‘Our MigrationStory’

ProjectMigration (movement of people), Immigration (the arrival of people into a country) Emigration (people leaving a country)Migration has shaped the culture and history of the British Isles for thousands of

years. Over the coming weeks we are going to investigate our community and country’s ‘migration story’.

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Over our final half term you will be completing research on migration to Britain from the Romans to today.

Booklets will be handed in when we return to school and there will be prizes for the best research projects!

Work through the tasks below and tick them off as you complete them:

Week 1

Page 2. Create your cover pagePage 3. First page – overview of Ancient migrationPage 4. Ivory Bangle Lady – complete questions and add to your booklet

Week 2

Page 5. Start your overview timeline – add in Ancient migration

Page 6. Complete the tasks on Medieval migration and the Ipswich Man

Add your findings about Medieval migration to your timeline

Week 3

Page 8. Complete the overview task on Early modern migration

Page 9. Complete the questions about black people in Tudor Britain and add to your booklet

Add your findings about Early Modern migration to your timeline

Lesson 1 - IntroductionGetting Started:This term you will be completing the tasks given and your own research to create a booklet all about the history of migration to the British Isles.

All students will:- A detailed timeline of Britain’s history of migration- Read and answer question about specific individuals, groups and periods- Produce your own ‘oral history’ research to find out about your family’s experience of migration to, from and within the British Isles.

Some students will:- Complete extra research for each time period to make their booklet full of interesting details- Work extra hard to make sure your work is really well presented with lots of interesting sources to support

your research

Thinking like a Historian:The first key thing we need to understand is that the past is a vast (big!) area to study. As such, historians break down the past into chunks of centuries which have similar c h a r a c te r i s ti c s .

The Ancient Era: 480 BC -450AD

The time of the ancient civilizations that you may have heard of such as the Ancient Greeks and Romans.

The Medieval Era: 450 AD – 1450

A time when kingdoms and kings developed. The churchbecame a powerful force in everyone’s lives. Men trained aswarriors.

The Early Modern Era, 1450- 1750

During this period in England the Reformation happened,the Civil War occurred and the witch-hunts. Scientific revolution and the Enlightenment. It ends with the start ofthe Industrial Revolution.

The Modern Era, 1750 - Present

The political power of ordinary people developed.Technological advances and industry boomed.

Page 1No historian’s work is complete without a well-designed, eye catching front page. Whether you are working in a notebook, on paper, on Word or Powerpoint, I would like you to design a title page for your project.▪ The title should be ‘Our Migration Story’.▪ You might start to put images on this front cover. You may wish to add images as

you work through the tasks in this booklet.

Page 2On the next page is a brief overview of migration to Britain 43AD-1000AD

Highlight the places people migrated from In the bottom box create a diagram, timeline or map to support the information you

have read. This will be the second page of your booklet

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Over our final half term you will be completing research on migration to Britain from the Romans to today.

Booklets will be handed in when we return to school and there will be prizes for the best research projects!

Work through the tasks below and tick them off as you complete them:

Week 1

Page 2. Create your cover pagePage 3. First page – overview of Ancient migrationPage 4. Ivory Bangle Lady – complete questions and add to your booklet

Week 2

Page 5. Start your overview timeline – add in Ancient migration

Page 6. Complete the tasks on Medieval migration and the Ipswich Man

Add your findings about Medieval migration to your timeline

Week 3

Page 8. Complete the overview task on Early modern migration

Page 9. Complete the questions about black people in Tudor Britain and add to your booklet

Add your findings about Early Modern migration to your timeline

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Migration to Britain before 1000AD

Highlight all the different places people came to England from before 1000AD

The population of Britain in the first century AD had already been shaped by thousands of years of migration. Ever since the very first inhabitants came here, probably from southern Europe, there has been a continual process of settlement and trade. By the time the Romans invaded Britain in the year 43, it was already a land of many cultures and languages. The ‘Romans’ themselves – soldiers and settlers – came from all over Rome's empire. Because of all of this, in and around the first century, Britain's population included people from as far afield as North Africa, Syria, the Balkans and Scandinavia. We know this from archaeological evidence – the study of skeletal DNA and teeth, as well as inscriptions on tombs and buried objects such as jewellery and pottery.

From the fifth century onwards, invading settlers from northern Germany and Scandinavia battled for control of lands that by 1000 had become united as one kingdom of England, fought over by Viking and Saxon kings. Someone travelling around England in 1000 would have heard many languages including Anglo-Saxon, Norse, Welsh, Norman French and Cornish. England was part of Christendom, which meant strong cultural links with the rest of Europe. Trade in goods and ideas brought influences from further afield, too, especially from Muslim North Africa and Western Asia.

Find out more here: https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/by-era/AD43–1500

Create a diagram, timeline or map to present the information you have read.

Lesson 2 – Roman Settlement in Britain

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Read through the information below on the Ivory Bangle Lady and answer the questions. You can use this as page 3 of your booklet – even better you can use this information to

create your own page. Challenge yourself!

You can find out more about migration 43AD-1500 to add to your booklet here:https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/by-era/AD43–1500

Roman Britain: The Ivory Bangle LadyOne way we can learn about early migration history is through the work of archaeologists, who have studied human

remains to learn more about the people of Roman Britain. For example, the grave of a young woman (see picture above)

was discovered in 1901 in York; she was buried in a stone sarcophagus in the later 4th Century. She had very rich grave

goods – these are objects placed into the grave for the afterlife, or as an offering to the dead. The objects placed into her

grave included bracelets made from jet and more exotic ones made of ivory. A short inscription that decorated a box,

suggests that this high status young woman was a Christian as it says ‘Hail, sister, may you live in God’. Recently, the skull

and teeth of her skeleton, which have been stored in Yorkshire Museum, were examined by scientists.

The shape of her skull suggests that her ancestors came from North Africa; this is not very surprising in a place like York,

where lots of written sources mention Africans. People from Africa who came to Britain include the Emperor Septimius

Severus, who was born in what is Now Libya.

Archaeological scientists can also analyse human teeth to find out information. Studying teeth can tell us about where a

person came from and where they lived.

Studies of the remains of the Ivory Bangle Lady suggest that she was born and brought up in the south of Britain, rather

than in Africa. Archaeologists can interpret this finding in a number of ways. For example, it is possible that one parent of

the Ivory Bangle Lady was from North Africa, but that she grew up in a different part of the Empire.

Archaeologists have found skeletons who have African ancestors buried just like other English skeletons. They have also

found skeletons with European ancestors who are buried in ways which were traditional in other parts of the world.

1. Where were Ivory Bangle Lady’s ancestors from?

____________________________________________________________2. When was she buried in York?

___________________________________________________________3. Is there any evidence she was an important or wealthy person?

___________________________________________________________4. Was she the only African person at York at this time? Give a quote to support this.

___________________________________________________________5. Where was Ivory Bangle Lady born?

___________________________________________________________6. Is there any evidence that people of African and people of European ancestry shared ideas and culture?

___________________________________________________________

Find out more for your research booklet here: https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/by-era/AD43–1500

Lesson 3 – Starting your timeline Now we have found a bit out about Roman Britain we need to start organizing our findings. You are going to create a huge timeline of migration – this will be page 4 of your booklet This may go over two pages or you could stick two pieces of paper together to make an A3 page. You can use the example below to plan your timeline – it should be much bigger than this! You can fill in your findings about ancient migration today You can add your findings about the next time periods as we work through the rest of the tasks

What to include: What years does the Ancient period include? Where did people migrate to Britain from? Why did people migrate to Britain? What evidence do we have of people migrating to Britain? What new ideas, languages and cultures were brought to Britain? Could you draw or print any pictures for this part of your timeline?

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Key words

Ancient migration Roman Period Empire Ivory Bangle Lady Ancestors Archaeologists Burial North Africa Emperor Septimius

Serverus Culture Trade Settlers Invaders

Lesson 4 – Medieval

Migration

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What can you remember about migration to Britain 500-1000AD? Use the map above to help.

Remind yourself here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z627hyc

Medieval Britain: Who was the Ipswich Man?The ‘Ipswich Man’ is the name given to the skeleton of a man found in Ipswich. This skeleton was discovered during an archeological dig in a cemetery. The Ipswich Man had been buried there between 1258 and 1300 and forensic investigation at the University of Dundee, showed he had direct African ancestry.

Why was the Ipswich Man in England?Historians carried out some investigations to find out why the Ipswich man was in England and found the following clues:

- The Ipswich man was buried at Greyfriars monastery.- Ipswich Monastery was built by Robert Tiptoft- Robert Tiptoft went on a Crusade in 1270 with Richard De Clare- There are records of Richard De Clare bringing ‘four captive Saracens’ back to England from Tunis in 1272.

What was Ipswich Man’s life like in England?Historians have found the following clues about the way the The Ipswich Man was buried

- He was buried in the grounds at Greyfriars monastery. - A poor man or slave was unlikely to have been buried in a monastery.- The grave was inside the cemetery, which suggests the Ipswich Man was a Christian when he died. - Pope Innocent IV had stated that only ‘friars and those of their families’, could be buried in cemeteries

organised by the Greyfriars.

Read through the information below on the Ipswich Man and answer the questions on the following page

You can use this as page 5 of your booklet – even better you can use this information to create your own page.

Complete the Medieval section of your timeline when you have completed page 5 Challenge yourself!

You can find out more about migration 43AD-1500 to add to your booklet here:https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/by-era/AD43–1500

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Medieval Britain: Who was the Ipswich Man?1. When was the Ipswich man buried?

____________________________________________________________2. Where did forensic scientists find out his ancestors were from?

___________________________________________________________3. Why do you think the Ipswich Man was in England? Give evidence from the clues given.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think Ipswich Man’s life was like in England? Give evidence from the clues given.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Find out more about Medieval migration for your research booklet here: https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/by-era/AD43–1500

Stretch Task: What can you find out about Jewish settlers in Medieval Britain? Use the links below to help you.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zt8tyrd/revision/2https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/put-a-curse-on-my-enemies-meir-ben-elijah-and-the-jews-of-early-norwich

Lesson 5 – Early Modern MigrationBelow are 6 examples of the reasons people immigrated to Britain 1500-1700. For each box:

- Highlight where the people migrated from.- Write the cause of each group migrating (e.g. trade, religion, persecution, work)

Following King Henry VIII’s break with Rome and especially under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England

became a Protestant nation. They cane from Belgium and northern

France, followed by French Huguenots after the St

Bartholomew’s Day Massacre of 1572.

In 1600 the East India Company set up a trading post in northwest India.

Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries its power and

influence expanded across the country. The EIC dominated trade between Europe and most of Asia.

Working for low wages in often terrible conditions, lascar seamen

began to arrive in British ports.

After the government announced that all Protestant refugees would

be welcome, large numbers of very poor Palatines from Germany

arrived in England. At first they were welcomed but this changed to resentment. They were housed in refugee camps and those who did

not return home or move on to North America were deported to

Ireland.

Some of the East India Company administrators returning from India brought with them Indian women as nannies (ayahs) for their children as

well as Indian children to work as servants. The first record we have of

an Indian child in England is a Bengali boy who was baptised in

London in 1616.

After the Transatlantic slavery began, increasing numbers of

Africans appear in paintings, parish and court records and other

documents. It is likely that many, but not all of these people had

originally been enslaved. They may have arrived directly from Africa or been brought from the Caribbean

by their owners

Oliver Cromwell allowed a small number of Jews to settle in England, over 350 years after they had been expelled. His reasons were mixed:

partly because they faced persecution and partly for

commercial, political and religious reasons. There was a lot of

opposition to their arrival so they came quietly, settling in a small part of London and then in other towns.

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From the information above, create page 6 in your booklet. This could be a timeline, annotated map, storyboard or a mix of these.

- Try to include pictures and keywords.- You can also use the information on the next page about black Tudors.- Once this is done, complete the Early modern section of your timeline.- You can research more about Early Modern migration here:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/class-clips-video/history-ks3--gcse-the-story-of-black-migrants-in-england-in-tudor-times/zf8nqp3https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/by-era/1500–1750https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zw46dmn/revision/2

Jacques Francis

Lesson 6 - Miranda Kauffman, Black Tudors

Read the brief of examples of black people in Tudor England who Kaufmann researched below

Jacques Francis was a deep-sea diver and was part of the team employed by Henry VIII to save as much aspossible from the Mary Rose when it sank in 1545. It was estimated that there was £2 million worth of weapons on board. Jacques had to bring up as much as he could.Diego was the personal manservant to Francis Drake. Drake was the first man to circumnavigate (sail all around) the globe and also stole gold, silver, and other treasures from the Spanish. Diego played an important role by acting as a spy, translator, and negotiator for Drake.Mary was a servant for a merchant and later a seamstress. She was baptised (formally welcomed into the Church) when she was 20. Everyone from the local area came to church to witness the baptism and pray with Mary.Cattelena was an unmarried woman living near Bristol. She owned a cow and relied on this to make butter and milk which she sold to non-farming neighbours. Cattelena probably lived in a shared house.

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In 2018, a Historian called Miranda Kaufmann wrote a book about black people living in Tudor England. In an interview Kaufmann said she felt “anxious, because people might not like” her book. “Part of it is the surprise element: people didn’t think there were Africans in Tudor England. There’s this fantasy past where it’s all white – and it wasn’t. It’s ignorance. People just don’t know these histories. Hopefully this research will inspire producers to get multiracial stories on our screens.”

What does Miranda Kaufmann say people think about Africans in Tudor England?

What does she hope her book will change?

Does anything surprise you about these examples of black people living in Tudor England? Why?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 7 – Irish Migration in the Industrial Revolution

- Read through the information below about Irish immigration during the Industrial revolution. - You can use this information to complete the table on the next page for page 7 of your booklet.- If you prefer, you can design your own page. - Don’t forget to complete your timeline!- Challenge yourself – try some of the websites below for further information

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During the 1800s tens of thousands of poor Irish labourers and their families left Ireland because of rising rents and prices, bad landlords, poor harvests, and a lack of jobs. The Great Famine in the 1840s - a result of the potato disease that killed the crop most Irish depended on to survive - caused a million to leave Ireland, with many going to Britain and the USA. Ireland was then a part of Great Britain, ruled from London.

The majority of Irish immigrants came to work in the factories of the north west of England, especially Liverpool. Many families arrived in a poor state - hungry, weak and sick - and found themselves living in overcrowded, unhealthy ‘court dwellings’.

Many Irish families joined equally poor migrants from all over Britain, working in harsh conditions in the textile factories of the north west of England. Another common employment for Irish men was to work as ‘navvies’, digging the earth to build canals, roads, railways and docks. This work took them all over the country. Irish seamen and dock workers settled in port communities and worked on merchant trading ships.

The very hard life experienced by hundreds of thousands of poor Irish migrants was made far worse by extreme racism. In cartoons, newspaper articles, speeches by politicians and popular jokes, Irish people were portrayed as savage, violent, drunken and animal-like. Anti-Irish racism was widespread and nasty. Other reasons for divisions between English and Irish workers included:

There were sometimes anti-Irish and anti-Catholic riots and sometimes violence between Irish Catholics and Protestants, for example in the 1840s and 1850s in Cardiff, Greenock, Stockport and towns in north-west England.

However, Irish people also mixed with the English population and intermarriage was common. There was also a large number of middle-class Irish immigrants including business people, artists and writers such as Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Many soldiers and officers in the British Army were Irish. By 1900, most Irish families were seeing an improvement in their lives.

https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/class-clips-video/history-ks3--gcse-the-irish-migrants-who-moved-to-liverpool-in-the-industrial-revolution/zmh8vk7h tt p s: // www . o u r m i g r a t i o n s t or y . o r g . uk /o m s / a - l o nd o n- s l u m - i r i s h- m i g r at i o n - a nd - i t s - t h r e a t

Why did many Irish people leave Ireland in the 1800s?

What was life like for Irish migrants in England?

What kind of work did Irish migrants do in England?

Why do you think Irish migrants experienced so much racist abuse?

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Lesson 8 – My migration storyYou are going to become an oral historian.

Oral historians collect sources which are not yet written down. They interview people or hear stories which have been handed down. You can record these oral histories by making videos,

sound recordings or writing down the stories you hear.

You can use the next sheet to record your findings or you can create your own.Below are some questions to inspire your interview

You can do as many interviews as you like!

Find your migration story?1. Do you have family members who have arrived in the UK from different areas of

the world?2. Have any of your family moved to Manchester from another city or from a

different area?3. Have any of your family moved abroad or to another area?

Questions you might ask1. When and where did you move to the place you live now?2. How did it feel to leave the place you grew up?3. What made you want or need to move?4. Have you brought any of your own traditions to the new place you live?5. Did you discover anything strange or new when you first arrived?6. Do people ever treat you differently because you weren’t born where you live now?7. What’s the best thing about living where you do?8. How do you stay connected to the place you grew up?

Record your interview under the subtitle ‘My Family Migration Story’.

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