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Web Programming Week 1. Old Dominion University Department of Computer Science CS 418/518 Fall 2010 Martin Klein 8/31/10. Goals. We will learn to work in the LAMP environment:. PHP - PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP - PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Web Programming
Week 1
Old Dominion UniversityDepartment of Computer Science
CS 418/518 Fall 2010
Martin Klein <[email protected]>
8/31/10
Goals• We will learn to work in the LAMP
environment:
PHP - PHP: Hypertext PreprocessorPHP - PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
PHP - PHP: Hypertext PreprocessorPHP - PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
.
.
.
No MS Environments!
Goals
• Demonstrate LAMP proficiency with a semester long project based on a bulletin board system.
• Some examples:– http://tt.tennis-warehouse.com/– http://boards.caazone.com/– http://www.fordfe.com/– http://www.techsideline.com/forums.htm
Prerequisites
• I assume you know:– how to program in some (imperative) language– basic Internet/WWW concepts– basic HTML– basic relational database concepts
Who Should Take This Class?
• This class will cover breadth, not depth• If you want to learn more about:
– System administration• CS 454/554 Network Management
– HTTP• CS 495/595 Web Server Design
– databases• CS 450/550 Database Concepts• CS 419/519 Internet Databases• and many others….
– Java• CS 695 Java & XML
• This is a programming class!– I assume you know how to program– your grade will be determined solely on your program’s performance on
4 different checkpoints through the semester
• Attendance is not mandatory– But don’t waste your and my time!
• You will work in teams of 1 or 2 – (grad + undergrad teams are possible)
• Pick teams wisely– teams will exist by mutual consent only– at any time, teams can split up, but no new teams will be formed after
the first assignment is due– ex-team members will have access to their shared code base
Mandatory 1st Class of the Semester Slide
• Important URLs– http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mklein/teaching/cs518-f10/– http://groups.google.com/group/cs518-f10
• Class homepage:– Readings are listed under the day they are expected to be completed– assignments are listed under the day they will be demoed in class
(attendance)– each group will give a 3-4 minute status report the week before an
assignment is due! (attendance)
• All development will be done on a shared Linux machine– mln-web.cs.odu.edu
• TA: tbd
Mandatory 1st Class of the Semester Slide #2
• 4 programs, 23 points each– 17 points for functional requirements– 3 points voted on by other groups for aesthetic appeal– 3 points for in-class status report the week prior to the
assignment’s due date
• 8 remaining points come from each group asking or answering 8 technical questions about the assignments on the email list– no points for duplicate questions or answers!
Grading, aka Mandatory 1st Class of the Semester Slide #3
HTTP Operation
Client OriginServer
request = (method, URI, version, “MIME-like” message)
response = (version, success/error code, “MIME-like” message)
Lots of HTTP Methods…
• GET, HEAD• TRACE
– for debugging• OPTIONS
– what methods are defined on this URI?• DELETE
– rarely supported for most URIs• PUT
– also rarely supported– unix semantics: % echo “hello world” > temp.txt
• POST– commonly supported– unix semantics: % echo “hello world” | spell
• Want to learn more? read RFC-2616– http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt
Talking to HTTP servers…mk$ curl --head www.cs.odu.edu/~mklein/HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Wed, 13 Jan 2010 15:36:09 GMTServer: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) DAV/2 PHP/5.2.11Last-Modified: Mon, 11 Jan 2010 01:38:15 GMTETag: "640e2a-552-47cd9974d0fd9"Accept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 1362Content-Type: text/html
mk$ curl --head www.google.com/HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Wed, 13 Jan 2010 15:43:10 GMTExpires: -1Cache-Control: private, max-age=0Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1Set-Cookie: PREF=ID=93c27673a367c338:TM=1263397390:LM=1263397390:S=akzlDIbyLg9rjmww;expires=Fri, 13-Jan-2012 15:43:10 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.comServer: gwsTransfer-Encoding: chunked
“curl” is convenient, butspeaking raw HTTP ismore fun…
GETmk$ telnet www.cs.odu.edu 80Trying 128.82.4.2...Connected to xenon.cs.odu.edu.Escape character is '^]'.GET /~mklein/index.html HTTP/1.1Connection: closeHost: www.cs.odu.edu
HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Wed, 13 Jan 2010 14:51:57 GMTServer: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) DAV/2 PHP/5.2.11Last-Modified: Mon, 11 Jan 2010 01:38:15 GMTETag: "640e2a-552-47cd9974d0fd9"Accept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 1362Connection: closeContent-Type: text/html
<html><head><title>Martin Klein -- Old Dominion University</title></head><body>…[lots of html deleted]…</html>Connection closed by foreign host.
Request(ends w/ CRLF)
Response
HEADmk$ telnet www.cs.odu.edu 80Trying 128.82.4.2...Connected to xenon.cs.odu.edu.Escape character is '^]'.HEAD /~mklein/index.html HTTP/1.1Connection: closeHost: www.cs.odu.edu
HTTP/1.1 200 OKDate: Wed, 13 Jan 2010 15:46:43 GMTServer: Apache/2.2.14 (Unix) DAV/2 PHP/5.2.11Last-Modified: Mon, 11 Jan 2010 01:38:15 GMTETag: "640e2a-552-47cd9974d0fd9"Accept-Ranges: bytesContent-Length: 1362Connection: closeContent-Type: text/html
Connection closed by foreign host.
POST• Typically the result of HTML “Forms”
– http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4
• Two types of values in the client’s “Content-type” request header:– application/x-www-form-urlencoded
• (original & default)
– multipart/form-data• introduced in RFC-1867; allows file upload
– http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1867.txt
HTML Examples
<FORM action="http://server.com/cgi/handle" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <P> What is your name? <INPUT type="text" name="submit-name"><BR> What files are you sending? <INPUT type="file" name="files"> <BR> <INPUT type="submit" value="Send"> <INPUT type="reset"> </FORM>
<FORM action="http://server.com/cgi/handle" enctype= "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="post"> <P> What is your name? <INPUT type="text" name="submit-name"><BR> <INPUT type="submit" value="Send"> <INPUT type="reset"> </FORM>
based on examples from: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#h-17.13.4
application/x-www-form-urlencodedPOST /~mklein/foo.cgi HTTP/1.1Host: www.cs.odu.eduConnection: closeReferer: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mklein/fromhere.htmlUser-Agent: CS 595-s10 Automatic Testing ProgramContent-type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedContent-Length: 134
action=restore&manufacturer=ford&model=fairlane+500XL&year=1966&status=modified&engine=427+sideoiler&transmission=4+speed+toploader
functionally the same as (modulo a possible 414 response):
GET /~mklein/foo.cgi?action=restore&manufacturer=ford&model=fairlane+500XL&year=1966&status=modified&engine=427+sideoiler&transmission=4+speed+toploader HTTP/1.1Host: www.cs.odu.eduConnection: closeReferer: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mklein/fromhere.htmlUser-Agent: CS 595-s10 Automatic Testing Program
multipart/form-data(with file upload)
note the “--” to indicate the end
POST /~mklein/foo.cgi HTTP/1.1Host: www.cs.odu.eduConnection: closeReferer: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~mklein/fromhere.htmlUser-Agent: CS 595-s10 Automatic Testing ProgramContent-type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----------0xKhTmLbOuNdArYContent-Length: 698
------------0xKhTmLbOuNdArYContent-Disposition: form-data; name=”action"
restore------------0xKhTmLbOuNdArYContent-Disposition: form-data; name=”manufacturer"
ford------------0xKhTmLbOuNdArYContent-Disposition: form-data; name=”model"
fairlane 500xl------------0xKhTmLbOuNdArYContent-Disposition: form-data; name=”year"
1966------------0xKhTmLbOuNdArYContent-Disposition: form-data; name=”picture"; filename="fairlane.txt"Content-Type: text/plain
______________ // \\---------//--------------\\-------| __ __ ||--/ \--------------------/ \---| \__/ \__/
------------0xKhTmLbOuNdArY--
Response Codes
- 1xx: Informational - Request received, continuing process
- 2xx: Success - The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted
- 3xx: Redirection - Further action must be taken in order to complete the request
- 4xx: Client Error - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled
- 5xx: Server Error - The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request
from section 6.1.1 of RFC 2616
But Few Web Resources Are Static Files…
Client OriginServer
GET /foo HTTP/1.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OKfoo
foofoo HTML, PDF, etc.foofoo PHP, ASP, JSPfoofoo Java, Javascript
Server Side Processing Mnemonic
HTML
code
code
PHP
CODE
html
html
“Traditional” CGI(e.g. Perl)
Let’s Look at Some Basic PHP
http://mln-web.cs.odu.edu/~mklein/code/
WWW History
If you want to know more, read a book(irony intentional)
PHP Helper (one of many)
Who Should NOT Take This Class?
• Students not able to/not willing to learn how to code
• Students not willing to work in groups• Students not willing to work on and solve
complex problems
To Do for Next Time…
• Subscribe to the class email list• Log in to: mln-web.cs.odu.edu (I will send email to the
class list when the accounts are ready)– uid/passwds same as *.cs.odu.edu machines
• don’t have a *.cs.odu.edu acct? get one: https://sysweb.cs.odu.edu/online/
– MySQL login == linux login; passwd = (to be determined)
• Start reading & practicing in your own public_html directory on the cs machines
• Email me your group info! If you’re not in a group by 11:59 PM Sept 07 2010, you’re working alone.
“And Now For Something Completely Different”
• Weekly “Trivia of the Day”– Question: “What happened today x years ago?”
• Main but not exclusive source: Wikipedia
• Price: