Chapter 11. David Pimentel. 1986. Agroecology and economics. Pages 299-319. In: Marcos Kogan (editor). Ecological Theory and Integrated Pest Management Practice. John Wiley Interscience, New York, 362 pages.

Keywords: ecology and economics of natural resources used in agriculture, land, water, energy, biological resources, ecological causes of pest problems, monocultures, new crop introductions, introduced pests, climatic regions, breeding crops, genetic diversity, plant spacing, continuous crop culture, nutrients, planting date, crop associations, pesticides and crop physiology, ecology of pests and crops, economic losses due to pests, costs of pest control, pesticides, biological controls, host-plant resistance, crop rotations, sanitation, planting time, integrated pest management (IPM), environmental and social costs of pesticide controls, human poisonings, livestock destruction and contamination,

destruction of natural enemies and pesticide resistance, honeybee and pollination losses, crop destruction by pesticides