Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Biology Guided NotesHuman Body Systems & Interactions

The _______ human body systems include:• Nervous System • Integumentary System • Muscular System • Respiratory System • Digestive System• Circulatory System• Excretory System • Skeletal System • Endocrine System • Reproductive System • Lymphatic/Immune System

The purpose of the 11 organ systems of the human body is to maintain …

Levels of Organization in Organ Systems

The basic unit of life

Clusters of cells performing a similar function

Made of tissues that perform one specific function

Groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body

Digestive System

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Purpose: to convert food particles into simpler micro-molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body

Major Organs and their Functions:To chew and grind up food; saliva also begins the chemical breakdownSecretes an extraordinarily strong acid that leads to breakdown of foodAfter digestion is complete, the chyme enters the small intestine where it is absorbed into the bloodstreamRemoves water from the chyme and gets the waste ready for excretionProduces the hormone insulin that regulates blood sugar levels, also helps to neutralize stomach acid

Produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods

Pouch-like organ that stores bile for future use

Solid (food) waste travels out of the body through this organ.

Begins in the mouth; breaks the chemical bonds in carbohydrates and releases sugars.The muscle contractions needed to move the fluids and food from the stomach to the small intestine.

Diagram of the Digestive SystemLabel the diagram:

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Enzyme Action in the Digestive SystemActive Site Enzyme Effect on Food

Breaks down starches into disaccharides.Breaks down proteins into large peptides.Continues the breakdown of starches.Continues the breakdown of proteins.Breaks down fat.Breaks down remaining disaccharides into monosaccharides.Breaks down di-peptides into amino acids.

Excretory SystemPurpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts

Major Organs and their FunctionsThe main organs of the excretory system; waste-laden blood enters the kidney and the kidney filters out urea, excess water and other waste products, which eventually travel out of the kidney as urineSweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body

Expel the waste gas carbon dioxide

Diagram of the Excretory SystemLabel the diagram:

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Respiratory SystemPurpose: to provide the body with a fresh supply of oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide

Major Organs and their FunctionsInternal entry and exit point for air

Serves as a passage way for both air and food at the back of the throat

Your “voicebox”, as air passes over your vocal chords, you speakThe “windpipe”, or what connects your pharynx to your lungs; a piece of skin, called the epiglottis, covers the trachea when you swallow, preventing food from enteringThe two large passageways that lead from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung)

The muscle that causes you to breathe

Diagram of the Respiratory SystemLabel the diagram:

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

The Circulatory SystemPurpose: to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in your body so they can undergo cellular respiration

Major Organs and their FunctionsThe major muscle of the circulatory system; pumps blood through its four chambers and around the body

Carry blood away from the heart and to the major organs of the body

Carry blood back to the heart away from the major organs of the body

Small blood vessels where gas exchange occurs

The cells that flow through the circulatory system

Helps to filter out toxins in the blood

Diagram of the Circulatory SystemLabel the diagram:

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

_____________________________ Oxygen poor blood, from head, arms, body and lungs. Bodyà Heart à Lungs to be filled up with oxygen, for re-circulation.

______________________________ Oxygen rich blood, delivered to heart (from lungs), to be recirculated around the body. Lungs à Heart à Body.

The Nervous SystemPurpose: to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment

Major Organs and their FunctionsControl center of the body, where all processes are relayed through. Consists of cerebrum (controls though and senses) and cerebellum (controls motor functions)Sends instructions from the brain to the rest of the body and vice versa

Conduct impulses to muscle cells throughout the body

Diagram of a Nerve CellLabel the diagram:

Diagram of the Brain

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Label the diagram:

The Endocrine SystemPurpose: to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones

Major Organs and their FunctionsHypothalamus

Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Testes

Pituitary Gland

Adrenal Gland

Ovaries

Thyroid Gland

Pancreas

Thymus

Pineal Gland

Diagram of the Endocrine System

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Label the diagram:

The Skeletal SystemPurpose: to provide structure and support to the human body

Major Bones Femur (thigh bone) Scapula (shoulder) Clavicle (shoulder

blade)Radius & Ulna (lower

arm)Coccyx (tail bone) Vertebrae (back)

Sternum Humerus (upper arm) Pelvic boneFibula & Tibia (calf) Cranium (skull) Phalanges

(fingers/toes)

Diagram of the Skeletal System

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

The Muscle SystemPurpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the human body

Muscle cells are fibrous Muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary

Major Muscles GroupsBiceps Triceps

Deltoids HamstringsGlutes

Diagram of the Muscular System

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

The Lymphatic (Immune) SystemPurpose: to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body

Major Organs and their FunctionsAlso called the integumentary system, the skin is the body’s first line of defense Recognize disease agents (antigens)

and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens

Phagocytes are the white blood cell type that actually eat and destroys the antigens

Help restore fluid lost by the blood and return it to the circulatory system

Diagram of the Lymphatic/Immune SystemLabel the diagram:

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

The Integumentary SystemPurpose: Serves as a barrier against infection and injury; helps to regulate body temperature; provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Major Organs and their Functions

The body’s first line of defense

Hair

Nails

Sweat Glands

Sebaceous Glands

Name _________________________________ Per. ______ Date ______________________

Diagram of SkinLabel the diagram:

The Reproductive System

Purpose: Produces reproductive cells; in females, nurtures and protects the developing embryo.

Major Organs

Males

Females