NERVOUS SYSTEMPHYSIOLOGY

1. When there is a problem with the hypothalamus, it is often misdiagnosed as:A. a mental disorder, such as schizophreniaB. a vision problemC. an eating disorderD. a drug dependency problem

2. This part is scattered throughout the brainstem.A. Reticular formationB. PonsC. Medulla OblongataD. Midbrain

3. This part is largely responsible for REM sleep.A. Reticular formationB. PonsC. Medulla OblongataD. Midbrain

4. Which one of the following does the medulla oblongata not help control?A. RespirationB. DigestionC. Heart RateD. Blood vessels (vasoconstriction/dilation)

5. Which part allows communication between the left and right hemispheres?A. DiencephalonB. Corpus CollosumC. CerebellumD. Falx CerebriE. Brainstem

6. There is a control area located in your brain that acts as ‘the captain’ for processing complex thought and integrating it. What is this area called?

A. Darwins B. Sulcus C. Brocas D. Wernickes

7. Neuroglial Cells most accurately can be defined as cells that ____.A. support the nervous systemB. move impulses from the CNS to PNSC. move impulses from the PNS to CNSD. create and store memories via neurological pathways

8. Which part of the nerve cell is responsible for receiving impulses from other nerve cells?A. Hillock B. Axon C. Dendrite D. NaK Channels

9. Which part of the nerve cell is where a charge builds up until a threshold is reached causing the impulse?

A. Hillock B. Axon C. Dendrite D. NaK Channels

10. The myelin sheaths serve to ___________ an impulse.A. pass B. balance C. increase the threshold D. speed up

NERVOUS SYSTEMANATOMY

11-14. Name the parts.

11. 12.

13. 14.

15. Use an arrow to indicate which direction the impulse is traveling. Draw arrow below please.

16-20. Label the parts below.

11

12

13

14

16

17

18

19

20

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY

21-30. Simply write down the name of the organ that does the following function.

This organ is responsible for…

21. initial mechanical breakdown of food so that it is easy to digest once in the stomach

22. absorption of water (primarily)

23. the production of bile which helps break down fat

24. moves produced bile into the large intestine

25. carries out ‘peristalsis’ which is a movement of food

26. mixes food with a slew of enzymes which help break down foods, especially the proteins in the food

27. mixes food with enzymes, specifically pancreatic juices and bile and is the main site of nutrient absorption

28. secretes enzymes especially bicarbonate ions into the small intestine which partly help neutralize acids secreted by the stomach

29. connects the mouth with the esophagus and plays a key role in directing food into the correct tube

30. initiating the chemical breakdown of foods

ANATOMY

31-40 . Label the parts of the digestive system below.

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

SPECIAL SENSES (VISION, HEARING, TASTE, SMELL)PHYSIOLOGY

41. Which part is responsible for controlling the iris and lens shape?A. ConjunctivaB. Suspensory ligamentsC. Vitreous humorD. Ciliary bodyE. Olfactory bulb

42. Which of these words is related to the sense of smell?A. OpticalB. OlfactoryC. OperculumD. Obsolescent

43. In order to work properly, the chemical receptor for detecting smell and taste, must be:A. Dry B. Corrugated (or rippled)C. MoistD. Flat

44. Which of the following does NOT directly contribute to your sense of balance?A. ProprioreceptorsB. EyesC. NocireceptorsD. OtolithsE. All of these do

45. What is the role of the round window?A. It relieves pressure in the inner earB. It magnifies sound waves as it enters your earC. It drains fluid into the throatD. It allows light to pass through it for clearer vision

46. We are not entirely sure how the sense of smell works, but which of the following do we think best explains how we detect a variety of different smells?

A. A single cilia only activate with a specific chemicalB. Taste enhances smell so when we taste something we also can smell a larger variety of thingsC. We have different kinds of cilia in each nostril, so we combine the smells of each to make a new smellD. Molecules stimulate different cilia combined with protein production creates a range of smell possibilities

47. Which of the following should you ICE to in order to help you feel better? >=)A. Strained latissimus dorsiB. Sprained MCLC. Irritated Biceps FemorisD. Torn GastrocnemiusE. Ice them ALL

48. Where do your tears eventually end up?A. The empty space in your middle earB. Your throat/tummyC. In your sinuses to be recycledD. Your lymph glands/nodesE. None of the above

49. What shape does your tympanic membrane have?

A. B. C. D. E.

50. Which part would you find in a cow but not in a human?A. Lens B. Optic Disk C. Tapetum D. Vitreous Humor

SPECIAL SENSES (EYE AND EAR)ANATOMY

51-55. Match the parts of the eye with picture below.

A. Lens B. Ciliary Body C. Retina D. Sclera

E. Vitreous Humor AB. Cornea AC. Optic Nerve AD. Optic Disk

53

52

55

54

51

56-60. Match the labeled parts of the ear with their proper name.

A. Incus B. Cochlea C. Pinna D. Semicircular canal

E. Malleus AB. Tympanic membrane AC. Auditory Canal AD. Stapes

MUSCULATORYPHYSIOLOGY

61. Specifically, what kind of cell is responsible for getting the message from the brain to the muscle? A. Voluntary Nerve CellB. Germ Nerve CellC. Somatic Nerve CellD. Peripheral Nerve Cell

62. At the axon bulb, the action potential triggers the release of ______. A. Acetylcholinesterase B. Acetylcholine C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin

63. What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell called? A. Sarcolemma B. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum C. Synapsis D. Sarcomere

64. What is responsible for degrading/removing Acetylcholine? A. Acetylcholinesterase B. Acetylcholine C. Potassium D. Sodium

5857

59

56 60

65-70. What muscle is responsible for…

65. Flexing at the elbow?

66. Flexing at the knee?

67. Dorsal flexion (pointing) of the foot?

68. Adducting the arms (as if you flapped your arms like a bird)?

69. Flexing at the waist (as if you were doing a sit up)?

70. Twisting at the waist (or doing a side sit up)?

MUSCULATORYANATOMY

71-80. Label the following major muscles.

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

SKELETAL SYSTEM (WITH KNEE)PHYSIOLOGY

81. Which part of the skeletal system is responsible for holding bones together?A. Tendon B. Cartilage C. Periosteum D. Ligaments

82. Which part of the skeletal system is responsible for attaching muscles to bones?A. Tendon B. Cartilage C. Periosteum D. Ligaments

83. Which ligament of the knee is responsible for keeping the knee stable as when you would go up the steps?

A. MCL B. PCL C. ACL D. LCL

84. The part of your knee (or any joint) most likely deteriorates with arthritis?A. Ligaments B. Cartilage C. Tendons D. Synovial Fluid

85. What is the lining of the bones called that is the passage way for nutrients into the bone?A. Arteries B. Tendons C. Carpal Tunnel D. Periosteum

86. Which part of the skeletal system manufacturers red blood cells?A. Marrow B. Periosteum C. Growth Plates D. Epiphyseal Plates

87. What have you most likely injured if you repeatedly jump on flat ground or run up steps?A. Patellar tendon B. MCL C. ACL D. Meniscus

88. You do a ‘drawer’ test on an injured knee. That is, you pull/push on the tibia while the patient is isolated on a table. What are you testing to see if there is an injury?

A. ACL/PCL B. MCL/LCL C. Cartilage D. Tendons

89. You do rotations of the knee joint on an injured athlete. What are you most likely testing to see if it is injured?

A. ACL/PCL B. MCL/LCL C. Cartilage D. Tendons

90. Females are more likely to injure their knees than are males in high school athletic events? Why is this?

A. They are genetically inferiorB. They have weaker musclesC. They don’t have as much athletic experienceD. They have outward turning hips

SKELETAL SYSTEMANATOMY

91-100. Label the parts of the skeleton in the picture below.

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMPHYSIOLOGY

101-107. What is the function of each of the following cardiovascular ‘parts’? In other words, where will the blood go next if it is currently in/at the (NO ANSWERS WILL BE CAPILLARIES!):

101. left ventricle

102. muscles

103. inferior vena cava

104. right atrium

105. tricuspid valve

106. aorta

107. lungs

108-109. Are the following vessels carrying oxygenated or uunoxygenated blood?

108. Superior vena cava

109. Pulmonary vein

110. What is the role of the pericardium?A. Protect the heartB. Help regulate heart beatC. Help control blood pressureD. Aid in gas exchange

CARDIOVASCULARANATOMY

111-120. Label the parts of the heart below.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMPHYSIOLOGY

121. Carbon Dioxide is crucial to our survival? True or False?

122. What is the purpose of breathing?A. It provides our bodies with the fuel needed to complete glycolysis, the Kreb’s Cycle, and the ETCB. It allows our cells to store energyC. It allows for DNA replicationD. It helps process wastes from metabolic activity

123. What is the role of cilia?A. It gives flexibility to our bronchial tubesB. It helps direct things down the correct tube (esophagus or trachea)C. It is the site for the exchange of gasesD. It helps keep large particles from entering our lungs

111.

112.

113.

114.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

124. What is the role of the capillaries?A. It gives flexibility to our bronchial tubesB. It helps direct things down the correct tube (esophagus or trachea)C. It is the site for the exchange of gasesD. It helps keep large particles from entering our lungs

125. Which structure stays open when breathing and keeps air in the trachea, not the esophagus?A. Bronchials B. Cilia C. Alveoli D. Epiglottis

126. Which of the following is a good explanation as to why smokers get lung cancer easier than non-smokers?

A. Cellular division acceleratesB. Cilia are killedC. Bronchial tubes become less flexibleD. Increased likelihood of alveoli rupturesE. All of the above

127. How does hemoglobin know where to deliver oxygen rich blood?A. It looks for high concentrations of oxygenB. It is entirely randomC. It swaps at high carbon dioxide sitesD. It delivers to the brain first

128. What is the first major organ a freshly inhaled oxygen molecule visits AFTER the lungs?A. Brain B. Muscle C. Heart D. Stomach

129. About what percent of your whole blood are RBC’s?A. 8% B. 22% C. 45% D. 55% E. 92%

130. What do platelets do?A. fights disease B. helps blood clot C. carry oxygen D. carries antibodies

RESPIRATORY SYSTEMANATOMY

131-140. Label the parts.

132. Is the trachea anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

CELL PARTS/DNAPHYSIOLOGY

141. The act of doubling your DNA is called:A. DNA DuplicationB. DNA ReproductionC. DNA CopyficationD. DNA Replication

131.

132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

137.

138.

139.

140.

142. What does DNA helicase do?A. Glues the pieces/fragments of copied DNA togetherB. Matches the proper pairs up to make the copy of DNAC. Finds the starting point on the original DNA strand to begin copyingD. Unzips the DNA strand so we can get to the important code inside

143. What does the vacuole in the cell do?A. Stores energyB. Stores food materialC. Stores essential parts for the cellD. Stores fats

144. Every code (or gene) on our DNA codes for a very specific ____.A. DNAB. Double HelixC. VirusD. Protein

145. This cell part allows things to move about the cell as needed.A. MitochondriaB. EPRC. Golgi Complex/ApparatusD. Nucleus

146. RNA is best described as...A. Two strands of DNAB. A single copy of all of the DNA in a cellC. DNA when it is condensedD. One half of a DNA molecule

147. DNA and RNA have a strong 'backbone' that is made of which of the following?A. Sugar and CarbonB. Phosphate and SulfurC. Oxygen and SulfurD. Sugar and Phosphate

148. Which of these parts is most like the trash can of a cell?A. RibosomeB. LysosomeC. Cell MembraneD. EPR

149. Where does protein synthesis begin?A. RibosomesB. NucleusC. Golgi Complex/ApparatusD. Lysosome

150. Which of the following cell parts is responsible for letting materials into the cell or keeping material out of the cell?

A. Cell MembraneB. LysosomeC. EPRD. DNA

CELL PARTSANATOMY

151-160. Label the parts.

151. 156.

152. 157.

153. 158.

154. 159.

155. 160.

160

151

157

159

158

156

155

154

153

152