Guided Chemical Notes: Bonding and Interactions

Types of Bonds

Chemical bonds form when two _________________ combine to form __________________

This process results when atoms lose, gain, or share __________________ in order to make

their outer shells “____________” (aka stable)

Type of Bond Forms Between? Description ExampleIonic

Covalent

Metallic

What type of bond would form between…?

o Hydrogen and oxygen? ________________________

o Lithium and Fluorine? _________________________

o Carbon and Hydrogen? ________________________

Naming Chemical Formulas

Oxidation number is the __________ on an

ion

Indicates the # of electrons gained or lost to

become ____________________

Naming Ionic Compounds: Rules

Write the names of both elements, cation first.

Change the anion’s ending to -ide.

For ions with variable oxidation #’s, write the oxidation # in parentheses using Roman

numerals. Overall charge = 0.

Write the names of polyatomic ions.

Example: Sodium and Bromine

Example: Transition Metals

Example: Polyatomic Atoms

Writing Ionic Formulas: Rules

Write each ion. Put the cation first.

Overall charge must equal zero.

If charges cancel, just write the symbols.

If not, crisscross the charges to find subscripts.

Use parentheses when more than one

polyatomic ion is needed.

Roman numerals indicate the oxidation #.

Examples: Writing Ionic FormulasPotassium chloride

Magnesium nitrate

Copper (II) chloride

Calcium oxide

Aluminum chlorate

Iron (III) oxide

Naming Molecular Compounds: Rules

Write the names of both elements.

Change the final ending to -ide.

Add prefixes to indicate subscripts.

Only use mono- prefix with oxide.

Examples: Writing Molecular NamesCCl4

N20

SF6

Writing Molecular Formulas: Rules

Write the more metallic element first.

Add subscripts according to prefixes.

Examples: Writing Molecular Formulasphosphorus trichloride

dinitrogen pentoxide

dihydrogen monoxide

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions change one or more substances into _____________ substances!

o ________________ are substances that combine or change

o ________________ are the new substances that are produced

A __________________________ uses formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction

and the products it produces

___________________________-numbers which

represent the number of units of each substance in a

reaction

___________________________- number which

represents the number of atoms in a molecule of a

particular element

Chemical equations must be _____________________ because of the law of

___________________________________________________________!

o Therefore, the numbers must match on both sides

Rules:

o Make a chart

o List elements

o Count Elements

o Balance (add/mult.)

Things you cannot do:

o Change a subscript

o Place coefficient in middle-must go in beginning

Types of Chemical Reactions

Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Reaction

Ex. Ex.

Chemical Reaction Definition General Formula Example

Synthesis

Decomposition

Single Replacement

Double Replacement

Combustion

Acids and Bases

The ___________________ measures how acidic or basic a substance is (ranges from 0-14)

A substance that is neither acidic or basic is ____________________. A pH of 7 is neutral

Scale reading less than 7 indicates an ___________________

Scale reading greater than 7 indicates a _________________

Acids BasesCommon Characteristics: Common Characteristics:

Common Household Uses: Common Household Uses: