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Kendriya Vidyalaya Misa Cantt
W.E. AssignmentSubmitted to
Sanjay Sir
Submitted byLeepanter Bhagawati.
There are many types of conventional sources of energy across the world in which there are hydro electric power plants and the thermal power plants leading them or satisfying the needs of the people in a mass scale. Thermal power plant is equally important in respect to its energy generating capability .
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fuel sources. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electricity. Some thermal power plants also
deliver heat energy for industrial purposes, for district heating, or for desalination of water as well as delivering electrical power. A large part of human CO2 emissions comes from fossil fueled thermal power plants; efforts to reduce these outputs are various and widespread.Almost all coal, nuclear, geothermal, solar thermal electric, and waste incineration plants, as well as many natural gas power plants are thermal. Natural gas is frequently combusted in gas turbines as well as boilers. The waste heat from a gas turbine can be used to raise steam, in a combined cycle plant that improves overall
efficiency. Power plants burning coal, fuel oil, or natural gas are often called fossil-fuel power plants. Some biomass-fueled thermal power plants have appeared also. Non-nuclear thermal power plants, particularly fossil-fueled plants, which do not use co-generation are sometimes referred to as conventional power plants.
Commercial electric utility power stations are usually constructed on a large scale and designed for continuous operation. Electric power plants typically use three-phase electrical generators to produce alternating current (AC) electric power at a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Large companies
or institutions may have their own power plants to supply heating or electricity to their facilities, especially if steam is created anyway for other purposes. Steam-driven power plants have been used in various large ships, but are now usually used in large naval ships. Shipboard power plants usually directly couple the turbine to the ship's propellers through gearboxes. Power plants in such ships also provide steam to smaller turbines driving electric generators to supply electricity. Shipboard steam power plants can be either fossil fuel or nuclear. Nuclear marine propulsion is, with few exceptions, used only in naval
vessels. There have been perhaps about a
dozen turbo-electric ships in which a steam-driven turbine drives an electric generator which powers an electric motor for propulsion.The energy efficiency of a conventional thermal power station, considered as salable energy as a percent of the heating value of the fuel consumed, is typically 33% to 48%. This efficiency is limited as all heat engines are governed by the laws of thermodynamics. The rest of the energy must leave the plant in the form of heat. This waste heat can go
through a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers. If the waste heat is instead utilized for district heating, it is called co-generation. An important class of thermal power station are associated with desalination facilities; these are typically found in desert countries with large supplies of natural gas and in these plants, freshwater production and electricity are equally important co-products.
The direct cost of electric energy produced by a thermal power station is the result of cost of fuel, capital cost for the plant, operator labour, maintenance,
and such factors as ash handling and disposal. Indirect, social or environmental costs such as the economic value of environmental impacts, or environmental and health effects of the complete fuel cycle and plant decommissioning, are not usually assigned to generation costs for thermal stations in utility practice, but may form part of an environmental impact assessment
Generally these thermal plants are present near the coal fields to reduce the cost of transport. Raw coal is transported from coal mines to a power station site by trucks, barges, bulk cargo ships or railway cars. Generally, when shipped by railways, the coal cars are sent as a full train of cars. The coal received at site may be of different sizes. The railway cars are unloaded at site by rotary dumpers or side tilt dumpers to tip over onto conveyor belts below. The coal is generally conveyed to crushers which crush the coal to about ¾ inch (6 mm) size. The crushed coal
is then sent by belt conveyors to a storage pile. Normally, the crushed coal is compacted by bulldozers, as compacting of highly volatile coal avoids spontaneous ignition. The crushed coal is conveyed from the storage pile to silos or hoppers at the boilers by another belt conveyor system.
India as the extractor of thermal energy
Major Thermal Power Plants in India
Power station
Operator
Location
District State Sector
Region
Unit wise Capa
Installed Capa
city city(MW)
Rajghat Power Station
IPGCL Delhi Delhi NCT Delhi
State
Northern
2 x 67.5
135.00
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station
HPGCL Yamunanagar
Yamunanagar
Haryana
State
Northern
2 x 300
600.00
Panipat Thermal Power Station I
HPGCL Assan Panipat Haryana
State
Northern
4 x 110
440.00
Panipat Thermal Power Station II
HPGCL Assan Panipat Haryana
State
Northern
2 x 210, 2 x 250
920.00
Faridabad Thermal Power Station
HPGCL Faridabad
Faridabad
Haryana
State
Northern
1 x 55 55.00
Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station
HPGCL Khedar Hisar Haryana
State
Northern
1 x 600
600.00
Guru Nanak dev TP
PSPCL Bathinda Bathinda Punjab State
Northern
4 x 110
440.00
Kota Super Thermal Power
RVUNL Kota Kota Rajasthan
State
Northern
2 x 110, 3 x 210,
1240.00
Plant 2 x 195
Giral Lignite Power Plant
RVUNL Thumbli Barmer Rajasthan
State
Northern
2 x 125
250.00
Chhabra Thermal Power Plant
RVUNL Mothipura Baran Rajast
hanState
Northern
2 x 250
500.00
Orba Thermal Power Station
UPRVUNL Obra Sonebha
draUttar Pradesh
State
Northern
1 x 40, 3 x 94, 5 x 200
1,322.00
Anpara Thermal Power Station
UPRVUNL Anpara Sonebha
draUttar Pradesh
State
Northern
3 x 210, 2 x 500
1630.00
Panki Thermal Power Station
UPRVUNL Panki Kanpur
Uttar Pradesh
State
Northern
2 x 105
210.00
Patratu Thermal Power Station
JSEB Patratu Jharkhand
State
Eastern
4 x 40, 2 x 90, 2 x 105, 2 x 110
770
Tenughat Thermal Power Station
TVNL Jharkhand
State
Eastern
2 x 210 420
Kolaghat Thermal
WBPDCLMecheda East Midnapore
West Bengal
State
Eastern
6 x 210
1260
Power StationBakreshwar Thermal Power Station
WBPDCLSuri Birbhum West Bengal
State
Eastern
5 x 210 1050
Etc.
Thus India is magnificently deriving an appreciable amount of energy but there is still a long way to go in this field .There is
still requirement of proper ecofriendly measures to be adopted so that this energy resource retains its potential in coming days too.
