ashiato108349531.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewAnnotated Bibliography. Yohta Shimizu. University of Illinois . Author Note. Yohta Shimizu, MS in Library and Information Science

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotated Bibliography

Yohta Shimizu

University of Illinois

Author Note

Yohta Shimizu, MS in Library and Information Science

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Yohta Shimizu,

MS in Library and Information Science.

Contact: [email protected]

In the following, I ordered sources by subtopic of my research. Subtopics are also in

order of my research flow, starting with initial research question about echo chamber, and moved

to serendipity as a solution to echo chamber. Then I searched some example to see what kind of

experiments have done in the past.

Separated files can be retrieved from

[Annotated_Bibliography(separatedfile)_Yohta_Shimizu.zip]

1


1.Sunstein, C. R. (2009). Republic.com 2.0

ISBN:978-0-691-14328-6

Source type: Book

a) In his book Sunstein stresses that the Web offers more goods to users, but he also warns that

the Web fragments us into ever-smaller niches by its nature. He indicates that if we used the

Web without considering an opposing viewpoint, we can easily lead ourselves to have

polarized opinion. Although Sunstein leaves us some ambiguous room for interpretation on

the merits and drawbacks of Web, he points out the potential features of echo chamber and

triggered many papers and discussions about this issue.

b) I found this book when I was writing a short paper for an academic writing course in Japan.

c) I was looking for some academic papers about online debate on Google Scholar, and

foundthe book from one of the papers’ reference lists.

d) I found the source from the list of recommended books in the newspaper I read in my

country. The newspaper provides list of recommended books on Sunday. The full-text book

is available at UIUC library.

2


e) Screenshot attached.

f) Aside from current metadata above, I would add the country of publication and an author’s

brief background. This is because the author’s geographical and social position would

influence his/her arguments, and knowing this additional information would help readers

grasp the broader understanding of points made by the source.

3


g) LCSH for "Internet"

Internet

URI(s)

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816

info:lc/authorities/sh92002816

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh92002816#concept

Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept

Scheme Membership(s)

Library of Congress Subject Headings

Collection Membership(s)

LCSH Collection - Authorized Headings

LCSH Collection - General Collection

LCSH Collection - May Subdivide Geographically

Variants

DARPA Internet

Broader Terms

Wide area networks (Computer networks)

Narrower Terms

Art and the Internet

4



http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/collection_SubdivideGeographically

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/collection_LCSH_General

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/collection_LCSHAuthorizedHeadings

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept

http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#Authority

http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#Topic



Dance and the Internet

Folklore and the Internet

Internet addresses

Language and the Internet

Libraries and the Internet

Literature and the Internet

Museums and the Internet

Music and the Internet

Poetry and the Internet

Theater and the Internet

WAIS (Information retrieval system)

Wireless Internet

Related Terms

World Wide Web

Exact Matching Concepts from Other Schemes

Internet

http://content.glin.gov/subjectTerm/1249

Closely Matching Concepts from Other Schemes

Assurance sur Internet

Bandes dessinées sur Internet

Banque sur Internet

Brevet informatique et Internet (éducation)

Certificat informatique et Internet (éducation)

5

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15596949v

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155732202

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12564371v

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15792849z


http://content.glin.gov/subjectTerm/1249

http://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/35066















Cyberconsommation

Droit d'auteur -- Internet

Droit international privé -- Internet

Espaces publics multimédias

Expositions virtuelles

Internet

Internet -- Aspect économique

Internet -- Droit européen

Internet -- Protection de la jeunesse

Internet sur le téléphone

Lecture sur écran

Modes électroniques de règlement des litiges

Musique sur Internet

Recrutement sur Internet

Réputation numérique

Stockage en ligne (informatique)

Earlier Established Forms

Internet (Computer network)

Sources

found: Work cat.: 92016450: Malamud, C. Exploring the Internet : a

technical travelogue, c1993.

found: Quarterman, J.S. The Matrix, c1990: p. 278-345 (Internet is an

internetwork of many networks all running the TCP/IP protocol suite, connected

6

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15563676k

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16222214g


http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12573610f



http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13559971n


http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16658945f

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13558197w

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12337059x

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14559568s

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13607572j

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13507813p

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14571911d

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15791345z


through gateways, and sharing common name and address spaces. It is large not

only covering the United States, but also extending to Canada, Europe, and Asia)

found: Engr. index: v. 89, pt. VII, p. 5071.

found: Byte. Feb. 1992, "Applying the Internet": p. 111-118.

found: OCLC Micro: v. 6, No. 4, Aug. 1990, p. 36-37 (Internet is an

interconnected set of networks that is primarily North American in origin and use,

but is increasingly developing connections to worldwide information resources. It

started with ARPAnet, a wide-area experimental network connecting host and

terminal servers)

found: 94234135: Brown, S. The Internet via Mosaic and World Wide

Web, c1994 (Although the World Wide Web is primarily used on a global scale

as a part of the Internet, it is feasible for a two-machine network to run the WWW

client/server software. Many corporations are looking into WWW as an

inexpensive yet up-to-date method of handling hypermedia applications on a local

area network.)

notfound: ASTI;Hennepin;IAC;McGraw-Hill dict. sci. tech.;Random

House;Web. 3

LC Classification

HM851

TK5105.875.I57

ZA4195-ZA4201

Change Notes

2000-04-28: new

7


2016-09-24: revised

Alternate Formats

RDF/XML (MADS and SKOS)

N-Triples (MADS and SKOS)

JSON (MADS/RDF and SKOS/RDF)

MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

8

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.marcxml.xml

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.madsxml.xml

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.skos.json

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.skos.nt

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.skos.rdf

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.madsrdf.json

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.madsrdf.nt

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.madsrdf.rdf

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.json

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.nt

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh92002816.rdf


2. Karlsen, R., Steen-Johnsen, K., Wollebæk, D., & Enjolras, B. (2017). Echo chamber and

trench warfare dynamics in online debates.

doi: 10.1177/0267323117695734

Source type: Journal Article

a) This article introduces an alternative idea of echo chambers based on the claim made by

Sunstein and others, that online discussion would lead users to echo chambers. Authors of

this article argue that the dynamics of online debates could be more aptly described by the

logic of ‘trench warfare,’ in which opinions are reinforced through contradiction as well as

confirmation. However, authors also argue that neutral two-side arguments have a weaker

effect on reinforcement than confirming and contradicting arguments, which suggests that

online debates with neutral arguments could potentially contribute to collective learning.

b) I found this article when I was searching for academic journals about echo chamber for the

academic writing class in Japan. Since I read the basic idea of echo chambers from the other

books prior to this source, I was looking for some academic papers about online debate on

Google Scholar and found this source.

c) When I was writing a literature review for Republic.com 2.0(Sunstein, 2009) in Japan, I was

looking for some sources related to Republic.com 2.0. My strategy was to analyze echo

chamber from multiple perspectives, and I found argument of this source unique because it

describes echo chamber in different term.

9


d) I found this from Google Scholar with the keyword: “echo chamber.” The link from Google

Scholar lead me to the website of the European Journal of Communication in Sage Journals. The

European Journal of Communication is a journal in the field of communication research, and it

publishes peer-reviewed research from European scholars or of particular interest to them. Full-

text text was available from the collection.


f) Although most of the metadata that I think needed are covered, I would add the region that the

research took place. So Scandinavia, or Norway, for example.

g) LCSH for “Trench warfare”

Trench warfare

Use as a topical subdivision under individual wars.

URI(s)


10





Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept




LCSH Collection - Subdivisions

LCSH Collection - Topic Subdivisions


Pattern Heading - Wars


Guerra di posizione

Guerre de tranchées

General Notes

Use as a topical subdivision under individual wars.

Example Notes

Reference under the general see reference [Trench warfare]

Change Notes

2001-07-24: new

2006-05-09: revised

11


http://purl.org/bncf/tid/50366

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/collection_PatternHeadingH1200


http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/collection_TopicSubdivisions

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/collection_Subdivisions






Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

12













3. Bawden, D. (2011). Encountering on the road to Serendip? Browsing in new information environments.

ISBN: 978-1-85604-973-3

Source Type: Book Section

a) In the past, browsing was seen as a method of finding information in printed sources,

mainly because of lack of tools or indexing to assist searching. However, Bawden argues that browsing behavior in information seeking remains popular, even though the technology of searching information has evolved. In this source Bawden explains that people find merit in browsing because sometimes it leads us to information we hadn’t expected.

b) I found this source from the reading list from the seventh week of lecture. At this point, I

was searching for systematical approach for serendipity. In other word, I was curious what kind of environment would lead information seekers more likely to encounter serendipity.

c) The source is one of the required readings from the seventh week of lecture. My strategy was to finding out what kind of environment would more likely to lead information seekers to encounter serendipity, as a solution to echo chamber.

d) The source was taken from the first chapter of In Innovations in information retrieval: Perspectives for theory and practice, published by facet publishing. The book covers various researches and issues in the context of information retrieval. Other topics discussed in the book ranged from classification in general, to music information retrieval research. Full-text of chapter is available from seventh week of the lecture page.

13



f) Metadata for this source is decently covered. Adding keyword tags such as “serendipity” or “information retrieval” may help, but I noticed Readership information (Screenshot above) would work as an alternative for information professional who search it by keywords.

g) LCSH for " Information retrieval”

Information retrieval

URI(s)




Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

14





SKOS Concept







Variants

Data retrieval

Data storage

Discovery, Information

Information discovery

Information storage and retrieval

Retrieval of information

Broader Terms

Documentation

Information science

Narrower Terms

Authority files (Information retrieval)

Clumps (Information retrieval)

Content-based image retrieval

Cross references (Information retrieval)

Cross-language information retrieval

Electronic information resource searching

Information services

15
















Library research

Metadata harvesting

Searching, Bibliographical

Web browsing

Related Terms

Information storage and retrieval systems

Change Notes

1986-02-11: new

2016-07-08: revised

Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

16


















4. Erdelez, S., Heinström, J., Makri, S., Björneborn, L., Beheshti, J., Toms, E., & Agarwal, N. K. (2016). Research perspectives on serendipity and information encountering: Research Perspectives on Serendipity and Information Encountering.

doi: 10.1002/pra2.2016.14505301011

Source type: Journal Article

a) This paper describes the multiple perspectives about serendipity and information encountering, in terms of Library and Information Science (LIS). Although the term “serendipity” existed since the 1960’s, authors clarified that the use of the term in the field of LIS has increased exponentially since the 1990’s. Researchers from related field makes clear the importance of research for serendipity and also provide us with various issues and challenges in this field of study.

b) I was looking for sources about the definition of “serendipity” by Erdelez and encountered this source, because I saw her citation several times during my research and her definition seemed most informative to me. This source was one of the reference sources in Encountering on the road to Serendip? (Bawden,2011).

c) In the beginning, I searched for the paper by Erdelez on Information Science Easy Search. During my search process, however, I encountered this source and found it more informative than the one I had looked for. Since I was aware that Erdelez published multiple papers about serendipity, I compared abstracts of her latest papers and chose the one that best answered my question.

d) I found this source from the reference list of Bawden’s paper. His paper focused on the concept of information retrieval, and serendipity was one of the examples. Thus, many of the reference lists were also related to serendipity. Full-text text was available from the collection.

17



f) Since this paper was written by several authors from different institutions, I would add the research method each researcher used to help readers understand the background of each argument. This may also help readers choose the partial arguments from the paper.

g) LCSH for "Learning by discovery"

Learning by discovery

URI(s)




Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept


18










Variants

Discovery, Learning by

Broader Terms

Learning, Psychology of


Apprentissage par la découverte

Change Notes

1986-02-11: new

Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

19


















5.André, P., schraefel, m. c., Teevan, J., & Dumais, S. T. (2009). Discovery is never by chance: designing for (un)serendipity.

doi: 10.1145/1640233.1640279

Source type: Conference Paper

a) The main argument of the authors is that previous research on serendipity has focused primarily on only one aspect of serendipity, which is chance encounters. In reality, however, for serendipity to be valuable chance encounters must be synthesized into insight. The paper tries to provide some clues about how to induce serendipity by exploring the role of environment and how we can better enable serendipitous discoveries more readily and immediately.

b) I found this source at the very last stage of my research process. One of my fellow graduate student let me know this source when we were discussing at the other class whether computer itself would provide us a new insight.

c) Since this source was introduced by my fellow graduate student, I didn’t have any strategy for finding this source. But I think learning foundation of computer science helped me understand the meaning of this source in depth, because I would have missed the point if I had no understanding about features of computer.

d) This source is available from ResearchGate. ResearchGate is a portal network website forscientists and researchers. We can search various sources by subject area and keyword. In terms of authors, they can find what type of user read the source based on users’ information who logged in. Thus, it is one type of a interactive information retrieval platform. Full-text is available as of November 7.

20



f) I would add keywords for the source as metadata. Keywords are included in the source, but I would put them on collection page (screenshot above) to help information seeker retrieve this source with ease.

g) LCSH for " Information storage and retrieval systems”

Information storage and retrieval systems

This heading may be further subdivided by subject, e.g. [Information storage and retrieval systems--Accounting.]

URI(s)




Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept

21











Variants

Automatic data storage

Automatic information retrieval

Automation in documentation

Computer-based information systems

Data processing systems

Data storage and retrieval systems

Discovery systems, Information

Information discovery systems

Information processing systems

Information retrieval systems

Machine data storage and retrieval

Mechanized information storage and retrieval systems

Broader Terms

Computer systems

Electronic information resources

Narrower Terms

3RIP (Information retrieval system)

ADLIB (Information retrieval system)

AIS (Information retrieval system)

22










Automatic abstracting

Automatic classification

BASIS-E (Information retrieval system)

BIBLIOS (Information retrieval system)

BLAISE (Information retrieval system)

BURK III (Information retrieval system)

C I S S (Information retrieval system)

Campus WorkLink : NGR (Information retrieval system)

CANIND71 (Information retrieval system)

CLAP (Information retrieval system)

Codat (Information retrieval system)

DAVID (Information retrieval system)

DOBIS (Computer system)

DRL (Computer program language)

ELIAS (Information retrieval system)

EUREKA (Information retrieval system)

FAMULUS (Information retrieval system)

FAUST (Information retrieval system)

FERRET (Information retrieval system)

GaleNet (Information retrieval system)

GIPSY (Information retrieval system)

GOLEM (Information retrieval system)

GUIDE-O (Information retrieval system)

Harmonie (Information retrieval system)

HIBROWSE (Information retrieval system)

23



























IBAS (Information retrieval system)

Indiana Infonet (Information retrieval system)

Information filtering systems

Information networks

Intrex (Information retrieval system)

ISORID (Information retrieval system)

KAMA (Information retrieval system)

KONKAT (Information retrieval system)

LCS (Information retrieval system)

LIBRIS (Information retrieval system)

LITSYS (Information retrieval system)

LOCIS (Information retrieval system)

MADOK (Information retrieval system)

Magnacard data processing system

MELVYL (Information retrieval system)

Microfilm aperture card systems

MIND (Computer system)

MINSK-ARDIS (Information retrieval system)

Multi-State Information System

Multimedia systems

NEXIS (Information retrieval system)

OCLC PRISM (Information retrieval system)

OhioLINK (Information retrieval system)

Okapi (Information retrieval system)

Omnidata (Computer system)

24



























Online library catalogs--Subject access

ORBIT (Information retrieval system)

Permutation indexes

Picture archiving and communication systems

PIS (Information retrieval system)

PRISM (Computer system)

Project Spires

Punched card systems

QUERY (Information retrieval system)

Rede SABI (Information retrieval system)

REMARC (Information retrieval system)

RESI (Information retrieval system)

RLIN (Information retrieval system)

SAMKAT (Information retrieval system)

SAOL (Computer system)

SATIN 1 (Information retrieval system)

SCARABÉE (Information retrieval system)

Selective dissemination of information

Selling--Information storage and retrieval systems

SERaT (Information retrieval system)

SESAM (Information retrieval system)

SISMAKOM (Information retrieval system)

SMART (Information retrieval system)

STAIRS (Information retrieval system)

STATUS (Information retrieval system)

25



























SYNTOL (Information storage and retrieval system)

TAUBIPE (Information retrieval system)

Text processing (Computer science)

TRAMPS (Information retrieval system)

UNDIS (Information retrieval system)

United Nations Optical Disk System (Information retrieval system)

WAIS (Information retrieval system)

Z39.50 Profile for Access to Digital Collections

Related Terms

Data libraries

Digital libraries

Information organization

Information retrieval

General Notes

This heading may be further subdivided by subject, e.g. [Information storage and retrieval systems--Accounting.]

Change Notes

1999-12-27: new

2016-07-29: revised

Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

26


















MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

6.Maloney, A., & Conrad, L. (2016). Expecting the Unexpected: Serendipity, Discovery, and the Scholarly Research Process. SAGE Publications Inc.

doi: 10.4135/wp160129.1

Source Type:Report

a) In the report, Maloney and Conrad clarify the dynamic effect and mechanism of serendipity.

27









In explaining serendipity, they take some of the experiments made in both academic and commercial fields as an example and argue that the concept of serendipity is defined by two key components: accident and sagacity. Aside from introducing some examples, the report gives us some insightful proposal about how information professionals can facilitate this type of unplanned discovery.

b) The report was one of the assigned readings from the seventh lecture of Information

Organization & Access.

c) I found source from the reading list from seventh lecture of Information Organization &

Access. My strategy was to find the suitable definition of serendipity, because serendipity was one of the keywords for my research on echo chamber. I chose this resource because this report not only provides some definition of serendipity, but also concisely describes the effect of serendipity and how it works.

d) As I wrote above, this source was one of the assigned readings from the seventh lecture of the class. Since the theme of the class that week was “Interfaces, Searches, and Discovery” the other sources ranged from interfaces like CMS to framework of information seeking. This source would be labeled as discovery. All the sources for the class were full-text.


28

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 29


f) Although this report includes insightful analysis from multiple fields, metadata at collection

page (screenshot above) seemed very poor to me. Thus, I would add more keywords about

some topics discussed in the report, such as “e- commerce”.

g) LCSH for "Serendipity"

Serendipity

URI(s)




Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept







Broader Terms

Chance


Sérendipité

30












Change Notes

1986-02-11: new

1994-11-30: revised

Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

31













7.Telekom Romania Digital Advert

Retrieved from //www.adsoftheworld.com/media/digital/telekom_romania_vloggers_swap

Source type: Video Recording

a) The project is about online experiment made by Telekom Romania. The telecommunications company in Romania Project called Vloggers’ Swap was made by deep analysis of the data of different Vlog channels on Youtube, and showed opposite view of interest of customer’s preference one day. Although quantitative impact was not clarified from the source, according to the source, this experiment was generally perceived positively and helped Vlog channel appeal to people they normally wouldn’t reach.

b) I found this source when I was searching something that can be a solution or counteraction to echo chambers. There were many theories or academic papers about echo chamber, but as I go over the theory about echo chamber, I felt I needed an example of concrete action about this issue and came up with this source.

c) After searched for echo chamber and its effect on an academic database for a while I stepped back and tried to search on Google. There were some ideas about experiment or campaign, but I chose the one which was actually done and seemed sustainable (benefit both users and people who launched campaign).

d) I found this source in Ads of the World. Ads of the World is the portal web site that user can access unique ads from all over the world. The ad itself was aired in Romania in May 2018, and full video can be retrieved from the website as of Oct.25 2018.


32

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 33


f) I noted there were no tags like “echo chamber” or “filter bubble” for this source. Using tags like these term would help researchers, but I also wouldn't put a tag like echo chamber, because the portal website is open to general users, and I assume the objective of the ad is to reach users who never thought of echo chamber. For this source, giving the impression that the ad is "cool" is more important than putting academic term, which sometimes seems overwhelming to general users.

g) LCSH for "Internet videos "

Internet videos

URI(s)




Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept







Variants

Net videos

Online videos

34










Web videos

Broader Terms

Video recordings

Web sites

Narrower Terms

Video blogs


Vidéos sur internet

Sources

found: Work cat.: 2007010930: Miller, M. YouTube4U, 2006 (YouTube is a video sharing site; used for viewing videos and also uploading your own videos to the YouTube site; often used to to share videos on MySpace, the social networking site)

found: YouTube.com. viewed Mar 14, 2007 (Internet videos; Online videos)

found: Getdemocracy.com. viewed Mar 14, 2007 (Internet videos; Net videos)

found: Msnbc.msn.com. viewed Mar 14, 2007 (from Brad Stone's column Plain text: Internet videos; Web videos)

LC Classification

TK5105.8867

Change Notes

2007-03-28: new

2007-03-29: revised

Alternate Formats


35









MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

36












9. Diversity and the Challenges Facing Asian Cities Today. Retrieved from https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-services/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/1995-global-cultural-diversity-conference-proceedings-sydney/public-policy-and-diversity/diversity-and-the-challenges-facing

Source type: web page

a) The report summarizes several features and issues Asian cities currently facing today. Driven by increasing number of the workforce from the domestic countryside and neighboring countries, Asian countries are facing more and more diverse society, which is different from that of the States or Europe. This report provides some of instances in Singapore and proposes some of the insight that Asian cities manage more diversified society.

b) I needed an evidence to support my premise, which is East Asians are more vulnerable to echo chamber because of our uniformity. I was searching such sources by keyword: “Asia” and “diversity” on general Google search, and found this source.

c) I found this source when I was searching diversity in East Asia. My hypothesis was more opportunities of serendipity could be a solution to echo chamber, and diversity is the key factor to the serendipity. Although the source doesn't focus on East Asia, I felt East Asian society has many things to learn from diverse society in the country like Singapore and chose this source.

d) Since I searched this source through a general online search on Google, I tried to qualify the source. In the collection, there were blog posts or websites, but some of them contained few pieces of evidence to support their argument. Thus, I chose this source with decent evidence and perspective from several viewpoints. Full-text text was available from the collection.

37

https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-services/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/1995-global-cultural-diversity-conference-proceedings-sydney/public-policy-and-diversity/diversity-and-the-challenges-facing





Last updated: 16 May 2018

f) Since this paper had few metadata and published by Australian Government, I would include Declaration of conflicting interests or Funding, if the paper had any. I would include this metadata to clarify the position writer take, to avoid misleading discussion.

g) LCSH for "Multiculturalism "

Multiculturalism

Here are entered works on policies or programs that foster the preservation of different cultural identities, including customs, languages, and beliefs, within a unified society such as a state or nation. Works on the condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one society are entered under [Cultural pluralism] Works on the blending of elements from two or more cultures, often producing a distinctive successor culture, are entered under [Cultural fusion.]

URI(s)


38





Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept







Variants

Cultural diversity policy

Cultural pluralism--Government policy

Cultural pluralism policy

Ethnic diversity policy

Multiculturalism--Government policy

Broader Terms

Social policy

Narrower Terms

Biculturalism

Diversity in the workplace

Music--Effect of multiculturalism on

Related Terms

39













Anti-racism

Cultural fusion

Cultural pluralism

Ethnicity

Sources

found: UMI business vocab. (Ethnic diversity, use Multiculturalism and pluralism)

found: Random House.

found: Am. heritage dict. (multicultural)

found: ERIC thes. (Multiculturalism use Cultural pluralism)

found: Hennepin.

found: Hirschhorn, B. New York Times words and issues, c1985.

found: LC database, March 12, 1993.

LC Classification

BD175.5.M84

HM1271

General Notes

Here are entered works on policies or programs that foster the preservation of different cultural identities, including customs, languages, and beliefs, within a unified society such as a state or nation. Works on the condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one society are entered under [Cultural pluralism] Works on the blending of elements from two or more cultures, often producing a distinctive successor culture, are entered under [Cultural fusion.]

Example Notes

Notes under [Cultural fusion; Cultural pluralism]

Change Notes

1993-03-22: new

40






2008-05-22: revised

Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

41













10. Takano, Y., & Sogon, S. (2008). Are Japanese More Collectivistic Than Americans?: Examining Conformity in In-Groups and the Reference-Group Effect.

doi: 10.1177/0022022107313902

a) This article analyses the validity of the common view that Japanese are more collectivistic than American. Authors of the article Takano and Sogon challenge our assumption by pointing out the lack of evidence between the common view and empirical research in the past. Through research for 40 groups of 140 Japanese students, authors concluded that Japanese conform no more than Americans in groups.

b) I found this article when I was searching for evidence to support my hypothesis. My hypothesis was that East Asian people are more vulnerable to echo chamber, because we're collectivistic and less diverse.

c) My search started with assumption above, so I searched with keywords: "Asian", "diversity", “echo chamber”. I was searching for paper in the field of comparative culture. There were many papers about a comparison between East Asian culture and Western culture, but there were surprisingly few sources to support my assumption. I noticed that this assumption is problematic as I went on with my research. Thus, I changed my scope and found this source that counter argues my initial assumption.

d) I found this source from the digital collection of Takano's paper at the University of Tokyo. Takano is a socio-phycologist at the University of Tokyo and published many papers and books in this field of comparative culture, especially between Japan and the States, and his argument seemed the most evidence-based among what I found.

42



f) Metadata for this source seemed fairly covered the information for the source. Article information covered all the information I needed to retrieve this paper, including DOI, profile of authors, and publication information. Keywords assigned for this source are detailed enough, so that I could find this in an unknown search.

g) LCSH for " Collectivism "

Collectivism

URI(s)




43



Instance Of

MADS/RDF Topic

MADS/RDF Authority

SKOS Concept







Narrower Terms

Communism

Fascism

Government ownership

Socialism

Related Terms

Totalitarianism

Exact Matching Concepts from Other Schemes

http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29158


Collectivisme

Collettivismo

Kollektivismus

LC Classification

HX

44

http://d-nb.info/gnd/4164683-6

http://purl.org/bncf/tid/34271

http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13319096b

http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_29158














Change Notes

1986-02-11: new

Alternate Formats




MADS - RDF/XML

MADS - N-Triples

MADS/RDF - JSON

SKOS - RDF/XML

SKOS - N-Triples

SKOS - JSON

MADS/XML

MARC/XML

45












Documents

ashiato108349531.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewAnnotated Bibliography. Yohta Shimizu. University of Illinois . Author Note. Yohta Shimizu, MS in Library and Information Science