Idea of Civil Disobedience
140. By Other MeansThe Idea of Total War
141. Master Morality The Idea that Might is Right
The Idea that War Improves Society 143. Chosen Victims The Idea of Anti-Semitism The Idea of Anti-Semitism
144. Inferior by NatureThe Idea of Scientific Racism
145. Tooth and Claw The Idea of Natural Selection
146. Good BreedingThe Idea of Eugenics
147. Atheist Faith The Idea of Godless Humanism The Idea of Godless Humanism
148. Calculating MachineThe Idea of Artificial Intelligence
149. Master RaceThe Idea of German Superiority
150. Rule, Britannia The Idea of British Superiority
151. East Meets WestThe Indian Idea of Westernization
152. Asian RenaissanceThe Chinese Idea of Self-Strengthening
153. American Dream The Idea of American Exceptionalism
154. Manifest DestinyThe Idea of American Expansionism
155. Dr. Strangelove The Idea of a Weapon to End War The Idea of a Weapon to End War
Time (years)
1400 AD 1800 AD 1900 AD 2000 AD x
Katie Allen
Bermingham & Robinson
Michael Cousin
Sean Edwards
Paul Emmanuel
Carwyn Evans
Peter Finnemore
Dafydd Fortt
Andy Fung
S. Mark Gubb
David Hastie
Richard Higlett
Cecile Johnson Soliz
Naomi Leake
Elfyn Lewis
Heather and Ivan Morison
David Nash
Magali Nougarède
Chris Nurse
Rowan O’Neill
Helen Sear
Miranda Whall
Sue Williams
Bedwyr Williams
Craig Wood
We Have The Mirrors, We Have The Plans
72. Big Brotherhood1. Eating People 43. All is One
Art
ists
(al
phab
etic
al)
30,000 BC 10,000 BC 1,000 BC 0 AD
yGennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau
The Idea of Magic as Science 96. Small World The Mistaken Idea of a Smaller Earth97. Here Comes the SunThe Idea of a Sun-Centred Universe
98. Prove Me WrongThe Idea of The Inductive Method
99. Cogito Ergo SumThe Idea That Individual Existence is Verifiable 100. Fallen Apple The Idea of an Engineered
101. Invisible PowersThe Idea of Harnessing Natural Energy
102. Little PestsThe Idea of Microscopic Life-Forms
103. State First The Idea of the Overriding Interest of The State
104. Brotherhood of ManThe Idea of Human Unity
105. Law of NationsThe Idea of International Order
106. Nasty, Brutish, ShortThe Idea of a Savage ‘State of Nature’
107. Heaven’s Order The Chinese Idea of Popular Sovereignty
108.Price of EverythingThe Idea of Monetary Theory
109. Tight MoneyThe Idea of Mercantilism
110. Laissez-FaireThe Idea of the Free Market
111. Workers Unite The Idea of the Labour Theory of Value
112. Neverland The Utopian Idea
113. Getting BetterThe Idea of Progress 114. Cleansing the Temple
The Idea of Anticlericalism115. Forced to Be FreeThe Idea of The General Will
116. The Noble Savage The Idea of Primitive Virtue117. We, The PeopleThe Idea of Representative Democracy 118. Nation in Arms The Idea of The Citizen-Warrior119. Inalienable RightsThe Idea of Human Rights 120. Promontory of Asia The Idea of Europe
121. The Second Sex The Idea of Feminism
122. Many MouthsThe Idea of Overpopulation 123. If It Ain’t Broke
The Conservative Idea124. The Big IdeaThe Idea of Idealism 125. Reality Unveiled The Idea of Abstraction126. Perfect HarmonyThe Idea of Classical Principles in Art 127. Back to Nature The Idea of Romanticism
128. My CountryThe Idea of Nationalism 130. Extreme OptimismThe Idea of Socialism
100. Fallen Apple 100. Fallen Apple Engineered Engineered
134. Less Is MoreThe Idea of Anarchism 136. Will to Power Nietzsche’s Idea of the Primacy of the Will
138. Brother Knows BestThe Idea of the Unchallengeable State
140. By Other MeansThe Idea of Total War
142. War Is GoodThe Idea that War Improves Society
144. Inferior by NatureThe Idea of Scientific Racism
146. Good Breeding
The Idea of Eugenics
148. Calculating Machine The Idea of Artificial Intelligence
152. Asian Renaissance The Chinese Idea of Self-Strengthening
72. Big BrotherhoodThe Idea of Universal Love
73. Word Made FleshThe Idea of Divine Incarnation
75. God’s Free LoveThe Christian Idea of Grace
76. Lightning FlashThe Idea of Illumination
77. Dumbing UpThe Idea that Too Much Learning is Bad
79. Wicked WorldThe Idea the Creation is Evil
81. This Is My BodyThe Idea of the Christian Church
83. IslamThe Idea of Religion as Law
84. I Am The StateThe Idea of Unrestricted Royal Power
85. The Social CharterThe Idea of the Social Contract
87. Noble EducationThe Meritocratic Idea
89. Love Conquers AllThe Idea of Marrying for Love
94. Christian SoldiersThe Idea of Spiritual Conquest
1. Eating PeopleThe Idea of Cannibalism
2. Give me a SignThe Idea of Symbols
3. Parting the Mist The Idea that our Senses can be Deluded
4. All Things InvisibleThe Idea of a Spirit World
5. Fly Like an Eagle The Idea of Transformation into an Animal or God
6. The Vision ThingThe Idea of Communicating with the Spirit World
7. The Golden KeyThe Idea of Controlling Nature through Magic
8. May the Force… The Idea of a Purposeful Universal Force
9. No DiceThe Idea of an Orderly Universe
10. Around the Clock The Idea of Measuring Time
11. Mighty and Dreadful The Idea of Death
12. Buried GoodsThe Idea of the Afterlife
13. The Family SilverThe Idea of Transmitting Status by Heredity
14. Take, EatThe Idea of Proscribing Certain Foods
15. A Family Affair The Idea of Regulating Incest
16. Picture ThisThe Idea of Artistic Representation
17. Reading the Stars The Astrological Idea
18. Seeing DoubleThe Idea of a Two-Fold Cosmos
19. Good and EvilThe Idea of a Universal Morality
20. Black Magic The Idea of Witchcraft
21. Animal Magic The Idea of Totemism
22. Eat, Drink The Idea of the Ritual Sharing of Food
23. Fair ExchangeThe Idea of Trade
The Idea of Monism
44. Books of Truth The Idea of Infallible Holy Scripture
45. The New Illusion The Idea that Reality is Unknowable The Idea that Reality is Unknowable 46. All ChangeThe Idea of a Dynamic Universe
47. Time’s Arrow The Idea of Time as a Linear Progression
48. Exquisite Reason The Rationalist Idea
49. Not a Horse The Idea of the Existence of Universal Concepts The Idea of the Existence of Universal Concepts
50. Man is the MeasureThe Idea the Truth is Relative
51. Count on This The Idea that Numbers are Real The Idea that Numbers are Real
52. If x then y The Idea of Logical Proof
53. Matter MattersThe Materialist Idea 54. Smashing Atoms The Idea of Atoms
55. Against Supernature The Idea of Science56. Nothing MattersThe Idea of a Purposeless World
57. Scientific Method The Taoist Idea of Knowledge
58. Good HumoursThe Idea of Medicine as Science not Magic
59. Ethical Beings The Idea that Human Nature is Moral 60. Top Ape The Idea of Human Superiority The Idea of Human Superiority
61. Return of the SoulThe Idea of Reincarnation
62. Happiness First The Idea of Practical Ethics 63. A Capital Idea The Idea that Capitalism is Good The Idea that Capitalism is Good
64. Legalism The Idea that Law and Order Come First The Idea that Law and Order Come First
65. Rule of the Best The Idea of Republican Government The Idea of Republican Government
66. Human BondageThe Idea of Natural Slavery 67. Philosopher-Kings The Idea of Rule by an Intellectual Elite
68. The Great VoidThe Idea of Nothing
69. Power of Thought The Idea that Thought alone Created the Universe 70. No God but God The Idea of One All-powerful Deity 71. Love Above The Idea that God loves People
Katie Allen
Bermingham & Robinson
Michael Cousin
Sean Edwards
Paul Emmanuel
Carwyn Evans
Peter Finnemore
Dafydd Fortt
Andy Fung
S. Mark Gubb
David Hastie
Richard Higlett
Cecile Johnson Soliz
Naomi Leake
Elfyn Lewis
Heather and Ivan Morison
David Nash
Magali Nougarède
Chris Nurse
Rowan O’Neill
Helen Sear
Miranda Whall
Sue Williams
Bedwyr Williams
Craig Wood
24. Drowning the DeerThe Idea of Sacrifice
25. Written in the Wind The Idea of Oracles
26. Outside EdenThe Idea of Agriculture
27. Lords of Creation The Idea of Re-shaping Nature
28. The Curse of Work The Idea of Communicating with the Spirit World The Idea of Communicating with the Spirit World The Idea of the Work-Leisure Divide
29. God Is a WomanThe Mother-Goddess Idea
30. Just Like a Woman The Idea of Sexism
31. No MercyThe Idea of Massacre
32. Take a Letter The Idea of Writing
33. Watching the FlockThe Idea of the State
34. Divine Majesty The Idea of Transmitting Status by Heredity The Idea of Transmitting Status by Heredity The Idea of the Ruler as God
35. Universal RuleThe Idea of One-World Government
36. Getting TogetherThe Idea of Marriage
17. Reading the Stars 17. Reading the Stars 37. Written in Stone The Idea of Unchanging Codes of Law
38. A Golden Age The Idea that All Humankind is Equal
39. Conquering DeathThe Idea of Eternal Monuments
40. Judgement Day The Idea of Divine Justice
41. Deo Volente The Idea of Fate
42. DreamtimeThe Idea that the World is an Illusion
Art
ists
(al
phab
etic
al) y
ISBN 9780906860632
95. Fool’s Gold72. Big Brotherhood
1400 AD
The Idea of Magic as Science 97. Here Comes the SunThe Idea of a Sun-Centred Universe
98. Prove Me Wrong The Idea of The Inductive Method
99. Cogito Ergo SumThe Idea That Individual Existence is Verifiable Universe
101. Invisible PowersThe Idea of Harnessing Natural Energy
104. Brotherhood of Man The Idea of Human Unity
106. Nasty, Brutish, ShortThe Idea of a Savage ‘State of Nature’
109. Tight MoneyThe Idea of Mercantilism
110. Laissez-Faire The Idea of the Free Market
113. Getting Better The Idea of Progress
115. Forced to Be FreeThe Idea of The General Will
117. We, The PeopleThe Idea of Representative Democracy 119. Inalienable RightsThe Idea of Human Rights
122. Many Mouths The Idea of Overpopulation 124. The Big IdeaThe Idea of Idealism 126. Perfect HarmonyThe Idea of Classical Principles in Art
72. Big BrotherhoodThe Idea of Universal Love
73. Word Made FleshThe Idea of Divine Incarnation
74. One in SubstanceThe Christian Idea of the Trinity The Christian Idea of the Trinity
75. God’s Free LoveThe Christian Idea of Grace
76. Lightning FlashThe Idea of Illumination
77. Dumbing UpThe Idea that Too Much Learning is Bad
78. Damned Time 78. Damned Time
The Christian Idea The Christian Idea of Predestination79. Wicked WorldThe Idea the Creation is Evil
80. Centre of the WorldThe Idea of Chinese Superiority The Idea of Chinese Superiority
81. This Is My BodyThe Idea of the Christian Church
82. Render Unto Caesar 82. Render Unto Caesar
The Idea of the Separation The Idea of the Separation of Church and State
The Idea of Religion as Law
84. I Am The StateThe Idea of Unrestricted Royal Power
85. The Social CharterThe Idea of the Social Contract
86. Scattered GrainsThe Idea of Japanese Superiority The Idea of Japanese Superiority
87. Noble EducationThe Meritocratic Idea
88. Noblesse Oblige 88. Noblesse Oblige The Idea of Chivalry The Idea of Chivalry
89. Love Conquers AllThe Idea of Marrying for Love
90. ImpossibilismThe Idea of Anti-Science
91. Mu The Idea of Zen
92. Sacred ArtThe Idea of Icons
93. Holy Terror The Idea of Sacred War The Idea of Sacred War
94. Christian SoldiersThe Idea of Spiritual Conquest
The Idea of the Existence of Universal Concepts The Idea of the Existence of Universal Concepts
The Idea of Rule by an Intellectual Elite
The Idea that Thought alone Created the Universe
The Idea that God loves People
We H
ave The M
irrors, We H
ave The P
lansG
ennym N
i Mae’r D
rychau, Gennym
Ni M
ae’r Cynlluniau
We Have The Mirrors, We Have The PlansGennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau
We Have The Mirrors, We Have The PlansGennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau
22 May – 4 September 2010
22 Mai – 4 Medi 2010
Contents / Cynnwys
Katie Allen
Bermingham & Robinson
Michael Cousin
Sean Edwards
Paul Emmanuel
Carwyn Evans
Peter Finnemore
Dafydd Fortt
Andy Fung
S. Mark Gubb
David Hastie
Richard Higlett
Cecile Johnson Soliz
Naomi Leake
Elfyn Lewis
Heather and Ivan Morison
David Nash
Magali Nougarède
Chris Nurse
Rowan O’Neill
Helen Sear
Miranda Whall
Sue Williams
Bedwyr Williams
Craig Wood
Foreword / Rhagair
Acknowledgments / Cydnabyddiaethau
Parting The Ideological Mist /Gwahanu’r Niwl Ideolegol
Ideas That Changed The World
Syniadau a Newidiodd y Byd
List of Works / Rhestr o Weithiau
Colophon / Coloffon
7
9
10
16
18
22
26
30
34
38
42
46
50
54
58
62
66
70
74
78
82
86
90
94
98
102
106
110
114
118
123
128
Foreword / Rhagair
ˆ
Gochelwch... Ni ydi’r artistiaid, gennym ni mae’r drychau, gennym ni mae’r cynlluniau. Mae Craig Wood yn ymwybodol o’r nifer o faniffestos, datganiadau, iwtopias a dystopias sydd yn frith yn hanes celfyddyd fodern. Sylwad cellweirus a hunan-wawdiol, â’i dafod yn ei foch, sydd ganddo am y syniad fod beth mae artistiaid yn ei wneud yn adlewyrchu cymdeithas, ac efallai yn broffwydol o’i dyfodol. Rydym yn ei dderbyn yn orfoleddus gyda’i holl eironi ac amwysedd, fel teitl i arddangosfa yn cynnwys pump ar hugain o artistiaid a phartneriaethau artistiaid, i gyd gyda’u rhagfarnau gwahanol a phawb yn gweithio mewn ffyrdd gwahanol i drio gwneud synnwyr a beth mae’n ei olygu i fod yn fyw yn yr oes yma, a chadw (o leiaf un) llygad ar y dyfodol.
Mae hon yn un o dair arddangosfa sy’n nodi ail-agor y Mostyn wedi’r ailadeiladu pwysig yn ôl dyluniad gwych y pensaer Dominic Williams. Mae disgwyliadau y gall un arddangosfa, neu hyd yn oed grwp o arddangosfeydd, ddweud y cyfan am oriel mewn un datganiad, yn afrealaidd, a’r cwbl fyddai Mostyn yn hawlio o’r arddangosfa Gennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau yw ei bod yn dangos ymroddiad yr oriel i fod yn llwyfan i’r celfyddyd gorau a gynhyrchir yng Nghymru, yn union fel mae’r ddwy arddangosfa arall sy’n agor ar yr un pryd (Amgueddfa Iard Jync o bethau Lletchwith, gan y Junkman o Afrika a Flooded McDonald’s/McDonald’s Dan Ddwr gan Superflex) yn dangos yr un ymroddiad i ddod â chelfyddyd rhyngwladol i Gymru.
Hyd yn oed o fewn ein cyd-destun cenedlaethol ni ein hunain, nid yw We Have the Mirrors, We Have the Plans/ Gennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau yn gwneud dim honiadau i fod yn gwbl ddiffiniol nac yn gynhwysfawr. Am un peth, mae nifer o artistiaid wedi cael eu diystyrru am resymau an-artistig, megis fod ganddynt arddangosfa un-dyn o’u gwaith i’w chynnal o fewn y flwyddyn nesaf, neu eu bod yn bresennol yn yr Oriel mewn cyswllt arall. Mae hon fodd bynnag yn arddangosfa gynrychioliadol mewn llawer ffordd, yn gydlynol ac wedi cael ei dewis yn fanwl, ac yn dod ag artistiaid o oedrannau tra gwahanol ac o agweddau amrywiol, at ei gilydd mewn arddangosfa o ystod arwyddocaol, grym a nwyfiant. Mae yna gynlluniau i ymgymryd â phrosiect cyffelyb bob pedair
Beware… We are the artists. We have the mirrors, we
have the plans. Craig Wood’s tongue-in-cheek take
on the notion that what artists do reflects society and
may even be prophetic of its future is self-mocking,
aware of the many manifestos, declarations, utopias
and dystopias that litter modern art history. We
gleefully take it with all its mischievous irony and
ambiguity as the title for an exhibition involving
twenty-five artists and artist partnerships, all with
their different preoccupations and all working in
different ways to try to make sense of what it means
to be alive in this time and with (at least) one eye on
the future.
It is one of three exhibitions that mark the reopening
of Mostyn after its major rebuilding to a superb design
by architect Dominic Williams. Expectations that a
single exhibition or even group of exhibitions can say,
in one grand statement, everything there is to be said
about a gallery are unrealistic, and all Mostyn would
claim for We Have The Mirrors, We Have The Plans
is that it indicates the commitment the Gallery has to
acting as a platform for the best art being produced
in Wales, just as the two exhibitions which open with
it (The Junkyard Museum of Awkward Things by The
Junkman from Afrika, and Flooded McDonald’s by
Superflex) demonstrate Mostyn’s equal commitment
to bringing international art to Wales.
Even within our own national context, We Have
The Mirrors, We Have The Plans makes no claims
to be totally definitive or fully comprehensive.
For one thing, a number of artists were left out of
consideration for non-artistic reasons, such as having
a one-person exhibition of their work due in the
forthcoming year, or having a presence at the Gallery
in other ways. It is nevertheless a representative
exhibition in many ways, coherent and rigorously
selected and bringing together artists of widely
different ages and great diversity of approach in
a show of significant range, power and vibrancy.
It is planned to undertake a similar project every
four years, so that over the long term it provides a
8
blynedd, fel y bydd yn y tymor hir yn darparu darlun unigryw o ymarfer artistig mewn lle, a’i ddatblygiad dros gyfnod o amser.
Mae llawer o waith ac ymdrech wedi mynd i greu’r arddangosfa. Mae diolch arbennig yn ddyledus i’r Peter Moores Foundation (Sefydliad Peter Moores): heb eu cyfraniad hael ni fyddai’r arddangosfa wedi bod yn bosib. Diolch hefyd i’r Colwinson Charitable Trust (Ymddiriedolaeth Elusennol Colwinson) am gefnogaeth sy’n galluogi’r catalog hwn i wneud cyfiawnder â’r arddangosfa, a bod yn hygyrch.
Rydym yn neilltuol o ddiolchgar i Amanda Farr o Oriel Davies y Drenewydd, Hannah Firth o Ganolfan Gelfyddydau Chapter, Caerdydd, Karen MacKinnon o Oriel Gelf Glynn Vivian, Abertawe, Eve Ropek o Ganolfan Gelfyddydau Aberystwyth, ac i Chris Coppock gynt o Ffotogallery Caerdydd. Fel ein Ymgynghorwyr Rhanbarthol daethant â chyfuniad o frwdfrydedd a difrifoldeb i’r dasg o enwebu artistiaid ac ysgrifennu amdanynt, oedd yn cadarnhau ein prosiect. Hoffem ddiolch hefyd i’r Athro Felipe Fernández-Armesto William P. Reynolds, Athro Hanes ym Mhrifysgol Notre Dame ac Aelod o Gyfadran Hanes Fodern ym Mhrifysgol Rhydychen, am ganiatau i’n Pennaeth Arddangosfeydd, Anders Pleass, i ddefnyddio’i lyfr Ideas That Changed The World fel fframwaith ar gyfer myfyrdodau beirniadol o blaid y gwaith celf yn yr arddangosfa.
Fel arfer mae’r diolch mwyaf yn mynd i’r saith ar hugain o artistiaid sy’n cymryd rhan, tri ar hugain o unigolion a dwy artist-bartneriaeth; eu gwaith hwy sydd yn gwneud yr arddangosfa. Roedd eu brwdfrydedd wrth ymateb i’r gwahoddiad i gymryd rhan yn wirioneddol iachusol, fel yr oedd eu parodrwydd yn llawer achos i gynnig gwaith newydd ac i weithio o fewn y cyfyngiadau anorfod a geir mewn arddangosfa grwp. Bydd ein cynulleidfa yn penderfynu i ba raddau y bydd ganddynt y drychau a’r cynlluniau.
Martin BarlowCyfarwyddwr
unique picture of artistic practice in a place and its
development over time.
Much work and effort has gone into the exhibition.
Special thanks are due to the Peter Moores
Foundation, without whose very generous support
it could not have taken place, and to the Colwinston
Charitable Trust for support allowing this catalogue
to do justice to the exhibition and to be accessible.
We are particularly grateful to Amanda Farr of
Oriel Davies Gallery, Newtown, Hannah Firth of
Chapter Arts Centre, Cardiff, Karen MacKinnon of
the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea, Eve Ropek
of Aberystwyth Arts Centre, and to Chris Coppock
formerly of Ffotogallery, Cardiff. As our Regional
Advisors they brought to the tasks of nominating
artists and writing about them a combination of
enthusiasm and seriousness that were a great
affirmation of our project. We would also like to
thank Professor Felipe Fernández-Armesto, William
P. Reynolds Professor of History at the University of
Notre Dame and Member of the Faculty of Modern
History at Oxford University, for allowing our Head
of Exhibitions, Anders Pleass, to use his book Ideas
That Changed The World as the framework for some
critical thinking in support of the art works on display.
As always the greatest thanks must go to the twenty-
seven participating artists – twenty-three individuals
and two artist partnerships – whose work makes
the exhibition. The eagerness with which they
responded to the invitation to take part was truly
refreshing, as was their willingness in many cases
to offer new work and to work within the limitations
that a large group exhibition inevitably brings. Our
audience will decide to what extent they have the
mirrors and they have the plans.
Martin Barlow
Director
Hoffai Oriel Mostyn ddiolch i’r canlynol am eu cymorth wrth osod Gennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau:
Oriel Danielle Arnaud, Llundain; Canolfan Gelfyddydau Chapter, Caerdydd; Oriel Cube, Bryste; Raymond Davies; Katy Freer; Peter Goodridge; Papurau Wal Graham & Brown; Oriel Gelf ac Amgueddfa Glynn Vivian, Abertawe; Oriel Ceri Hand, Lerpwl; Virginia Head; Julie Jones; Oriel Annely Juda, Llundain; Lauren Jury; Oriel Klompching, Efrog Newydd; Joanna Laing; Oriel Tanya Leighton, Berlin; Bleddyn Lewis; Limoncello, Llundain; Amanda McMurray; Mermaid & Monster, Caerdydd; Serena Osti; Sash Reading; Anthony Shapland; Alan Ward; Phil Williamson.
Mostyn would like to thank the following for their
assistance in mounting We Have The Mirrors, We
Have The Plans:
Marc Arkless, Danielle Arnaud Gallery, London;
Chapter Arts Centre, Cardiff; Sarah Christensen;
Cube Gallery, Bristol; Raymond Davies; Katy Freer;
Peter Goodridge; Graham & Brown Wallpapers;
Glynn Vivian Museum & Art Gallery, Swansea;
Ceri Hand Gallery, Liverpool; Virginia Head; Julie
Jones; Annely Juda Gallery, London; Lauren Jury;
Klompching Gallery, New York; Joanna Laing; Tanya
Leighton Gallery, Berlin; Bleddyn Lewis; Limoncello,
London; Amanda McMurray; Mermaid & Monster,
Cardiff; Serena Osti; Sash Reading; Anthony
Shapland; Alan Ward; Phil Williamson.
Acknowledgments / Cydnabyddiaethau
10
We Have The Mirrors, We Have The Plans has had its
genesis in a desire and a perceived need to celebrate
the reopening of Mostyn with exhibitions embodying
the gallery’s work with artists both from Wales and
from overseas. For the former, considerations of
the building’s striking new architecture, Mostyn’s
position as the largest contemporary gallery in
Wales, and the desire to stimulate critical debate in
the country, led fairly readily to a large group show
illuminating the wide range of practice in Wales,
free of constraints of age or medium and with the
participating artists nominated by leading curators
from around the country. And, for good measure,
to it’s recurring every four years, becoming over a
period of time a significant taking of the pulse.
At the same time however, and taking place over a
longer period of reflection, a development of greater
and more long-term relevance to this exhibition – and
to Mostyn’s programme of exhibitions generally – has
been the desire to address, more systematically than
hitherto, what one might call a ‘curriculum of ideas’
within the wider culture of visual art. While there are
many ways in which to do this, a busy, celebratory
exhibition such as this one, coming into being in
the way outlined above, does not seem to lend itself
most obviously to the more conventional ones, at
least in any way that could be expressed concisely
and coherently. Yet We Have The Mirrors, We Have
The Plans, through the alignment of a particular
set of ideas with some of the best artwork being
made in Wales, does offer a plausible curriculum
for consideration, one which, moreover, potentially
suggests the possibility of a different way of looking
at contemporary art in its broader philosophical
context. It is an approach suggested by the perceived
need to redress the particular orthodoxies by which
a ‘given’ or ‘assumed’ cultural theory is applied to
the work of an artist. By ‘cultural theory’ is meant
the canon of thought from Marx and Freud to the
present, particularly those aspects of it that come
under the umbrella of post-modernity. Whilst this
Cafodd Gennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau ei ddechreuad trwy awydd ac angen gweledig i ddathlu ailagor y Mostyn gydag arddangosfeydd yn ymgorffori gwaith yr oriel gydag artistiaid o Gymru ac o dramor. Rhoddwyd ystyriaeth i bensaerniaeth drawiadol yr adeilad, safle Mostyn fel yr oriel gyfoes fwyaf yng Nghymru, a’r awydd i symbylu trafodaeth feirniadol yn y wlad, ac arweiniodd hyn yn rhwydd at arddangosfa grwp fawr yn dangos ystod eang o ymarfer yng Nghymru, yn rhydd o unrhyw lyffethair oedran a chyfrwng, a’r artistiaid yn cymryd rhan wedi cael eu henwebu gan guraduron amlwg ar drws y wlad. Ac i goroni’r cyfan, cynnal arddangosfa debyg bob pedair blynedd, fydd dros gyfnod yn fodd i gadw bys ar y pyls.
Ar yr un pryd foddbynnag, ac yn cymryd lle dros gyfnod hirach o adlewyrchu, datblygiad sydd o bwys mawr a sydd yn fwy perthnasol yn y tymor hir i’r arddangosfa hon – ac i raglen arddangosfeydd Mostyn yn gyffredinol – yw’r awydd i fynd ati i gyfeirio, yn fwy trefnus nag o’r blaen, at beth ellid ei alw’n ‘gwricwlwm o syniadau’ o fewn diwylliant ehangach celfyddyd weledol. Er fod yna nifer o ffyrdd y gellid gwneud hyn, nid yw’n ymddangos fod arddangosfa brysur, ddathliadol fel hon, ddaeth i fodolaeth fel y crybwyllwyd uchod, yn cynnig ei hun yn amlwg i ffordd gonfensiynol o’i wneud, o leiaf ddim mewn ffordd y gellid ei mynegi’n gryno ac yn glir. Ond mae Gennym Ni Mae’r Drychau, Gennym Ni Mae’r Cynlluniau , trwy drefnu set arbennig o syniadau gyda rhai o’r gweithiau celf gorau sy’n cael ei wneud yng Nghymru, yn cynnig cwricwlwm credadwy i’w ystyried, un sy’n ogystal yn awgrymu yn y pen draw, ffordd wahanol o edrych ar gelfyddyd gyfoes yn ei gyd-destun athronyddol ehangach. Mae hon yn ffordd a awgrymwyd gan yr angen gweledig i unioni’r confensiynau arbennig, lle ceir theori ddiwylliannol ‘rhoddedig’ neu ‘honedig’ yn cael ei gosod ar waith artist. Ystyr ‘theori ddiwylliannol’ yw’r feddylfryd o amser Marx a Freud i’r presennol, yn enwedig yr agweddau ohoni sy’n dod o dan ambarel ôl-foderniaeth. Er fod y corff yma o wybodaeth yn ddiamheuaeth yn ddefnyddiol, mae’n debyg y gellid ei roi o’r neilltu i bwrpas yr arddangosfa hon, a chynnig meddylfryd wahanol, a thrwyddi efallai gallwn ddod i ddeall celfyddyd gyfoes.
Parting The Ideological Mist / Gwahanu’r Niwl Ideolegol
body of knowledge is undeniably useful, for the
purposes of this exhibition it can perhaps be held it to
one side, so to speak, and a somewhat different body
of thought proposed through which one might come
to an understanding of contemporary art.
In Ideas That Changed The World, published in
2003, Felipe Fernández-Armesto formulated a
register of 178 ideas drawn from the intersection
of history and philosophy, a history of ideas
encapsulating a broad and deep body of thought that
stretches back into ancient history and then forward
into our 21st century present. Fernández-Armesto’s
ideas offer an immediate and fresh appeal, combined
with the potential to capture the very particular and
profound relationship between contemporary art
and what one might call the ‘big questions in life’.
In the course of preparing this exhibition, artists were
invited to read through the list of ideas and consider
them in relation to their practice, providing a shortlist
of ten or so, of those that might be, for them, the
most important ones: the ideas that really interested
them; ideas that have the greatest significance for
their work as an artist. The goal was to have a wide
body of ideas through which to consider individual
work in the exhibition and also a means to connect
all ideas submitted by all artists, so as to arrive at a
rudimentarily speculative ‘road map’. It should be
noted, however, that the approach taken has been
purely inquisitive, conversational and not particularly
empirical. What is true is that all artists responded to
the call for their ‘ideas’ with generosity, whilst privately
a few admitted to finding the task somewhat trying at
times, as well as a little mystifying. A few approached
the task in quite particular ways: treating the list as if
it were a series of questions in a psychometric test.
Understandably, here and there, their viability or
suitability for purpose has been questioned. One
artist, tongue-in-cheek, added an idea to the list. 1
1. Me, Myself and I The idea of self. See page 46 for the context in which this addition has been proposed. It neatly sums up the populism of much contemporary art since Ideas That Changed the World was published in 2003.
1. Fi, fy hun, a fi Y syniad o hunan. Gweler tudalen 46 am y cyd-destun lle cynnigir yr hafaliad yma. Mae’n crynhoi poblyddiaeth llawer o gelfyddyd gyfoes ers pan gyhoeddwyd Ideas That Changed theWorld n 2003.
Yn Ideas That Changed The World, a gyhoeddwyd yn 2003, mae Felipe Fernández-Armesto wedi gosod rhestr o 178 o syniadau a dynnwyd o groesdorriad o hanes ac athroniaeth, hanes syniadau sy’n ymgrynhoi corff o feddwl eang a dwfn sy’n ymestyn yn ôl i hen hanes ac wedyn ymlaen i bresennol ein hunfed ganrif ar hugain. Mae syniadau Fernández-Armesto yn cynnig apêl uniongyrchol a ffres, ynghyd â’r potensial i gipio’r berthynas ddofn arbennig rhwng celfyddyd gyfoes a beth allem alw’n ‘gwestiynau mawr bywyd’.
Yn ystod paratoadau ar gyfer yr arddangosfa hon, gwahoddwyd artistiaid i ddarllen drwy’r rhestr yma o syniadau, a’u hystyried mewn perthynas â’u hymarfer, a thynnu rhestr fer o tua deg syniad a fyddai’n fwyaf pwysig iddynt hwy: dim ond y syniadau oedd o wir ddiddordeb iddynt; y syniadau oedd yn fwyaf arwyddocaol i’w gwaith hwy fel artistiaid. Y nôd oedd i gael corff eang o syniadau a thrwyddynt ystyried gwaith unigol yn yr arddangosfa, a hefyd gael ffordd i gysylltu’r holl syniadau a ddaeth i law gan yr holl artistiaid, er mwyn creu rhyw fath o ‘fap-ffordd’ dyfaliadol elfennol. Dylid nodi foddbynnag, mai agwedd hollol chwilfrydig oedd hon, sgyrsiol ac nid yn empeiraidd iawn. Beth sy’n wir yw fod yr artistiaid i gyd wedi ymateb yn hael i’r alwad am eu ‘syniadau’, ond yn breifat cyfaddefodd ambell un iddynt gael y dasg braidd yn anodd ar brydiau, yn ogystal ag ychydig yn annealladwy. Aeth ychydig ohonynt ati i wneud y dasg mewn ffyrdd penodol: yn delio â’r rhestr fel petai yn gyfres o gwestiynau mewn prawf seicometrig. Mae’n ddealladwy fod eu hymarferoldeb neu eu haddasrwydd ar gyfer y pwrpas, yma ac acw, wedi cael eu hamau. Mae un artist, â’i dafod yn ei foch, wedi ychwanegu un syniad at y rhestr.1
Yng nghatalog yr arddangosfa cyflwynir y syniadau mewn tri math. Ceir y rhestr gyflawn ar ddiwedd y traethawd hwn, ac maent yn ddigon diddorol i’w darllen yn annibynnol. Yn ychwanegol cyflwynir dewis pob artist o’i syniadau ar y tudalennau yn cyfeirio at ei waith ei hun. Wrth eu darllen tra’n edrych ar y gweithiau, mae nhw’n crynhoi gwerthfawrogiad o’u cyfraniad i’r arddangosfa hon, a gellid eu hystyried fel ffordd i
12
In this exhibition catalogue they are presented in
three forms. They are listed in full at the end of this
essay, and make for very rewarding reading purely on
their own. Additionally, each artist’s choice of ideas is
presented on the pages referring to his or her work.
Read whilst looking at the works, they round out an
appreciation of their contributions to this exhibition,
and can also be treated as a way into thinking about
an individual piece or artist. Finally, the artwork
on the cover provides a means that, for each artist,
might map their choice of idea across time, revealing
a myriad of inter-connections and relationships.
It is important to grasp the limitations of this exercise.
Just as it would be foolhardy for a single exhibition
to claim definitively to show the full extent of
contemporary art in Wales at any given moment, its
attendant contextualization likewise must remain a
work in progress. Additionally, in making use of these
ideas in this manner, one is, to a considerable extent,
subject to the same limitations that informed their
original inception: although objective, these are a
personal selection from the outset.
Since the ideas, as Fernández-Armesto has formulated
them, are chronological and go back beyond antiquity
to the Paleolithic (the oldest idea is cannibalism), it
is striking to see how the choices of our artists are
broadly scattered across that history. In keeping with
a key element of the book – that ideas that matter
today are often of ancient origin – we are reminded
that much contemporary art deals with ideas that are,
in fact, very, very old. Ideas that perhaps because of
their lack of resolution remain eternally interesting.
Overwhelmingly, their choice of ideas reflects the
fundamental preoccupation of artists with vision and
the perception of reality, in all its forms.
The single most ‘popular’ idea with these artists,
and not quite the oldest, dating from approximately
25,000 BC is ‘Parting the Mist: The idea that our
senses can be deluded’. It speaks volumes about what
artists do and the nature of art at this moment in
feddwl am ddarn unigol neu artist. Yn olaf, mae’r gwaith celf ar y clawr yn darparu ffordd fydd, i bob artist, efallai yn mapio eu dewis o syniad dros amser, a datgelu myrdd o ryng-gysylltiadau a chydberthnasau.
Mae hi’n bwysig i ddeall cyfyngiadau yr ymarfer yma. Er y byddai’n wiriondeb i un arddangosfa hawlio’n bendant i fedru ddangos y cwbl o gelfyddyd gyfoes Cymru ar un amser, yn yr un modd mae’n rhaid i’r cyd-destun sy’n dilyn aros yn waith sydd ar y gweill. Yn ychwanegol, wrth ddefnyddio’r syniadau yn y modd yma, rydym i raddau helaeth, yn gaeth i’r un cyfyngiadau a oedd yn hysbys o’u cychwyn cyntaf: er eu bod yn wrthrychol, mae nhw’n ddewisiad personol o’r dechrau.
Wrth fod y syniadau fel y gosodwyd nhw gan Fernández-Armesto, yn gronolegol ac yn mynd yn ôl ymhellach na’r oesoedd cynnar i’r oes baleolithig (y syniad hynaf yw canibaliaeth), mae hi’n drawiadol i weld sut mae dewisiadau’n hartistiaid wedi cael eu gwasgaru ar draws yr hanes hwnnw. Yn cadw at elfen bwysig yn y llyfr – fod syniadau sydd o bwys heddiw yn aml yn wreiddiol o dras hynafol – cawn ein hatgoffa fod llawer o gelfyddyd gyfoes yn delio â syniadau sydd mewn gwirionedd yn hen iawn, iawn. Syniadau sydd efallai oherwydd eu diffyg dadansoddiad yn fythol ddiddorol. Yn amlach na pheidio, mae eu dewis o syniadau yn adlewyrchu diddordeb sylfaenol artistiaid mewn gwelediad a’u dirniadaeth o realaeth, yn ei holl ffurfiau.
Y syniad unigol mwyaf ‘poblogaidd’ gan yr artistiaid yma, ac nid yr un hynaf un, yw ‘Gwahanu’r Niwl: Y syniad y gall ein synhwyrau gael eu twyllo’, yn dyddio o tua 25,000 CC. Mae’n siarad cyfrolau am beth y mae artistiaid yn ei wneud, a natur celf ar hyn o bryd. Y syniad ddaeth yn ail o ran poblogrwydd yw ‘Cysgwr: Y syniad o’r anymwybodol’. Mae hwn yn ymddangos yn yr ugeinfed ganrif ac mae’n tanlinellu cyfraniadau sylweddol Freud. Mae uchafiaeth unigol ‘Gwahanu’r Niwl’ yn adlewyrchu ymdriniaeth â phroblemau mwyaf anodd eu trin yn ymwneud â dirniadaeth, sydd yn effeithio arnom i gyd. Mae’n dangos y broses greadigol yn bennaf fel ymdrech i fod yn eglur, ac mae hyn, o wybod fod diffyg eglurdeb, camsyniadau synhwyraidd, yn greadigol
time. Running a very close second to this is ‘Sleeper:
The idea of the unconscious’. The latter emerges
in the 20th century and underlines the significant
contributions of Freud. The single primacy of ‘Parting
the Mist’ reflects concerns with the most intractable
problems of perception that affect us all. It shows
the creative process as primarily a striving for clarity,
and this equally in the knowledge that a lack of it, a
sensory delusion, is creatively nourishing. On the
other hand, Fernandez-Armesto’s conclusion that ‘the
good and evil that has flowed from Freud’s theory is
nicely balanced and objectively incalculable’ rings
true with much work in the exhibition. 2 It echoes
the balance between those for whom the issue is an
avenue towards understanding their own creativity
and those more concerned with its societal fall-out.
What is important is the manner in which these two
ideas are at the opposite ends of recorded time, are
the two ideas of most interest to these artists and are
themselves related. Taken together, they provide the
nucleus to an understanding of both the works in
this exhibition, and to a greater extent, of the wider
predicament of contemporary art today.
Below this sits a collection of six frequently cited –
though largely unrelated – ideas which might be taken
as a measure of current concerns and preoccupations:
‘Give me a Sign: The idea of symbols’, ‘Mighty and
Dreadful: The idea of death’, ‘Picture This: The idea
of artistic representation’, ‘Dreamtime: The idea
that the world is an illusion’, ‘The Second Sex: The
idea of Feminism’ and ‘Back to Nature: The idea of
Romanticism’. These might be seen as demonstrating
a certain business-as-usual for these artists. Some have
very considerable art historical underpinnings, and
they map out a sizeable proportion of work devoted
to the on-going and incomplete address of some of
the major themes of contemporary art, particularly in
relation to its own history. In a sense their presence
here is, to some extent, to be expected.
2. Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Ideas That Changed the World 2003, London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. p. 357.
2. Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Ideas That Changed the World 2003, Llundain: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. tud. 357 .
faethlon. Ar y llaw arall, mae casgliad Fernández-Armesto fod ‘ y da a’r drwg a lifodd o theori Freud wedi cydbwyso’n dda ac mae’n wrthrychol anfesuradwy’ yn cydfynd â llawer o waith yn yr arddangosfa.2 Mae’n adleisio’r cydbwysedd rhwng y rheini y mae’r mater yn gymorth iddynt i ddeall eu creadigrwydd eu hunain, a’r rheini sydd yn meddwl mwy am ei ganlyniadau cymdeithasol. Beth sy’n bwysig yw’r ffaith bod y ddau syniad yma wedi eu lleoli ar ddau begwn amser, y rhain yw’r ddau syniad mwyaf poblogaidd gan yr artistiaid, ac mae’r ddau syniad yn perthyn i’w gilydd. O’u cymryd gyda’i gilydd mae nhw’n darparu cnewyllyn i ddeallusrwydd o’r gwaith yn yr arddangosfa, ac i raddau helaeth i ddeallusrwydd o gyfyng-gyngor ehangach celfyddyd gyfoes heddiw, yn ogystal.
Isod ceir casgliad o chwech o syniadau a ddyfynnir yn aml, ac er nad ydynt yn perthyn i’w gilydd, mae nhw’n syniadau a allai gael eu cymryd fel mesur o’r gofidiau a diddordebau cyfredol: ‘Rhowch Arwydd i Mi: Y syniad o symbolau’, ‘Grymus ac Ofnadwy: Y syniad o farwolaeth’, ‘Dychmygwch Hyn: Y syniad o gynrychiolaeth artistig’, ‘Amser Breuddwydio: Y syniad fod y byd yn rhith’, ‘Yr Ail Rywogaeth, Y syniad o ffeminyddiaeth’, a ‘Yn ôl i Natur: Y syniad o ramantiaeth’. Gellid dweud fod y rhain yn dangos rhywbeth arferol, cyffredin i’r artistiaid. Mae gan rhai seiliau sylweddol mewn celfyddyd hanesyddol, ac maent yn mapio allan gyfrannau mawr o waith wedi ei gysegru i barhau i ymwneud â rhai o themau pwysig celfyddyd gyfoes, yn enwedig mewn perthynas â’i hanes ei hun. Mewn ffordd, mae eu presenoldeb yma yn ddisgwyliedig i rhyw raddau.
Yn drydydd, ceir pâr o syniadau sy’n ymddangos eu bod yn cefnogi ‘Gwahanu’r Niwl’. Y ddau yw ‘Y Gwagle Mawr: Y syniad o ddim’, a ‘Realaeth Wedi Ei Datgelu: Y syniad o’r haniaethol’. Eto, mae’n drawiadol mor agos y mae’r syniadau yma at ei gilydd, ac fel y maent yn wedi dod yn gydradd drydydd mwyaf poblogaidd gan yr artistiaid. Maent yn adlewyrchu’n gryf y ffyrdd artisig, yn enwedig yn achos yr haniaethol, tuag at ddelio â’r un prif beth yn yr arddangosfa hon: delio â chamsyniadau synhwyraidd.
14
Thirdly, there follows a pair of ideas that appear
to act in support of ‘Parting the Mist’. These are
‘The Great Void: The idea of nothing’ and ‘Reality
Unveiled: The idea of abstraction’. Again, it is striking
how closely related these ideas are to each other
and how, in the hands of these artists they find
themselves tied as the third most popular choices.
They reflect strongly the artistic routes, particularly
in the case of abstraction, towards dealing with the
single greatest issue in this exhibition: The address of
sensory delusion.
Finally, we have a fairly extensive list of ideas to
follow up on these major groupings above. They
bring up the rear, so to speak: ‘All Change: The idea
of a dynamic universe’, ‘Man is the Measure: The
idea that truth is relative’, ‘Neverland: The utopian
idea’, ‘Uncertainty: The idea of the implicated
observer’, ‘The New Illusion: The idea that reality is
unknowable’, ‘My Country: The idea of Nationalism’,
‘Extreme Optimism: The idea of Socialism’, ‘Chaos
Theory: The idea of unpredictability’, ‘Silent Springs:
The idea of Environmentalism’, and ‘Global Village:
The idea of cultural pluralism’. Unlike the earlier
group that are perhaps more closely tied to more
formal concerns, these might be read as indicators of
future direction.
Below this we are in the realm of idiosyncratic
individual choices, and the variety is extensive,
although of as much interest are those ideas
neglected by the artists. A number of ideas
are, understandably of no appeal, given their
particularity, ‘Scattered Grains: The idea of Japanese
superiority’, for example. A larger group that might
attract interest, however, do not: ‘Philosopher Kings:
The idea of rule by an intellectual elite’, ‘The Social
Charter: The idea of the social contract’, ‘Inalienable
Rights: The idea of human rights’, ‘Spending for
Wealth: The idea of welfare economics’, ‘Watching
the Flock: The idea of the state’ and, ‘Forced to be
Free: The idea of the general will’ all garnered no
interest. These ideas, emerging as they do from the
Yn olaf, mae gennym restr weddol hir o syniadau i ddilyn y grwpiadau mawr uchod. Mae nhw’n dilyn o’r cefn, fel petae: ‘Pawb i Newid: Y syniad o fydysawd deinamig’, ‘Dyn yw’r Mesur: Y syniad fod gwirionedd yn gymharol’, ‘Neverland: Y syniad Iwtopaidd’, ‘Ansicrwydd: Y syniad o wyliwr cysylltiedig’, ‘Yr Hudoliaeth Newydd: Y syniad nad yw realaeth yn wybodol’, ‘Fy Ngwlad: Y syniad o Genedlaetholdeb’, ‘Optimistiaeth Eithafol: Y syniad o sosialaeth’, ‘Theori Anrhefn: Y syniad o anrhagweladwyedd’, ‘Ffrydiau Tawel: Y syniad o amgylcheddaeth’, a ‘Pentref Byd-Eang: Y syniad o luosogaeth diwylliannol’. Yn annhebyg i’r grwp blaenorol sydd yn fwy cysylltiedig â materion mwy ffurfiol, gall y rhain gael eu gweld fel arwyddion o gyfeiriad y dyfodol.
O’r fan yma ymlaen rydym yn nhiriogaeth dewisiadau personol mympwyol, ac mae’r amrywiaeth yn eang, ond mae’r syniadau a hepgorwyd gan yr artistiaid yn llawn mor ddiddorol. Oherwydd eu neilltuolrwydd nid yw rhai o’r syniadau o ddim diddordeb i’r artistiaid: ‘Hadau Gwasgaredig: Y syniad o uchafiaeth Siapaneaidd’, er enghraifft. Roedd grwp mwy a allasai fod wedi bod o ddiddordeb: ‘Brenhinoedd-Athronwyr: Y syniad o reoli gan oreugwyr deallusol’, ‘Y Siarter Cymdeithasol: Y syniad o’r cytundeb cymdeithasol’, ‘Iawnderau Diymwad: Y syniad o iawnderau dynol’, ‘Gwario Er Mwyn Cyfoeth: Y syniad o economeg lles’, ‘Gwylioi’r Praidd: Y syniad o’r dalaeth’, a ‘Gorfodaeth i Fod yn Rhydd: Y syniad o’r ewyllys gyffredinol’, – nid oedd dim diddordeb gan yr artistiaid yn y rhain. Daw y syniadau yma o amser y Diwygiad a’r Oes Oleuedig yn ystod yr ail ganrif ar bymtheg a’r ddeunawfed ganrif, ac ymddangosant yn ddiwerth yn y cyd-destun yma. Pam? Er fod yr atebion yn gymhleth, mae nhw’n neilltuol o berthnasol wrth ail-ystyried pwrpas theori ddiwylliannol yr artist. Mae rheolwriaethu cyfun (gwleidyddol) gwybodaeth yn sffêr celfyddyd gyfoes ers chwe-degau’r ugeinfed ganrif wedi arwain at rhyw uniongrededd arbennig, sydd wedi cymhlethu ei ddirniadaeth yn arw. Mae’n drawiadol na ddewisodd yr un o’r artistiaid y syniadau a oedd yn nghanol hyn. Mae’n anodd gweld hyn fel adlewyrchiad o naïfrwydd ar ran yr artistiaid. Yn hytrach, mae’n dangos yn iawn ddyraniad llafur defnyddiol, ac
Reformation and Enlightenment, in the 17th and
18th centuries, would seem to have no value in this
context. Why is this? Although complex, the answers
are particularly germane when re-considering
the function of cultural theory for the artist. The
comprehensive (political) managerialisation of
knowledge in the sphere of contemporary art since
the 1960s has resulted in a certain orthodoxy that
has profoundly complicated its perception. It is
striking that none of these artists have chosen ideas
that lie at the heart of this. It is hard to see this as
reflecting a naïveté on the part of the artist. Rather,
it properly demonstrates a useful division of labour,
and both sides are the richer for it. This way of
looking at art, concretely through ideas, plots out
new territory for both artist and gallery-goer alike
and, most importantly perhaps, affirms the gallery of
contemporary art as an ideological institution – if not
in the political sense, then certainly in the sense that
‘ideas through art’ are what the Mostyn is all about.
The ‘use of ideas’ as applied here is one of many
possible avenues that might have been taken with an
exhibition of this nature. Perhaps a novel curatorial
framework for it should be called for every four
years, one with which to provide structure to the
survey into the future. The fundamental thinking
that, when seen as a vital conduit of ideas (and
with an appreciation of their incredible variety)
contemporary art ceases to be the limited specialism
some would have it be, remains intact. Whilst the
testing of contemporary art against the broadest
ideas in history may have its pitfalls, it serves the
Mostyn well at this critical juncture: an opening salvo
in a more mature debate about the scope, extent
and aspiration of contemporary art in Wales that the
growth of the gallery demands.
Anders Pleass
Head of Exhibitions
mae’r ddwy ochr yn elwa ohono. Mae’r ffordd yma o edrych ar gelfyddyd, yn sylweddol drwy syniadau, yn amlinellu tiriogaeth newydd i’r artist a’r ymwelydd i’r oriel fel ei gilydd, ac yn fwyaf pwysig efallai, maent yn cadarnhau yr oriel gelf gyfoes fel sefydliad ideolegol – nid mewn ystyr gwleidyddol efallai, ond yn bendant yn yr ystyr mai ‘syniadau trwy gelf’ ydi beth mae’r Mostyn yn ei olygu.
Mae’r ‘defnydd o syniadau’ fel y cyfeirir ato yma, yn un o’r llawer o ffyrdd y gallasai’r oriel fod wedi eu dilyn gydag arddangosfa o’r math yma. Efallai y dylid cael fframwaith guradurol newydd iddi bob pedair blynedd, un a fyddai’n darparu strwythur i’r arolwg i’r dyfodol. Y farn sylfaenol y byddai celfyddyd gyfoes, wrth gael ei gweld fel sianel hanfodol o syniadau (a gyda gwerthfawrogiad o’u hamrywiaeth anhygoel) yn peidio â bod yn arbenigedd cyfyngedig fel y byddai rhai yn dymuno, ond yn parhau yn gyfan. Er fod profi celfyddyd gyfoes yn erbyn y syniadau ehangaf mewn hanes yn gallu bod yn llawn rhwystrau, mae’n dda i’r Mostyn yn y cyswllt pwysig hwn: rownd agoriadol mewn trafodaeth fwy aeddfed am ystod, maint a dyhead celfyddyd gyfoes yng Nghymru, dyna beth mae tyfiant yr oriel yn ei fynnu.
Anders PleassPennaeth Arddangosfeydd
16
Eating People The idea of cannibalism
Give Me a Sign The idea of symbols
Parting the Mist The idea that our senses can be deluded
All Things are Invisible The idea of a spirit world
Fly Like an Eagle The idea of transformation into animal or god
The Vision Thing The idea of communicating with the spirit world
The Golden Key The idea of controlling nature through magic
May the Force… The idea of a purposeful universal force
No Dice The idea of an orderly universe
Around the Clock The idea of measuring time
Mighty and Dreadful The idea of death
Buried Goods The idea of the afterlife
The Family Silver The idea of transmitting status by heredity
Take, Eat The idea of proscribing certain foods
A Family Affair The idea of regulating incest
Picture This The idea of artistic representation
Reading the Stars The astrological idea
Seeing Double The idea of a two-fold cosmos
Good and Evil The idea of a universal morality
Black Magic The idea of witchcraft
Animal Magic The idea of totemism
Eat, Drink The idea of the ritual sharing of food
Fair Exchange The idea of trade
Drowning the Deer The idea of sacrifice
Written in the Wind The idea of oracles
Outside Eden The idea of agriculture
Lords of Creation The idea of re-shaping nature
The Curse of Work The idea of the work-leisure divide
God is a Woman The mother-goddess idea
Just like a Woman The idea of sexism
No Mercy The idea of massacre
Take a Letter The idea of writing
Watching the Flock The idea of the state
Divine Majesty The idea of the ruler as god
Universal Rule The idea of one-world government
Getting Together The idea of marriage
Written in Stone The idea of unchanging law codes
A Golden Age The idea that all humankind is equal
Conquering Death The idea of eternal monuments
Judgement Day The idea of divine justice
Deo Volente The idea of fate
Dreamtime The idea that the world is an illusion
All is One The idea of monism
Books of Truth The idea of infallible holy scripture
The New Illusion The idea that reality is unknowable
All Change The idea of a dynamic universe
Time’s Arrow The idea of time as a linear progression
Exquisite Reason The rationalist idea
Not a Horse The idea of the existence of universal concepts
Man is the Measure The idea that truth is relative
Count on This The idea that numbers are real
If x Then y The idea of logical proof
Matter Matters The materialist idea
Smashing Atoms The idea of atoms
Against Supernature The idea of science
Nothing Matters The idea of a purposeless world
Scientific Method The Taoist idea of knowledge
Good Humours The idea of medicine as science not magic
Ethical Beings The idea that human nature is moral
Top Ape The idea of human superiority
Return of the Soul The idea of reincarnation
Happiness First The idea of practical ethics
A Capital Idea The idea that capitalism is good
Legalism The idea that law and order come first
Rule of the Best The idea of republican government
Human Bondage The idea of natural slavery
Philosopher-Kings The idea of rule by an intellectual elite
The Great Void The idea of nothing
Power of Thought The idea that thought alone created the universe
No God but God The idea of one all-powerful deity
Love Above The idea that God loves people
Big Brotherhood The idea of universal love
Word made Flesh The idea of divine incarnation
One in Substance The Christian idea of the trinity
God’s Free Love The Christian idea of grace
Lightning Flash The idea of illumination
Dumbing Up The idea that too much learning is bad
Damned Time The Christian idea of predestination
Wicked World The idea that creation is evil
Centre of the World The idea of Chinese superiority
This is my Body The idea of the Christian church
Render unto Caesar The idea of the separation of church and state
Islam The idea of religion as law
I Am The State The idea of unrestricted royal power
The Social Charter The idea of the social contract
Scattered Grains The idea of Japanese superiority
Noble Education The meritocratic idea
Noblesse Oblige The idea of chivalry
Love Conquers All The idea of marrying for love
Impossibilism The idea of anti-science
Ideas That Changed The World
Mu The idea of Zen
Sacred Art The idea of icons
Holy Terror The idea of sacred war
Christian Soldiers The idea of spiritual conquest
Fool’s Gold The idea of magic as science
Small World The mistaken idea of a smaller earth
Here Comes The Sun The idea of a sun-centred universe
Prove me Wrong The idea of the inductive method
Cogito Ergo Sum The idea that individual existence is verifiable
Fallen Apple The idea of an engineered universe
Invisible Powers The idea of harnessing natural energy
Little Pests The idea of microscopic life-forms
State First The idea of the overriding interest of the state
Brotherhood of Man The idea of human unity
Law of Nations The idea of international order
Nasty, Brutish, Short The idea of a savage ‘state of nature’
Heaven’s Order The Chinese idea of popular sovereignty
Price for Everything The idea of monetary theory
Tight Money The idea of mercantilism
Laissez-faire The idea of the free market
Workers Unite The idea of the labour theory of value
Neverland The utopian idea
Getting Better The idea of progress
Cleansing The Temple The idea of anticlericalism
Force to be Free The idea of the general will
The Noble Savage The idea of primitive virtue
We, the People The idea of representative democracy
Nation in Arms The idea of the citizen-warrior
Inalienable Rights The idea of human rights
Promontory of Asia The idea of Europe
The Second Sex The idea of feminism
Many Mouths The idea of overpopulation
If it Ain’t Broke… The idea of conservatism
Just Say No The idea of civil disobedience
The Big Idea The idea of idealism
Reality Unveiled The idea of abstraction
Perfect Harmony The idea of classical principles in art
Back to Nature The idea of romanticism
My Country The idea of nationalism
The Doll’s House New ideas of childhood and womanhood
Extreme Optimism The idea of socialism
Class Struggle The idea of an historical dialectic
The Greatest Good The idea of utilitarianism
The Third Way The idea of Christian socialism
Less is More The idea of anarchism
Climate of Fear The idea of terrorism
Will to Power Nietzsche’s idea of the primacy of the will
Hero Inside The idea of the superman
Brother Knows Best The idea of the unchallengeable state
By Other Means The idea of total war
Master Morality The idea that might is right
War is Good The idea that war improves society
Chosen Victims The idea of anti-semitism
Inferior by Nature The idea of scientific racism
Tooth and Claw The idea of natural selection
Good Breeding The idea of eugenics
Atheist Faith The idea of godless humanism
Calculating Machine The idea of artificial intelligence
Master Race The idea of German superiority
Rule, Britannia The idea of British superiority
East Meets West The Indian idea of westernization
Asian Renaissance The Chinese idea of self-strengthening
American Dream The idea of American exceptionalism
Manifest Destiny The idea of American expansionism
Dr. Strangelove The idea of a weapon to end war
Warped Universe The idea of relativity
Uncertainty The idea of the implicated observer
Chaos Theory The idea of unpredictability
Common Sense The idea of pragmatism
Their Own Terms The idea of cultural relativism
Sleeper The idea of the unconscious
Little Man The idea of child development
Back To Basics The idea of religious fundamentalism
Many Ways The idea of religious pluralism
Axe In The Sticks The idea of fascism
Spending For Wealth The idea of welfare economics
A Better World The idea of universal welfare
Solid Foundations The idea of spontaneous social order
Peasant Socialism The Maoist idea of communism
Road to Freedom The idea of existentialism
Black is Beautiful The idea of pride in black culture
Out of Africa The idea that humans originated in Africa
The Great Chain The idea of manipulating the code of life
Intelligence Test The idea of genetic determinism
Silent Springs The idea of environmentalism
Fast Talking The idea that language is innate
The Great Satan The idea of anti-Americanism
Global Village The idea of cultural pluralism
18
Syniadau a Newidiodd y Byd
Bwyta Pobl Y syniad o ganibaliaeth
Rhowch Arwydd i Mi Y syniad o symbolau
Gwahanu’r Niwl Y syniad y gall ein syniadau gael eu twyllo
Popeth Anweledig Y syniad o fyd ysbrydol popeth
Hedfan Fel Eryr Y syniad o drawsnewid i anifail neu dduw
Y Peth Gweledigaeth Yna Y syniad o gyfathrebu â’r byd ysbrydol
Yr Allwedd Aur Y syniad o reoli natur trwy ddewiniaeth
Boed i’r Grym... Y syniad o rym gyffredinol bwrpasol
Dim Dis Y syniad o fydysawd drefnus
Rownd y Cloc Y syniad o fesur amser
Grymus ac Ofnadwy Y syniad o farwolaeth
Nwyddau wedi’i Claddu Y syniad o’r byd nesaf
Pethau Arian y Teulu Y syniad o drosglwyddo statws trwy etifeddiaeth
Cymerwch, Bwytewch Y syniad o wahardd rhai bwydydd
Mater Teuluol Y syniad o reoleiddio llosgach
Dychmygwch Hyn Y syniad o gynrychiolaeth artistig
Darllen y Ser Y syniad astrolegol
Gweld Dwbl Y syniad o gosmos deublyg
Da a Drwg Y syniad o foesoldeb cyffredinol
Dewiniaeth Ddu Y syniad o ddewiniaeth
Dewiniaeth Anifeiliaid Y syniad o dotemiaeth
Bwytewch, Yfwch Y syniad o rannu bwyd defodol
Cyfnewid Teg Y syniad o fasnach
Boddi’r Ceirw Y syniad o aberthu
Ysgrifenedig yn y Gwynt Y syniad o oracl
Tu Allan i Eden Y syniad o amaethyddiaeth
Duwiau’r Creu Y syniad o ail-ffurfio natur
Melltith Gwaith Y syniad o’r rhaniad rhwng gwaith/hamdden
Dynes yw Duw Y syniad o’r fam-dduwies
Union fel Dynes Y syniad o rywiaeth
Dim Trugaredd Y syniad o laddfa
Cymrwch Lythyr Y syniad o ysgrifennu
Gwylio’r Praidd Y syniad o dalaeth
Urddas Dwyfol Y syniad o’r rheolwr fel duw
Rheolaeth Gyffredinol Y syniad o lywodraeth un-byd
Dod at Eich Gilydd Y syniad o briodas
Ysgrifenwyd ar Garreg Y syniad o godau cyfraith di-newid
Oes Aur Y syniad fod yr holl ddynolryw yn gyfartal
Gorchfygu Marwolaeth Y syniad o gofgolofnau bythol
Dydd y Farn Y syniad o gyfiawnder dwyfol
Deo Volente Y syniad o ffawd
Amser Breuddwydio Y syniad fod y byd yn rhith
Popeth yn Un Y syniad o fonyddiaeth
Llyfrau o Wirionedd Y syniad o ysgrythur sanctaidd anffaeledig
Yr Hudoliaeth Newydd Y syniad nad yw realaeth yn wybodol
Pawb i Newid Y synaid o fydysawd ddeinamig
Saeth Amser Y syniad fod amser yn ddatblygiad llinellol
Rheswm Cain Y syniad rhesymegol
Nid Ceffyl Y syniad o fodolaeth cysyniadau cyffredinol
Dyn yw’r Mesur Y syniad fod gwirionedd yn berthynol
Cyfrwch Myn Y syniad for rhifau yn real
Os yw x yn... Bydd y yn... Y syniad o brawf rhesymegol
Mae Mater yn Cyfri Y syniad materol
Malu Atomau Y syniad o atomau
Yn Erbyn Gwrthnaturaeth Y syniad o wyddoniaeth
Does dim yn Cyfri Y syniad o fyd dibwrpas
Dull Gwyddonol Y syniad taoaidd o wybodaeth
Hwyliau da Y syniad o feddyginiaeth fel gwyddoniaeth ac nid hud
Bodau Dynol Y syniad fod y natur ddynol yn foesol
Prif Epa Y syniad o oruchafiaeth dynol
Dychwel yr Enaid Y syniad o ailymgnawdoli
Hapusrwydd Gyntaf Y syniad o foeseg ymarferol
Prif Syniad Y syniad fod cyfalafiaeth yn dda
Cyfreithioldeb Y syniad fod cyfraith a threfn yn dod gyntaf
Y Gorau’n Rheoli Y syniad o lywodraeth weriniaethol
Caethiwed Dynol Y syniad o gaethwasanaeth naturiol
Brenhinoedd-Athronwyr Y syniad o reoli gan oreugwyr deallusol
Y Gwagle Mawr Y syniad o ddim
Grym Meddwl Y syniad mai meddwl yn unig a greodd y bydysawd
Dim Duw ond Duw Y syniad o un duwiaeth cwbl rymus
Cariad Goruwch Y syniad fod duw yn caru pobl
Byd y ‘Brawd Mawr’ Y syniad o gariad byd eang
Y Gair a Wnaethpwyd yn Gnawd Y syniad o ymgnawdoliad dwyfol
Un Mewn Sylwedd Y syniad cristnogol o’r drindod
Caraid Rhad Duw Y syniad cristnogol o ras
Golau Mellt Y syniad o oleuni
Mynd yn Dwp Y syniad fod gormod o addysg yn ddrwg
Amser Felltith Y synaid cristnogol o ragordeiniad
Byd Drwg Y syniad fod y greadigaeth yn ddieflig
Canol y Byd Y syniad o uchafiaeth sineaidd
Hwn yw fy Nghorff Y syniad o’r eglwys gristnogol
Eiddo Cesar i Gesar Y syniad o wahanu’r eglwys a’r wladwriaeth
Islam Y syniad o grefydd fel cyfraith
Fi ydi’r Wladwriaeth Y syniad o rym brenhinol dillyffethair
Y Siarter Cymdeithasol Y syniad o’r cytundeb cymdeithasol
Hadau Gwasgaredig Y syniad o uchafiaeth siapaneaidd
Addysg Fonheddig Y syniad meritocrataidd
Bonedd a Ddwg Gyfrifoldeb Y syniad o sifalri
Serch Orchfyga Bopeth Y syniad o briodi am serch
Amhosibilrwydd Y syniad o wrth-wyddoniaeth
Mu Y syniad o Zen
Celfyddyd Gysegredig Y syniad o eiconau
Arswyd Sanctaidd Y syniad o ryfel cysygredig
Milwyr Cristnogol Y syniad o orchfygiad ysbrydol
Aur Ffyliaid Y syniad o hud fel gwyddoniaeth
Byd Bach Y camsyniad o fyd llai
Mae’r Haul yn Dod Y syniad o fydysawd haul-ganolog
Profwch fi’n Anghywir Y syniad o’r dull anwythol
Cogito Ergo Sum Y syniad fod bodolaeth unigolyn yn brofadwy
Afal Disgynedig Y syniad o fydysawd wedi ei beirianyddu
Grymoedd Anweledig Y syniad o ffrwyno ynni naturiol
Plau Bychain Y syniad o ffurfiau byw meicrosgopig
Gwladwriaeth Gyntaf Y syniad o’r diddordeb pennaf yn y wladwriaeth
Brawdoliaeth Dyn Y syniad o undeb dynol
Cyfraith y Gwledydd Y syniad o drefn rhyngwladol
Cas, Anifeilaidd, Byr Y syniad o ‘gyflwr natur’ anwaraidd
Trefn Nefolaidd Y syniad sineaidd o frenhiniaeth boblogaidd
Pris am Bopeth Y syniad o theori ariannol
Pres yn Dynn Y syniad o mercantiliaeth
Laissez-Faire Y syniad o’r farchnad rhydd
Unwch Weithwyr Y syniad o’r theori lafur am werth
Neverland Y syniad iwtopaidd
Gwella Y syniad o gynnydd
Glanhau’r Deml Y syniad o wrth-glerigaeth
Gorfodaeth i Fod yn Rhydd Y syniad o’r ewyllys gyffredinol
Y Nobel Ffyrnig Y syniad o rinwedd cyntefig
Ni, y Bobl Y syniad o ddemocratiaeth gynrychioladol
Gwlad yn Ymarfogi Y syniad o filwr-ddinasydd
Hawliau Annhrosglwyddadwy Y syniad o hawlaiu dynol
Penrhyn Asia Y syniad o ewrop
Yr Ail Rywogaeth Y syniad o ffeministiaeth
Nifer o Gegau Y syniad o orboblogaeth
Os Nad yw Wedi Torri... Y syniad o geidwadaeth
Dim ond Dweud na Y syniad o anufudd-dod sifil
Y Syniad Mawr Y syniad o ddelfrydedd
Realaeth Wedi ei Datgelu Y syniad o ladrad
Harmoni Perffaith Y syniad o egwyddorion mewn celfyddyd
Yn ôl i Natur Y syniad o ramantaeth
Fy Ngwlad Y syniad o genedlaetholdeb
Y Ty Dol Syniadau newydd am blentyndod a benywdod
Optimistiaeth Eithafol Y syniad o sosialaeth
Brwydr y Dosbarthiadau Y syniad o ddialectig hanesyddol
Y da Gorau Y syniad o lesyddiaeth
Y Drydedd Ffordd Y syniad o sosialaeth gristnogol
Mae Llai yn Fwy Y syniad o anrhefn
Hinsawdd o Ofn Y syniad o frawyddiaeth
Ewyllys Grym Syniad Nietzsche o uchafiaeth ewyllys
Arwr tu Mewn Y syniad o superman
Brawd sy’n Gwybod Orau Y syniad o’r wladwriaeth anamheus
Trwy Ddull Gwahanol Y syniad o ryfel pendant
Prif Foesau Y syniad mai grym sy’n iawn
Mae Rhyfel yn Dda Y syniad fod rhyfel yn gwella cymdeithas
Dioddefwyr Dewisiedig Y syniad o wrth-semitiaeth
Israddol wrth Natur Y syniad o hiliaeth gwyddoniaethol
Dant ac Ewin Y syniad o ddewisiad naturiol
Magwrfa Dda Y syniad o ewgenedd
Cred Anffyddiol Y syniad o ddynoliaeth di-dduw
Peiriant Cyfri Y syniad o wybodusrwydd artiffisial
Prif Hil Y syniad o uchafiaeth almaeneg
Rule Britannia Y syniad o uchafiaeth prydain
Dwyrain yn Cyfarfod â’r Gorllewin Y syniad indiaidd o orllewineiddio
Dadeni Asia Y syniad sineaidd o hunan-gryfhau
Breuddwyd Americanaidd Y syniad o hynodrwydd Americanaidd
Tynged Amlwg Y syniad o ehangaieth Americanaidd
Dr. Strangelove Y syniad o arf i ddiweddu rhyfel
Bydysawd Wyrdroedig Y syniad o berthynoledd
Ansicrwydd Y syniad o wyliwr cysylltiedig
Theori Anrhefn Y syniad o anrhagweladwyedd
Synnwyr Cyffredin Y syniad o bragmatistiaeth
Ar eu Telerau ei Hunain Y syniad o berthynoledd diwylliedig
Cysgwr Y syniad o’r anymwybodol
Dyn Bach Y syniad o ddatblygiad plentyn
Yn ôl i’r Sylfaenol Y syniad o ffwndamentaliaeth grefyddol
Llawer Ffordd Y syniad o luosogaeth grefyddol
Bwyell yn y Coed Y syniad o ffasciaeth
Gwario er Mwyn cyfoeth Y syniad o economeg lles
Byd Gwell Y syniad o les ar draws y byd
Seiliau Cadarn Y syniad o drefn gymdeithasol ddigymell
Sosialaeth y Gwerinwr Syniad maoaidd o gomiwnyddiaeth
Y Ffordd i Ryddid Y syniad o ddirfodaeth
Mae du yn Hardd Y syniad o falchder mewn diwylliant du
Allan o Affrica Y syniad fod dynoliaeth yn wreiddiol o Affrica
Y Gadwyn Fawr Y syniad o ymdrin â chôd bywyd
Prawf Deallusrwydd Y syniad o benderfyniaeth genetegol
Ffrydiau Tawel Y syniad o amgylcheddaeth
Siarad yn Gyflym Y syniad fod iaith yn gynhenid
Y Diafol Mawr Y syniad o wrth-Americaniaeth
Pentref Byd-eang Y syniad o luosogaeth diwylliannol
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Artists / Artistiaid
Katie Allen
Bermingham & Robinson
Michael Cousin
Sean Edwards
Paul Emmanuel
Carwyn Evans
Peter Finnemore
Dafydd Fortt
Andy Fung
S. Mark Gubb
David Hastie
Richard Higlett
Cecile Johnson Soliz
Naomi Leake
Elfyn Lewis
Heather and Ivan Morison
David Nash
Magali Nougarède
Chris Nurse
Rowan O’Neill
Helen Sear
Miranda Whall
Sue Williams
Bedwyr Williams
Craig Wood
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Wedi ei gwreiddio’n gadarn yn nhraddodiadau’r stiwdio, mae paentiadau Allen yn eithriadol o ddeniadol i’r llygad. Maent yn ein hatgoffa o’r cyswllt diamser sydd rhwng celf a harddwch. Mae pob un yn ymarfer feistrolgar mewn harmonïau o liw, graddfa a ffurf, ac mae nhw’n arddangos manylder gweledol hynod.
Mae ei darluniau’n deillio o’i phrofiad agos o natur, ac er mor gymhleth y canlyniadau, mae’n baradocs pa mor anffurfiol, ond gwirioneddol ddiamgyffred yw’r broses. Mae ymarfer Allen yn brism, a thrwyddo mae beth sydd ‘allan yna’ yn cael ei adlewyrchu i greu gweledigaeth bersonol unigryw. Mae nifer dirifedi o ffurfiau naturiol yn cael eu torri i lawr i luniau bach syml, sydd yn eu tro yn cael eu hailddefnyddio mewn cyfanwaith tynn a reolwyd yn gelfydd. Yn arwyddocaol, mae gwahaniaethau cynnil o liw ac arlliw yn cael eu hadeiladu’n graffegol, yn caniatau i nifer fawr o gyfeiriadau hanesyddol a diwylliannol frwydro am sylw ar draws wyneb y darlun: mosaic a gwydr lliw, minaturau Persaidd ac Indiaidd, caligraffi Arabaidd, symbolaeth Rwsaidd, art deco Vienaidd, seicedelia’r 70au.
Mae’n anodd dychmygu’r tirweddau yma fel llefydd real. Efallai mai’r rhain yw’r tirweddau a’r golyfeydd delfrydol yn y meddwl. Cefndiroedd ydynt i straeon tylwyth-teg. Foddbynnag, yn wahanol i stori dylwyth teg go iawn, nid ydynt yn cynnwys unrhyw foeswers, ac felly’n arddangos rhyw benbleth fodern iawn yr ydym i gyd yn rhan ohoni, rhwng tirwedd a beirianwyd yn y meddwl, ac un a beirianwyd mewn realaeth ymarferol. (AP)
Rhowch Ardwydd i Mi Y syniad o symbolauY Peth Gweledigaeth Yna Y syniad o gyfathrebu â’r byd ysbrydolDychmygwch Hyn Y syniad o gynrychiolaeth artistigDuwiau’r Creu Y syniad o ail-ffurfio naturGorchfygu Marwolaeth Y syniad o gofgolofnau bytholAmser Breuddwydio Y syniad fod y byd yn rhithYr Hudoliaeth Newydd Y syniad nad yw realaeth yn wybodolPawb i Newid Y synaid o fydysawd ddeinamigGolau Mellt Y syniad o oleuniCelfyddyd Gysegredig Y syniad o eiconau
Firmly grounded in the traditions of the studio,
Allen’s paintings are immensely seductive to the
eye. They remind us of the timeless bond of art and
beauty. Each is a masterful exercise in the harmonies
of colour, scale and form, and demonstrates a
remarkable visual acuity.
Her pictures derive from her immediate experience
of nature, although given the complexity of the
results, it is a paradox how informal yet truly
mysterious this process is. Allen’s practice is a prism
through which what’s ‘out there’ is refracted into
a unique personal vision. Countless natural forms
are boiled down to simple motifs, that are, each in
their turn, re-deployed in a tight and seamlessly
orchestrated whole. Significantly, subtle variations
of tone and colour are built up graphically, allowing
for a plethora of historical and cultural references to
jostle for attention across the picture plane: mosaic
and stained glass, Persian and Indian miniatures,
Arabic calligraphy, Russian symbolism, Viennese art
deco, 70s psychedelia.
It is hard to conceive of these landscapes as real
places. They are perhaps the idealized landscapes
and vistas of the mind. They are backdrops to
fairytales. However, unlike a proper fairytale, they
appear to contain no moral, thus demonstrating a
very modern indecision in which we all have a stake,
between a landscape engineered in the mind, and
one engineered in practical reality. (AP)
Give me a Sign The idea of symbolsThe Vision Thing The idea of communicating with the spirit worldPicture This The idea of artistic representationLords of Creation The idea of re-shaping natureConquering Death The idea of eternal monumentsDreamtime The idea that the world is an illusionThe New Illusion The idea that reality is unknowableAll Change The idea of a dynamic universeLightning Flash The idea of illuminationSacred Art The idea of icons
Katie Allen
Autumnal Arboretum, 2009Acrylic on boardAcrylig ar fwrdd
>>
Kefalonian Landscape, 2009Acrylic on boardAcrylig ar fwrdd
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between fine and applied arts, as well as thefamiliarity and banality of the unrembetween fine and applied arts, as well as the
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Yng ngweithiau cydweithrediadol Bermingham a Robinson mae’r tensiynnau rhwng arlunydd-hobiwr, oedolyn-plentyn, gwrywaidd-benywaidd, traddodiad-moderniaeth, i gyd yn cael eu harchwilio yn fanwl. Mae nhw yn aml yn ddefnyddio rhyw chwarae plentynaidd, yn defnyddio props a symbolau yn gysylltiedig â diniwieidrwydd ieuenctid i sefydlu gwrthgyferbyniadau sydd yn tyllu’r hiraeth gyda dôs sydyn o anrhefn a melancoli.
Mae ail-adrodd yn chwarae rhan bwysig yn eu gwaith diweddar, ac mae gweithredau ail-adroddus (ac yn aml yn draddodiadol) a hobiau megis gwnïo, chwarae, croes-bwytho, braslunio trefniadol a gwneud marciau, yn dod yn drosiad am siom yr arlunwyr mewn bywyd cyfoes. Mewn cyferbyniad i obaith eu hieuenctid – lle roedd ‘technoleg yfory’ yn addo datrys holl ddrygioni’r byd – mae bywyd modern yn dod â rhyw siom bendant fel y mae’n mynd dros yr un hen broblemau, gofidiau a sialensau drosodd a throsodd: rhyfel, trasiedi, ac ofn ‘y peth arall hwnnw’ a marwoldeb.
Wrth weithio’n gydweithrediadol ymddengys Bermingham a Robinson eu bod yn rhoi eu hunain drwy rhyw hunan-arholiad. Mae eu gwaith yn caniatau i ni glustfeinio ar eu cyfathrebu llaw-fer, mynwesol a chreadigol. Trwy hyn meant yn aml, a bron heb feddwl, yn creu math o hunan-bortread – mae eu gweithiau yn aml yn ymddangos mewn parau – fel y maent yn ceisio diffinio pwy ydynt a beth maent yn ei wneud; mae nhw’n mapio eu lle mewn diwylliant gyfoes. (HF)
Gwahanu’r Niwl Y syniad y gall ein syniadau gael eu twylloMelltith Gwaith Y syniad o’r rhaniad rhwng gwaith/hamddenDoes dim yn Cyfri Y syniad o fyd dibwrpasNeverland Y syniad iwtopaiddGwella Y syniad o gynnyddY Ty Dol Syniadau newydd am blentyndod a benywdodY Gadwyn Fawr Y syniad o ymdrin â chôd bywyd
In the collaborative works of Bermingham &
Robinson the tensions between hobbyist-artist;
adult-child; masculine-feminine, tradition-modernity
are explored in detail. Often employing a child-like
playfulness – utilising some of the props and symbols
associated with youthful innocence – they set up
contradictions that puncture the nostalgia with a
sharp dose of chaos and melancholy.
Recurrence plays a large part in their recent works
and repetitive (and often traditional) acts and
pastimes such as sewing, playing, cross-stitching,
sequential sketching and mark making, become
a metaphor for the artists’ disappointment with
contemporary life. In contrast to the optimism of
their youth – where Tomorrow’s-World-technology
promised to solve all the world’s ills – modern life
brings about a certain disappointment as it plays
over the same problems, anxieties and challenges
again and again: war, tragedy, fear of the ‘other’ and
mortality.
In working collaboratively, Bermingham & Robinson
seem to put themselves through a detailed means of
self-examination. Their works present us with a kind
of unedited dialogue that allows us to eavesdrop on
their shorthand, intimate, creative communication.
Through this they frequently, almost involuntarily,
create a kind of self-portrait – their works often
appear in pairs – as they seek to define who they are
and what they are doing; mapping their position in
contemporary culture. (HF)
Parting The Mist The idea that our senses can be deludedThe Curse of Work The idea of the work-leisure divideNothing Matters The idea of a purposeless worldNeverland The utopian ideaGetting Better The idea of progressThe Doll’s House New ideas of childhood and womanhoodThe Great Chain The idea of manipulating the code of life
Bermingham & Robinson
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The Den Project, 2008Sculpture Studio Residency, Chapter, CardiffPreswyliad Stiwdio Cerflunio, Chapter, Caerdydd
False Beards, 2010Museum dust from underneath a series of sculpturesLlwch amgueddfa a gafwyd o dan gyfres o gerfluniau
The Den Project, 2008En Residencia, Asturias, Spain, 2009En Residencia, Asturias, Sbaen, 2009
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Gan ddelio’n fras â’r syniad o ffuglen mewn sain a delweddaeth, boed yn llonydd neu yn symudol, mae gwaith Cousin yn dibynnu ar y tybiaethau a wnawn wrth feddwl ein bod yn gwybod beth a welwn ac a glywn. Yn y rhan weledol o beth elwid yn ‘gyfryngau torfol’ y mae ei diriogaeth naturiol, ar adeg pan oedd ffotograffiaeth cylchgrawn, recordio tâp a golygu ffilm-cine i gyd yn ddigon ffasiynnol i unrhyw un allu gweld ffugwaith. Un funud fach mewn amser, lle gallasai llofruddiaeth Kennedy yn 1968 fod yn uchafbwynt. Byd yn llawn o ffilm seliwloid, ‘cow gum’, letraset, argraffiadau bromid ac arall, offer sydd gan amlaf yn segur ac at ddefnydd y cysodwr gweledol.
Mae Cousin yn ddifrifol ymwybodol o mor ddychrynllyd o gyflym y mae technolegau newydd wedi amharu ar ein hymarfer, ac mae ei ffilmiau a’i ddarnau sain yn ymgeisiadau dewr i arafu’r broses hon, ac i gyrraedd beth sydd yna o ddifrif. Beth sy’ gwneud hyn yn unigryw yw’r ffordd y mae ein hofnau cymdeithasol a rannwn ond na fyddwn yn aml yn siarad amdanynt, yn cael eu harwain ganddo yma. Mae ei weithiau yn fyr ac yn hawdd i edrych arnynt, ac yn ddiweddarach yn datblygu yn y meddwl, i ddod yn araf yn glymau Gordaidd bychan o gynllwyn a gwrth-gynllwyn.
Ar ôl llofruddiaeth Kennedy arferai pobl ofyn i’w gilydd beth oeddant yn ei wneud pan ddigwyddodd hyn. Mae gwaith Cousin yn datgan yn galonnog y bydd pobl, yn y dyfodol, ar ôl 9/11, yn gofyn i’w gilydd beth oeddant yn edrych arno pan ddigwyddodd hyn. (AP)
Bwyta Pobl Y syniad o ganibaliaethGwahanu’r Niwl Y syniad y gall ein syniadau gael eu twylloDim Trugaredd Y syniad o laddfaRheolaeth Gyffredinol Y syniad o lywodraeth un-bydDyn yw’r Mesur Y syniad fod gwirionedd yn berthynolGrym Meddwl Y syniad mai meddwl yn unig a greodd y bydysawdArwr tu Mewn Y syniad o supermanBrawd sy’n Gwybod Orau Y syniad o’r wladwriaeth anamheusAnsicrwydd Y syniad o wyliwr cysylltiedigSynnwyr Cyffredin Y syniad o bragmatistiaeth
Broadly dealing with the idea of fiction in both
sound and imagery, still or moving, Cousin’s work
hinges on the assumptions that we make when we
think we know what we see and hear. His natural
domain lies at the visual end of what used to be
called the ‘mass media’, at a time when magazine
photography, tape recording and cine-film editing
were genteel enough for anyone to be able to spot
a fake. A moment in time for which the high water
mark may well have been Kennedy’s assassination
in 1968. A world filled with celluloid film, cow
gum, letraset, bromide prints and other, now
largely redundant tools at the disposal of the visual
compositor.
Acutely aware of the frightening speed with which
our new technologies have comprehensively
muddied these waters, his films and sound pieces
are valiant efforts to slow down that speed and
get to what’s really there. What makes this unique
is the way that our shared, and often unspoken,
societal fears are orchestrated by him in this.
Short and easy to look at, his works unfold later in
the mind to gradually become tight little Gordian
knots of conspiracy and counter-conspiracy.
After Kennedy’s assassination people often used
to ask each other what they were doing when it
happened. Cousin’s work affirms wholeheartedly
that, in the future, after 9/11, people will be asking
each other what they were looking at when it
happened. (AP)
Eating People The idea of cannibalismParting the Mist The idea that our senses can be deludedNo Mercy The idea of massacreUniversal Rule The idea of one-world governmentMan is the Measure The idea that truth is relativePower of Thought The idea that thought alone created the universe Hero Inside The idea of the supermanBrother Knows Best The idea of the unchallengeable stateUncertainty The idea of the implicated observerCommon Sense The idea of pragmatism
Michael Cousin
H1N1, 2009High Definition CGI filmFfilm diffiniad uchel o ddelweddaeth a wnaethpwyd ar gyfrifiadur (CGI)
Plat du Jour – Starter, 2009Decal printed on ceramic plateDecal wedi ei brintio ar blat cerameg
Plat du Jour – Main Course, 2009Decal printed on ceramic plateDecal wedi ei brintio ar blat cerameg
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Mae man cychwyn gwaith Sean Edwards yn aml yn amlinell o weithgarwch blaenorol, ac mae’r pethau yma a ganfu, a fenthycodd, ail-gylchodd ac a ail-feddiannodd, yn cynnig ymchwiliad ffurfiol a thrylwyr i botensial cerflunaidd o’r hyn sy’n ymddangos yn gyffredin. Mae ei weithiau yn cael ei sylfaenu gan gywirdeb cyfareddol. Mae’r gwrthrychau mae’n eu defnyddio – rholbrennau, bagiau plastig, corneli cardfwrdd, tâp lliw – yn bethau prin, wedi eu twtio, yn bethau gofalus. Mewn arddangosfa mae’r gweithiau hyn yn cael eu gosod gyda’i gilydd mewn ffurfiant sydd yn ymddangos ar hap, sydd yn herio’r manylder yn y gwerthrychau unigol eu hunain. Mae’r amgylcheddau cyfansoddedig yma yn cynnwys elfennau lluosog sydd yn aml yn ymateb yn uniongyrchol i nodweddion lle penodol lle mae gweithiau mewn tensiwn rhwng ffurf a chyd-destyn. Mae hyn bob tro yn rhoi’r syniad o fod yn anorffenadwy neu yn benagored, sydd yn tanio rhyw ystod ehangol o gysylltiadau sydd yn rhoi gwahoddiad hael i’r gwyliwr i chwarae ei ran yn adeiladwaith ei ystyr a’i gwblhad. (HF)
Rownd y Cloc Y syniad o fesur amserPethau Arian y Teulu Y syniad o drosglwyddo statws trwy etifeddiaethGorchfygu Marwolaeth Y syniad o gofgolofnau bytholY Gwagle Mawr Y syniad o ddimUn Mewn Sylwedd Y syniad Cristnogol o’r drindodGwella Y syniad o gynnyddRealaeth Wedi ei Datgelu Y syniad o ladradYn ôl i Natur Y syniad o ramantiaethAnsicrwydd Y syniad o wyliwr cysylltiedigCysgwr Y syniad o’r anymwybodol
The starting point for Sean Edwards’ work is often
the trace of previous activity and these found,
borrowed, recycled and re-appropriated objects
offer up a formal and rigorous investigation into the
sculptural potential of the seemingly everyday. His
works are underpinned by an enchanting exactness.
The objects that he uses – rolling pins, plastic bags,
cardboard corners, coloured tape – are scarce,
pared back and careful. In exhibition, these works
are placed together in seemingly random formations
that serve to challenge the precision in the individual
objects themselves. These composed environments
comprise multiple elements that often respond
directly to the specifics of a given space where
works are held in tension between form and context.
Invariably this offers a sense of incompleteness or
open-endedness that triggers a widening range of
associations that generously invites the viewer in to
play their part in the construction of its meaning and
completion. (HF)
Around the Clock The idea of measuring timeThe Family Silver The idea of transmitting status by heredityConquering Death The idea of eternal monumentsThe Great Void The idea of nothingOne in Substance The Christian idea of the trinityGetting Better The idea of progressReality Unveiled The idea of abstractionBack to Nature The idea of romanticismUncertainty The idea of the implicated observerSleeper The idea of the unconscious
Sean Edwards
Nebraska CBS 25100, 2009Ink in notebookInc mewn llyfryn nodiadau
>>Practice Table, 2009Mixed media sculptureInstallation view: Institute of Contemporary Arts, LondonCerflun cyfrwng cymysgGolygfa Gosodiad: Sefydliad y Celfyddydau Cyfoes, Llundain
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