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AP World History

Unit 1 Beginning <8000 BCE> to 600 BCE

and

Unit 2 600 BCE to 600 CE

_________________________________________(Student name)

Focus Questions for Key Concepts

Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformations, to c. 600 BCE

Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the Earth

1. What is the evidence that explains the earliest history of humans and the planet?

2. What are the theories that interpret this evidence?

3. Where did humans first appear on Earth, and what were their society, technology, and culture?

4. Describe earliest humans’ technology & tools

5. What were the earliest humans’ religious beliefs and practices?

6. How did the earliest humans’ society help them procure enough supplies to survive?

Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

7. What were the long-term demographic, social, political, and economic effects of the Neolithic Revolution?

8. How did pastoral societies resemble or differ from early agricultural societies?

9. Where did pastoralism persist even after the Neolithic Revolution?

10. How did the Neolithic Revolution affect human societies economically & socially?

11. Why did the Neolithic Revolution start (at all)?

12. Where did the Neolithic Revolution first transform human populations? (Plural answer)

13. Where did pastoralism persist even after the Neolithic Revolution?

14. What various crops & animals were developed or domesticated during the Neolithic Revolution?

15. What labor adjustments did humans make in order to facilitate the Neolithic Revolution?

16. What were the environmental effects of the Neolithic Revolution?

17. What effects did pastoralism & agriculture have on the food supply?

18. What were the social effects of the increased food supply caused by increase of agriculture?

19. What technological innovations are associated with the growth of agriculture?

Key Concept 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban Societies

20. What is a “civilization” and what are the defining characteristics of a civilization?

21. How did civilizations develop and grow more complex before 600 BCE?

22. What were the effects of this increasing complexity?

23. Where did the earliest civilizations develop, and why did they develop in those locations?

24. What is a “state?” Who ruled the early states, and which segments of society usually supported the ruler?

25. Why were some early states able to expand and conquering neighboring states?

26. Give four examples of early empires in the Nile & Tigris/Euphrates River Valleys.

27. What role did pastoral civilizations play vis a vis (in relation to) empires?

28. What methods did rulers use to unify their populations?

29. What architectural forms did early civilizations produce?

30. Which social strata encouraged the development of art in ancient civilizations?

31. What forms of writing developed in ancient civilizations?

32. What was the relationship between literature and culture?

33. What pre-600 BCE religions strongly influenced later eras?

34. How “big” were the pre-600 BCE trading regions?

35. How did social and gender identities develop pre-600 BCE?

Must Know People, Unit 1

Hammurabi:

Abraham:

Units 1 Must Know Societies (and dates/areas)

Paleolithic/hunter-forager societies:

Pastoral societies:

Early River Valley

A. Mesopotamia (Tigirs/Euphrates): E. Egypt in the Nile River Valley:B. Nubia: F. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa in the Indus River Valley:C. Olmecs is Mesoamerica G. Chavin in Andean South America:D. Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He Valley:

Later CivilizationsA. Assyrian Empire C. Hittites E. Babylonian EmpireB. Jewish States D. Zhou

Unit 1 Must Know Dates8000 BCE: Beginning of agriculture: Jericho in 8000 BCE, Catal Huyuk in 7000 BCE3500 BCE: Invention of the wheel, irrigation, and plough (Mesopotamia) and sail (Egypt)—surplus food-trade3200 BCE: Invention of writing (Mesopotamia, cuneiform)1750 BCE: Code of Hammurabi7th century (700-601 BCE) invention of ironworking and Zoroastrianism (Persia)

AP Must Know Arts/Architecture Period 1What is this?Ziggarut

What society is this from and where is that society located?Third Dynasty of Ur, Mesopotamia

What does it represent?Religious Temple (polytheistic culture, anthromorphic gods, Epic of Gilgamesh)When was it created?2100 BCE

What is this?Olmec Giant Heads

What society is this from and where is that society located?

What does it represent?

When was it created?

PERSIA Model: Political, Economic, Religious, Social, Intellectual, Area

NATION-STATE

Political:• Structure• War• Treaties• Courts/Laws• Leaders• Popular participation• Loyalty to leader

Economic:• State control of trade/industry•Agriculture/Industry importance• Labor systems• Levels of technology• Levels of international trade• Gender and slaves• Money system

Religious:• Importance on societal interaction• Holy books• Beliefs/teachings• Conversion – role of missionaries• Sin/salvation• Deities

Social:• Family order –patriarchal, matriarchal• Gender relations – role of women, children• Social classes – slavery• Entertainment• Life styles

Intellectual/ Arts:• Art and music• Writing and literature• Philosophy• Math/science• Education• Inventions

Area/Geographic:

• Location• Physical• Movement

Mesopotamia

Ancient Egypt

Indus River Valley

NATION-STATE Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual/ Arts: Area/Geographic

Shang

Zhou

Chavin

Olmec

NATION STATE POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS SOCIAL INTELLECT/ARTS AREA/GEO

Moche

Mayan

Assyrian Empire

BabylonianEmpire

Hittites

Autopsy of an Empire

Crash Course World History 1: Agricultural Revolutionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yocja_N5s1I

Symptoms of Illness Final Cause of Death

Time of Death:

Areas ImpactedReplacements

Complete the following chart:What? Characteristics of their

society?

Foraging

Hunting

Herding (comes later in episode)

2. How did agriculture evolve?

3. Complete the Chart. Advantages and Disadvantages of Agriculture

Advantages Disadvantages

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

4. Why didn’t herding catch on in most of the worlds?

5. What are 3-4 reasons that historians speculate that the Agricultural Revolution occurred?A.

B.

C.

D.

6. What are 2-3 negatives that came from the Agricultural Revolution?A.

B.

C.

Water and Classical Civilizationshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP54LFFSZ1Q

1. The Mohenjo-daro featured a giant basin called what?

2. What civilization does John talk about that was great at hydraulic engineering?

3. What was the great basin used for, according to historians?

4. What did the Edzna people build to collect rainwater?

5. What did they build at Palenque in the lowlands of Chiapas [4 things]?

6. What is the khmer best known for?

7. Who built the Angkor Wat and when was it built?

8. By when will more than half of the world's nations will face significant shortages of fresh water?

End of Civilization (in the Bronze Age)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErOitC7OyHk

1. Why can an argument be made that Egypt, the Indus Valley, and Mesopotamia were all one coherent system, or one civilization?

2. What did underwater archeologists find in a ship wreck at Uluburun (Turkey) in 1300 BCE?

3. Aside from trade, how did rulers of these civilizations form ties?

4. What three arguments does John Green list for why these three civilizations are considered to be separate, and not one?

5. Today, what do we actually mean when we say “civilizations” (Hint, think Western Civilization)

6. What are two civilizations that collapsed by 1200 BCE, thanks to the Hittites? What about Egypt?

7. Between 1225 and 1175, what in the eastern Mediterranean?

8. What are four theories John Green discusses that could explain the end of the Bronze Age?

This is the end of Unit 1

North America/Mesoamerica

South/Latin America

South/Latin America

N/W Africa

S/E/C Africa

East Asia

S/SE Asia

N/C/W Asia

Europe/ Mediterranean

Middle East

Fill in the boxes with major events, trends, patterns, or ideas. Think about the connections! Draw a line from the box to the region.

Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies, c. 600 BCE to 600 CE

Key Concept 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural Traditions

1. How did religions help strengthen political, economic, and cultural ties within societies?

2. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Judaism?

3. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Hinduism(s)?

4. What is a “universal religion?” Where did universal religions exist by 600 CE?

5. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Buddhism?

6. How and where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE?

7. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Confucianism?

8. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Daoism?

9. What are the characteristics and core teachings of Christianity?

10. How and where did Christianity spread by 600 CE?

11. What are the main characteristics of Greco-Roman philosophy and science?

12. How did religions affect gender roles in their respective societies?

13. What other religious and cultural traditions were common by 600 CE?

14. How did humans’ reliance on the natural word influence religion?

15. How did humans relate to their deceased ancestors?

16. How did art and culture develop to 600 CE?

17. What literary works influenced later eras?

18. How did different societies’ architectural styles develop?

19. What examples of syncretism reflect the Classical Era to 600 CE?

Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and Empires

20. What is an “empire,” and what were empires’ common characteristics during the Classical Era?

21. How did the number & size of Classical empires compare to the Ancient Era?

22. What were the most influential of the Classical Era empires?

23. What new political methods were created in order to rule the larger empires in the Classical Era?

24. How did imperial governments let their population know that the government was “in charge?”

25. What role did trade play in creating and maintaining empires?

26. What unique social and economic characteristics existed in empires?

27. What function did imperial cities perform?

28. What social classes and occupations were common in empires?

29. What labor systems provided the workers for Classical Empires?

30. Describe the gender and family structures of Classical Era empires.

31. What caused Classical Empires to decline, collapse, or transform into something else?

32. What were the environmental and social weaknesses of Classical Empires?

33. What external weaknesses contributed to the end of Classical Empires?

Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange

34. How did Classical era trade networks compare to Ancient era networks?

35. What forces contributed to the changes between the two eras?

36. What was commonly traded along these trade networks?

37. How did trade & communication networks develop by 600 CE?

38. What technologies enabled long-distance overland and maritime trade?

39. Besides the physical goods, what intangibles also traveled along trade networks?

40. What crops spread along Classical Era trade networks?

41. What effects did diseases have on Classical empires?

42. How did religions spread along trade networks, and how did the trade networks affect the religions?

Must Know People, Unit 2

A. Siddhartha Gautama (Budda):

B. Confucius:

C. Laozi:

D. Alexander the Great:

E. Shi Huang Di/ Qin Shihuangdi:

F. Ashoka (Mauryan Emperor):

G. Xerxes:

H. Darius I:

I. Emperor Constantine:

Units 2 Must Know Societies (and dates/areas)

A. Mycenaean Greeks J. Mauryan EmpireB. Sassanid Empire K. Gupta EmpireC. Phoenicia and its colonies (Carthage) L. Funan EmpireD. Persian Empire M. Srivijaya EmpireE. Sparta/Athens N. QinF. Hellenistic Empire O. HanG. Roman Republic/Roman Empire P. Mayan City-StatesH. Andean South America Moche Q. ToltecsI. Nomadic tribes

a. Steppe Nomadsb. Xiongnu Confederacy

Unit 2 Must Know Dates5th Century (500-401 BCE) Beginnings of Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism, Greek Golden Age (Greek plays & Indian epics)490 BCE: Persians (Darius I) attack Athens, Battle of Marathon 480 BCE: Persians attack Sparta (Hellenic League) Battle of ThermopylaeLed by Athens and Delian League 477 BCE323 BCE: Alexander the Great, Hellenistic Synthesis (323 to 30 BCE)221 BCE: Qin unify China (Warring States Period ends)184 BCE: Fall of the Mauryan dynasty32 CE: Beginnings of Christianity180 CE: end of Pax Romana220 CE: End of the Han312 CE: Roman Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity320 CE: Rise of the Gupta in India333 CE: Roman capital moved to Constantinople (German invaders/German soldiers)476 CE: Fall of Rome in the west ends 800 years of Roman hegemony527 CE: Justinian rules Byzantine Empire (Plague of Justinian)550 CE: Fall of the Gupta

AP Must Know Arts/Architecture Period 2

What is this?Aqueducts, France




What is this?Ashoka Burial Mound (Stupa)




What is this?Terra Cotta Army




What is this?Great Wall of China




NATION-STATE Political: Economic: Religious: Social: Intellectual/ Arts: Area/Geographic:

Persian Empire

Phoenicia & its colonies (Carthage)


Hellenistic Empire

Sassanian Empire

Roman Empire

Qin


Han

Mauryan Empire

Gupta Empire

Aksum




Time of Death:




Time of Death:


Crash Course World History: 2000 Years of Chinese History!


Time of Death:


The Mandate of Heaven and Confucius # 7

1. Why does John Green say China was the first modern (centralized) state?

2. SPEED TEST! – List all the dynasties & their dates.

3. Describe what rulers must do to keep the Mandate of Heaven & what role moral behavior plays.

4. What role does Confucius and his teachings play in both the government as well as social structure?

Crash Course World History 5: Greece & Persia1. How do we know most information of about the Persians? What might be important about that detail?

2. What are some accomplishments of Daris I?

3. How did the Persians rule? List some characteristics

4. Who fought in the Persian wars? What was the significance of that War?

5. Why do historians see Greece as the foundations of Western Civilization?

6. Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars? Who won?

Crash Course World History #8

Alexander the Great and the situation…the Great ?

1. What is problematic with viewing history as simply “the study of great men?”

2. What is the difference between conquest and empire building? Which is a greater accomplishment in your opinion? Be sure to justify your answer with specific examples!

3. What became of Alexander’s empire after his death?

4. Define Hellenistic.

Crash Course World History #10: The Roman Empire….or Republic…. which was it?

1. What were two of the reasons that the Roman Republic was able to endure?

2. Describe the Roman Senate and list 3-4 characteristics?

3. How important was the Silk Road or other trade routes?

4. Were these routes themselves more important than empires or countries? Why?

CCWH #11 Christianity from Judaism to Constantine

1) What was Judaism’s position in the Roman Empire?

2) What 3 historical reasons led to the rise and spread of Christianity after the death of Jesus?

A.

B.

C.

3) What 3 religions does Abraham give rise to?

10) Compare Christianity and Buddhism in terms of:

the foundations of each religion

groups each religion appealed to

position of each religion within their respective home empires.

Christianity

Buddhism

Crash Course World History #12: Fall of The Roman Empire...in the 15th Century

1. Why did Rome fall? What is the technically end? Why does John Green disagree?

2. How did Romans treat foreigners/people on the fringes?

3. Define Mercenaries. What is their role in the fall of Rome?

4. Give three reasons of why Constantine moved the capital to Constantinople.a.

b.

c.

5. Who was Justinian? What is he famous for? What is the connection to the Western Roman Empire?

Crash Course World History 6: Buddha and Asoka

1. Who were the Aryans? What are the Vedas?

2. What is Dharma? How is it connected to the caste system?

3. What is the social reason for Dharma?

4. What is the ultimate goal of reincarnation?

5. What is Karma?

6. What were Stupas? What were the pillars for?

Crash Course #9: The Silk Road and Ancient Trade

1. How is it possible that the goods on the Silk Road traveled more than the people who traded on them?

2. Explain how that could lead to much higher prices at the final destination of the goods.

3. Besides silk, what other goods were traded along the Silk Roads?

Region Goods traded along Silk Road

Mediterranean

China

India

East Africa

Arabia

4. What massive demographic effect did the Silk Roads have? Explain.

North America/Mesoamerica

South/Latin America

South/Latin America

N/W Africa

S/E/C Africa

East Asia

S/SE Asia

N/C/W Asia

Europe/ Mediterranean

Middle East

Fill in the boxes with major events, trends, patterns, or ideas. Think about the connections! Draw a line from the box to the region.

South/Latin America

Documents

hsaleonard.weebly.comhsaleonard.weebly.com/.../104724315/units_1_2_must_know.docx · Web viewHow did the earliest humans’ society help them procure enough supplies to survive? Key