Web Content internationalization & E-Publication

Presentation by :Prashant Verma,

W3C IndiaE-mail : vermaprashant1@gmail.com

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History

• Proposed in 1994 by Hakon Wiem Lie.

• Standardized in 1996.

• W3C Recommendation in 1998.

• Revised spec, CSS 2.1 agreed upon in 2001.

• Presently working on CSS level 3.

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Usage of CSS

• To explain the presentation of a document written in a markup language

• Separation of content and presentation allows

Adaptation to viewing environment, special devices, users Better management of web sites (makes it cheaper, too...)

• CSS is implemented by all major browsers

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HTML/XHTMLmarks the content up into different structural types, like paragraphs, blocks, lists, images, tables, forms, comments etc.

CSSTells the browser how each type of element should be displayed, which may vary for different media (like screen, print or handheld device)

JavaScriptTells the browser how to change the web page in response to events that happen (like clicking on something, or changing the value in a form input

CSS in web Technology

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CSS Internationalization

Line-breaking

White space

Text-transform

Text direction

RubySelectors

Character encoding

Fonts

Language declarations

Lists

Baseline alignment

Internationalization of CSS

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Presentation / Styling issues: Vertical arrangement of characters If some string is written in vertical mode, then writing each character on a new line may not be suitable,

In case of horizontal alignment of characters, the space is given between the every character in case of English. But in case of Indian language like Bangla, Assamese etc the space may given not in every character but after some portion of the character sequence as in above figure.

Issues in CSS

Vertical & Horizontal Alignment arrangements of characters

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Underlining of the characters There is some examples of Indian languages in which Matra’s are not readable due to underlining of characters :

– Hindi - अन्य भा�षा�ओं में भा� अनु वा�द – Punjabi ਗੁ�ਰੂ� – Bengali :তা�ই পু�রো��রো� আর্কা� �ইভ এর্কাটু� ওলটু পু�লটু।– Guajarati - સરદા�ર ગુ�ર્જ�ર – Marathi- मेंरा�ठी� में ला� में ला�ची� नु�वा�p {text-decoration: underline;font-size:15px;} // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/text.html

16.3.1

Hindi PunjabiHindi Punjabi7

Over lining of the charactersIssues with respect to languages like Hindi, bangle, Punjabi, Malayalam, Tamil, Oriya

p {text-decoration: overline;font-size:15px;} // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/text.html 16.3.1

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line-through of the characters

Issues finds in language like Punjabi, Guajarati, Malayalam, Kannadap {text-decoration: line-through; font-size:15px;} // http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/text.html 16.3.1

In Hindi it is showing properly but in Punjabi the line is coming in the bottom of characters

Hindi PunjabiHindi Punjabi9

first letter pseudo-element

p:first-letter { font-size: 3em; font-weight: normal } // www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/selector.html 5.12.2

Hindi PunjabiHindi Punjabi

Telugu MalayalamTelugu Malayalam10

EPUBLISHING

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Relationship of Open Publication Structure (OPS) with W3C Standards

W3COpen

Publication Structure

(idpf)

CSS XMLSVG

XHTML

Unicode

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Relationship with CSS

The CSS-based style sheet constructs in this specification define required rendering functionality.

To minimize the burden on Reading System developers and device manufacturers, not all CSS 2 properties are included.

A few additional properties and values have been added to support page layout, headers, and footers.

Style sheets may be associated with an OEBPS Document in several ways:• by style elements within the XHTML header;• by an external style sheet identified on a link elements in the XHTML head; and/or• by an external style sheet identified via the processing instruction xml-stylesheet

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1. Support of Unicode 6.0 and CLDR2. UNICODE : is the Universal character encoding standard, used for

representing text for information processing. Unicode encodes all of the individual characters used for all the written languages of the world.

Common Locale Data Repository : is the largest standard repository of locale data in the world. It is a part of the W3C and Unicode Standard. It provides locale data like Date formats, time zones, Number formats, Measurements system, currency etc in an XML format for use in computer applications.

2. Fonts Open Type Fonts :Open Type fonts convert the Unicode code numbers

to their glyphs on the display interface. SVG Fonts :The purpose of SVG fonts is to allow for delivery of glyph

outlines in display-only environments. WOFF (Web Open font format): This format was designed to provide

lightweight, easy-to-implement compression of the font data, suitable for use in conjunction with the @font-face CSS declaration.

Minimal Requirements on EPUB for Hindi Text Layout

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Arrangement of Running Heads and Page Numbers

Positioning of all running heads and page numbers in the same book should be consistent. The following ways might be used for positioning running heads and page numbers in horizontal writing system:

Page Text Layout Requirement

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Positioning of Consecutive Opening Brackets, Closing

Brackets, Commas, Purna virama etc.

Vertical writing and horizontal writing

Mixed Text Composition in Horizontal Writing Mode,

e.g. में�रा� India मेंहा�नु

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Mixed Text Composition in Vertical Writing Mode, e.g.

मे� रा� I

ndIaमेहा�न

Paragraph Adjustment Rules Line Head Indent at the Beginning of Paragraphs Widow Adjustment of Paragraphs

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CSS Embedded fonts:

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CSS Speech Module Requirements

The CSS Speech module provides properties that enable authors to declaratively control presentational aspects of the aural dimension (e.g. TTS voice, pitch, rate, and volume levels). These style sheet properties can be used together with visual properties (mixed media) or as a complete aural alternative to a visual presentation.

Examples are in-car use of an e-book reader, industrial and medical documentation systems, home entertainment, helping users to learn reading, or supporting users who have reading difficulties (print disabilities).

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Properties Voice-Volume Voice-Balance Speak Speak-as Pause-Properties Rest-Properties Cue-Properties Voice Characteristic Properties

voice-family voice-rate voice-pitch voice-range voice-stress voice-duration

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• UAX29 Unicode Text Segmentation

• UAX14 Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm

• UAX13 Unicode Newline Guidelines.

• UAX9 Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm

• UAX21 Case Mappings

• UAX31 Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax

Proposed solution: Modification in Unicode Standard Annex.

We Have reviewed all this technical report and trying to make changes in all this annexure for resolving the styling issues of Indian languages. As some of the above issues are Browser dependent so we need to examine each issue in detail and find out the appropriate solution.

Review is in process

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Solution for Styling of first letter pseudo-element

Akshara : Definition of ABNF Valid Segmentation to overcome the limitation of some of the CSS Issues

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Cont…

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NEED OF REVIEW OF CSS FOR EPUBLISHING IN INDIAN LANGUAHES

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Need to form Community Group of E-Pub in Indian languages

Aim and Objectives of Community group• The level of awareness and need of local language

applications or software(s) among Publication & e-publication industry.

• To gather the information about the page text layout used by E-publishers for 12 major Indian languages (Hindi, Bangla, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Assamese, Oriya, Kannada, and Manipuri)

• The level and type of usage among these entities

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Aim and Objectives of Community group (Contd…)

• Identify applications and areas are being used where new applications are required and there exists a large un-met need.

• To define the promotion and proliferation of w3c standards in publication industries.

• Identification of following Styling issues occur in E-Pub for Indian languages:

• -CSS• -CSS Mobile• -CSS Speech

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W3C Japanese Layout Task Force -Similar group working for Japanese text layout for E-Publication

• Japanese Layout Task Force already produced a W3C recommendation contains requirements for Japanese text layout. This Task Force has discussed many issues and harmonized the requirements from user communities and solutions from technological experts.

http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-jlreq-20111129/

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Survey Questionnaire

• W3C India prepared a questionnaire. Survey forms shall be collected from different organizations for 12 major languages (Hindi, Bangla, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Assamese, Oriya, Kannada, and Manipuri) and other remaining languages data as per the availability shall be collected.

• Final report should be prepared to clearly bring out an objective and concrete outcomes so as to use the same for future actions.

•

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W3C India welcomes your participation in

this activity.

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Thanks