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Weathering and Erosion. Weathering and Erosion Vocabulary. Weathering – The chemical and physical processes that break-down rock at Earth’s surface. Mechanical weathering – The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Weathering and Erosion
1. Weathering – The chemical and physical processes that break-down rock
at Earth’s surface.
2. Mechanical weathering – The type of weathering in which rock is physically
broken into smaller pieces.
Weathering and Erosion Vocabulary
Examples of mechanical weathering:
• Ice wedging (freezing/thawing)– Water expands as it freezes and acts like a wedge. This is a process called ice wedging.
• Release of pressure – When pressure
on rock is reduced, it causes outside rock
to crack.
• Growth of Plants – Plant roots can pry apart and crack rocks.
• Animal Actions – Burrowing can break apart rocks.
• Abrasion – Rock particles carried by wind, water, and ice wear away a rock.
3. Chemical weathering – the process that breaks down rock through
chemical changes.
Examples of chemical weathering:
• Water – It can weather rocks by dissolving them.
• Oxygen – It can cause oxidation of certain rocks
because it reacts with the metals in the rocks, like iron.
• Carbon Dioxide –It mixes with water to form carbonic acid
which dissolves marble and limestone.
• Living Organisms – Lichens and tree roots produce weak
acids that weather rocks.
• Acid Rain – Elements like sulfur which combine
with water to make acid rain causes very rapid weathering.
4. Sediment – Earth material deposited by erosion.
5. Deposition – Process by which sediment is laid down in new locations.
6. Permeable – Characteristic of a material that is full of tiny, connected air
spaces that water can seep through.
7. Erosion – The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil.
8. Runoff – Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground.
9. Soil – The loose weathered material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow.
10. Mass movement – Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment.
11. Groundwater – Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers.
12. Conservation - the careful use of natural resources (such as trees, oil, etc.) to prevent them from being lost or wasted.
groundwater