Final Exam Review Sheet 8 th Grade Overall Health (3 components)

1. Physical Brushing teeth Exercise Healthy Diet Hygiene

2. Mental Puzzles Games Reading Journaling

3. Social Friends Family Communication Sports

NutritionFood Labels

Total CaloriesCarbohydratesFats/ Serving Size

Five (5)Food Groups Grains : Bread, pasta, rice Vegetables : beans, peas, carrots, squash Fruits : apple, banana, grapes Dairy/ Milk : Yogurt, milk, cheese Meat & Beans : Chicken, steak, ham

The Six (6) Essential Nutrients Nutrition Continued:Carbohydrates:

Starches/sugars= energy

Simple: Fruit & Sugar

Complex: Bread & potatoes

Protein: Build/ repair & maintain muscles/ tissues

Complete: 8 amino acids (animals)Incomplete: Missing at least 1 (plant)

Water:Carries nutrients, lubricates joints and helps with temperature control

60% of the body

90% of the blood

VitaminsSubstances needed to help regulate the bodyWater-soluble: cannot be stored in the body (B&C)

Fat-soluble: can be stored in the body ( A D E K )

Minerals (zinc▪ potassium▪ iron ▪sodium) Elements needed for bone growth and daily elimination

Fats - A source of energy Saturated: solid fats- butter

Saturated Unsaturated: liquid fats- oil Unsaturated

Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa- Intentionally Starve themselves Bulimia Nervosa- Overeating and then

purging/vomiting to control weight Binge Eating- Uncontrolled eating

FitnessOverload principle

1. Frequency - do the activity more often2. Intensity - Do the activity more strenuously3. Duration - Do the activity for longer periods of time

Muscles1. Protein

2. Warm up/cool down

3. Calisthenics - using your body weight against gravity Jumping Jacks

4. Weight Lifting - building muscles using machines

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic1.Aerobic- Lung and Heart. Paced or moderate activity for a

long period of time Running, Swimming

2. Anaerobic- short and intense spurts of energy Sprints, Weight lifting

FIVE (5) components1.Cardiovascular Endurance -Works the heart and lungs2.Muscular Endurance - How long your muscles can work for3.Muscular Strength - How strong your muscles are4.Body Composition - Muscle, fat and bone that make up your body5.Flexibility - Movement of the joints

Target Heart Rate220 – age= _____ X .75 = _____

First Aid

Good Samaritan Law: A law which protects citizens (from successful law suits) when helping others using reasonable care.

RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

Three (3) Types of Wounds:

1. Laceration- cut. Wrap tightly2. Abrasion - brush burn. Wrap loosely3. Puncture - hole. Wrap. (sliver) Tightly. Don’t remove if object

is larger than a quarter

FAST: (Stroke)Facial NumbnessArm numbnessSpeechTime

Burns:1 st degree (1st layer of skin. Epidermis)- sun burn

2 nd degree (1st 2 layers of skin. Dermis)- blisters3 rd degree ( all layers of skin)- emergency care

Abstinence/ STD

Abstinence : Refraining from sexual activity until marriage

HIV/AIDS:Human Immunodeficiency VirusAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AIDS = below 200 white blood cell count Immune system ( CD4 cells and helper T cells )Blood, Semen, Vaginal fluid, Breast milk

STD/ STI:

Sexually Transmitted Disease & Infection Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis = antibiotics available Herpes, HPV, HIV, Hepatitis = no cure Teen, females, heterosexual= most infected group

Puberty:

Estrogen Testosterone Menstrual cycle

Growth spurt

Drugs

Marijuana: Most commonly abused drug THC addictive ingredient 40 cancer causes chemicals

Pills Unidentified Rising problem due to easy accessibility

Inhalants: Most popular for this age group Deadly Easily assessable in homes

Tolerance: Needing more and more of the drug to get the same highWithdrawal: Physical symptoms from lack of the drug (shaking, sweating, vomiting)

Alcohol/ TobaccoDWI/ DUI: .08- DWI- Driving while intoxicated

.02- DUI- Driving under the influenceZero Tolerance Law - No tolerance for under the age 21

Tobacco/NicotineAddictive drug in cigarettes and all tobacco is Nicotine4000 chemicals in a cigaretteTar, benzene, carbon monoxide= main chemicals

Carcinogen: Cancer causing substance