Conservation needs assessment report

Pu Mat National parkNghe an Province

(updated version 2007)

Nghe an, November 2007

Name of conservation area Pu Mat National park

Location of protected area ( province and possible map reference)

Pu Mat National park locates at South West Nghe An province. Her administration distribution belongs to 3 districts; they are Anh Son, Con Cuong and Tuong Duong. She was identified as representative biodiversity area of tropical and subtropical forest types of North Truong Son mountain regionPu Mat National park area was identified by:- South West: Lao People’s Democratic Republic - South East: communes such as Phuc Son, Hoi Son of Anh Son district- North West: communes such as Tam Hop, Tam Quang, Tam Dinh of Tuong Duong districtGeography co-ordinate: - Latitude: 18°46' - 19°12' - Longitude: 104°24' - 104°56'

Date of establishment Date: November 8th, 2001Ref.: Decision No. 174/2001/Q§/TTg approved by Mr. Prime Minister on upgrading Pu Mat natural conservation to Pu Mat national park

Ownership details Nghe An Provincial people committeeManagement authority Pu Mat National park management boardSize of protected area (ha)

Total areas of Pu Mat National park are 94.... in which, - Serious protection area : 89.517 ha- Forest ecology restoration area : 1.596 ha

No of staffs Permanent staffs: 86 people Temporary staffs : 6 peopleAnnual budget, excluding staff salary costs (USD) (In last 5 recent years)

National budget 2003: 84.800 USDNational budget 2004: 90,.000 USD; National budget 2005: 90.000 USD; National budget 2006: 95.000 USD; National budget 2007 115.000USD.

What are the main values for which area is designated (Classified by IUCN, World Heritage, Ramsar...)

Pu Mat National park is one of 12 highest priority areas (class A) of biodiversity conservation task of the Nation (Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government /GEF 1994), Pu Mat National park is World biosphere reserve.

Main reasons of classification

- Diversity of valuable and rare flora and fauna, many new species of Vietnam and the World.- Forest ecologies, primary forests, special geographical location.

Projects funded by WB or other conservation projects

From 1997 to December 2004, Pu Mat National park was donated by Social forestry and nature conservation project of Nghe An province (SFNC). Amount of budget: 800,000 USD (About 5% total budget of project)

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Other related project in conservation area

Vietnamese government project in period 2002-2011 for infrastructure, basic construction.

List of 2 main objective of conservation areaManagement objective 1

Conservation large primary ecosystem in the North Vietnam with numerous species of wild fauna & flora, in particular, valuable and rare and endemic species of Vietnam and the World such as Sao La, tiger, Muntiacus vuquangensis, Annamite striped rabbit, Trachypithecus phayrei...

Management objective 2

Restoration and development forest to strengthen capacity of protection of watershed forests. Sustainable natural resources management, sharing natural resources benefit to local communities and stable improvement generation income to local people.

List of 2 most important threats of conservation area (explaining reasons of 2 threats)Threat 1 Illegal hunting and trading wild animal, eroded biodiversity.

- Because of (i.) Pu Mat National park spreads in large area, locates in complex, full of obstacles and difficult of access area, connected to local inhabitant areas; (ii.) shorted of forest ranger (1.500-2.000 ha/1 person), can not control all areas of the national park.- Illegal hunting and trading wild animal was classified as main threat by stakeholders (groups of need evaluation participants)- Illegal hunting and trading wild animal is main threat of priority species which were announced as protected species.

Threat 2 Degraded natural biotic, negative effects to environment by illegal cutting and NTFP harvesting Local people in the buffer areas have been facing big problems in generation income. Their needs in forest products gathering for daily food which causes great pressure to natural resources in Pu Mat National park.

List of 2 main management activitiesActivity 1 Strengthening law enforcement; law and policy control, promotion as

well as awareness raising in biodiversity and environment conservation

Activity 2 Development economic (generation income) to local people through sustainable tourism development without disturbing to local environment and community based natural conservation.

Date of conservation needs assessment (will be revised): June, 2004First revised version April 2005Second revised version November 2007

List of participants:Pu Mat national park:

Nguyen Thanh NhanNguyen Van SinhVo Cong Anh TuanNguyen Tat Hoa andDang Van Lieu.

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Stakeholders:Communes: Phuc Son, Hoi Son, Dinh Son, Cam Son, Tuong Son, Tam Thai, Tam Hop, Tam Quang, Tam Dinh, Yen Khe, Luc Da, Mon Son, Chau Khe, Chi Khe, Bong Khe and Lang Khe, district department of education and People committees of three district.Consultant group: Prof. Dr. Nguyen Nghia Thin

Prof. Dr. Le Huu Khoi Msc. Mr. Tran The Lien Dr. Andrew Griser JohnDr. Bettina

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Evaluation report of management at Pu Mat National parkMark grade: 01 low successful management 02 intermediate successful management 03 successful management (graded at 0,5)

Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next steps1. Legal status:Does the protected area have legal status (or in the case of private reserves is covered by a covenant or similar)?

The protected area has been formally gazetted/ covenanted

3.0 - Pu Mat natural conservation was official recognized as national park by Decision No. 174/ 2001/QD-TTg of Mr. Primary Minister. National official gazette, directly under Nghe An Provincial People Committee.Pu Mat national park was recognized as World biosphere reserve on October 2007 by UNESCO

- It will be protected and developed appropriately as level of Nation and the World

2. Protected area regulationsAre appropriate regulations in place to control land use and activities (e.g. hunting)

Regulations for controlling land use and activities in the protected area exist but there are some weaknesses or gaps

2.0 - Available control mechanism with forest rangers, patrolling and control stations.- Patrolmen of Pu Mat national park have not full official power for law enforcement- Almost all of staffs believe that present management mode will be better if they have enough fund from government. In fact, they are lack of annual national budget.

- Reevaluation present national park management mechanism- Identification disadvantage points of present mechanism- Establishment detail and appropriate activity plants- Arrangement training courses of enhancement awareness of natural resources management for national park staffs and communities- Recruitment staffs, Supplement equipment for follow up activities.

3. Law enforcement.

The staff have acceptable capacity/ resources to enforce

2.0 There were many law infringements. It means, law

- Establishment law enforcement strategy and activity plan to stakeholders such as

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsCan staff enforce protected area rules well enough ?

protected area legislation and regulations but some differences remain

enforcement capacities are incapable. Almost all of staffs graduated middle-ranking. They have been trained on law enforcement

district level and local communities- Arrangement training courses on law enforcement, focusing on reducing illegal hunting and trading wild animal - Organization community based forest protection teams- Arrangement communication on forest protection law and environmental conservation campaign

4. Protected area objectives Is management undertaken according to agreed objectives ?

The protected area has agreed objectives, but is only partially managed according to these objectives

2.0 Purposes of national park were approved and consisted by communities and stakeholders thru communication activities. Main management activities focus on biodiversity, forest resources management and some first steps of ecotourism. Other natural resources have not been focused on in the present conjuncture.

- Maintenance and strengthening communication with local communities- Focusing activities of ecotourism development program and forest protection- Establishment strategy of ecotourism development and effective forest protection which including biodiversity resources conservation and local cultural development and community economy

5. Protected area designIs the protected area the right size and shape to protect species and habitats of key conservation

Protected area design is not significantly constraining achievement of objectives, but could be improved

2.0 - National park occupied large area with diversity topography. However, the corridors areas could be established to enhance biodiversity conservation capacity- Boundaries of national park were designed to minimize conflict to local communities.

- Local communities participate to boundaries protection activities- It may design a corridor so called multifunction subdivision which will be managed and protected and shared benefit by local communities - In case of mechanism and condition permitting, it should be merged neighboring state forest enterprises to

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsconcern? All conflicts to the

communities, nevertheless, have not been solved- Almost all of the staffs of national park, stakeholders and local communities agreed that present boundaries are appropriate, but the expanding boundaries will appropriate for future

national park. On the other hand, areas of lime mountain which was allocated to local authorities, but now should by localized for conservation. Therefore, it may modify national park boundaries. - Cooperative with land and forest allocation program in buffer areas- Setting boundary modify activity plan to special use forest management activity plan

6. Protected area boundary demarcation

Is the boundary known and demarcated

The boundary of the protected area is known by both the management authority and local residents/ neighboring and users but is not a appropriately demarcated

2.0 5% staffs of national park, 50% communities and 26% staffs of stakeholders at district and commune level have not clearly known boundary of national park. Other people knew boundary of national park by bounder line, landmark, billboard and natural boundary such as river, stream, …

- Equipping to forest rangers - Setting boundary line, landmarks and billboard- Maintaining and tending boundary line annually- Announcing to local communities about boundary lines thru communication and official documents

7. Management plan.Is there a management plan and is it being implemented ?

A management plan exists but it is only being partially implemented because of funding constrains or other problems

2.0 - Management plan, activity plans of Pu Mat national park in period 2002- 2011.- Personnel project of Pu Mat national park in period 2003- 2011

- Revising annually according to realistic condition- Receiving ideas from consultants, stakeholders and local communities- Correcting and updating annually to submit to request approving from competent stakeholders for planning and budget- Searching donors for initial plan

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next steps8. Other problems 9. Regular work plan Is there a regular

work plan and is it being implemented

A regular work plan exists and many activities are implemented

2.0 Activity plans record in annual plan, controllable. Staffs get an opportunity to discuss on their working schedule. Detail activities were monthly revised

- Updating continuously and planning annual activities focusing on detail purposes/aims and controllable- Establishing control/monitor system annual and monthly activities

10. Resource inventoryDo you have enough information to manage the area

Information on the critical habitats, species and cultural values of the protected area is sufficient for most key areas of planning and decision making

2.0 - Biodiversity surveys were carried out by high class experts of Vietnam and World and Pu Mat national park staffs- Establishment permanent plots which are resurveyed annually- Doing survey plan for natural resources and ecotourism potential study However, information and data on bird, insect… has not enough, there are not professional study in some species; number of permanent plots are few

- Enhancement the role and support to scientific research- Establishment training courses for researchers- Conduction field surveys collect information/data on distribution, density of valuable and rare species. Establishment more permanent plots- Establishment detail management plan to conservation by species, biotic and developing ecotourism- Planning activities and monitoring activity of community based biodiversity

11. Research.Is there a programme of management-

There is a comprehensive, integrated programme of survey and research work, which is relevant to management needs

3.0 - Survey on biodiversity by national park staffs and high class experts of Vietnam and World- Establishment permanent plots

- Enhancement and support research activities- Establishment training courses for researchers- Continuously conduct field survey and

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsorientated survey and research work ?

with annual record- Up-to-date information on biodiversity- Research is highly appreciated by staffs, stakeholders and communities

collect information/data on distribution, density of valuable and rare species, building permanent plots- Establishment detail management plan for conservation activities by species, biotic and ecotourism development- Searching donors for research, Survey on distribution and density of species

12. Resources management.

Is active resource management being undertaken?

Many of the requirements for active management of critical habitats, species and cultural values are being implemented but some key issues are not being addressed

2.0 -Resources management activities have been done. However, they are tasks of national park staffs/staffs. They are not really tasks of local communities because of poor budget

- Signing agreement document and establishing official/law frame on mechanism of natural resource co-management- Maintaining and reserving natural ecology, primary forest ecology. Conducting survey and restore secondary forest ecology thru forest cover change and permanent plots- Evaluating the needs of management activities include training courses on local indigenous language to staffs and communicating community based forest protection and management - Coordinating the needs and annual management plan with detail aims- Establishing system of monitoring threat indices

13. Staff numbers Staff numbers are inadequate for critical management activities

1.0 - There are 86 staffs/staffs- According to investment proposal, amount of 180

- Evaluating capacity and opportunity to solve this issue at provincial and national level

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsAre there enough people employed to manage the protected area ?

staffs/staffs was recommended. According to interview result, 88% staffs of Pu Mat national park believe that there are not qualified enough for all activities of the park- Staffs/staffs of national park and other stakeholders believed that it needs about 133 - 161 staffs. - According to investment proposal, 9 forest protection posts needs 110 staffs/staffs but present number of staffs is 54 person

- Organizing forest protection and monitoring teams at community level to reduce pressure of national park staffs- Recruiting new good forest staffs/staffs- Searching investment capital and improving equipment to encourage staff’s working responsibility- Community based conservation management (establishing patrol team with local communities as a partner).

14. Personnel management.Did staffs/staffs manage well ?

Personnel management in national park have been done well

1.0 - Personnel management activities of national park were evaluated as moderately good. However, because of large areas, lack of communication equipment and low infrastructure, some personnel management activities is not so good- Personnel organization was managed by Provincial Forest Protection Department. The recruitment, therefore, have

- Strengthening personnel management activities in national park- Establishing activity plan for units, sections, teams and individual- Establishing working regulation- Establishing detail activity plan with monitoring system - Carrying yearly (end) evaluation out about working capacity of individual, units, sections, teams- Improving communication system- Holding training courses on personnel management

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsbeen facing many problems - Improving situation of recruitment with

decentralized administration with Nghe An FPD

15. Staff training.Are staff adequately trained to fulfil management objectives ?

Training, enhancement capacity, communication skills, and some professional skills were carried out annually

1.5 - 36% staffs/staffs graduated and post graduated- 59% staffs/staffs finished from intermediate level and 5% primary level.- Some staffs/staffs have not been trained on conservation skills and knowledge- Main needs of training program are law enforcement and scientific research

- Training need assessment- Establishing activity plan on staff training - Identifying training needs of staffs/staffs- Finding budgets for training courses- Recruiting high quality staffs/staffs

16. Current budget

Is the current budget sufficient?

Not enough budget leads many limit and difficulty in management

1.5 - 63% staffs/staffs of national park and 81% staffs of stakeholders believe that, present budget of national park is very low as compare with great tasks- 59% staffs/staffs of national park and 62% staffs of stakeholders believe that, national park have not enough equipment- National budget covers salary and some small activities

- Developing research proposals and projects - Developing infrastructure to search new investment especially, ecotourism projects- Writing new realizable national budget plan base on management strategy and activity plan- Searching budget from province, ministry and other donors for strategy needs

17. Security of budget

Stable/safe budget sources and adding budget from external

1.5 - Stable feature of budget is lower than investment proposal

- Developing research proposals and projects

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next steps

Is the budget secure ?

sources - Stable budget source is salary and responsible allowance of staffs/staffs - 59% staffs/staffs of national park and 62% staffs of stakeholders believe that, national park have not enough equipment - There are not enough staffs/officer in Pu Mat national park

- Developing infrastructure to search new investment especially, ecotourism projects- Writing new realizable national budget plan base on management strategy and activity plan- Searching budget from province, ministry and other donors for strategy needs

18.Management of budget.Is the budget managed to meet critical management needs ?

Budget management is adequate but could be improved

2.0 - 96% staffs/staffs of national park believe that budget/financial management in the national park is appropriate at the present time, only some of them think that it is not appropriate

- Planning financial management strategy including standard process- Holding training courses on financial management, monitoring and standard financial report, especially financial report for donors - Mobilizing capital/budget to meet the needs of national park tasks

19. Equipment. Is equipment sufficient for management needs ?

There are some equipment such as walkie-talkie, GPS, Solar energy electric generator and some other material but lack of some other important material, some equipments were downgraded

1.5 - 79% staffs/staffs of national park believe that equipments of national park are lack and needs reequipped

- Establishing equipment plan and searching financial source for new equipment

20. Maintenance of equipment

Many modern equiptment need training course on instruction and use manual as well as

2.5 - 76% staffs/staffs of national park belive that, equiptment management activities are good

- Evaluating present equiptment and means- Documenting user and instruction

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsIs equipment adequately maintained ?

special maintaining condition. Some other equiptment need also good condition of maintainance

-It needs also better maintaining condition for better use effects - Planning equiptment management regularly - 83% staffs/staffs of national park guided use and instruction: walkie-talkie, GPS and other equiptment such as gun and other weapons

guides popular and specialized tools. Holding training courses on instruction and use guide- Documenting equiptment maintainance, use and moritoring regulation- Maintaining budget should be planed in annual spending

21. Education and awarenessIs there a planned education programme linked to the objectives and needs ?

There is an education and awareness programme but it is only partly meets needs and could be improved

2.0 - There are Unite of communication and education on environment and ecotourism- Activity plans were designed at 54 schools and 111 villages.. - Almost all of communication between national park and stakeholders are good (65% high appreciations from communities, 59% high appreciation from stakeholders, 62% high appreciation from from staffs/staffs).Communication activities to communities are good (62% high appreciation from from communities).

- Designing longterm communication and dissemination programme with participanting from stakeholders- Establishing community’s communication and education team.- Holding training courses on communication skills, scientific/professional and law knowledge

22. State and commercial

Information among land owners (national park and stakeholders) exchange

1.5 - Good relationship to district people committees and provincial people committee,

- Sharing information with all partners in communication and national park development strategy

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsneighbours

Is there co-operation with adjacent land users

regularly, but not so good with private business companies.

forest protection departments- Not so good relationship to state forest enterprises, private companies.- 29% staffs/staffs of national park learn information on state forest enterprises, private companies and 50% staffs/staffs of national park believe that, there are good relationship with state forest enterprises, private companies, 30% staffs/staffs of national park believe that, this relationship is normal and 10% staffs/staffs of national park believe that, this relationship is bad.

- Holding regular interdisciplinary meetings with stakeholders to share experience and relevant information- Establishing mechanism of legal and official sharing information among stakeholders

23. Indigenous people

Do indigenous and traditional peoples resident or regularly using the protected area have input to management decisions ?

Indigenous and traditional peoples directly contribute to some relevant decisions relating to management but their involvement could be improved

2.0 - 66% local people high appreciation from relationship between national park and local communities- Almost all of staffs/staffs of national park and stakeholders high appreciate from this relationship to local people. Only some of them belive that, it need more participants from local people and communities- 52% local interviewer agree

- Establishing community based two-ways activity plans- Increasing manational parkower in community communication and education unit- Strengthening communication activities with co-opperative schools, borderguard and local authorities- Holding training courses on communication skills (in both form and content), living with people to understand the their needs

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsthat public relations of national park is good- Local people Ngêi d©n want to participate forest management and protection activities. They support also co-management strategies

- Organizing club of non-timber-forest products- Expanding co-ordinating activity with local communities: organization forest protection team, land allocation to local community at buffer areas, signing village regulation, land use planning, developing agroforestry system, developing model of household, community ecomomic system. Those activities should be clear to communities and stakeholders

24. Local communities

Do local communities resident or near the protected area have input to management decisions ?

Almost of decision of national park were discussed with local communities for forest co-management plan at buffer areasPropagating knowledge, law and policy to communities and stakeholder thru communication Co-ordinating with local communities in forest patrol, monitoring and management

2.0 - 66% local people high appreciation from relationship between national park and local communities - 72% communities agree with present public relation activities of national park- Almost all of staffs/staffs and stakeholders and local people belive that, national park should cooperative with local people in natural resources management, community communication and education, ecotourist development and illegal activities. Community development is safe form of

- Increasing manational parkower in community communication and education unit.- Strengthening communication activities with co-opperative schools, borderguard and local authorities- Holding training courses on communication skills (in both form and content), living with people to understand the their needs- Expanding co-ordinating activity with local communities: organization forest protection team, land allocation to local community at buffer areas, signing village regulation, land use planning, developing agroforestry system, developing model of household,

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsforest protection, a strategy of national park.

community ecomomic system. Those activities should be clear to communities and stakeholders

25. Economic benefitIs the protected area providing economic benefits to local communities, e.g. income, employment, payment for environmental services ?

There is a major flow of economic benefits to local communities from activities associated with the protected area

3.0 People and staffs/staffs highly appreciate ecotourist potential of Pu Mat national park. It opens a good way of forest development in term of improving income generation to national park and local people. It is also a good chance to improve local infrastructure.

- Studying, reseaching, planning and investing visiting spots without environmental effects- Searching inational parkut capital for ecotourist development.- Planning ecotourist spots at sensitive location (such as natural beauty scences, historical and cultural monuments), developing indigenous culture and developing traditional trade villages.- Holding training courses for local tourist guider

26. Visitor facilities Are visitor facilities adequate ?

Not yet establishment No equiptment and means for visitors in tourist spots

- Searching national budget to equipt material, means, infrastruction development (Tourist development should be carried out in administration and service area only)- Holding training courses on ecotourist guider

27. Ecotourist management

New born 1.0 Planning with ecotourist development

SWOT analyzing of ecotouristRecommending solutions to reduce negartive effects such as effects from visitor to natural resources, pollution, illegal forest product impacts, social evil

28. Commercial Not yet establishment First step of establishment. Designed in plan of ecotourist

- Developing infrastructure of tourist spots

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepstourism operators development - Equipting material and means for

ecotourist- Designed special tourist production to meet the needs shopping of visitors- Receiving visiting fee to refund ecotourist development

29.Fees. If fees (i.e. entry fees or fines) are applied, do they help protected area management ?

Not yet establishment Not yet establishmentDesigned in plan of ecotourist development

- Organizing visiting ticket sale after tourist product design

30. Other potentials

Other potential at Pu Mat national park is herb resources

1.0 Not yet research for application, development and propagation

- Researching, applying and propagating valuable herbs- Propagating apply traditional treatment by local herb of local communities- Searching market for herbs and other non timber forest product.

31. Conservation activities evaluation

Some important issues on biodiversity, ecology and cultural values have been erodedConservation activity plays an important roles. It is strategy tasks of Pu Mat national park

2.0 - Protecting natural resources value, carrying well research, evaluation and management activities out- Illegal hunting is the most dangerous threat- Ecology benefit is degraded- There are not enough information on cultural value to make decision in this time

- Establishing conservation and management and planning system in protection areas- Monitoring resource value to manage securely- Planning restore biotics which were interfered- Propagating and developing as well as expanding distribution areas of rare and valuable species

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next steps32. Forest fire management

Well done, No serious forest fire in Pu Mat national park

2.5 - No forest fire happened in Pu Mat national park is agreed by almost of staffes/offices and stakeholders - Some of interviewer recorded small forest fires in drought season and shifting cultivation field burning season (1999, 2001 - 2004).Fire areas is about 2 - 3 ha at buffer areas- Holding well training on fire preventation

- Enhancing vigilant capacity of forest fire preventation and fight - Holding training courses on forest fire management for staffs/staffs, stakeholders and communities- Strengthening forest fire preventing and fighting equiptment

33. Patrol and law enforcement

- Protection system (patrol team) work well and reducing negartive effect to forest resourcesGood information system on forest cover change- Law enforcement is strict and clear so it can reduce effect to forest resources and enhance law awareness of local communities

2.0 - Law enforcement activities are highly appreciate as compare to other activities in Pu Mat national park- Establishing forest management post, patrol teams - Activities of forest ranger posts and barrier spots are effective- 89% staffs/staffs agreed that legal department of Pu Mat national park is active and operate 1 – 3 patrols per month- Penalty strictly illegal activities - About 10% of illegal activities

- Establishing strategy of law enforcement (see above)- Holding training courses on law enforcement- Establishing community based forest patrol team - Marking boder line of core area, buffer areas- Strengthening manational parkower in patrol, rangers- Enhancing and haning over authority to forest ranger to carried out their tasks- Propagating law and regulation to stakeholders- Carrying internal inspection out, preventing corruption

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Issue Criteria Score Comment/ Explanation Next stepsare arrested, 1/70 cases were introduction os instance

34. Evaluation benefit of community

- Pu Mat national park plays an important role in economic developing strategy of Nghe An province- Supporting community in economic development is main activity of Pu Mat national park

2.5 - 74% interviewer believe that founding Pu Mat national park effect to their daily life (negative effect)According to staffs7staffs and stakeholders, founding Pu Mat national park effect negatively and positively- Local people get benefit directly from projects- Relative to ecology benefit, Pu Mat national park contributes to economic development of local communities

- Planning and allocating forest land and signing regulation of co-management with local people/communities- Researching economic development potential in term of agriculture, forestry- Searching other income instead of forest product for local people: introducing model of economic development, applying new knowledge and technology in breeding, agriculture and forestry- Investing ecotourist development, traditional village trade development and other potential to improve infrastructure, create jobs and generation income for local community

35. Monitoring and evaluationDis management activities monitor and evaluate?

Monitoring and evaluation activities have been carried out but because of lack of expenditure so this system does not uphold

2.0 - M&E was carried out by forest ranger with cooperative of stakeholders and local authorities with the participatory of local communities - Meeting the needs of conservation and development aims

- Monitoring forest resources - Seting management activity plan whis deal with aims of Pu Mat national park- Searching for external donors- Combining better stakeholders, local communities and local authorities

Total (Maximum 105 marks) 61 Management level : intermediate successful management

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Table 1:Part I. International important biodiversity features at Pu Mat National park

Biodiversity features NoteFlora system

(Nguån: Vegetation biodiversity at Pu Mat National park, 2004, SFNC, Agricultural publishing house)Phylum Species Rate% Genus Rate % Family Rate%

Psilotophyta 1 0,04 1 0,11 1 0,50Lycopodiophyta 18 0,72 3 0,32 2 0,99Equisetophyta 1 0,04 1 0,11 1 0,50Podipodyphyta 149 5,97 69 7,42 24 11,88Pinophyta 16 0,64 12 1,28 7 3,47Magnoliophyta 2309 92,58 845 90,86 167 82,67Total: 2494 100 931 100 202 100As compare to the flora system of Vietnam, with amount of 2,494 species of vegetation, Pu Mat national park becomes the national park with the largest number as compare to all of the other national parks of the country. She plays an important roles in vegetation species composition in of the Vietnamese flora system. About 23.7% of the total species of Vietnam were identified in Pu Mat national park with almost all of vegetation phylums of Vietnam

Phylum Pu Mat national park Vietnam % of contribution to Vietnamspecies rate No of species rate %

Psilotophyta 1 0,04 2 0,02 50Lycopodiophyta 18 0,72 57 0,54 31,58Equisetophyta 1 0,04 2 0,02 50Podipodyphyta 149 5,97 644 6,08 23,14Pinophyta 16 0,64 63 0,06 25,40Magnoliophyta 2309 92,58 9812 92,74 23,53

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Total: 2494 100 10580 100 23,57According to the Vietnamese Red list of threatened vegetation, valuable and rare species have been facing threat at Pu Mat national park is showed in below formula:

Total of species: 68 = 1 E + 18 V + 14 T + 21 R + 14 KE: Endangered; V: Vulnerable; T: Threatened; R: Rare; K: Insufficiently known

As the role of conservation of Pu Mat national park as compare to flora system in Vietnam, flora system at Pu Mat national park occupies about 20.17% of the total species which were recorded in Vietnamese Red list of threatened species. The flora system of Pu Mat national park, therefore, is identified as place, where have been storing many valuable and rare gene resources of Vietnam. It needs good and appropriate protection policies for species conservation.List of threatened species and their status (Ref. The Vietnamese Red list of threatened species) is showed in Table:No. Scientific name Vietnamese name Status (Ref. Vietnamese Red list of

threatened species)1 Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte Giã bÇu E2 Bursera tonkinensis Guillaumin Tr¸m chim K3 Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. L¸t hoa K4 Cibotium barometz (L.) J. J. Sm. L«ng cu li K5 Dacrydium elatum Wall. ex Hook. Hoµn g ®µn gi¶ K6 Dialium cochinchinense Pierre Xoay K7 Fibraurea recisa Pierre Hång ®»ng K8 Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry & H. H.

ThomasP¬ mu K

9 Hopea hainanensis Merr. et Chun Sao h¶i nam K10 Madhuca pasquieri (Dub.) Lam SÕn mËt K11 Meliantha suavis Pierre Rau s¾ng K12 Morinda officinalis F. C. How Ba kÝch K13 Psilotum nudum (L.) Beauv. QuyÕt l¸ th«ng K14 Scaphium macropodium (Miq.) BeumÐe [S.

lychnophorum (Hance) Kost]¦¬i K

15 Shorea chinensis (Wang Hsie) H. Zhu Chß chØ K20

16 Amentotaxus agrotaenia (Hance) Pilg. Sam b«ng säc tr¾ng hÑp R17 Anoectochilus aff. setaceus Blume Lan gÊm trung bé R18 Argusia argentea (L. f.) H. Heine B¹c biÓn, Phong ba R19 Bennettiodendron cordatum Merr. S¬n quÕ hoa R20 Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte Vï h¬ng RNo. Scientific name Vietnamese name Status (Ref. Vietnamese Red

list of threatened species)21 Cleistanthus petelotii Merr. ex Croizat Cäc rµo R22 Cunninghamia konishii Hayata Sa mu dÇu R23 Endiandra hainanensis Merr. & Metc. ex

AllenVõ R

24 Enicosanthellum plagioneura (Diels.) Ban Nhäc tr¸i khíp l¸ thu«n R25 Enkianthus quinqueflorus Lour. Chu«ng treo R26 Fagus longipetiolata Seem. Cö cuèng dµi, Såi c¸nh R27 Illicium parviflorum Merr. Håi hoa nhá R28 Illicium ternstroemioides A. C. Sm. Håi hËu b× h¬ng R29 Leptomischus primuloides A.C. Smith B¸o xu©n xuyÕn R30 Liparis petelotii Gagnep. Lan nhÉn diÖp pª-t¬-l« R31 Pistacia cucphuongensis Dai Kh¶i cóc phng R32 Pothos kerrii Buch. C¬m lªnh nhá R33 Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd. & Wils. HuyÕt ®»ng R34 Smilax elegantissima Gagnep. Kim cang, Kim cang

thanh lÞchR

35 Strychnos nitida G. Don M· tiÒn l¸ bãng R36 Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. Th«ng ®á R37 Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu Trêng s©ng T38 Ardisia miniata Pit Träng ®òa ®á chãi T39 Caesalpinia sappan L. T« méc, Vang T

Callicarpa bracteata Roxb. Tu hó méc T21

4041 Drynaria fortunei (Kuntze ex Mett.) J. Sm.

(Polypodium fortunei Kuntze)Thuû long cèt T

42 Euonymus chinensis Benth. §ç träng nam T43 Hopea pierrei Hance KiÒn kiÒn T44 Paviesia annamensis Pierre Trêng mËt trung bé T45 Rauvolfia cambodiana Pierre ex Pit. Ba g¹c cam-pu-chia T46 Smilax aff. petelotii Koy. CÈm cang pª-t-l« T47 Smilax poilanei Gagnep. Kim cang poa-lan TNo. Scientific name Vietnamese name Status (Ref. Vietnamese Red

list of threatened species)48 Strophanthus divaricatus (Lour) Hook et Arn. Sõng dª T49 Strychnos cf. ignatii Bergius Cñ chi T50 Tournefortia montana Lour. Bß c¹p nói T51 Acmena acuminatissimum (Blume) Merr. et

Perr. Thoa V

52 Ardisia silvestris Pit. L¸ kh«i tÝm V53 Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. (C.

usitatum Pierre)Vµng ®¾ng V

54 Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. TuÕ lîc V55 Dalbergia aff. cochinchinensis Pierre (D.

cambodiana Pierre)Tr¾c cam-pu-chia V

56 Dalbergia tonkinensis Prain Tr¾c thèi V57 Disporopsis longifolia Craib Tróc c¨n thÊt V58 Lindera myrrha (Lour.) Merr. DÇu ®¾ng, ¤ dîc V59 Manglietia fordiana Oliv. Giæi, Vµng t©m V60 Markhamia stipulata (Wall.) Soem. ex

Schum. §inh V

Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laub. Kim giao V22

6162 Nageia wallichiana (C. Presl.) Kuntze Th«ng nói, Th«ng mñ V63 Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill. Ba g¹c V64 Rhodoleia championii Hook. f. Hång quang p¬-linh V65 Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. et S.S.

LarsenGâ ®á V

66 Smilax glabra Roxb. Thæ phôc linh V67 Xylopia pierrei Hance GiÒn tr¾ng V68 Zenia insignis Chun. Muång tr¾ng V

AnimalMam-mal

No. Scientific name Vietnamese name Status (Ref. Vietnamese Red list

of threatened species)

IUCN(1996)

1 Rhinolophus thomasi D¬i l¸ t«ma LR2 Miniopterus schreibersi D¬i c¸nh dµi LR3 Cynocephalus varigatus(Audebert) Chån D¬i R4 Nycticebus coucang Cu li lín V5 Nycticebus pygmaeus Cu li nhá V GT - VU6 Macaca leonina KhØ ®u«i lîn V GT - VU7 Macaca assamensis KhØ mèc V GT - VU8 Macaca mulatta KhØ Vµng LR9 Macaca arctoides KhØ mÆt ®á V GT - VU

10 Semnopithecus phayrei Voäc x¸m V DD11 Pygathryx nemaeus Chµ v¸ ch©n n©u E GT - EN

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12 Nomascus leucogenys Vîn ®en m¸ tr¾ng E DD13 Cuon alpinus Chã sãi löa E GT - VU14 Ursus thibetanus GÊu ngùa E GT - VU15 Ursus malayanus GÊu chã E DD16 Mustela kathiah TriÕt bông vµng R17 Mustela strigidorsa TriÕt chØ lng R GT - VU18 Lutra lustra R¸i c¸ thêng T19 Lutra perspicilata R¸i c¸ l«ng mît V GT - VU20 Aonyx cinesea R¸i c¸ nhá V LR21 Arctogalidia trivirgata( Grey,1832) CÇy Tai Tr¾ng E22 Viverra megaspila CÇy Gi«ng §èm Lín E23 Arctictis binturong CÇy Mùc V24 Chrotogale owstoni CÇy V»n E GT - VU25 Prionailurus viverrinus MÌo C¸ R LR26 Pardofelis marmorata ( Martin, 1873 ) MÌo GÊm V DD27 Catopuma temminckii Beo Löa V LR28 Pardofelis nebulosa B¸o GÊm V GT - VU29 Panthera pardus B¸o Hoa mai E GT - VU30 Panthera tigris Hæ E GT - CR31 Elephas maximus Voi V GT - EN32 Sus buculentus ( Huede, 1892 ) Lîn Rõng Trêng S¬n EX33 Tragulus javanicus (Osbeck, 1765 ) Cheo cheo nam dng V34 Muntiacus truongsonensis(Giaoetal,1998 ) Mang Trêng s¬n V DD35 Muntiacus vuquangensis(DoTuocetal,1994 ) Mang Lín V D§36 Bos gaurus ( Smith, 1827 ) Bß tãt E GT - VU37 Capriconis sumatraensis(Bechstein,1799 ) S¬n D¬ng V GT - VU38 Pseudoryx nghetinhensis(Dung et al.,1993) Sao La E GT - EN

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39 Manis pentadactyla ( Linnaeus, 1758 ) Tª Tª Vµng v40 Ratufa bicolor ( Sparrman,1778 ) Sãc ®en R41 Callosciurus inornatus ( Gray,1867 ) Sãc Bông X¸m GT - VU

Bird1 Arborophila chorltonii Gµ so ngôc gô GT - VU2 Lophura nycthemera Gµ l«i tr¾ng R3 Rheinardia ocellata TrÜ sao T GT - VU4 Pavo muticus C«ng R GT - VU5 Picus rabieri Gâ kiÕn xanh cæ ®á T GT - VU6 Anorrhinus tickilli NiÖc n©u T GT - VU7 Aceros nipalensis NiÖc cæ hung E GT - VU8 Alcedo hercules Bång chanh rõng T GT - VU9 Megaceryle lugubri Bãi c¸ lín T

10 Carpococcyx renauldi Phín ®Êt T LR11 Colloadia brevirostris YÕn nói R12 Strix leptogrammica Hó R13 Treron seimundi Cu xanh R LR14 Ichthyophaga humilis DiÒu c¸ bÐ LR15 Microhierax melanoleucã C¾t nhá bông tr¾ng LR16 Pitta nipalensis §u«i côt g¸y xanh LR17 Pitta soror §u«i côt ®Çu x¸m LR18 Pitta cyanea §u«i côt ®Çu ®á R19 Pitta elliotii §u«i côt bông v»n T LR20 Urocissa whiteadi GiÎ cïi vµng LR21 Temnurus temnurus Chim kh¸ch ®u«i cê T22 Niltava davidi §íp ruåi c»m ®en LR23 Cochoa viridis C« c« xanh LR

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24 Grrulax maesi Khíu x¸m T LR25 Grrulax merulinus Khíu ngùc ®èm R LR26 Jabouilleia danjoui Khíu má dµi T GT - VU27 Alcippe cinerea L¸ch t¸ch häng vµng LR28 Alcippe rufogularis L¸ch t¸ch häng hung LR

Reptile1 Platysternon megacephalum Rïa ®Çu to R DD2 Citoclemmys ( Cuora ) galbinifrons Rïa hép tr¸n vµng V3 Cuora trifasciata Rïa hép ba v¹ch V GT - EN4 Sacalia quadriocellata Rïa bèn m¾t GT - VU5 Ocadia sinensis Rïa cæ säc LR6 Manouria impressa Rïa nói viÒn V GT - VU7 Indotestudo elongata Rïa nói vµng V GT - VU8 Gekko gecko T¾c kÌ T9 Acanthosaura lepidogater ¤ r« vÈy T

10 Physignathus cocincinus Rång ®Êt V11 [ Varanus bengalensis] K× ®µ v©n V12 [ Varanus salvator K× ®µ hoa V13 Python reticukatus Tr¨n m¾t vâng V14 Python molurus bivittatus Tr¨n gÊm (Tr¨n ®Êt) V LR15 Pytas korros R¾n r¸o thêng T16 Pytas mucosus R¾n r¸o tr©u V17 Ophiophagus hannah R¾n hæ chóa E18 Naja naja R¾n hæ mang bµnh T19 Bungarus fasciatus R¾n c¹p nong T

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Amphi-bian

1 Bufo galeatus Cãc rõng R2 R ana livida complex Õch xanh T3 Rana spinulosa Õch gai T4 Rana microlineata Õch v¹ch T

FishIn the total of 83 fish species identified at Pu Mat national park, 6 of them were recorded in Vietnamese red list of threatened species

Lepidopterons

ButterflySpecies name Note

1 Delias agoranis New identified species at Vietnam

2 Ypthima affectata (Satyridae) New identified species at Vietnam

3 Laringa horsfieldi New identified species at Vietnam

4 Euthalida sahadeva (Nymphalidae) New identified species at Vietnam

5 Jamides virgulatus New identified species at Vietnam

6 Jamides ferrari New identified species at Vietnam

7 Flos aniella New identified species at Vietnam

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8 Horaga syrinx (Lycaenidae) New identified species at Vietnam

Moth1 Dolbina inexacta New identified species at

Vietnam2 Callambulyx poecilus New identified species at

Vietnam3 Macroglossum friszei New identified species at

Vietnam4 Phyllosphingia dissimilis New identified species at

Vietnam

Table 1. Part II: Direct threats to biodiversity (identified at Part 1)Main threats Description Purpose

Illegal hunting Illegal hunting wild animals from National park core area of local people, who live in or near this region, for livelihood and trade purposes. Besides, external people also join these activities. This is a seriously problem which be admited by all national park staffs.

Illegal hunting and catching wild animals from national park will be no longer.

Timber logging Local people, who live in or near national park, take wood, firewood and edible plants from forest for living needs and trade purposes.

Timber logging from national park will be no longer.

Increasing population Because of emigration of external people, unknowledge on birth-control and backward manners-customs and limited awareness, so they think "If heaven provides elephants, it must also provide them with grass to feed on". This is the reason why population increases rapidly, putting a grave pressure on forest resource and cultivated land.

- Strengthen population communication activity and birth-control, reduce natural increasing population.

- Free emigration of external people into will be limitted.

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Agricultural land new enlargement

People, who live in or near national park, have set forest on fire to enlarge agricultural land. Especially, in Khe Khang, there are 3 villages of Dan Lai ethnic living in present, it has not got agricultural land enlargement under close control.

Setting forest on fire to enlarge agricultural land will be stopped.

Forest fire Forest in national park core area can be lost by forest fire. Local people, who live in or near the forest, may be the cause for forest fire thru their living activities such as: taking honey, burning off forest to enlarge agricultural land, or their unintentional activities.

Forest fire will be unavailable.

NTFPs over-exploitation Local people main income has been made from NTFP exploiting. However, urban traders have get most profit from this activity while local people have get no more, in addition, labor cost is paid too low, therefore poor people have being met with many difficulties in their life. Investment for NTFP development is not available, so supply and needs conflict is getting more and more.

- NTFP exploiting must be controlled closely.- The poor people will be supported from Government policy on economical development and job security.- Developing and disseminating NTFP to balance the supply and the needs.

Table 2. Pu Mat National park threat assessment formAssessment mark: 15 (Total assessment mark from all threats follows opinions of community, national park staffs and stakeholder boards)

Direct Indirect Mark Proposal activities to prevent threats1. Illegal hunting wild animals and catching fish.

- Livelihood of local people. - Livelihood of exploiter (both legal and illegal cases)- Market needs - To protect farm produce.- High trade

14,2 - Communication activities on law about management and protection forest, and natural conservation. -Communication, educating and raising environmental awareness for community.- Communication law enforcement (example: forest patrolling, wild animals trading preventing, freelances network establishment).- Establishment law enforcement strategy and activity plan.- Strengthening on inspection, assessment and preventing external people penetration into forest.- Establishment effective freelances and information network from community.- Establishment supervisory system for law enforcement assignment.

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value. - Confiscating means hunting and weapons.- Combine with community to find illegal hunters and loggers, from there, establishing measures to deter, educate and convert.- Propagandizing and educating national park regulations clearly and popularly, so community can understand plainly.- Strengthen combining with stakeholder boards via committing and partner activities.- Establishment many security guards team and strengthen national park, forest wardens and community combination which used commune level.- Pulling traps out, supervising shaven mountain and bare land in communal area. Forbidden illegal hunting in core area, some species can be hunted in buffer area (with detail and clear legal document and hunting limitedly). Thru boundary correction, land allocation and village convention establishment to satisfy living needs and protect crop. - Raising community’s awareness on importance level of some priority species in national park.

2. Timber logging

- Market needs.- Local needs.

12 - Establishment law enforcement training for management board staffs such as patrolling, preventing wild animal’s trade, establishing freelance network.- Intensify patrolling and pursuing- Establishment and enforcement natural conservation plan, biodiversity conservation with participatory of community. Encouraging community take part in this activity.- Establishment law enforcement strategy and activity plan.- Combining with local community to find illegal loggers.- Establishment information network from local community.- Establishment supervisory system for law enforcement assignment. - Evaluation local using needs.- Strengthen indigenous species plant in the buffer area thru plantation program to relate with landscape and satisfy using wood for society needs. - Allocation forestry land for community in buffer area to exploit forest products sustainable. - Propagandize and educate national park regulations clearly and popularly, therefore community can understand clearly.

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- Combine with stakeholders boards through committing and partner activity.- Consolidation forest protection force, coordinate closely with local authorities and local forest wardens.

3. Increasing population

- Education level of local people is not high, backward manners and customs, low awareness…- People from other places emigrate to.

12 - Strengthen population and birth-control communication activity, analyzing evil influences caused by population increasing, deprivation of many-children families and showing the interest from birth-control program such as improving human life and future generations are better.

- Reducing natural population increasing and emigrant from other places, decreasing human impacts into forest.

4. Forest fire - Agricultural land enlargement.

- Bee exploitation from forest.

- Burning off forest land for cultivation.

- Lighting fire when people live in forest.

10,9 - Minimizing the deforestation from enlarge agricultural land, encouraging rotational cultivation system.

- Communication & community's awareness raising on forest conservation and forest fire preventing.

- Preventing bee exploitation from forest, burning beehive to take honey is especially. - Fining strictly for misconduct.- Fitting up forest fire forecast system.

5. Agricultural land enlargement

- Living demands (food)

10,2 - Localizing the agricultural production area, applying economical models and agricultural production models, investing seedling source for agricultural development.

- Strengthening mission of communication activity.

- Living 13 - Defining the co-management for sustainable forest products exploit that is managed by 31

6. NTFP over-exploitation

demands- Market demands

forest monitoring and patrolling group and be supervised by national park management board.

- Surveying and assessing NTFP potentiality and economical value to supervise convenient.- Establishment a department that majors in law enforcement administration.- Training law enforcement for person in charge (example: patrolling, preventing wildlife

trade).- Establishing law enforcement strategy and action plan.- Strenthenning mission of patrolling.- Combining with local community to find the external people before they enter into

national park.- Establishment effective freelance network.- Establishment supervisory system for law enforcement assignment. - Propagandizing and educating laws that relate to national park clearly and popularly, so

community can understand clearly.- Establishment more monitoring and patrolling group and strengthening community’s grade

combining between national park, forest patrolling group and community.- Through boundary demarcation, allocating forestry land and establishing village regulation

for forest protection and development, creating co-management area that can be cultivated, serving for living demand.

Table 3.Recommendation

activitiesSuccessful ability Authority of

National park

Available resources Supported priority from

VCF1. Enhancement law enforcement on wildlife trade prevention

- High- Local communities and stakeholders agreed, supported and participated

Yes National budget for wage fund of staffs/staffs

High

2. Encouragement participation of local

- High- Aims and activity plans of Pu Mat national park were supported by local

Yes National budget is low High

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community in conservation activities: - Undertaking conservation contract with households- Establishing community base co-management mechanism

communities and stakeholders- Local people want to participate co-management policy

3. Strengthening law enforcement unit- Organizing patrol group with participation of local communities- Establishing information network and holding study-tour among communities

- High- Forest ranger plays the role of core member with support from local communities and partners

Yes Non national budgetStaffs/staffs participate training courses of FPD

High

4. Establishment law enforcement strategy

- High Yes Few, because budget source come from provincial fund

5. Enhancement awareness on conservation- Conduct village meetings for communication activities- Supporting village radiobroadcast program to broadcast conservation

- High- Designed in activity plan of Pu Mat national park with supported of stakeholders such as police, and monitoring group.

Yes National budget about 5,000 USD/year in which 4,000 USD for salary (wage fund) and allowance

High

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program- Publishing and dispensing document on enhancement awareness of environment- Continuing environmental education program at villages and schools

6. Development sustainable tourism - Conduct training courses on tour guide to local people- Planning, establishing and carrying out regulations on ecotourism

- High Yes National budged is about 20,000 USD/year for equipment, guesthouse buildingNo budget for training and planning

High .

7. Establishment monitoring and reporting system for law enforcement activity

- High- Designed in activity plan of Pu Mat national park with supported of stakeholders such as police, monitoring group

Yes No High

8. Establishment network of collaborator

- High- Including local people, village forest rangers

Yes No budget nowIn 2000- 2001, this fund was supported by SFNC project (wage fund for collaborators)

High

9. Enforcement patrol and check

- High- Communities and stakeholders agreed and participated

Yes National budget supported wage fund, and equipped material and weapon for patrol but very few

Moderate

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10. Enhancement cooperative to stakeholders

- High- Agreed from stakeholders

Yes No Moderate

11. Communication activity and education law and policy system

- High- Local communities and stakeholders agreed and participated

Yes No budget nowIn 1998- 2003 this budget were funded by project on environmental education team

High.

12. Establishment sign board of regulation for no hunting or logging board

- Moderate - Local people learn and understand meaning of notice board

Yes Annual budget from infrastructure but few

Not belong to supported priority of VCF

13. Confiscation and collecting hunting guns and traps

- Moderate - Many hunter hide their weapons and traps in the forestMany of people agreedPlanning activity plan on law enforcement

Yes No Moderate

14. Engagement with communities for no hunting and village regulation

- Moderate - Small amount of people hunt illegally - Banning hunting in core area and allowing hunting in buffer area and apply with some species

Yes No Moderate

15. Timber needs assessment at Pu Mat areas

- High- Because of timber price is increasing, local people used “met” (one kind of local bamboo) for house construction and daily use instead of timber. The needs of timbers of lowland people and local rich man are

Yes

No High

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still high16.Forest product needs assessment of local people

- Moderate - Almost all of local people use forest products daily

Yes No budget Moderate

17. Establishment model of sustainable NTFP development

- High- Local people want to improve their living standard

Yes No High

18. Land allocation to local community in buffer zone

- High- Local people want to join co-management policy.Stakeholders are also agreed

Participated National budget such as 661 program No request support

19. Support plantation program to combine plantation activities and conservation activities

- High- Local people want to join co-management policy.Stakeholders are also agreed

Participated National budget such as 661 program - Moderate

20. Land use planning - High- Local people want to join co-management policy.Stakeholders are also agreed

Yes No High

21. Engagement and agreement of community on boundary of Pu Mat national park

- Moderate- Boundary at somewhere has not been suitable for community yet.

Yes No No request support

22. Demarcation of Pu Mat national park

- High- Local people really want to know boundary to not break.

Yes Not nowIn past, this activity was paid by national budget

Not belong to supported priority of VCF

23. Establishment forest fire prevention system

- Moderate - There is low ability of forest fire in Pu Mat national park, however, it

Yes FPD supports annually about 10,000 USD/yearIn which, 8,000 USD for wage fund

Training were designed in aim of VCF

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- Training courses on forest fire management

needs forest fire management and monitoring system

and allowance of forest rangers projects

37