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SHORT TERM COURSE – 2021

SHORT TERM COURSE FOR

NON- HINDI PUPILS

1.

letters

2.

TEST – 1

3.

WORDS

4.

TEST – 2

5.

½ LETTERS

6.

TEST -3

7

Gs;sptUk; letters words

8

TEST -4

9

f;u g;u k;u j;u tUk; words

10

TEST –5 [ f;u g;u k;u j;u ]

11

nfhk;G tUk; letters words

12

TEST –6 [ f;u g;u k;u j;u]

CHAPTER - I. [ LETTERS]

DAY -1( VOWELS)

v

vk

b

bZ

m

_

,

,s

vks

vkS

m

M

,

C

C

f;U

V V

I

x X

xs

( CONSONANTS)

d[kx/k

ka

kha

ga

gha

f

d

[k

x

fh

dk

[kk

xk

k

fp

fd

f[k

fx

f/k

fP

dh

[kh

xh

/kh

F

dq

[kq

xq

/kq

$

dw

[kw

xw

/kw

nf Nf

ds

[ks

xs

/ks

if

dS

[kS

xS

/kS

nfh Nfh

dks

[kks

xks

/kks

nfs

dkS

[kkS

xkS

/kkS

DAY – 2(1/2)

pNt>

cha

chha

ja

jja

1

r

p

N

t

>

2

rh

pk

Nk

tk

>k

3

rp

fp

fN

ft

f>

4

rP

ph

Nh

th

>h

5

R

pq

Nq

tq

>q

6

R

pw

Nw

tw

>w

7

nr Nr

ps

Ns

ts

>s

8

ir

pS

NS

tS

>S

9

nrh Nrh

pks

Ns

tks

>ks

10

nrs

pkS

NkS

tS

>kS

V BM<

da

dda

dha

ddha

1

l

V

B

M

<

2

lh

Vk

Bk

Mk

3

lp

fV

fB

fM

f<

4

lP

Vh

Bh

Mh

5

L

Vq

Bq

Mq

6

L

Vw

Bw

Mw

7

nl Nl

Vs

Bks

Ms

8

il

VS

BS

MS

9

nlh Nlh

Vks

Bks

Mks

10

nls

VkS

BkS

MkS

rFkn/k

ta

tta

tha

ttha

1

j

r

Fk

n

/k

2

jh

rk

Fkk

nk

/kk

3

jp

fr

fFk

fn

f/k

4

jP

rh

Fkh

nh

/kh

5

J

rq

Fkq

nq

/kq

6

Jh

Rw

Fkw

nw

/kw

7

nj Nj

rs

Fks

ns

/ks

8

ij

rS

FkS

nS

/kS

9

njh Njh

rks

Fkks

nks

/kks

10

njs

rkS

FkkS

nkS

/kkS

iQ cHk

pa

fa

ba

bha

1

G

i

Q

c

Hk

2

gh

ik

Qk

ck

Hkk

3

gp

fi

fQ

fc

fHk

4

gP

ih

Qh

ch

Hkh

5

G

iq

Qq

cq

Hkq

6

G

iw

Qw

cw

Hkw

7

nG NG

is

Qs

cs

Hks

8

iG

iS

QS

cS

HkS

9

ngh Ngh

iks

Qks

cks

Hkks

10

ngs

ikS

QkS

ckS

HkkS

; j y o g e u

ya

ra

la

va

ha

ma

na

1

;

j

y

Ok

g

e

u

2

;k

jk

yk

Ok

gk

ek

uk

3

f;

fj

fy

Fo

fg

fe

fu

4

;h

jh

yh

Oh

gh

eh

uh

5

;q

jq

yq

Okq

gq

eq

uq

6

;w

jw

yw

Owk

gw

ew

uw

7

;s

js

ys

Oks

gs

es

us

8

;S

jS

yS

oS

gS

eS

uS

9

;ks

jks

yks

oks

gks

eks

uks

10

;kS

jkS

ykS

okS

gkS

ekS

ukS

sa

ssha

sha

1

l

‘k

“k

K

2

lk

‘kk

“kk

3

fl

f‘k

f“k

4

lh

‘kh

“kh

5

lq

‘kq

“kq

6

lw

‘kw

“kw

7

ls

‘ks

“ks

8

lS

‘kS

“kS

9

lks

‘ksk

“kks

10

lsks

‘kSk

“kkS

TEST – 1 [ LETTERS – 1 /2 ]

I. TRANCRIBE THE NAMES IN HINDI


1.

Page 9 of 66

2. Amala

3. Amutha

4. Anitha

5. Aasha

6. Aamina

7. Anusha

8. Amali

9. Buvana

10. Bhararthi

11. Banumathi

12. Erode

13. Geetha

14. Giri

15. Gowri

16. Hosur

17. Jona

18. Jothika

19. Janaki

20. Kadalore

21. Kala

22. Kamala

23. Kesavi

24. Leela

25. Meena

26. Maala

27. Mary

28. Nalini

29. Nasaraeth

30. Punitha

31. Paranika

32. Ravi

33. Raamu

34. Raadika

35. Ramana

36. Radha

37. Rufina

38. Reena

39. Roopa

40. Raja

41. Rajamani

42. Sasikala

43. Susila

44. Shobana

45. Sofia

46. Sona

47. Seetha

48. Tenkasi

49. Uma

50. Vanitha

51. Vimala

52. Vinitha

53.

CHAPTER-2 (WORDS)

filrp vOj;J mfukhf ,Ue;jhy; mfuj;ij tpl;L tpl;L nka;naOj;jhf glpf;f Ntz;Lk;

vkishould be read asMg; not ‘ Mg’

vkeshould be read asMk; not ‘ Mk’

vkBshould be read asMl; not ‘ Ml’

vki

vkB

vkt

vke

vkx

vksj

vkSj

,d

Mg;

Ml;

MI

Mk;

Mf;

Xh;

Xsh;

Vf;

You

eight

today

Mango/ common

fire

side

and

One

dye

fdrkCk

v'kksd

Ckkgj

eSnku

dkyst

gksVsy

pen

Book

ashok

outside

playground

college

hotel

If three letters come, it should be read as dye should be read asfyk; not ‘ fyk’

TEST – 2

1. Bharat

2. Dinesh

3. Ganesh

4. Harish

5. Kamal

6. Kaamesh

7. Mahesh

8. Naresh

9. Ram

10. Rakesh

11. Rajesh

12. Ramesh

13. Suresh,

14. Vijay


15. Sathish

Dr C.SEBASTIAN, A/P, CHEM, RV.GOVT.ARTS COLLEGE,CHENGALPATTU. MOB:9444040115Page 12

CHAPTER – 3[ ½ LETTERS]

k;

E

g;

I

f;

D

r;

P

z;

.

vEek ----- mk;kh vDdk -----mf;fh

vIik ----- mg;gh v..k --------mz;zh

TEST -3

TRANCRIBE THE NAMES IN HINDI

1. Anbumani

2. Abdul

3. Chennai

4. Jospin

5. Jeyanthi

6. Kaavya

7. Maheshwari

8. Pushpa

9. Ramya

10. Shilpa

11. Swetha

12. Stella

13. School

CHAPTER – 4 [Gs;sptUk; words]

Gs;spf;F gpd; d te;jhy; ‘ q; ‘ vd glpf;fNtz;Lk;

vd ------ mq;f;

अंक

“kdj ----------rq;fh;

शंकर

आँख

2. Gs;spf;F gpd; r te;jhy; ‘Q; ‘ vd glpf;fNtz;Lk;

vp ------ m Q;

आंच

Gs;spf;F gpd; l te;jhy; ‘z; ‘ vd glpf;fNtz;Lk;

vV ------ mz;l;

अंडे

Gs;spf;F gpd; j te;jhy; ‘e; ‘ vd glpf;fNtz;Lk;

vr ------ me;j;

अंत

Gs;spf;F gpd; g te;jhy; ‘k; ‘ vd glpf;fNtz;Lk;

vCk ------ mk;

अंबुज

TEST – 4[ Gs;sptUk; words ]

Mark : Date:

1. Anjali

2. Anthony

3. Ambujam

4. Bank

5. Shankar

6. Sundari

7. Sandhiya

8. Singari

9. Senthil

10. Vindya

CHAPTER – 5[f;u g;u k;u j;u tUk; words ]

TEST –5[ f;u g;u k;u j;u ]


1. April

अप्रैल

2. Freeda

3. February

4. Gracy

5. Priya

प्रिया

6. Prisilla

7. Pragya

8. Prema

9. Pragathi

10. Preethi

11. Premkumar

12. Prince

13. Prabakar

14. Prakaash

15. Pavithra

16. Praveen

17. Priyanka

18. Professor

19. Sugree

20. Thrisha

21. Vickram



CHAPTER – 6[nfhk;G tUk; words]

1. nfhk;G te;jhy; “ h; “vd glpf;fNtz;Lk;

--fh;k ------mh;j

कर्मअर्थ मर्ममूर्ति

निर्मला

उर्मिला

उर्वशी

TEST –6




1. March

2. Moorthi

3. Nirmala

4. Urmina

5. Urvasi

TEST – 7

I. TRANCRIBE THE NAMES IN HINDI

1. Kandasamy

2. Kuppusamy

3. Kumarasamy

4. Ramasami

5. Maadasami

6. Mayilsamy

7. Rangasami

8. Govindasamy

9. Munusamy

10. .Hariharan

11. Selvan

12. Alwin

13. Jagadesh

14. Kaandeepan

15. Chanthar

16. Paarthepan

17. ,Keerthika

18. keerthika

19. Sharmila

20. . M. aananthi ,

21. Ambujam

22. Laksmi

23. Laksmanan

24. Vijayalaksmi

25. Jeyalaksmi

II. TRANCRIBE THE NAME OF THE PLACES IN HINDI (25)

1. puliampati

2. Madurai

3. Nemilicherry

4. pudukottai

5. Chennai

6. trichy

7. thirunelveli

8. Puduchery

9. Guindy

10. chrompet

11. Pallavaram

12. egmore

13. Salem

14. Coimbatore

15. villupuram

16. chitlapakkam

17. kaddalore

18. Palavapuram

III. WRITE IN HINDI

1.

2. College

3. University

4. Janauary

5. May

6. .june

7. ,july

8. August

9. September

10. October

November

Vf; Njh jPd;

r;rhh; gh;Q;r; r;Nr rhj; Ml; nes

j]; f;ahuh ghuh Njuh

Njuh fUq;

Njuh fUq; jpd; fpd; fpd; Nf ,e;j;[hh;

M[h gpah Map g`hh;

r;nrsj`; Nfh Njuh re;Nj\H Mah

ge;j;u`; Nfh MCq;fh Na f`; yhah

r;nrsj`; Nfh e Mah ge;j;u`; Nfh JH

jLg;ghNf K[;Nfh Jh Nd f;ah ghah

Nrhy`; Nfh gp

Nrhy`; Nfh gp Nrhy`; fpNa Nj rpq;fhh;

M[h gpah Map g`hh;

rj;u`; Nfh rk;N[fp rq; ;[Pl;L fah

ml;lhuf; Nfh jpy; Ll; fah

Nuh Nuh NrF[uh ik Nd cd;dP];

GPp]; Nfh jpy; Nf Lf;Nl `PNa gP];

gph; gp e`p

gph; gp e`p jpy; Nr fah Njuh g;ahh;

M[h gpah Map gfhh;

एक दो तीन,चार पाँच छै सात आठ नौ,

दस ग्यारह बारह तेरह - २,

तेरा करूं,

तेरा करूं दिन गिन गिन के इंतज़ार,

आजा पिया आई बहार - २

चौदह को तेरा सन्देशा आया,

पन्द्रह को आऊंगा ये कहलाया

चौदह को आया ना पन्द्रह को तू,

तड़पाके मुझको तूने क्या पाया

सोलह को भी

सोलह को भी सोलह किये थे सिंगार,

आजा पिया आयी बहार (एक दो तीन)

सत्रह को संग ? टूट गयी,

अट्ठारह को ??

रो रो गुज़ारा मैंने सारा उन्नीस

बीस को दिल के टुकड़े हुए बीस

फिर भी नहीं

फिर भी नहीं दिल से गया तेरा प्यार, आजा पिया आयी बहार

इक्कीस बीती, बाइस गई

तेईस गुज़री, चौबीस गई

पच्चिस को समझाया सबने मुझे

दिन बने हफ़्ते, हफ़्ते महीने, महीने बन गये साल

आके ज़रा तू देख तो ले क्या हुआ है मेरा हाल

दीवानी दर दर मैं फिरती हूँ

ना जीती हूँ ना मैं मरती हूँ

तन्हाई की रातें सहती हूँ

आजा आजा आजा के दिन गिनती रहती हूँ

CHAPTER –II [grammer ]

1. PRESENT AUXILARY VERBS-– am,is,are

SUBJECTS

I

WE

YOU(youngster)

YOU(elder)

HE / SHE /IT

THEY

eS^

ge;

rqe

vki

og

os

AUXILARY VERBS

I

YOU

HE /SHE / IT/NAME

WE/YOU(elders)/ THEY

eS^

rqe

og

ge ;vki os

gwW

gks

gS

gS^

S + object +Auxilary Verb

I person

I am arun

मैं ARUN हूँ

I am student

मैं छात्र हूँ

we are teachers

हम शिक्षक हैं

II person

you are boy

तुम लडके हो

who are you

तुम कौन हो

III person

he is aakash

वह AAKASH है

she is girl

वो लङकी है

how is he ?

वह कैसा है ?

where is Viji?

विजई कहाँ है

where are they?

वे कहां हैं?

TEST -1

AUXILARY VERB – (am,is,are,)

1. I am Rani

2. Who are you?

3. I am student

4. Where are you?

5. I am in house

6. What is this?

7. It is book

8. Who is he ?

9. He is Ravi.

10. Who are they?

11. They are boys.

12. How are you?

13. I am fine

14. How is he ?

15. He is well

16. What is that?

17. That is dog

2 PAST AUXILARY VERBS-– (was,were )

IYOU HE

SHE/IT/NAME


eS^

rqe

og

ge;vkios

Fkk

Fkh

Fks

S + object +Auxilary Verb

1. We were in school - `k; - ge; LDwy es Fks

2. we were in playground - `k; ge; eSnku es Fks

3. we were in temple - `k; ge; enhj es Fks

4. we were in college - `k; ge; dkyst es Fks

5.we were in hotel - `k; ge; gksVsy es Fks

6.He was in church

In – es

1

2

3

4

5

6

in school

in playground

in temple

in college

in hotel

in church

LDwy eS

eSnku es

enhj es

dkyst es

gksVsy es

xhjhtk?kj es

--

Exercise

1. I wasstudent

2. He wasboy.

3. They were in hotel

4. I was in church

5. Where were you?

6. Where was he?

8. Dasaradan was in ayodya

9. You were in college

House

Book

Fine /well

That

Dog

TEST -2

AUXILARY VERB – (was,were)

1. Where were you?

2. I was in college

3. Where was he?

4. He was in playground.

5. I was girl

6. I was in church

3.A . IMPERATIVE SENTENCES(fl;lis thf;fpak;)

FORMAT: For youngsters: Subject + Verb + X

nghpatHfSf;F : Subject + Verb + ,Na

PART-1 ( COME, GO )

Subject: Verb

YOU(younger)

rqe

Jk;

YOU( elder)

vki

Mg;

Come

vk

M

Go

tk

[h

Examples:

1. You Come.- Jk; MX - rqe vkvks

2. You Go- Jk; [hX- rqe tkvks

1. You Come. Mg; M,Na - vki vkb;s

2. You Go- Mg; [h,Na - vki tkb;s

For youngsters : Subject + Complament+ Verb + X

nghpatHfSf;F : Subject + Verb + ,Na

Complament

1

2

3

4

5

6

Inside

here

Soon,

outside

quickly

there

vn^j

;gk

tyfn

Ckkgj

tyfn

वहाँ

SentencesYoungersElders

1. You come insiderqe vn^j vkvksvki vn^j vkb;s

2. You come hererqe ;gkvkvkssvki;gkvkb;s

3. Come soontyfn vkvkstyfn vkb;ss

4. Go outsideCkkgj tkvksCkkgj tkb;ssssssssss

5. Go quickly tyfn tkvkstyfn tkb;sss

6. Go thereवहाँtkvksवहाँtkb;s

3B. NEGATIVEIMPERATIVE SENTENCES

FORMAT: For youngsters : Subject + complement + er + Verb + X

nghpatHfSf;F : Subject + complement + er + Verb + ,Na


1. Don’t come inside rqe vn^j er vkvksvki vn^j er vkb;s

2. Youdon’t come hererqe ;gk er vkvkssvki;gk er vkb;s

3. Don’tgo outsideCkkgj ertkvksCkkgj ertkb;ssssssssss

4. Don’t go thereवहाँertkvksवहाँertkb;s

PART-2( Take,eat,give,drink,sing,bring)

Verb

yks

[kk

nks

ih

xk

yk

take

eat

give

drink

sing

Bring

Complementary

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

mango

two mangoes

banana

water

hot

coffee

cold

milk

vke

nks vke

dsyk

ikuh

xje

dkfQ

BMk

nw/k

1. You Eat- Jk; fhX- rqe [kkvks

2. You drink - Jk; gPX rqe ihvks

1.You (Elder) Eat- Mg; fh,Na - vki [kkb;s


1.Eat mangovke [kkvks - vke [kkb;s

2. Eat two mangoesnks vke [kkvksnks vke [kkb;s

3. Eat bananadsyk [kkvks dsyk [kkb;s

4. You drink waterrqe ikuh ihvks vki ikuh ihth;s (Exception)

5. You drink hot waterrqe xjeikuh ihvks vkixjeikuh ihth;s

6. Drink coffeedkfQihvksdkfQihth;s

7. Don’t drink coldwaterBMk ikuh erihvks|BMk ikuh erihth;s

8. Drink milknw/k ihvksnw/k ihth;s

9. Sing songxkhn xkvksxkhn xkb;s

TEST – 3( Imperative and Negative Sentences )

DATE: NAME:

MARK:

I. Translate the following in Hindi ( for Youngsters)

1. You come inside

2. You come here

3. Come soon

4. Sit on the bench

5. Don’t sit on the table

6. Watch TV

7. Drink tea

8 You drink water

9. You drink hot water

10. Drink coffee

11. Don’t drink cold milk

12. Eat mango

13. Eat two mangoes

14. Don’t eat banana

15. Go outside

16. Go quickly

17. Don’t go there

18. Don’t go outside

19..Don’t come inside

20. Sleep some times

II. Translate the above sentences for an elder.


2016


III.Correct the sentences

1.

2. vki yk vks

3. vki tk

4. rqe [kb;s

5. rqe lksb;s

6. vki ihth;s

IV Fill in the blanks

1. vki ----- (bring)

2. vki ------ (come)

3. rqe ---- (give)

4. rqe ----- (take)

5. vki ----- (sing)

**********

4. POSSESIVE FORM(PRONOUN)

Possessive form

1

My

esjk

Nkuh

2

Our

gekjk

`hkuh

3

Your

rqegkjk

Jkhuh

4

Your

vkidk

Mg;fh

5

His/her/its

mldk

c];fh

6

Their

mudk

cd;fh

7.

Raju’s

8.

Whose

Uncle

letter

building

name

black

pen

dog

house

TEST-4 ( POSSESSIVE CASE, PREPOSITION – IN, ON)


1.


2. It is my house.

3. It is our nation.

4. This is your book

5. That is his house.

6. They are his brothers.

7. My name is narmada

8. He is my father

9. She is your mother

10. Arun his brother

11. It is our school

12. It is their college

13. We are your students.

14. It is his dog.

15. He is my uncle

16. My father is doctor.

17. Your brother is teacher.

18. My name is Ram

19. What is your name?

20. Ii’s name is Tomy

21. Whose book is this?

22. It’s colour is black.

23. Whose building is this?

24. It is Raju’s pen.

25. His brother came.

26. His letter came

5. OBJECTIVE FORM

Objective form

1

Me

eqts

KN[

2

Us

gedks

`k;Nfh

3

To you

rqedks

Jk;Nfh

4

To you

vkidks

Mg;Nfh

5

His / Him/her/it

mldks

c];;Nfh

6

Them

mudks

cd;Nfh

GRAMMER TEST- 5

1. Give me a pen.

2. Give us water.

3. What do you want?

4.

.

LESSON – 1- 5

SUMMARY

1

For Imperative sentences

vks / b;s

Eat fruits

You go

Come here

2

For Negative Imperative

er + vks / b;s

Don’t go

Don’t eat

Don’t drink

NEED(WOULD LIKE TO)CAN, MUST,

1. I need coffee

2. Today I don’t need fruits

3. Daddy we need pen also

4. Ican walk

5. We can read Hindi

6. We must go home

7.

He is a good boy

His friend is also good boy

They never quarrel among them

WANT

Infinite: subject + uk

Example: tkuk[kkuk

Present tense :

S+ obj+ infinite+ pkgrk (boy)/pkgrs (plural)/ pkgrh ( girl) +gwW gks gS gS^

Past tense :

S+ obj+ infinite+ pkgrk(boy)/pkgrs (plural)/ pkgrh ( girl) + FkkFkZh Fks

Past tense for transitive verb :

S+ us + obj+ infinite+ pkgrk(boy)/pkgrs (plural)/ pkgrh ( girl) + FkkFkZh Fks

og+ us = mlus

os+ us = mugksus

Verb

tk

vk

Learn

read

go

stay

listen

help

sleep

come

see

Examples:

1. I want to learn hindi

2. Rufina wants to read telugu

3. Gaja wanted to go home

4. When do you want to go home?

5. We want to stay here

6. They did not want to listen

7. They wanted to help you

8. I want to sleep

9. He doesn’t want to come

10. I want to see Tajmahal

CHAPTER - III

TENSES

TENSES

TENSES

EXAMPLE

1

Simple present tense

I come

2

Present continuous tense

I am coming

3

Present perfect tense

(just completed tense)

I have come

4

Doubtfull present tense

I may be coming

5

Present Habitiual tense

I used to come

6

Simple past tense

I came

7

Past continuous tense

I was comming

8

Past perfect tense

I had come

9

Doubtfull past tense

I might have come

10

Past Habitiual tense

I had used to come

11

Past conditional tense

If I had come

12

Simple future

I shall come

1 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

ENDINGS

I

YOU

HE/SHE/IT/NAME


eS^

rqe

og

ge;vkios

gwW

gks

gS

gS^

S + V + rk(boy)/rs (plural)/ rh( girl) + endings

I, He, it, name : sub + verb + jh + endings

We, they : sub + verb + Nj + endings

She : sub + verb + jp+ endings

1. I come- ikk; Mjh `Pk; - eS^ vkrk gwW

2. I go - ikk; Ihjh `Pk;eS^ tkrk gwW

3. I eat -ikk; fhjh `Pk;eS^ [kkrk gwW

4. we sing - `k; fh(3) Nj i`q;;;; ge; xkrs gS^

5.we drink - `k; gP Nj i`q;;;; ge; ihrs gS^

6.we sleep - `k; NrhNj i`q;;;; ge; lksrs gS

1. He comes - Nth Mjh i` og vkrk gS

2. He goes - Nth Ihjh i` og tkrk gS

3. He eats - Nth fh(2)jh i` og [kkrk gS

4. He sings - Nth fh(3)jh i` og xkrk gS

5.He drinks - Nth gPjh i`og ihrk gS

6.He sleeps - Nth Nrhjh i` og lksrk gS

1. She comes - Nth Mjp i` og vkrh gS

2. She goes - Nth Ihjp i` og tkrh gS

3. She eats - Nth fh(2)jp i` og [kkrh gS

4. She sings - Nth fh(3)jp i` og xkrh gS

1. They come - Nt MNj i`q;;;; osvkrs gS^

2. They go - Nt IhNj i`q;;; os tkrs gS^

3. They eat - Nt fh(2)Nj i`q;;;; os [kkrs gS^

Work

Cold

four

dosai

Speak

Read

Do

Make

( prepares)

Truth

dke

B^Mk

pkj

nkslk

cksy

i<

dj

cuk

lp

1. I come inside - ikk; me;ju; Mjh `Pk; - eS^ vn^j vkrk gwW

2. I go outside - ikk; ghfh; Ihjh `Pk; eS^ Ckkgj tkrk gwW

3. I eat banana - ikk; Nfyh fhjh `Pk;;eS^ dsyk [kkrk gwW


2017

4. I sing song - ikk; fpj;fhjh `Pk eS^ xkhr xkrk gwW


5.I drink water - ikk; ghdp gPjh `Pk; eS^ ikuh ihrk gwW

6 we sleep at 9 o clock - `k;; nes gN[ NrhNj i`q;;;; ge; uSk Ckts lksrs gS^

1. We write lesson`k;; ghl; ypf;Nj i`q;;;; ge; ikB Yh[krs gS^

2. We play ball`k;; Nfe;j;Nfy;Nj i`q;;;; ge; xsn^ [ksyrs gS^

3. We buy vegetables`k;; jh;fhupahqfupj;Nj i`q;;;;ge rjdkjh;kW^ [kjhns gS^

4. We watch TV`k;; TV Njf;Nj i`q;;;; ge Vh oh ns[krs gS^

5. I ( girl) write lesson eS^ikB Yh[krh gwWe

6. I play ball eS^xsn^ [ksyrh gwWe

What

Do

D;k

dj

1. What does he do?og D;k djrk gS?

2. What do you do? rqeD;k djrk gks ?

3. What do you eat? rqe D;k [kkrk gks ?

TEST – 1 -SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

DATE: NAME:

MARK:

I. Translate the following in Hindi



1. I come

2. I go

3. What do you do?

4. I eat

5. What do you eat?

6. I eat mango

7. we sleep

8. He comes

9. He goes

10. What do they sing?

11. They sing song.

12. What does he do?

13. He plays.

14. I (girl) come

15. We go.

16. He eats

17. She sings.

18. Rama drinks

19. It sleeps

20. They go

21. Sheela comes

22. They eat

23. We drink

24. Raju sings

25. They sleep

II.Correct the sentences

1. eS^ vn^j vkrk gS^ 2 ge; ^ Ckkgj tkrk gwW

3 eS^ dsyk [kkrk gS^4 eS^ xkhr xkrk gwW

5 eS^ us ikuh ihrk gwW6 ge; uSk Ckts lksrs g

7.ge; ikB Yh[krs gS^ 8 ge; us xsn^ [ksyrs gS^

9 ge rjdkjh;kW^ [kjhns gwW10 geus Vh oh ns[krs gS^

III.. Translate the following in Hindi

1.

2. She eats two bananas

3. We drink hot milk

4. I eat four dosai

5. They play ball in the playground

6. It eats mango

7. She prepares tea

8. He speaks truth

9. I read lesson

10. He does work

11. He comes inside

12. She goes outside

13. We eat banana

14. They sing song

15. Ram drinks water

16.They sleep at 9 oclock

17.I(girl) write lesson

18. She plays ball

19. Mummy makes tea.

20. He buys vegetables

21.Vimala watches film

22. Father reads letter

23. He speaks lie

24.What do you write?

25.Who reads letter ?

**********

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

He wakes up at 5 o clock

First he cleans his teeth

Then he washes his hand and mouth

Afterthat he takesbath and wears new dress

From 7 o clock to 8 o clock he reads lesson

Then he does breakfast

Afterthat he goes to school

Afternoon he eats in the school itself

5 o clock he returns.

He studies well and he receives awards.

He goes to bed by 10 o clock

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

To indicate the action which has started earlier but does not indicate whether it is completed or not

S+ V + ( jgk / jgh / jgs) + (gwW gS^ gks gS^)



yMdk vk jgkgS^ boy is coming

yMdh vk jgh gS^ girl is coming

yMds vk jgs gS^ boysare coming

I am coming eS^ vk jgkgwW

We are going ge; tkjgs gS^

You are eatingrqe[kkjgs gks

He isplayingog [ksyjgkgS

She is drinkingogihjgh gS

They are sleepingoslksjgs gS

Meena is singingehukxkjgh gS

TEST – 2 - PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

1. Rama is eating brad

2. I am going to school

3. They are doing work

4. What are you doing?

5. Rufina is sleeping

6. What are you thunking?

7. Who is singing there ?

8. We are learning hindi

9. Father is writing letter

10. They are drinking tea.

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (JUST COMPLETED PAST TENSE

To indicate the past action , which has been completed just now

For Transitive verb(

S+ V+ ;k / ;h / ;s+ gss

yMdk + vk + ;k + gss +

examples:

yMdk vk;k gssSss - boy has come

yMdh vk;h gssS girl has come

yMds vk;s gssS girls have come

SUBJECTS

VERBS

1

eS^

vk

;k(boy)

;h(girl)

;s(elders)

gss

2

ge;

tk

3

rqe

ih

4

vki

[kk

5

og

xk

6

os

lks

TEST – 3 -PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

4.DOUBTFULL PRESENT TENSE (may be….ing)

To indicate the action which is doubtful

S+ V+ + rk rh rs + gksxkgksxh gksxs

yMdk vkrk gksxkboy may be coming

yMdh vkrh gksxh girl may be coming

yMds vkrs gksxs girls may be coming

SUBJECTS

VERBS

ENDINGS

1

eS^

vk

rk (boy)

rh (girl)

rs(elders,

plural, II person)

gksxk

gksxh

gksxs (elders,

plural, II person)

2

ge;

Tk

3

rqe

Ih

4

vki

[kk

5

og

xk

6

os

lks

7.

ehuk

[ksy

I may be coming eS^vkrkgksxk

We may be goingge;tkrkgksxk

You may be eatingrqe[kkrkgksxk

He may be playingog [ksyrkgksxk

She may be drinkingogihrhgksxh

They may be sleepingoslksrsgksxs

Meena may be singingehukxkrhgksxh

They may earn

Examples

1. They may earn money

os jqI;s dekrs gksxs

2. Mother may prepare food

Ekk [kkuk cukrh gksxh

3. teacher may not teach

v/;kid ugh i

4. Servant may be returning

usksdj ySkV jgk gksxk

5. My father may be sleeping

esjk firk lks jgs gksxs

6. This cow may be giving milk

;g xk; nw/k ns jgk gksxk

7. Karim may be writing

djhe yh[k jgkgksxk

8. They may be climbing the hill

os igkM ij p< jgsgksxs

9. She may be lighting the oven

og pqygk tyk jgh gksxh

10. They may be talking

os cksyjgs gksxs

TEST – 4 - DOUBTFULL PRESENT TENSE

5. PRESENT HABITUAL TENSE

To indicate the action which is habitual

S+ V+ ;kDjrk djrh djrs + gwW gS^ gks gS( for present tense)

subjects

verbs

endings

1

eS^

vk

;k

Djrk djrh

djrs

gwW gS^ gks gS

2

ge;

tk

3

rqe

ih

4

vki

[kk

5

og

xk

6

os

lks

TEST – 5 -PRESENT HABITUAL TENSE

I used to come

We used to play

You used to eat

He used to play

She used to drink

They used to eat

Meena used to sing

6A. SIMPLE PAST TENSE For Intransitive Verb]( lkokU; Hkwrdky Lkdjed )

Intransitive verb is a verb which denotes an action whichdoes not passes over to an object. ( come,sleep, run, cry, laugh, sit )

S+ V + ;k(boy)/ ;h (girl)/ ;s (elders)

SUBJECTS

I

WE

YOU(youngster)

YOU(elder)

HE/SHE/IT

THEY

eS^

ge;

rqe

vki

og

os

VERBS

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

7

Come

Cry

Sit

Sleep

Run

read

Laugh

vk

jks

CkSB

Lkks

nkSM

i<

gWl

example:yMdk vk;k - boy came

yMdh vk;h girl came

yMds vk;s boys came

1. I came . - eS^ vk;k

2. He cried - og jks;k

3. She sat - og CkSBh

4. They slept - os Lkks;s

5. Meena ran - ehuk nkSMh

6. Rama read - रामाi

7. He laughed - oggWlk

exception: go

We went- ge; x;k [ in past tense tk becomes x;k]

6B. SIMPLE PAST TENSE For Transitive Verb ( lkokU; Hkwrdky vdjed )

Transitive verb is a verb which denotes an action whichdoes not passes over to an object. ( eat, drink , write, said, speak )

S+ us + V + ;k (boy)/ ;h (girl)/ ;s (elders)

og+ us = mlus

os+ us = mugksus

dg+ ;k =dgk

fy[k+ ;k =fy[kk

cksy+ ;k =cksyk

1. I ate eSus [kk;k

2. I ate dosai eSus

3. We drankgeSus if;k

4. We drank hot water geSus xje ikuh if;k

5. You said rqeusdgk

6. You wrote rqeus fy[kk

7. He spoke mlus cksyk

8. She spoke in Hindi mlusfहंnh cksyk

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

eat

dhosai

drink

Hot water

say

write

speak

hindi

[kk

fi

xje ikuh

dg

fy[k

cksy

fहंnh

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

buy

Kill

play

see

eat

sing

listen

fruit

[kjhn

ekj

[ksy

ns[k

[kk

xk

lqu

Qy

I bought fruit . - eS^ us Qy [kjhnk

He killed - mlus ekjk

They played - mugksus [ksys

She saw- mlus ns[kh

They ate - mugksus [kk;s

Meena Sang - -ehuk us xk;h

1. I went

2. We played

3. we ate four bananas

4. He played

5. She drank coffee

6. They slept

7. Meena sang

8. Doctor saw viji yesterday

9. Police caught the thieves

10. How many rupees did gaja give to you?

SOME TRANSITIVE VERBS


2018


Eat

Say

Hear

Drink

Give

See

Catch

Kill

Read

Buy

Note:

[ Speak, bring, forget are considered intransitive verbs in hindi]

TEST – 6 ( SIMPLE PAST TENSE )


1. I came 2. He cried3. She sat 4. They slept

5. Meena ran6. I ate7 I ate dosai 8. We drank 9. You said10 You wrote 11. He spoke 12 She spoke in Hindi

13. I bought fruit 14. He killed 15. They played16.She saw

17. They ate 18. Meena Sang - 19.Rufina read 20.Meera laughed


1.eS^ Qy [kjhnk 2 og ekjk 3 os [ksys

4- og ns[kh 5 os [kk;s 6-ehuk xk;h

*************

1. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE ( TRANSITIVE VERB )

1. I saw

2. Rama read

3. We ate

4. Sita wrote a lesion

5. Servant purchased vegetables

2. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE( INTRANSITIVE VERB)

1. We stayed in hotel

2. Where did you stay?

3. They ran fast

4. The train arrived at right time

5. I went to delhi

7. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

To indicate the action which has started earlier but does not indicate whether it is completed or not

S+ V + (jgk jgh jgs) + ( Fkk FkZh Fks )

yMdk vk jgkFkk boy was coming

yMdh vk jgh Fkhgirl was coming

yMds vk jgs Fksgirls were coming

I was coming eS^ vk jgkFkk

We were going ge; tkjgs Fks

You were eatingrqe[kk jgs Fks

He was playingog [ksyjgkFkk

She was drinkingogihjgh Fkh

They were sleepingoslksjgs Fks

Meena was singingehukxkjgh Fkh

TEST - PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. Sarala was reading the lesion

2. Mohan was playing outside

3. What were you doing there

4. The dog was running on the road

5. The girls were talking in the class

8. PAST PERFECT TENSE

To indicate the action which has completed

S+ V+ ;k;h;s + + FkkFkZh Fks

yMdk vk;k+ Fkk boy had come

yMdh vk;h+ Fkhgirl had come

yMds vk;s+ Fksgirls had come

SUBJECTS

VERBS

ENDINGS

1

eS^

vk

;k(boy)

;h(girl)

;s((elders,

plural, II person)

Fkk(boy)

FkZh(girl)

Fks((elders,

plural, II person)

2

ge;

tk

3

rqe

ih

4

vki

[kk

5

og

xk

6

os

lks

TEST - PAST PERFECT TENSE

1. My uncle had come yesterday

2. Where had your father been?

3. He had brought the book

4. We had reached the station in time

5. He had given me a book

6. I had come

7. We had played

8. You had eaten

9. He had played

10. She had drunk

11. They had slept

12. Meena had sung

13.

9. DOUBTFULL PAST TENSE( might have, would have)

To indicate the action which is doubtful

S+ V+ ;k;h;s + gksxkgksxh gksxs

yMdk vk;kgksxkboy might have come

yMdh vk;hgksxh girl might have come

yMds vk;s gksxs girls might have come

SUBJECTS

VERBS

ENDINGS

1

eS^

vk

;k(boy)

;h(girl)

;s(elders,

plural, II person)

gksxk(boy)

gksxh (girl)

gksxs ((elders,

plural, II person)

2

ge;

tk

3

rqe

ih

4

vki

[kk

5

og

xk

6

os

lks

7.

ehuk

[ksy

I might have come eS^vk;kgksxk

We might have gone ge;x;kgksxk[ in past tense tk becomes x;k]

You might have eatenrqe[kk;kgksxk

He might have playedog [ksykgksxk

She might have drunkogih;hgksxh

They might have sleptoslks;sgksxs

Meena might have sungehukxk;hgksxh

Examples

1. He might have gone to village

ogxkox;kgksxk [ tk +;k =x;k]

2. This girl might have told lie

;gyMdh B Ckksyh gksxh

3. You might have heard

rqeus lqukgksxk

4. He might have forgotten

ogHkwy x;sgksxs

5. He would have written four letters

mugksus pkj [kr fy[ks gksxs

6. Raja would have taken tea

jktk us pk; ih;k gksxk

7. You might have seen this picture

vkius ;g fp= ns[kk gksxk

8. How many rupees would he have borrowed

mlus fdruk jqi;k m/kkj fy;sgksxs

9. That lady might not have taken bath

og L=h ugh ugk;hgksxh

10. Mother would have prepared

Ekk cuk;h gksxh

Letter- [kr prepare - cuk, not -ugh

TEST - DOUBTFUL PAST TENSE

1. He might have gone to village

2. Raja might have slept now

3. These coconuts might have come from village.

4. You might have seen him yesterday

5. He might have eaten two mangoes.

10. PAST HABITUAL TENSE

To indicate the action which is habitual

S+ V+ ;kDjrk djrh djrs + FkkFkZh Fks ( for past tense)

yMdkvk;k djrk Fkkboy used to come

yMdhvk;hdjrh Fkhgirl used to come

yMdsvk;sdjrsFksgirls used to come

subjects

verbs

endings

1

eS^

vk

;k

Djrk djrh

djrs

FkkFkZh Fks

2

ge;

tk

3

rqe

ih

gwW gS^ gks gS

4

vki

[kk

5

og

xk

vks dhth;s

6

os

lks

TEST - PAST HABITUAL TENSE

I used to come

We used to play

You used to eat

He used to play

She used to drink

They used to eat

Meena used to sing

11. PAST CONDITIONAL TENSE

To indicate the action which has completed

S+ V+ ;k;h;s + rks +

vxj ;nh yMdk vk;krks

yMdk vk;k + Fkk boy had come

yMdh vk;h + Fkh girl had come

yMds vk;s+ Fks girls had come

subject

vxj

;nh

rk (boy)

rh (girl)

rs(elders,

plural, II person)

rks

rk (boy)

rh (girl)

rs(elders,

plural, II person)

TEST - PAST CONDITIONAL TENSE

1. If you had got up earlier , you would have seen train

2. If you had asked me , I would have helped you

3. If you had invited me I would have come

4. If she had taken the medicine, she would have recovered quickely.

5. If I had money, I would have given you

6. If he had not come this work would not have been completed

7. If they had reached in time they would have got the train

8. If you had gone by the car you would have reached earlier

9. If the cat had seen the rat, it would have killed it

10. If there was water in the tap, we would have finished our bath soon

1. If you have got up earlier you would have seen the sun rise

2. If you had asked me I would have helped you

3. If she had taken the medicine, she would have recovered quickely

4. If he had not come this work would not have been completed.

5. If the cat had seen the rat, it would have killed it.

12. FUTURE TENSE

S+ V + mwwwwwwWxk ( I)/ ,xk (boy)/ ,xh( girl) /,Wxsk(plural)

1. I shall come - ikk; MCq;fheS^ vkmwwwwwwWxk

2. I shall go - ikk; IhCq;fheS^ tkmwwwwwwWxk

3. I shall eat - ikk; fhCq;fh;eS^ [kkmwwwwwwWxk

4. I shall sing - ikk; fhCq;fh eS^ xkmwwwwwwWxkW

5.I shall drink - ikk; gPCq;fh eS^ ihmwwwwwwWxk

6.I shall sleep - ikk; NrhCq;fh eS^ lksmwwwwwwWxk

1. we shall come - `k; MVq;Nf - ge; vk,Wxs

2. we shall go - `k; IhVq;Nf ge; tk,Wxs ^

3. we shall eat - `k; fh(2) Vq;Nf ge; [kk,Wxs

4. we shall sing - `k; fh(3) Vq;Nf ge; xk,Wxs

5.we shall drink - `k; gPVq;Nf ge; ih,Wxs

6.we shall sleep - `k; NrhVq;Nf ge; lks,Wxs

1. He will come - Nth MVfh og vk,xk

2. He will go - Nth IhVfh og tk,xk

3. He will eat -Nth fh(2Vfh og [kk,xk

4. He will sing - Nth fh(3) Vfh og xk,xk

5.He will drink - Nth gPVfh og ih,xk

6.He will sleep - Nth NrhVfh og lk,xk

I shall come. - eS^ vkmwwwwwwWxk

We shall go - ge; tk,Wxk

He will Play- og [ksysxk

She will drinkog ih,xh

They will eat os [kk,Wxs

Meena will sing ehuk xk,xh

tomorrow

in the evening

today

to school

sing

song

national

daily

at night

write

dy

”kkedks

vkt

Ldwy

xk

xhr

jkf’V;

jskt

jkr dks

fy[k

TEST –12( SIMPLEFUTURE TENSE )


1.

2. I shall come

3. I shall come tomorrow

4. I shall come in the evening

5. I shall come today

6. I shall go

7. I shall go to school

8. I shall go to school tomorrow

9. I shall go to college today

10. I shall eat

11. I shall eat mango

12. I shall eat banana

13. I shall eat two bananas

14. We will sing

15. We will sing song

16. We will sing national song

17. He will drink

18. He will drink coffee

19. He will drink hot tea

20. He will drink milk

21. He will drink milk daily

22. He will drink cold water

23. They will sleep

24. They will sleep at night

25. It will drink

26. Ramu will write


1 eS^ tk,Wxk 2.ge; vkmwwwwwwWxk 3. og [ksymwwwwwwWxk

4. eS ih,xh5. os [kkmwwwwwwWxks 6.ehuk xk,xk

7 eS^ us Qy [kkmwwwwwwWxk 8 mlus tk,Wxk 9. mugksus [ksysxk

10 ehuk us ih,xh

1. Where will you go tomorrow?

2. I shall go to mysore

3. What will you see in delhi?

4. She will not go to cinema today

5. They will drink coffee

************

SUMMARY :LESSON – 1- 12

INTRANSITIVE VERB

TENSES

EXAMPLE

1


I come

S+ V +(rk /rs/rh +( gwW gS^ gks gS^ )

2


I am coming

S+ V +(jgk jgh jgs ) + +++ ( gwW gS^ gks gS^ )

3



I have come

S+ V + ;k ;h ;s +( gwW gS^ gks gS^ )

4


I may be coming

S+ V+ rk rh rs + gksxkgksxh gksxs

5


I used to come

S+ V+ ;k Djrk djrh djrs + gwW gS^ gks gS

6

Simple past tense

I came

S+ V + ;k/ ;h

7


I was comming

S+ V + (jgk jgh jgs ) + ( Fkk FkZh Fks )

8

Past perfect tense

I had come

S+ V+ ;k;h;s + Fkk FkZh Fks

9


I may have come

S+ V+ ;k;h;s + gksxkgksxh gksxs

10


I had used to come

S+ V+ ;k Djrk djrh djrs + Fkk FkZh Fks

11


If I had come

vxj / ;nh S+ V + ;krks

12

Simple future

I shall come

S+ V + mwwwwwwWxk /,xk / ,xh ,Wxsk

Eception : go

INTRANSITIVE VERB

TENSES

EXAMPLE

1


I eat

S+ V +(rk /rs/rh +( gwW gS^ gks gS^ )

2


I am eating

S+ V +(jgk jgh jgs ) + +++ ( gwW gS^ gks gS^ )

3



I have eaten

S+ V + ;k ;h ;s +( gwW gS^ gks gS^ )

4


I may be eating

S+ V+ rk rh rs + gksxkgksxh gksxs

5


I used to eat

S+ V+ ;k Djrk djrh djrs + gwW gS^ gks gS

6

Simple past tense

I ate

S+ us + V + ;k/ ;h

7


I was eating

S+us+ V +(jgk jgh jgs) + ( Fkk FkZh Fks )

8

Past perfect tense

I I had eaten

S+us+ V+ ;k;h;s + Fkk FkZh Fks

9


I might have eaten

S+us+V+ ;k;h;s + gksxkgksxh gksxs

10


I had used to come

S+ V+ ;k Djrk djrh djrs + Fkk FkZh Fks

11


If I had eaten

vxj / ;nh S+ V + ;krks

12

Simple future

I shall eat

S+ V + mwwwwwwWxk /,xk / ,xh ,Wxsk

TEST-A

[ simple past tense for transitive and intransitive verb, .simple present tense ,simple future tense ( lkokU; Hkwrdky Lkdjed , vdjed lkokU; ojREkkudky,lkokU; Hkfo’;dky)

Date: Name:

I. Translate into Hindi ( 3 ½ 10 = 35)

1. Raja plays now

2. Train will go to Mumbai

3. Latha sings in the radio

4. Boys ate banana

5. They came from Mysore

6. We slept soundly

7. Postman brings letter

8. She will drink tea

9. I shall come tomorrow

10. He brought food

II. Translate into English: ( 2 5 = 10)

1. ge; tk,Wxk

2. og [ksyrk gS

3. mugksus [kk;s

4. eS^ us Qy [kjhnk

5. ehuk us xk;h

III. Identify the error ( 1 5 = 5)

1. yMdk vk,xh

2. eS^ vkrk

3. yMdk us [kk;h

4. os [kk,Wxs

5. og jks;k

*****************

TEST-B

( past countinuous , present countinuous, doubtfull past and doubtfull present tenses)

Date: Name:


1. Raja is playing now

2. Train might have reached Mumbai

3. Latha is singing in the radio

4. You might have brought my book

5. Train may be coming late

6. Boys were preparing for the examination

7. Kala might have come from Mysore

8. Usha was sleeping soundly

9. In war lot of people might have killed

10. Postman may be bringing letter


1. oslksrs gksxs

2. ge; tkrkgksxk

3. og [ksyk gksxk

4. og [ksy jgk gS

5. rqe [kk jgs Fks


1. rqe[kk gksxk

2.ogih;h gksx

3. og ih jgh

4 og[ksy jgk Fks

5og [ksy gksxk

*****************

TEST-C

( just completed, past perfect, conditional past and habitual tenses)

Date: Name:


1. Raja is playing now

2. Train might have reached Mumbai

3. Latha is singing in the radio

4. You might have brought my book

5. Train may be coming late

6. Boys were preparing for the examination

7. Kala might have come from Mysore

8. Usha was sleeping soundly

9. In war lot of people might have killed

10. Postman may be bringing letter


1 oslksrs gksxs

2 ge; tkrkgksxk

3 og [ksyk gksxk

4 og [ksy jgk gS

5 rqe [kk jgs Fks


1 rqe[kk gksxk

2.ogih;h gksx

3. og ih jgh

4 og[ksy jgk Fkk

1 .Good teachers are coming out

2 Teacher was teaching

3 He made a figure

4 He taught lesson

5 He took them

TEST-D

( simple future tense ( S+V pattern only), auxiliary verb ( am ,is ,are) with verbs : go,come,eat, drink, sleep and sing only noun: name, students, boy, girl, teacher, dog, question words: who, what, how, where, when )

I.TRANSLATE INTO HINDI:


2017

1.


1. I shall come

2. We shall go

3. You will eat

4. You (DAD) will drink

5. He will sleep

6. She will sing

7. It will come

8. They will go

9. I shall drink

10. Boy will come

II. TRANSLATE INTO HINDI TAMIL/ ENGLISH

1.

2. Who are you?

3. How are you?

4. Where is he?

5. When will you come?

6. What is this?

7. I am boy

8. Meena is girl

9. It is dog

10. We are teachers

11. They are students.

1. HABITUAL TENSE

Present: I am in the habit of going to church everyday

Imperative: be coming here daily

Past: I used to take chappathi in delhi

Future: hereafter we will go to school regularly

2. PAST IMPERFECT TENSE

1. Where were you yesterday ?

2. I was in the village yesterday

3. Kamala was not in the house

4. Where did you live formerly?

5. Joseph used to go to church every Sunday

3. PAST PARTICIPLE

1. This story is read by me

2. This song is heard by us

3. Tajmahal is built with marble stone

4. People burn dried wood

5. Boiled water is good for health

CHAPTER - 4- VOICE

( active voice, passive voice , impersonal voice)

1 . Type – 1(past tense )

ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE VOICE

To be removed : us dks ds dh

To be added ls x;k/ x;h

Example:

1. jke us jko.k dks ekjk ----- jke lss jko.k ekjk x;k

2 jfo us ;g dke fd;k -- jfo lss ;g dke fd;k x;k

3. tkufd ;g fpVBh fy[kh ---- tkufd lss ;g fpVBh fy[kh x;h

PASSIVE VOICE TO ACTIVE VOICE

To be removed x;k x;h lss

To be added us dks

jke lss jko.k ekjk x;k--- jke us jko.k dks ekjk

jfo lss ;g dke fd;k x;k- jfo us ;g dke fd;k

tkufd lss ;g fpVBh fy[kh x;h tkufd ;g fpVBh fy[kh

Type – 2 (Future tense)

,xste;jhy; add “ ;h tk;sxh “ with verb

For example

ge jksfV Ckuk,xs ge lss jksfV Ckuk;h tk;sxhs

Type – 3(ldrk te;jhy; )

Verb + vk + tkrk

og nwj py ldrk mlls nwj pyk tkrk

Type – 4( Present tense te;jhy; )

PAST Verb + vk tkrk gS

f“kdkfj f“kdkj djrs gS f“kdkfj ls f“kdkj fd;k tkrk gS

eS^ [ksy [ksyrk gwW eq>ls [ksy [ksyktkrk gS

yMdk i= fy[krk gS yMdk ls i= fy[kk tkrkgS

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