Web App Frameworks Edited

8/3/2019 Web App Frameworks Edited

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Web Application Frameworks

Presented by: Kamulegeya Grace



Overview

Web applications overview

Introduction to Model-View-Controller

(MVC) What is Framework

What is WAF

Overview of web application frameworks

Minutes Wiki20 Minutes Wiki



WPS so far

Technologies:

• HTML

• CSS

• JavaScript

• DOM, Dynamic

HTML

• PHP• XML

May seem complicated

already

But still not everything How to possibly get it

all under one hood?



Webapps summary

Accessed with a Web Browser (client) Over a network Code is mainly run on server

Exception Client-side Scripting languages :JavaScript (also: Java applets, Flash, ActionScript)

Data is mainly stored on server Webapps can be updated easily…

..without updating the clients!



General 3 tiered structure

First tier: client side code (web-

browser), e.g. (X)HTML, JavaScript,

Java applets, FlashSecond tier : server side code, e.g. C#,

C/C++, Perl, PHP, Java, Ruby, Python

Third tier: server side database andother Enterprise Information Servers

like Enterprise Resource Planning

servers, Legacy systems etc.



Architectural Pattern from Smalltalk (1979)Decouples data and presentation

Eases the development

Model View Controller



First thought (ok, but not far enough):

• Tier 1: View (Client)

• Tier 2: Controller (Server)

• Tier 3: Model (Database)

Database

ClientServer



Presentation:

• View is the user interface (e.g. button)• Controller is the code (e.g. callback for button)

Data:• Model is the database

Database

Presentation

Data



Example Control Flow in MVC

User interacts with the VIEW UICONTROLLER handles the user input

(often a callback function attached to UI

elements)CONTROLLER updates the MODEL

VIEW uses MODEL to generate new UI

UI waits for user interaction



MVC – general example



What is Framework?

In information systems environment,

• a framework is a defined support structure

in which other software applications can beorganized and developed.

A software framework is a reusabledesign and building blocks for a software

system and/or subsystem



What is Framework? (cont.)

In an object-oriented environment,• a framework consists of abstract and

concrete classes.

• Instantiation of such a framework consists of composing and subclassing the existing

classes

Software frameworks rely on the

Hollywood Principle: "Don’t call us, we’ll

call you."



What is Framework?

(cont.)



The software frameworks significantly reduce the

amount of time, effort, and resources required to

develop and maintain applications.

Aims to alleviate the overhead associated withcommon activities

• libraries for database access

• templating

• session management• code reuse

Why we use Framework?



Web application framework Software framework that is designed to support the

development of dynamic websites

A Web Application Framework (WAF) is a

• reusable, skeletal, semi-complete modular platform

that can be specialized to produce custom webapplications , which commonly serve the web

browsers via the Http's protocol.

WAF usually implements the Model-View-

Controller (MVC) design pattern. They typically implement the MVC Model 2

architecture to develop request-response web-

based applications on the Java EE and .Net

models



Web App Framework

Architecture

Most frameworks follow the Model View

Controller (MVC) architectural pattern

Most MVC frameworks follow a push-based

architecture

• use actions that do the required processing, and

then "push" the data to the view layer to render

the results

Alternative pull-based architecture

• start with the view layer, which can then "pull"

results from multiple controllers as needed



Web App Framework

Architecture

Model 1 Architecture



Web App Framework

ArchitectureModel 2 Architecture



Model-View-Controller in a

WAF



Why use a Web Application

Framework1. Virtually all web applications have a common set of basic

requirements, such as user management e.g., secure

user login, password recovery), group management,

and access authorization.

2. A Web Application Framework usually includes all these

functionalities, refined through hundreds of production

deployments, freeing developers to focus on the needs of

their specific application.

3. WAFs store important data in a relational database and

they interact with users via a web-based user interface.

4. Any application written on top of a Web Application

Framework can transparently and immediately take

advantage of these basic services.



Popular web application

frameworks

Java Web Application framework (Java) Struts and struts2 (Java) Spring Framework (Java)

Yii Frameowrk (PHP) Ruby on Rails (Ruby) Turbogears (Python) Google_App_Engine (Python, Django) Django (Python)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_on_rails






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbogears

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Engine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_App_Engine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbogears









Java Web Application

Frameworks

These consist of

• Request-based Frameworks

• Component-based Frameworks

• Hybrid – Meta Frameworks

• RIA-based Frameworks



Request-based Frameworks

A Request-based Framework is very close to the originalCGI specification.

Characteristics

It uses controllers and actions that directly handle

incoming requests. Each request is essentially stateless.

Request Based Frameworks include

• Struts

• WebWork• Beehive , Stripes



Request-based

Frameworks:Struts



Struts: how it works

A user sitting at a browser clicks a button,link, or types in a url.

A Struts Servlet receives that request.

It normally hands over the request to aFormAction class.

The FormAction class is responsible for

validating any form input.Control is then passed on to an Action class.

It’s the responsibility of the Action class to call

any Model components, such as classes

responsible for updating information in a



Struts:how it works con’t

Control is then passed on to an Action class.

• It’s the responsibility of the Action class to call

any Model components, such as classesresponsible for updating information in a

database.

The final step is typically to forward to another

JSP, thus a response being sent back to the

browser.



Component-based Frameworks

ExamplesJave Server Faces (JSF) Tapestry

Wicket



Jave Server Faces (JSF)

JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a server-side user interfacecomponent framework for Java-based Web applications.

JSF contains an API for

• representing UI components and managing their

state;• handling events,

• server-side validation,

• and data conversion;

• defining page navigation;

• supporting internationalization and accessibility;

• and providing extensibility for all these features



Other Java Web Application

Frameworks

• Hybrid – Meta Framework

• RIFE

• Spring Framework

• RIA-based Framework• DWR

• Echo2

• JSON-RPC-Java



Summary

Web applications

• Client, Server, Database

• Easy to maintain, harder to writeModel – View – Controller

• Eases web application development

Web Application frameworks

Documents

Web App Frameworks Edited