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Weathering Across the Earth Sciences Guest Editors: Patrick J. Frings and Heather L. Buss 229 235 241 247 253 259 The Central Role of Weathering in the Geosciences Patrick J. Frings and Heather L. Buss The Goldilocks Planet? How Silicate Weathering Maintains Earth “Just Right” James F. Kasting How Plants Enhance Weathering and How Weathering is Important to Plants Stephen Porder Breaking it Down: Mechanical Processes in the Weathering Engine Suzanne P. Anderson Combating Climate Change Through Enhanced Weathering of Agricultural Soils M. Grace Andrews and Lyla L. Taylor DEPARTMENTS Editorial – Weathering: Earth’s Inexorable Millstone ....... 223 From the Editors ................................. 224 Meet the Authors ................................ 227 Society News Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland ....... 266 Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft ................ 268 Geochemical Society ............................. 270 Association of Applied Geochemists ................. 271 Clay Minerals Society ............................. 273 International Association of GeoChemistry ............ 274 Meteoritical Society .............................. 276 European Association of Geochemistry ............... 278 Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences ............ 280 Mineralogical Association of Canada ................. 282 Mineralogical Society of America .................... 284 CosmoElements – The Apollo Sample Collection: 50 Years of Solar System Insight ..................... 286 Book Review Clays in the Critical Zone ................. 288 Calendar ......................................... 290 People in the News – Donald Dingwell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Advertisers in this issue ........................... 292 Job Posting – University of Wisconsin-Madison ........... 292 Palaeoweathering: How Do Weathering Rates Vary with Climate? Patrick J. Frings Chemical weathering at millimetre scales, as depicted here by the false colour backscatter electron (BSE) image of a weath- ering rind, ultimately pro- duces the critical zone and the resources necessary to sustain life within it. COMPOSITION AND BSE IMAGE BY OLIVER MOORE; TREELINE BY WILLIAM WARBY. 221 Elements is published jointly by the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geochemical Society, The Clay Minerals Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, the International Association of GeoChemistry, the Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, the Association of Applied Geochemists, the Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, the International Association of Geoanalysts, the Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), the Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, the Meteoritical Society, the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences, and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. It is provided as a benefit to members of these societies. Elements is published six times a year. Individuals are encouraged to join any one of the partici- pating societies to receive Elements. Institutional subscribers to any of the following journals— American Mineralogist, Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, and The Canadian Mineralogist—also receive one copy of Elements as part of their 2019 subscription. Institutional subscriptions are available for US$165 (US$180 non-US addresses) a year in 2019. Contact the executive editor ([email protected]) for information. Copyright 2019 by the Mineralogical Society of America. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form, including translation to other languages, or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission from the copyright holder is strictly prohibited. Publications mail agreement no. 40037944 Printed in USA ISSN 1811-5209 (print) ISSN 1811-5217 (online) elementsmagazine.org pubs.geoscienceworld.org/elements Volume 15, Number 4 • August 2019

Weathering Across the Earth Sciences 235 241 247 253 259 · Weathering Across the Earth Sciences Guest Editors: Patrick J. Frings and Heather L. Buss 229 235 241 247 253 259 The Central

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Page 1: Weathering Across the Earth Sciences 235 241 247 253 259 · Weathering Across the Earth Sciences Guest Editors: Patrick J. Frings and Heather L. Buss 229 235 241 247 253 259 The Central

Weathering Across the Earth SciencesGuest Editors: Patrick J. Frings and Heather L. Buss

229

235

241

247

253

259

The Central Role of Weathering in the Geosciences Patrick J. Frings and Heather L. Buss

The Goldilocks Planet? How Silicate Weathering Maintains Earth “Just Right”James F. Kasting

How Plants Enhance Weathering and How Weathering is Important to PlantsStephen Porder

Breaking it Down: Mechanical Processes in the Weathering EngineSuzanne P. Anderson

Combating Climate Change Through Enhanced Weathering of Agricultural SoilsM. Grace Andrews and Lyla L. Taylor

D E P A R T M E N T S

Editorial – Weathering: Earth’s Inexorable Millstone . . . . . . . 223From the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224Meet the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Society News

Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland . . . . . . . 266Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268Geochemical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270Association of Applied Geochemists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271Clay Minerals Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273International Association of GeoChemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . 274Meteoritical Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276European Association of Geochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . 280Mineralogical Association of Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282Mineralogical Society of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

CosmoElements – The Apollo Sample Collection: 50 Years of Solar System Insight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286Book Review – Clays in the Critical Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290People in the News – Donald Dingwell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292Advertisers in this issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292Job Posting – University of Wisconsin-Madison . . . . . . . . . . . 292

Palaeoweathering: How Do Weathering Rates Vary with Climate?Patrick J. Frings

Chemical weathering at millimetre scales, as depicted here by the false colour backscatter electron (BSE) image of a weath-ering rind, ultimately pro-duces the critical zone and the resources necessary to sustain life within it. Composition and BsE imagE By olivEr moorE; trEElinE By William WarBy.

221

Elements is published jointly by the Mineralogical Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Mineralogical Association of Canada, the Geochemical Society, The Clay Minerals Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, the Inter national Association of GeoChemistry, the Société Française de Minéralogie et de Cristallographie, the Association of Applied Geochemists, the Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft, the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, the International Association of Geoanalysts, the Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne (Mineralogical Society of Poland), the Sociedad Española de Mineralogía, the Swiss Society of Mineralogy and Petrology, the Meteoritical Society, the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences, and the International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits. It is provided as a benefit to members of these societies.

Elements is published six times a year. Individuals are encouraged to join any one of the partici­pating societies to receive Elements. Institutional subscribers to any of the following journals— American Mineralogist, Clay Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine, and The Canadian Miner alogist—also receive one copy of Elements as part of their 2019 subscription. Institu tional subscriptions are available for US$165 (US$180 non­US addresses) a year in 2019. Contact the executive editor ([email protected]) for information.

Copyright 2019 by the Mineralogical Society of America.

All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form, including translation to other languages, or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying or information storage and retrieval systems—without written permission from the copyright holder is strictly prohibited.

Publications mail agreement no. 40037944

Printed in USA

ISSN 1811­5209 (print) ISSN 1811­5217 (online)

elementsmagazine.orgpubs.geoscienceworld.org/elements

Volume 15, Number 4 • August 2019